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Wang W, Wang Y, Hao X, Duan Y, Meng Z, An X, Qi J. Dietary fermented soybean meal replacement alleviates diarrhea in weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 by modulating inflammatory cytokine levels and cecal microbiota composition. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:245. [PMID: 32664940 PMCID: PMC7362456 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired gut microbiota leads to pathogenic bacteria infection, pro-inflammatory response and post-weaning diarrhea. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 is a major cause of post-weaning diarrhea in weaned piglets. Fermented soybean meal (FSBM) could relieve diarrhea, alleviate inflammatory response, and modulate gut microbiota of weaned piglets. We used ETEC K88-challenged weaned piglet model to investigate the effects of FSBM on the growth performance, inflammatory response and cecal microbiota. Twenty-four crossbred piglets (6.8 ± 0.5 kg; 21 ± 2 days of age) were allotted into 2 treatment fed the diets with or without FSBM (6% at the expense of soybean meal). Six weaned piglets in each diet treatment were challenged by ETEC K88 (1 × 109 CFU/piglets) on day 15. The experimental period lasted for 20 days. RESULTS The ETEC K88 challenge decreased (p < 0.05) fecal consistency and plasma interleukin-10 (IL-10) concentration, while increased (p < 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI) and plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations. After ETEC K88 challenge, dietary FSBM replacement increased (p < 0.05) final body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), ADFI, and fecal consistency, but decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR). The plasma IL-10 concentration of weaned piglets fed FSBM was higher (p < 0.05), while IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations were lower (p < 0.05). Dietary FSBM replacement attenuated the increase of plasma TNF-α concentration and the decrease of ADG induced by ETEC K88 challenge (p < 0.05). High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene V4 region of cecal microbiota revealed that ETEC K88 challenge increased (p < 0.05) Campylobacter relative abundance on genus level. Dietary FSBM replacement resulted in higher (p < 0.05) relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, and lower (p < 0.05) relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Actinobacillus. Furthermore, dietary FSBM replacement relieved the increase of Escherichia-Shigella relative abundance in weaned piglets challenged by ETEC K88 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Dietary FSBM replacement improved growth performance and alleviated the diarrhea of weaned piglets challenged with ETEC K88, which could be due to modulation of cecal microbiota composition and down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China.
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, 010018, Hohhot, China.
| | - Xiran Hao
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuanxiao Duan
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Ziqi Meng
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaoping An
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Jingwei Qi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China.
- Inner Mongolia Herbivorous Livestock Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center, 010018, Hohhot, China.
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Bauckman KA, Matsuda R, Higgins CB, DeBosch BJ, Wang C, Mysorekar IU. Dietary restriction of iron availability attenuates UPEC pathogenesis in a mouse model of urinary tract infection. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 316:F814-F822. [PMID: 30724105 PMCID: PMC6580250 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00133.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is a critical nutrient required by hosts and pathogens. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), the principal causative agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs), chelate iron for their survival and persistence. Here, we demonstrate that dietary modulation of iron availability limits UPEC burden in a mouse model of UTI. Mice on a low-iron diet exhibit reduced systemic and bladder mucosal iron availability and harbor significantly lower bacterial burden, concomitant with dampened inflammation. Hepcidin is a master regulator of iron that controls iron-dependent UPEC intracellular growth. Hepcidin-deficient mice ( Hamp1-/-) exhibit accumulation of iron deposits, persistent bacterial burden in the bladder, and a heightened inflammatory response to UTI. However, a low-iron dietary regimen reversed the iron overload and increased bacterial burden phenotypes in Hamp1-/- mice. Thus modulation of iron levels via diet can reduce UPEC infection and persistence, which may have significant implications for clinical management of UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Bauckman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Rina Matsuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Cassandra B Higgins
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Brian J DeBosch
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
- Centre for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Indira U Mysorekar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
- Centre for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
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Alsahabi JA, Aldakhil LO, Alobaid AS. Tubo-ovarian abscess in non sexually active adolescents. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2017; 29:/j/ijamh.2017.29.issue-2/ijamh-2015-0051/ijamh-2015-0051.xml. [PMID: 26556838 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2015-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A tubo-ovarian abscess is a rare presentation in non-sexually active adolescents; only 11 cases have been reported in the literature. Variable approaches for diagnosis and management are described. We present a 19-year-old, non-sexually active, medically free girl, who had an abdominopelvic mass with abdominal pain and vomiting followed by fever. She had a confusing presentation of malignancy versus tuberculosis, with the help of imaging, diagnosis and treatment with percutaneous drainage, conservative treatment was achieved. Diagnosis of a tubo-ovarian abscess is difficult in non-sexually active adolescents, a high clinical index of suspicion is important as misdiagnosis may lead to radical and aggressive management, conservative management is possible in many of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawaher A Alsahabi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh
| | - Lateefa O Aldakhil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Khaled University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh
| | - Abdulaziz S Alobaid
- Department of Gyneoncology, King Fahd Medical City, Women's Specialized Hospital, P.O. Box 59046, Riyadh 11525
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Bi Y, Yang C, Diao Q, Tu Y. Effects of dietary supplementation with two alternatives to antibiotics on intestinal microbiota of preweaned calves challenged with Escherichia coli K99. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5439. [PMID: 28710379 PMCID: PMC5511211 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05376-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with two alternatives to antibiotics (Candida tropicalis and mulberry leaf flavonoids) on intestinal microbiota of preweaned calves challenged with Escherichia coli K99. Sixty Holstein calves were randomly assigned to 5 treatments: fed a basal diet (N-CON); fed a basal diet and challenged with E.coli K99 (P-CON); fed a basal diet supplemented with C.tropicalis (CT), mulberry leaf flavonoids (MLF), and the combination of the two additives (CM), respectively, and challenged with E.coli K99. The MLF and CM groups had significantly higher average daily grain and feed efficiency, and significantly lower fecal scores compared with the P-CON group after E. coli K99 challenge. The supplementation groups increased the relative abundance, at the phylum level, of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, whereas at the genus level, they increased the relative abundance of Prevotella, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus. Quantitative PCR revealed that the CT, MLF, and CM groups had significantly lower copy numbers of E.coli K99 compared with the P-CON group. The CT, MLF, and CM treatments reduce days of diarrhea, improve intestinal health, and beneficially manipulate the intestinal microbiota in preweaned calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanliang Bi
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Chuntao Yang
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyu Diao
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, 100081, Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Tu
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, 100081, Beijing, China.
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Lei W, Browning JD, Eichen PA, Folk WR, Sun GY, Lubahn DB, Fritsche KL. An Investigation into the Immunomodulatory Activities of Sutherlandia frutescens in Healthy Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160994. [PMID: 27575007 PMCID: PMC5004858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sutherlandia frutescens is a medicinal plant that has been traditionally used in southern Africa for cancers, infections, and inflammatory conditions. We recently published experiments demonstrating that an aqueous extract of S. frutescens possessed potent immune-stimulatory activity. This work was carried out with murine macrophages, an immune cell type that plays a pivotal role in host defense from infection and in shaping host inflammatory and immune responses. Here, we conducted a series of follow-up experiments to explore the impact of consuming S. frutescens on host response to bacterial challenge using healthy mice. We found that feeding mice a diet containing S. frutescens failed to significantly alter host response to systemic infection by either a gram-positive or gram-negative bacterium (i.e., L. monocytogenes and E. coli, respectively). In contrast to the in vitro observations, we found no evidence that S. frutescens consumption stimulated in vivo inflammatory responses; instead, consumption of S. frutescens tended to diminish in vivo inflammatory responses. Several possible reasons for this are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lei
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jimmy D. Browning
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Peggy A. Eichen
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - William R. Folk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Grace Y. Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Dennis B. Lubahn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kevin L. Fritsche
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Feliciano RP, Krueger CG, Reed JD. Methods to determine effects of cranberry proanthocyanidins on extraintestinal infections: Relevance for urinary tract health. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1292-306. [PMID: 25917127 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most frequent extraintestinal infections caused by Escherichia coli (ExPEC). Cranberry juice has been used for decades to alleviate symptoms and prevent recurrent UTI. The putative compounds in cranberries are proanthocyanidins (PAC), specifically PAC with "A-type" bonds. Since PAC are not absorbed, their health benefits in UTI may occur through interactions at the mucosal surface in the gastrointestinal tract. Recent research showed that higher agglutination of ExPEC and reduced bacterial invasion are correlated with higher number of "A-type" bonds and higher degree of polymerization of PAC. An understanding of PAC structure-activity relationship is becoming feasible due to advancements, not only in obtaining purified PAC fractions that allow accurate estimation, but also in high-resolution MS methodologies, specifically, MALDI-TOF MS. A recent MALDI-TOF MS deconvolution method allows quantification of the ratios of "A-type" to "B-type" bonds enabling characteristic fingerprints. Moreover, the generation of fluorescently labeled PAC allows visualization of the interaction between ExPEC and PAC with microscopy. These tools can be used to establish structure-activity relationships between PAC and UTI and give insight on the mechanism of action of these compounds in the gut without being absorbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo P Feliciano
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Reed Research Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christian G Krueger
- Reed Research Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Complete Phytochemical Solutions LLC, Cambridge, WI, USA
| | - Jess D Reed
- Reed Research Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Complete Phytochemical Solutions LLC, Cambridge, WI, USA
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7
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Zhang F, Zeng X, Yang F, Huang Z, Liu H, Ma X, Qiao S. Dietary N-Carbamylglutamate Supplementation Boosts Intestinal Mucosal Immunity in Escherichia coli Challenged Piglets. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66280. [PMID: 23840434 PMCID: PMC3686801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) has been shown to enhance performance in neonatal piglets. However, few studies have demonstrated the effect of NCG on the intestinal mucosal barrier. This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary NCG supplementation on intestinal mucosal immunity in neonatal piglets after an Escherichia coli (E. coli) challenge. New-born piglets (4 d old) were assigned randomly to one of four treatments (n = 7), including (I) sham challenge, (II) sham challenge +50 mg/kg NCG, (III) E. coli challenge, and (IV) E. coli challenge +50 mg/kg NCG. On d 8, pigs in the E. coli challenge groups (III and IV) were orally challenged with 5 mL of E. coli K88 (10(8) CFU/mL), whereas pigs in the sham challenge groups (I and II) were orally dosed with an equal volume of water. On d 13, all piglets were sacrificed, and samples were collected and examined. The results show that average daily gain in the E. coli challenged piglets (III and IV) was decreased (PE.coli<0.05). However, it tended to be higher in the NCG treated piglets (II and IV). Ileum secretory IgA, as well as IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 in ileal homogenates, were increased in E. coli challenged piglets (III and IV). Similarly, ileum SIgA and IL-10 levels, and CD4(+) percentage in NCG treated piglets (II and IV) were higher than no-NCG treated piglets (PNCG<0.05). However, the IL-2 level was only decreased in the piglets of E. coli challenge + NCG group (IV) compared with E. coli challenge group (III) (P<0.05). No change in the IL-2 level of the sham challenged piglets (III) was observed. In conclusion, dietary NCG supplementation has some beneficial effects on intestinal mucosal immunity in E. coli challenged piglets, which might be associated with stimulated lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine synthesis. Our findings have an important implication that NCG may be used to reduce diarrhea in neonatal piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangfang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengjuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Wojnicz D, Sycz Z, Walkowski S, Gabrielska J, Aleksandra W, Alicja K, Anna SŁ, Hendrich AB. Study on the influence of cranberry extract Żuravit S·O·S(®) on the properties of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains, their ability to form biofilm and its antioxidant properties. Phytomedicine 2012; 19:506-514. [PMID: 22306419 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of cranberries is known to exert positive health effects, especially against urinary tract infections. For this reason, presumably, they are widely used in folk medicine. Different aspects of cranberry phenolics activity were studied in individual papers but complex study in this matter is missing. The aim of the present study is to provide complex data concerning various aspects of cranberry extract activity. We studied the effects of subinhibitory concentrations of commercially available extract (Żuravit S·O·S(®)) against two Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine of patients with pyelonephritis. Additionally the main extract anthocyanins were characterized. The activity of extract against lipid peroxidation and its radical scavenging ability were also assessed. Żuravit S·O·S(®) decreased the hydrophobicity of one of the studied E. coli strains, reduced swimming motility and adhesion to epithelial cells of both studied strains, it also limited the ability of bacteria to form biofilm. Expression of curli was not affected by cranberry extract, the assessment of P fimbriae expression was not reliable due to extract-induced agglutination of erythrocytes. Cranberry extract caused filamentation in both studied E. coli strains. It also showed pronounced antioxidant and radical scavenging properties. The properties of the studied cranberry extract show that it could be effectively used in prevention and/or elimination of urinary tract infections, specially the recurrent ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Wojnicz
- Department of Medical Biology and Parasitology, Wrocław Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 9, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
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Kiers JL, Nout MJR, Rombouts FM, van Andel EE, Nabuurs MJA, van der Meulen J. Effect of processed and fermented soyabeans on net absorption in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-infected piglet small intestine. Br J Nutr 2006; 95:1193-8. [PMID: 16768844 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20061772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diarrhoea is a major problem in both children and piglets. Infection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) results in fluid secretion and electrolyte losses in the small intestine. In the present study the effect of processed and fermented soyabean products on net absorption during ETEC infection was investigated. Soyabean was processed into an autoclaved, a cooked and a mould-fermented (tempeh) product. The soyabean products were pre-digested and the effect of the products on net absorption in the small intestine of piglets was studied. Pairs of small-intestinal segments, one non-infected and the other ETEC-infected, were perfused simultaneously with the different products during 8 h. Net absorption of fluid, DM, Na, chloride, K and total solutes was determined. Net fluid absorption was highest for cooked soyabean followed by autoclaved soyabean and tempeh as a result of the osmolality of these products. In ETEC-infected segments, cooked soyabean and tempeh showed minor fluid losses (27 (SE 23) and 43 (SE 20) microl/cm(2), respectively) compared with the saline control (260 (SE 23) microl/cm(2)). Tempeh resulted in a high uptake of solutes. Processed soyabean products, particularly cooked soyabean and tempeh, are beneficial in maintaining fluid balance during ETEC infection. Additionally, tempeh showed high DM and total solute absorption. Therefore, particularly, tempeh may be beneficial in the case of post-weaning diarrhoea in piglets and possibly in children as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen L Kiers
- Agrotechnology and Food Science Group of Wageningen UR, Laboratory of Food Microbiology, The Netherlands
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Greenberg JA, Newmann SJ, Howell AB. Consumption of Sweetened Dried Cranberries Versus Unsweetened Raisins for Inhibition of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Adhesion in Human Urine: A Pilot Study. J Altern Complement Med 2005; 11:875-8. [PMID: 16296921 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2005.11.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine whether consumption of sweetened dried cranberries elicits urinary anti-adherence properties against Escherichia coli as previously demonstrated with cranberry juice and/or sweetened cranberry juice cocktail, compared to unsweetened raisins. DESIGN Uropathogenic E. coli isolates were obtained from five women with culture-confirmed urinary tract infections (UTIs). Four urine samples were collected from each subject. The first urine sample was collected before any study intervention. The second urine sample was collected 2-5 hours after consumption of one box (42.5 g) of raisins. The third urine sample was collected 5-7 days later. The final urine sample was collected 2-5 hours after consumption of approximately 42.5 g of dried cranberries. MATERIALS AND METHODS E. coli isolates were incubated separately in each of the four urine samples collected from the five subjects. Bacteria were harvested from the urine and tested for the ability to prevent adhesion of P-fimbriated E. coli bacteria using a mannose-resistant hemagglutination assay with human red blood cells (A1, Rh+). RESULTS Of the urine samples collected after dried cranberry consumption, one demonstrated 50% antiadherence activity, two demonstrated 25% activity, and two did not show any increased activity. None of the control urine samples and none of the postraisin consumption samples demonstrated any inhibitory activity. CONCLUSIONS Data from this pilot study on only five subjects suggest that consumption of a single serving of sweetened dried cranberries may elicit bacterial antiadhesion activity in human urine, whereas consumption of a single serving of raisins does not. Further studies are needed to verify the antiadhesion effect of sweetened dried cranberries. In addition, dose-response and pharmacokinetics of the active compounds in the dried cranberries need to be determined. If clinical research is positive, dried cranberries could potentially be a viable alternative to cranberry juice consumption for prevention of UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Greenberg
- Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA., Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Dixit S, Kailasapathy K. Bacterial diversity of Escherichia coli in the gut: a reason to re-evaluate probiotic formulations? Curr Issues Intest Microbiol 2005; 6:17-23. [PMID: 15751749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Humans and animals are increasingly being subjected to various probiotic formulations with the claim of providing a number of health benefits to the consumer. These formulations usually incorporate bacterial consortia comprising of mostly lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Recent studies have shown that strains found in different regions of the gut are genetically different from each other and may therefore have different abilities to interact with bacteria that they come into contact with. Even LAB show differences in their ability to interact, and further, inhibit growth of pathogenic bacteria in vitro due to individual strain differences. If these results are repeatedly shown to be true in future assessments, an evaluation of bacterial consortia used in probiotic formulations may now be necessary. This may have an impact in the way future probiotic formulations are prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Dixit
- Department of Biotechnology, Kathmandu University, PO Box 6250, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
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Coutiño-Rodríguez R, Hernández-Cruz P, Giles-Ríos H. Lectins in fruits having gastrointestinal activity: their participation in the hemagglutinating property of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Arch Med Res 2001; 32:251-7. [PMID: 11440778 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(01)00287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In fruits with therapeutic properties for antidiarrheal and laxative uses, the presence of lectins may be the bioactive properties that interfere with bacterial adhesion, thought to be competition for glycoside signal sites in the attachment. METHODS This study identifies lectins in crude extracts from fruits such as Tamarindus indica (tamarind), Spontia vulgaris (plum), Psidium guava (guava), Mangifera indica (mango), Cydonia vulgaris (quince), and Crataegus mexicanus (tejocote). To verify the procedures, extracts from Ricinus communis (castor bean), Glycine max (soybean), Phaseolus vulgaris (beans), Vicia fava (fava bean), and Solanum tuberosum (potato) were used as controls for lectin activity. Both sources of lectins were analyzed to determine their participation in the host-parasite interaction, using as a model the hemagglutinating properties of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHA). RESULTS All extracts showed hemagglutination to group O erythrocytes test (HA) with the exception of mango. Two new galactose-specific lectins were identified from tamarind and guava. When analyzed for participation in EHA, only guava lectins inhibited this, while soybean lectin induced hemolysis; as both lectins bind to galactose, it is probable that their recognition occurs in different domains. Sugars involved in the attachment between Escherichia coli O157:H7 and red cells were identified and again, galactose in addition to mannose was found to be related in EHA. On the other hand, guava lectins also agglutinated E. coli O157:H7, perhaps due to the same galactose-specific lectin or to another type of lectin. CONCLUSIONS In summary, guava has a galactose-specific lectin that prevents adhesion of E. coli O157:H7 to red cells; this lectin is mediated by galactose. Prevention could also be due to their capacity of agglutinating E. coli by guava lectins. Soybean lectin induced hemolysis only when bacteria was present, but not with floating secretions. This finding showed that guava is a source of lectin that can be explored to prevent adhesion of E. coli to epithelial intestinal cells; contrariwise, soya must be studied to see its participation in the uremia caused during E. coli O157:H7 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Coutiño-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Salud y Ecología, Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
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Choulot JJ, Saint-Martin J. [Treatment of severe Escherichia coli infection]. Arch Fr Pediatr 1988; 45:598. [PMID: 3063229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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14
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Abstract
Previously, we induced weanling diarrhea in piglets by infecting them with rotavirus followed by hemolytic enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. We postulated that rotavirus, by damaging the epithelium of the small intestines, produced an enteroenvironment which favored the selection and growth of enteropathogenic E. coli. Furthermore, diet might affect the enteroenvironment and influence the course of the disease. To test this, newly weaned 3-week-old piglets were assigned to one of four dietary regimens and infected with rotavirus followed 24 h later with enteropathogenic E. coli. The course of the disease was followed by monitoring the severity of diarrhea and the fecal shedding of rotavirus and enteropathogenic E. coli in these dually infected piglets. The dietary regimen designed to tax the digestive and absorptive capacities of the piglets (high nutrient intake fed three times a day) produced the most prolonged diarrhea, colonization of the gut by hemolytic enteropathogenic E. coli, and persistent shedding of rotavirus (P less than 0.01). The same nutrient intake divided into 24 equal increments and fed hourly produced a less severe response (P less than 0.01). The least severe response was seen in piglets fed one-third the nutrient intake either hourly or three times a day (P less than 0.01). We conclude that dietary regimen plays an important role in rotavirus-E. coli-induced weanling diarrhea.
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Thomlinson JR, Lawrence TL. Dietary manipulation of gastric pH in the prophylaxis of enteric disease in weaned pigs: some field observations. Vet Rec 1981; 109:120-2. [PMID: 7039079 DOI: 10.1136/vr.109.6.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Jameson RM. The prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection in women. Practitioner 1976; 216:178-81. [PMID: 772658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Balezina TA, Misnik VP, Mikhovskaia EG. [Influence of a diet enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids on some indices of the metabolism and course of acute gastro-intestinal diseases in children in the 1st year of life]. Vopr Pitan 1975:31-6. [PMID: 779267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The influence of new products "Vitalakt" and "Malysh", enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids, on the evolution of acute gastro-intestinal diseases and the lipids metabolism characteristics (total lipids, cholesterol and its ethers, phospholipids, nonetherified fatty acids in the blood serum), as well as on blood serum, protein fractions was studied. A total of 137 children were examined and the diet of 87 of them included the new dairy products "Vitalakt" and Malysh". These new dairy mixtures have been found to exert a beneficial effect on the course of the disease, tended to normalize the blood serum lipids characteristics and to reduce dysproteinemia. All this warrants recommending the mixtures "Vitalakt" and "Malysh" to be included in the diet of infants in the first year of life, suffering from acute gastro-intestinal diseases.
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Kamm R, Hibbard LT. Hyperalimentation in the management of overwhelming pelvic infection. Obstet Gynecol 1974; 44:246-8. [PMID: 4608962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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