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Subudhi RN, Poonia N, Singh D, Arora V. Natural approaches for the management of ulcerative colitis: evidence of preclinical and clinical investigations. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:42. [PMID: 39078427 PMCID: PMC11289194 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-024-00463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a recurring autoimmune disorder characterized by persistent inflammation in the mucosal lining of the lower part of the large intestine. Conventional treatment options such as salicylates, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants often come with severe side effects, limited bioavailability, and the development of drug resistance, which hampers their therapeutic effectiveness. Therefore, it is imperative to explore natural strategies as safe and alternative treatments for UC. Currently, around 40% of UC patients find relief through natural constituents, which can help reduce toxic side effects and maintain clinical remission. This review aims to provide a summary of both preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the efficacy of various natural substances in the prophylaxis of UC. These natural options include plant extracts, essential oils, nutraceuticals, and phytochemicals. Furthermore, we will delve into the potential mechanisms that underlie the protective and curative actions of these novel herbal agents. In summary, this review will explore the effectiveness of natural remedies for UC, shedding light on their preclinical and clinical findings and the mechanisms behind their therapeutic actions. These alternatives offer hope for improved treatment outcomes and reduced side effects for individuals suffering from this challenging autoimmune condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudra Narayan Subudhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Poonia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Dilpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Vimal Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
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Rahayu M, Kalima T, Martgrita MM, Sembiring C, Simangunsong L, Elisabeth S, Munawaroh E, Astuti IP, Susiarti S, Oryzanti P, Sihotang VBL, Purwanto Y, Nikmatullah M. Ethnobotany and diversity of Citrus spp. (Rutaceae) as a source of "Kem-kem" traditional medicine used among the Karo sub-ethnic in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29721. [PMID: 38694125 PMCID: PMC11061673 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The Karo sub-ethnic is one of five Batak sub-ethnicities in the Karo Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. They are famous for their local knowledge about the traditional use of medicinal plants to treat various diseases. The "Kem-kem" traditional medicine is one of the traditional healing practices that involve using plants passed down through generations from their ancestors. One of the plant genus group in the Rutaceae family utilized in the traditional "Kem-kem" healing practice is a citrus known as "Rimo". This study aims to document the local knowledge about the diversity of Citrus spp. as Kem-kem's herbal medicinal plant. This study was conducted from April to July 2023 in the Kabanjahe and Berastagi districts, Karo Regency, North Sumatra. Data was collected using interviews with traditional healers, herbal medicine vendors, and direct observations at traditional markets, involving a total of 8 Citrus spp. The Karo uses "Rimo" with different local names as sources of traditional medicinal ingredients in practicing "Kem-kem". There are 15 local names comprising eight species of Citrus. Four are hybrids, i.e., Citrus x aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle, Citrus × aurantium L, Citrus × junos Siebold ex Yu.Tanaka, and Citrus × taitensis Risso. Two of the remaining species are recognized in infraspecific rank, one variety (Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis (Hoola van Nooten) Swingle) and one form (Citrus × aurantium f. deliciosa (Ten.) M.Hiroe). They were used as material sources for Kem-kem traditional medicine to treat at least nine health problems. There are two species with six local names included in the Least Concern (LC) category, namely C. medica (Rimo Gawang, Rimo Hantuantu, Rimo Kayu), C. medica var. sarcodactylis (Rimo Kuku Harimau), and C. medica (Rimo Telur Buaya), C. maxima (Burm.) Merr. (Rimo Malem). Nine local names are included in the Not Evaluated (NE) category, namely C. × junos (Rimo Kejaren), C. × taitensis (Rimo Jungga), C. × aurantium f. deliciosa (Rimo Keling), C. × aurantium (Rimo Kersik), Citrus hystrix DC. (Rimo Mukur), C. × taitensis (Rimo Puraga), C. × aurantium (Rimo Kalele), Citrus swinglei Burkill ex Harms (Rimo Pagar), and C. x aurantiifolia (Rimo Bunga). Rimo Kejaren (C. × junos) is a species that has the most benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulyati Rahayu
- Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Km. 46, Bogor, 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Titi Kalima
- Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Km. 46, Bogor, 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Christine Sembiring
- Del Institute of Technology, Jl. P.I Del, Laguboti, Toba, North Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Lianty Simangunsong
- Del Institute of Technology, Jl. P.I Del, Laguboti, Toba, North Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Sion Elisabeth
- Del Institute of Technology, Jl. P.I Del, Laguboti, Toba, North Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Esti Munawaroh
- Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Km. 46, Bogor, 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Inggit Puji Astuti
- Research Center for Applied Botany, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl.Ir. H. Juanda 13, Bogor, 16122, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Siti Susiarti
- Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Km. 46, Bogor, 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Parwa Oryzanti
- Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Km. 46, Bogor, 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Vera Budi Lestari Sihotang
- Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Km. 46, Bogor, 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Y. Purwanto
- Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Km. 46, Bogor, 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhamad Nikmatullah
- Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Km. 46, Bogor, 16911, West Java, Indonesia
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Pasdaran A, Hamedi A, Shiehzadeh S, Hamedi A. A review of citrus plants as functional foods and dietary supplements for human health, with an emphasis on meta-analyses, clinical trials, and their chemical composition. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 54:311-336. [PMID: 36963879 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Fruits, flowers, leaves, essential oils, hydrosols, and juices of citrus spp. Are utilized to prepare various forms of food products. Along with their nutritional values, in the health industry, different parts of the plants of the citrus genus have been used as supplements or remedies to prevent or control diseases. This review focused on reported meta-analyses and clinical trials on the health benefits of citrus plants as functional foods. Also, chemical compounds of various citrus species were reviewed. The following information sources were used for data collection: Google Scholar, the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. Various keywords, including "citrus AND chemical compounds," "citrus AND phytochemicals," "citrus species," "citrus AND meta-analysis," "nutritional and therapeutical values of citrus spp.," "clinical trials AND citrus," "clinical trials AND Rutaceae," "health benefits of citrus spp.," "citrus edible or non-edible applications," and scientific names of the citrus plants were utilized to collect data for the review. The scientific name and common name of all twenty-eight citrus species, along with any of the above keywords, were also searched in the mentioned databases. Scientific papers and data sources were sought to review and discuss the citrus plant's nutritional and therapeutic importance. Several meta-analyses and clinical trials have reported beneficial effects of citrus spices on a variety of cancer risks, cardiovascular risk factors, neurologic disorders, urinary tract conditions, and gastrointestinal tract conditions. They have shown anxiolytic, antimicrobial, and pain-alleviating effects. Some of them can be helpful in managing obesity and cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Pasdaran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azar Hamedi
- School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Shiehzadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hamedi
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Li W, Zhang J, Yang J, Zhang J, Li Z, Yang Y, Zang L. Comparison of copper and aluminum doped cobalt ferrate nanoparticles for improving biohydrogen production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126078. [PMID: 34606925 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two various materials, copper and aluminum doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated for investigating their effects of addition amounts on hydrogen (H2) synthesis and process stability. CoCu0.2Fe1.8O4NPs enhanced H2 production more than CoAl0.2Fe1.8O4 NPs under same condition. The highest H2 yield of 212.25 ml/g glucose was found at optimal dosage of 300 mg/L CoCu0.2Fe1.8O4 NPs, revealing the increases of 43.17% and 6.67% compared with the control without NPs and 300 mg/L CoAl0.2Fe1.8O4 NPs groups, respectively. NPs level of more than 400 mg/L inhibited H2 generation. Further investigations illustrated that CoCu0.2Fe1.8O4 NPs were mainly distributed on extracellular polymer substance while CoAl0.2Fe1.8O4 NPs were mostly enriched on cell membrane, which facilitated electron transfer behavior. Community structure composition demonstrated that CoCu0.2Fe1.8O4 and CoAl0.2Fe1.8O4 separately caused a 9.67% and 9.03% increase in Clostridium sensu stricto 1 compared with the control reactor without NPs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Jishi Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250353, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China.
| | - Junwei Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Junchu Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Zhenmin Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Yunjun Yang
- Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Lihua Zang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250353, PR China
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Karthikeyan A, Kim HH, Preethi V, Moniruzzaman M, Lee KH, Kalaiselvi S, Kim GS, Min T. Assessment of Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Citrus unshiu Peel (CUP) Flavonoids on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2209. [PMID: 34686018 PMCID: PMC8538621 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Citrus unshiu is a popular medicinal herb in several Asian countries, in particular South Korea. C. unshiu peel (CUP) has several biologically active compounds, including flavonoids. Hence, this research aimed to label the flavonoids from CUP by HPLC-MS/MS analysis and examine their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. A total of four flavonoids (Rutin, naringin, hesperidin, and poncirin) were characterized, and their contents were quantified from CUP. It showed that the naringin is rich in CUP. Further, treatment with the flavonoids at concentrations of 2.5 and 5 μg/mL had no effect on the cell viability of RAW 264.7 macrophages. On the other hand, it decreased the production and expression of inflammatory mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, and COX2 in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, flavonoids treatment inhibited the NF-κB activation by downregulating the p-p65 and p-IκBα proteins expression. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production considerably decreased at the same concentrations while antioxidant enzyme activity increased in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Collectively, our results show that CUP flavonoids have the potential to decrease inflammation and oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhimoolam Karthikeyan
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju City 63243, Korea;
| | - Hun Hwan Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.H.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Vetrivel Preethi
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.H.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) and Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju City 63243, Korea;
| | - Ki Ho Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824, Korea;
| | - Senthil Kalaiselvi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641028, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.H.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Taesun Min
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) and Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju City 63243, Korea;
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Kaur S, Panesar PS, Chopra HK. Citrus processing by-products: an overlooked repository of bioactive compounds. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:67-86. [PMID: 34184951 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1943647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Citrus fruits contain plethora of bioactive compounds stored in edible as well as inedible part. Since, citrus fruits are processed mainly for juice, the residues are disposed in wastelands, hence, plenty of nutritional potential goes in vain. But if utilized wisely, the bioactive phytochemicals in citrus by-products have the ability to revolutionize the functional food industry. In the present review, the composition of citrus by-products in terms of bioactive components and their health benefits has been reviewed. Various extraction techniques used to extract these bioactives has been discussed and a brief overview of purification and utilization of the extracted compounds, in food and nutraceutical industry is also presented. Bioactives in citrus by-products are higher than the peeled fruit, which can be extracted, isolated and incorporated into food systems for development of health foods. From the studies reviewed, it was observed that research reported on utilization of citrus by-products is limited to mainly research labs; proper scale-up process and its adequate research commercialization is the need of hour to transform these bioactives into economical functional ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samandeep Kaur
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sangrur, Punjab, India
| | - Parmjit S Panesar
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sangrur, Punjab, India
| | - Harish K Chopra
- Department of Chemistry, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sangrur, Punjab, India
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Valorization of Citrus Co-Products: Recovery of Bioactive Compounds and Application in Meat and Meat Products. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061069. [PMID: 34073552 PMCID: PMC8228688 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Citrus fruits (orange, lemon, mandarin, and grapefruit) are one of the most extensively cultivated crops. Actually, fresh consumption far exceeds the demand and, subsequently, a great volume of the production is destined for the citrus-processing industries, which produce a huge quantity of co-products. These co-products, without proper treatment and disposal, might cause severe environmental problems. The co-products obtained from the citrus industry may be considered a very important source of high-added-value bioactive compounds that could be used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and dietetic industries, and mainly in the food industry. Due to consumer demands, the food industry is exploring a new and economical source of bioactive compounds to develop novel foods with healthy properties. Thus, the aim of this review is to describe the possible benefits of citrus co-products as a source of bioactive compounds and their applications in the development of healthier meat and meat products.
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Suzuki A, Hirakawa E, Umeki M, Sakai K, Koya M, Oda H, Mochizuki S, Nobuoka K, Ishikawa Y. Yuzu, <i>Citrus junos</i>, peels extract ameliorated hepatic steatosis induced by chloretone in rats. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.27.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Suzuki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Department of Integrated Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Oita University
| | - Erika Hirakawa
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Department of Integrated Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Oita University
| | - Miki Umeki
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Beppu University
| | - Kumiko Sakai
- Institute for Research Promotion, Oita University
| | - Mami Koya
- Institute for Research Promotion, Oita University
| | - Hiroaki Oda
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University
| | | | - Kaoru Nobuoka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Department of Integrated Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Oita University
| | - Yuichi Ishikawa
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Department of Integrated Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Oita University
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Kim JW, Jo EH, Moon JE, Cha H, Chang MH, Cho HT, Lee MK, Jung WS, Lee JH, Heo W, Kim YJ. In Vitro and In Vivo Inhibitory Effect of Citrus Junos Tanaka Peel Extract against Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptotic Death of Lung Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1231. [PMID: 33291640 PMCID: PMC7761914 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Various stresses derived from both internal and external oxidative environments lead to the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing progressive intracellular oxidative damage and ultimately cell death. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of Citrus junos Tanaka peel extract (CE) against oxidative-stress induced the apoptosis of lung cells and the associated mechanisms of action using in vitro and in vivo models. The protective effect of CE was evaluated in vitro in NCI-H460 human lung cells exposed to pro-oxidant H2O2. The preventive effect of CE (200 mg/kg/day, 10 days) against pulmonary injuries following acrolein inhalation (10 ppm for 12 h) was investigated using an in vivo mouse model. Herein, we demonstrated the inhibitory effect of CE against the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of lung cells under a highly oxidative environment. The function of CE is linked with its ability to suppress ROS-dependent, p53-mediated apoptotic signaling. Furthermore, we evaluated the protective role of CE against apoptotic pulmonary injuries associated with the inhalation of acrolein, a ubiquitous and highly oxidizing environmental respiratory pollutant, through the attenuation of oxidative stress. The results indicated that CE exhibits a protective effect against the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of lung cells in both in vitro and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 8244, Korea; (J.W.K.); (E.H.J.); (J.E.M.); (H.C.); (M.H.C.); (H.T.C.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Eun Hee Jo
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 8244, Korea; (J.W.K.); (E.H.J.); (J.E.M.); (H.C.); (M.H.C.); (H.T.C.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Ji Eun Moon
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 8244, Korea; (J.W.K.); (E.H.J.); (J.E.M.); (H.C.); (M.H.C.); (H.T.C.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Hanvit Cha
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 8244, Korea; (J.W.K.); (E.H.J.); (J.E.M.); (H.C.); (M.H.C.); (H.T.C.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Moon Han Chang
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 8244, Korea; (J.W.K.); (E.H.J.); (J.E.M.); (H.C.); (M.H.C.); (H.T.C.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Hyung Taek Cho
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 8244, Korea; (J.W.K.); (E.H.J.); (J.E.M.); (H.C.); (M.H.C.); (H.T.C.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Min Kook Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 8244, Korea; (J.W.K.); (E.H.J.); (J.E.M.); (H.C.); (M.H.C.); (H.T.C.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Wan Sik Jung
- Immunotech, Inc., Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31094, Korea;
| | - Jin Hyup Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 8244, Korea; (J.W.K.); (E.H.J.); (J.E.M.); (H.C.); (M.H.C.); (H.T.C.); (M.K.L.)
- Institutes of Natural Sciences, Korea University, Sejong 8244, Korea
| | - Wan Heo
- Institutes of Natural Sciences, Korea University, Sejong 8244, Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 8244, Korea; (J.W.K.); (E.H.J.); (J.E.M.); (H.C.); (M.H.C.); (H.T.C.); (M.K.L.)
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Koolaji N, Shammugasamy B, Schindeler A, Dong Q, Dehghani F, Valtchev P. Citrus Peel Flavonoids as Potential Cancer Prevention Agents. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa025. [PMID: 32391511 PMCID: PMC7199889 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruit and in particular flavonoid compounds from citrus peel have been identified as agents with utility in the treatment of cancer. This review provides a background and overview regarding the compounds found within citrus peel with putative anticancer potential as well as the associated in vitro and in vivo studies. Historical studies have identified a number of cellular processes that can be modulated by citrus peel flavonoids including cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis. More recently, molecular studies have started to elucidate the underlying cell signaling pathways that are responsible for the flavonoids' mechanism of action. These growing data support further research into the chemopreventative potential of citrus peel extracts, and purified flavonoids in particular. This critical review highlights new research in the field and synthesizes the pathways modulated by flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds into a generalized schema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Koolaji
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Center for Advanced Food Enginomics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Balakrishnan Shammugasamy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Center for Advanced Food Enginomics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Aaron Schindeler
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Center for Advanced Food Enginomics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Bioengineering & Molecular Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Qihan Dong
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- Greg Brown Laboratory, Central Clinical School and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fariba Dehghani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Center for Advanced Food Enginomics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Valtchev
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Center for Advanced Food Enginomics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Park JA, Oh JE, Cho MS. Development of yuja ( Citrus junos) beverage based on antioxidant properties and sensory attributes using response surface methodology. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:1854-1863. [PMID: 30996421 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03639-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a new type of Citrus junos beverage (known as yuja in Korean and yuzu in Japanese) based on a traditional drink preparation method (Galsu). Processing conditions (yuja extract, sugar, and soybean milk) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) to develop the beverage. The polynomial models developed by RSM were based on physicochemical characteristics and sensory attributes. Sugar, vitamin C, and total phenolic compound contents, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, sweet odor, yuja flavor, sweet taste, and pungent sensation were used as indices of positive product quality. Beany flavor, astringent taste, beany aftertaste, and astringent aftertaste, were used as indices of negative product quality. Sour odor and sour taste, which are the major characteristics of the traditional yuja beverage, were set in a range to optimize the numerical model. The predicted optimum formulation of yuja beverage (Galsu) as a final product was determined to be 28.4% yuja extract, 36.6% sugar, and 35.0% soybean milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ah Park
- 1Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Oh
- 2College of Science and Industry Convergence, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Sook Cho
- 1Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
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Intestinal metabolism of baicalein after oral administration in mice: Pharmacokinetics and mechanisms. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Dosoky NS, Setzer WN. Biological Activities and Safety of Citrus spp. Essential Oils. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1966. [PMID: 29976894 PMCID: PMC6073409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruits have been a commercially important crop for thousands of years. In addition, Citrus essential oils are valuable in the perfume, food, and beverage industries, and have also enjoyed use as aromatherapy and medicinal agents. This review summarizes the important biological activities and safety considerations of the essential oils of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), bitter orange (Citrus aurantium), neroli (Citrus aurantium), orange petitgrain (Citrus aurantium), mandarin (Citrus reticulata), lemon (Citrus limon), lime (Citrus aurantifolia), grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi), bergamot (Citrus bergamia), Yuzu (Citrus junos), and kumquat (Citrus japonica).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura S Dosoky
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 102, Lehi, UT 84043, USA.
| | - William N Setzer
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 102, Lehi, UT 84043, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
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Shin EJ, Park JH, Sung MJ, Chung MY, Hwang JT. Citrus junos Tanaka peel ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells and in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:499. [PMID: 27912736 PMCID: PMC5135759 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1460-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Citrus junos Tanaka (yuja), a yellow-coloured citrus fruit has traditionally been consumed in Korea, Japan, and China and has been found effective in preventing certain diseases. However, the inhibitory effect of yuja on hepatic lipid accumulation has not been clearly elucidated thus far. Methods The inhibitory effect of yuja on hepatic lipid accumulation was investigated in both cell culture and mouse models. We investigated the inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of yuja peel (YE) using HepG2 cells. We next confirmed the effect of YE in mice fed a high cholesterol diet. Animals were divided into 4 groups (n = 8): a normal diet group (ND), a high-cholesterol diet group (HC), high-cholesterol diet plus 1% YE (YL), high-cholesterol diet plus 5% YE (YH). Result Seventy percent ethanolic extracts of yuja peel (YE) reduced oleic acid-induced hepatic lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Treatment with YE at 100, 200 μg/mL up-regulated expression levels of cholesterol metabolism-related proteins such as AMPK, ACC, PPAR-α, and CPT1 and down-regulated the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. The hypocholesterolemic effect of YE was further confirmed in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet. Compared to ND (normal diet) mice, HC (high-cholesterol diet) mice showed increased body weight, liver fat content, liver weight, and content of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. On the contrary, administrations of YL (HC + 1% YE) or YH (HC + 5% YE) significantly reduced body weight, liver fat content, liver weight, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol compared to those of only HC fed mice group. As a result of in vitro data, protein expressions of PPAR-α and CPT1 were induced in mice fed YE diet compared to HC diet but HMGCR expression was decreased. Conclusions Yuja peel ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation in both cell culture and mouse models and therefore, could serve as a useful supplement for hypercholesterolemia.
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Poly-γ-glutamic acid induces apoptosis via reduction of COX-2 expression in TPA-induced HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:7577-86. [PMID: 25854428 PMCID: PMC4425035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16047577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-γ-glutamic acid (PGA) is one of the bioactive compounds found in cheonggukjang, a fast-fermented soybean paste widely utilized in Korean cooking. PGA is reported to have a number of beneficial health effects, and interestingly, it has been identified as a possible anti-cancer compound through its ability to promote apoptosis in cancer cells, although the precise molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Our findings demonstrate that PGA inhibits the pro-proliferative functions of the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a known chemical carcinogen in HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells. This inhibition was accompanied by hallmark apoptotic phenotypes, including DNA fragmentation and the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase 3. In addition, PGA treatment reduced the expression of genes known to be overexpressed in colorectal cancer cells, including cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Lastly, PGA promoted activation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein (AMPK) in HT-29 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that PGA treatment enhances apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells, in part by modulating the activity of the COX-2 and AMPK signaling pathways. These anti-cancer functions of PGA make it a promising compound for future study.
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Zang L, Shimada Y, Kawajiri J, Tanaka T, Nishimura N. Effects of Yuzu (Citrus junos Siebold ex Tanaka) peel on the diet-induced obesity in a zebrafish model. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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