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Zhu H, Li J, Yuan X, Zhao J, Ma L, Chen F, Hu X, Ji J. Synergistic effects of superfine grinding and high hydrostatic pressure on the contents, distribution, digestive behaviors and antioxidant activities of polyphenols in barley leaves. Food Chem 2024; 452:139574. [PMID: 38733683 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Barley leaves (BLs) naturally contained abundant phenolics, most of which are hardly completely released from food matrix during gastrointestinal digestion. Superfine grinding (SFG) and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) are generally used to treat the functional plants due to their effectiveness to cell wall-breaking and improvement of nutraceutical bioavailability. Thus, this study investigated the synergistic effects of SFG and HHP (100, 300, 500 MPa/20 min) on the bioaccessbility of typical phenolics in BLs during the simulated in-vitro digestion. The results demonstrated that the highest bioaccessbility (40.98%) was found in the ultrafine sample with HHP at 500 MPa. CLSM and SEM confirmed SFG led to microstructurally rapture of BLs. Moreover, the recovery index of ABTS radical scavenging activity and FRAP of HHP-treated ultrafine and fine BLs samples maximumly increased by 53.62% and 9.61%, respectively. This study is expecting to provide the theoretical basis to improve the consumer acceptance of BLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, China Agricultural University, Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiahao Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, China Agricultural University, Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, China Agricultural University, Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, China Agricultural University, Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lingjun Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, China Agricultural University, Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, China Agricultural University, Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, China Agricultural University, Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junfu Ji
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, China Agricultural University, Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China.
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2
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Lee DY, Kang SW, Kim JS, Bae JY, Lee HL, Lee H, Seo WD, Jang YS, Kim JH. Effect of Abiotic Signals on the Accumulation of Saponarin in Barley Leaves in Hydroponics Under Artificial Lights. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:10852-10859. [PMID: 38463256 PMCID: PMC10918822 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Functional flavonoid production is a new agenda in the agricultural industry, and young barley leaves (YBL) are one of the highlighted crops due to their health-beneficial flavonoid, saponarin. For the year-round cultivation of a high saponarin content of YBL, abiotic signal effects on the biosynthesis and metabolism in YBL need to be understood clearly. In this research, the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related abiotic signals, such as light, potassium, and sodium, were investigated on the biosynthetic metabolism in YBL cultivation under artificial lights. A higher quantity of blue-rich white light (6500 K of light temperature) irradiation enhanced ROS levels and the related enzyme activities (APX and CAT), as well as photosynthesis and saponarin amount, while red-rich white light (3000 K of light temperature) increased the photosynthesis only. In addition, 1.0 g L-1 K+ treatment in water slightly reduced ROS levels and increased saponarin accumulation in YBL. These blue-rich light and K+ supplemental conditions relatively increased OGT expression and reduced 4-coumaric acid and isovitexin as saponarin precursors. Furthermore, the relative ratio of lutonarin as an oxidized product of saponarin increased in increments of light quantity. Finally, the abiotic conditions for saponarin production were optimized with the mixture solution treatment of 1.0 g L-1 Na+ and 1.0 g L-1 K+ under 500 PPFD of 6500 K light, and the saponarin amount per leaf was 219.5 μg plant-1; it was comparable amount with that under sunlight condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deuk-Yeong Lee
- Department
of Agricultural Chemistry, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21
plus), Institutes of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Kang
- Department
of Agricultural Chemistry, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21
plus), Institutes of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seong Kim
- Department
of Agricultural Chemistry, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21
plus), Institutes of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Bae
- Department
of Agricultural Chemistry, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21
plus), Institutes of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng-Lim Lee
- Department
of Agricultural Chemistry, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21
plus), Institutes of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - HanGyeol Lee
- Division
of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Duck Seo
- Division
of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Sin Jang
- Department
of Agricultural Chemistry, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21
plus), Institutes of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyo Kim
- Department
of Agricultural Chemistry, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21
plus), Institutes of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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3
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Monteiro LM, Klider LM, Marques AAM, Farago PV, Emiliano J, Souza RIC, dos Santos AC, dos Santos VLP, Wang M, Cassemiro NS, Silva DB, Khan IA, Gasparotto Junior A, Manfron J. The Cardiorenal Effects of Piper amalago Are Mediated by the Nitric Oxide/Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Pathway and the Voltage-Dependent Potassium Channels. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1630. [PMID: 38004495 PMCID: PMC10675251 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Piper amalago L. is used in Brazilian traditional medicine to treat inflammation, chest pain, and anxiety. This study aimed to investigate the safety and the renal and cardiovascular effects of the volatile oil (VO) and the aqueous (AE) and hydroalcoholic (HE) extracts from P. amalago. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses identified 47 compounds in the VO, with β-cyclogermacrene, spathulenol, β-phellandrene, and α-pinene standing out. Among the 47 compounds also found in AE and HE by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, glycosylated flavones, organic acids, amino acids, and amides were highlighted. Some examples of these compounds are methoxy-methylenedioxy cis-cinnamoyl pyrrolidine, methoxy-methylenedioxy trans-cinnamoyl pyrrolidine, and cyclobutene-2,4-bis-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-methoxy-6-yl)-1,3-dicarboxapyrrolidide. The acute toxicity experiments were conducted on female rats (n = 5). The cardiorenal assays (n = 8) and evaluations of vasodilatory effects on the mesenteric vascular bed (n = 5) were conducted on male rats. In either extract or VO, there were no mortality or changes in relative weights or histopathological analysis of the organs. Urinary volume and renal electrolyte excretion were elevated significantly during repeated dose 7-day treatment with different preparations from P. amalago. None of the preparations induced hypotension or changes in cardiac electrical activity. Only HE promoted significant vasodilatory effects in rats' isolated mesenteric vascular beds. These effects were completely abolished in the presence of L-NAME plus 4-aminopyridine. Therefore, P. amalago leaves are safe and present diuretic activity after acute and repeated dose administration over 7 days. Moreover, the HE induced significant vasodilator response in rats' mesenteric vascular beds by NO/cGMP pathway and voltage-dependent K+ channels activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane M. Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil; (L.M.M.); (L.M.K.); (P.V.F.); (J.M.)
| | - Lislaine M. Klider
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil; (L.M.M.); (L.M.K.); (P.V.F.); (J.M.)
| | - Aline A. M. Marques
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, MS, Brazil; (A.A.M.M.); (R.I.C.S.); (A.C.d.S.)
| | - Paulo V. Farago
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil; (L.M.M.); (L.M.K.); (P.V.F.); (J.M.)
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Janaína Emiliano
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry (LaPNEM), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition (FACFAN), University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79080-190, MS, Brazil; (J.E.); (N.S.C.); (D.B.S.)
| | - Roosevelt I. C. Souza
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, MS, Brazil; (A.A.M.M.); (R.I.C.S.); (A.C.d.S.)
| | - Ariany C. dos Santos
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, MS, Brazil; (A.A.M.M.); (R.I.C.S.); (A.C.d.S.)
| | - Vera L. P. dos Santos
- School of Health, Environment, Sustainability and Humanity, Uninter International University Center, Curitiba 80020-110, PR, Brazil;
| | - Mei Wang
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Nadla S. Cassemiro
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry (LaPNEM), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition (FACFAN), University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79080-190, MS, Brazil; (J.E.); (N.S.C.); (D.B.S.)
| | - Denise B. Silva
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry (LaPNEM), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition (FACFAN), University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79080-190, MS, Brazil; (J.E.); (N.S.C.); (D.B.S.)
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, MS, Brazil; (A.A.M.M.); (R.I.C.S.); (A.C.d.S.)
| | - Jane Manfron
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil; (L.M.M.); (L.M.K.); (P.V.F.); (J.M.)
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;
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4
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Saied DB, Farag MA. How does maturity stage affect seeds metabolome via UPLC/MS based molecular networking and chemometrics and in relation to antioxidant effect? A case study in 4 major cereals and legumes. Food Chem 2023; 426:136491. [PMID: 37307742 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Legumes and cereals as staple food are typically consumed at mature stage, though also consumed at earlier stages. UPLC/MS based molecular networking and chemometrics were employed for the first time to address metabolome composition heterogeneity amongst seeds in the context of their maturity stages. The study included 4 major cereal and leguminous seeds of different species, and cultivars i.e., Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, Vicia faba and Cicer arietinum. 146 Metabolites from various classes were identified of which several are first time to be reported. Supervised OPLS model of all datasets revealed that sugars and oxylipids were dominant in mature and immature seeds, respectively. DPPH and FRAP assays were assessed for differential secondary metabolites' correlation. Results were attributed to flavonoids, oxylipids, and amino acids/peptides. Mature barley seeds possessed the strongest antioxidant activity among examined seeds. This study provides novel insights on seeds' maturation process in context to holistic metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa B Saied
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
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5
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Eid O, Elkady WM, Ezzat S, El Sayed A, Abd Elsattar E. Comprehensive Overview: The Effect of Using Different Solvents for Barley Extraction with Its Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200935. [PMID: 36730630 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the world's oldest cereal crops. There is considerable interest in barley's potential usage in human diets. Barley is rich in bioactive metabolites such as high content of β-glucan, fiber, and vitamin E. It is also well-known as a rich source of phytochemical derivatives, namely, phenolic acids, flavonols, chalcones, flavones, proanthocyanidins, and flavanones. Phenolic compounds are recognized as excellent dietary materials with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This review was written to give an overview of the main components that are separated from barley using different solvents. Even though there were numerous biological activities for barely, the antioxidant, as well as the anti-inflammatory, are the main focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omneya Eid
- Department of Pharmacognosy and medicinal plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, 12311, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wafaa M Elkady
- Department of Pharmacognosy and medicinal plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, 12311, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shahira Ezzat
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Science and Arts (MSA), 6th October, 12451, Egypt
| | - Abeer El Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Essam Abd Elsattar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Saied DB, Ramadan NS, El-Sayed MM, Farag MA. Effect of Maturity Stage on Cereal and Leguminous Seeds' Metabolome as Analyzed Using Gas Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Chemometric Tools. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020163. [PMID: 36837782 PMCID: PMC9960208 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereal and leguminous seeds are considered as major generic dietary source of energy, carbohydrates as well as proteins in the Mediterranean diet and are frequently consumed in their immature form in several regions including the Middle East. Hence, the current study aimed to assess metabolites' heterogeneity amongst five major cereal and leguminous seeds of different species, and cultivars, i.e., Triticum aestivum L. (two cultivars), Hordeum vulgare L., Vicia faba L. and Cicer arietinum L., at different maturity stages. Gas chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis using multivariate data analyses was employed for nutrient profiling and sample segregation assessed using chemometric tools, respectively. A total of 70 peaks belonging to sugars, fatty acids/esters, steroids, amino acids and organic acids were identified including sucrose, melibiose, glucose and fructose as major sugars, with butyl caprylate, hydroxybutanoic acid and malic acid contributing to the discrimination between seed species at different maturity stages. The investigation of total protein content revealed comparable protein levels amongst all examined seeds with the highest level detected at 20.1% w/w in mature fava bean. Results of this study provide a novel insight on cereal and leguminous seeds' metabolomics in the context of their maturity stages for the first time in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa B. Saied
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Nehal S. Ramadan
- Chemistry of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Magdy M. El-Sayed
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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7
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Lee H, Yeong Yang J, Eun Ra J, Ahn HJ, Ja Lee M, Young Kim H, Song SY, Hyun Kim D, Hwan Lee J, Duck Seo W. Elucidation of phenolic metabolites in wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.) by NMR and HPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS: Changes in isolated phenolics and antioxidant effects through diverse growth times. Food Chem X 2022; 17:100557. [PMID: 36845481 PMCID: PMC9943761 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The current research was characterized on phenolic metabolite profile including six chemical structures (phenolic acid, luteolin, orientin, apigenin, isoscoparin, and tricin) in wheat seedlings using HPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS and NMR techniques. Our study was also was the first to demonstrate fluctuations of isolated nine phenolic contents and antioxidant properties in various cultivars of this species with different growth times. The antioxidant abilities differed significantly in the 80 % methanol extracts (600 μg/mL) according to cultivar and growth time, with the highest average activities (DPPH: 82 %; ABTS: 87 %) observed after 7 days. The isolated nine compositions exhibited considerable differences in cultivars and growth times, specifically, isoorientin (6) and isochaftoside (8) were observed the most abundant average contents (99.3; 64.3 mg/100 g), representing approximately 28.3 and 18.3 % (total content: 350.8 mg/100 g). Their total phenolics showed the highest rates (420.8 mg/100 g) at 7 days, followed by 9 → 5 → 12 → 14 days with 374.6 → 366.7 → 350.7 → 241.1 mg/100 g, as the rank orders of antioxidant effects. These findings suggest that wheat seedlings may be a potent source of functional agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- HanGyeol Lee
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jellabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeong Yang
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jellabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Ra
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jellabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jae Ahn
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jellabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ja Lee
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jellabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jellabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeob Song
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jellabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Du Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Resources Industry, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Lee
- Department of Life Resources Industry, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors.
| | - Woo Duck Seo
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jellabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors.
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8
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Mutations in Rht-B1 Locus May Negatively Affect Frost Tolerance in Bread Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147969. [PMID: 35887316 PMCID: PMC9324540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The wheat semi-dwarfing genes Rht (Reduced height) are widely distributed among the contemporary wheat varieties. These genes also exert pleiotropic effects on plant tolerance towards various abiotic stressors. In this work, frost tolerance was studied in three near-isogenic lines of the facultative variety ‘April Bearded’ (AB), carrying the wild type allele Rht-B1a (tall phenotype), and the mutant alleles Rht-B1b (semi-dwarf) and Rht-B1c (dwarf), and was further compared with the tolerance of a typical winter type variety, ‘Mv Beres’. The level of freezing tolerance was decreasing in the order ‘Mv Beres’ > AB Rht-B1a > AB Rht-B1b > AB Rht-B1c. To explain the observed differences, cold acclimation-related processes were studied: the expression of six cold-related genes, the phenylpropanoid pathway, carbohydrates, amino acids, polyamines and compounds in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. To achieve this, a comprehensive approach was applied, involving targeted analyses and untargeted metabolomics screening with the help of gas chromatography/liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry setups. Several cold-related processes exhibited similar changes in these genotypes; indeed, the accumulation of eight putrescine and agmatine derivatives, 17 flavones and numerous oligosaccharides (max. degree of polymerization 18) was associated with the level of freezing tolerance in the ‘April Bearded’ lines. In summary, the mutant Rht alleles may further decrease the generally low frost tolerance of the Rht-B1a, and, based on the metabolomics study, the mechanisms of frost tolerance may differ for a typical winter variety and a facultative variety. Present results point to the complex nature of frost resistance.
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9
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Comparative Analysis of Policosanols Related to Growth Times from the Seedlings of Various Korean Oat (Avena sativa L.) Cultivars and Screening for Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Activation. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11141844. [PMID: 35890478 PMCID: PMC9323369 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this research were to evaluate the policosanol profiles and adenosine-5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) properties in the seedlings of Korean oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars at different growth times. Nine policosanols in the silylated hexane extracts were detected using GC-MS and their contents showed considerable differences; specifically, hexacosanol (6) exhibited the highest composition, constituting 88–91% of the total average content. Moreover, the average hexacosanol (6) contents showed remarkable variations of 337.8 (5 days) → 416.8 (7 days) → 458.9 (9 days) → 490.0 (11 days) → 479.2 (13 days) → 427.0 mg/100 g (15 days). The seedlings collected at 11 days showed the highest average policosanol content (541.7 mg/100 g), with the lowest content being 383.4 mg/100 g after 5 days. Interestingly, policosanols from oat seedlings grown for 11 days induced the most prevalent phenotype of AMPK activation in HepG2 cells, indicating that policosanols are an excellent AMPK activator.
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10
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Comparison of physicochemical characteristics and biological activities of polysaccharides from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grass at different growth stages. Food Chem 2022; 389:133083. [PMID: 35487082 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Barley grass polysaccharides (BGPs) are some of the major bioactive constituents of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grass (BG). They exhibit favorable biological activities and health benefits. In this study, seven BGPs were extracted from BG, which was harvested at three different growth stages (e.g., seedling, tillering, and stem elongation), by alkaline-extraction method. Their physicochemical properties, structural characteristics, and biological activities were investigated and compared. Results demonstrated that the extraction yields, chemical compositions, monosaccharide constituents, and molecular weights of the seven BGPs obtained at different growth stages varied obviously. These BGPs had similar preliminary structural characteristics but different microstructures and thermal properties. Furthermore, the BGPs (BGP-Z12 and BGP-Z21) obtained at the seedling stage possessed stronger in vitro antioxidant potentials, cholic acid binding activity, and immunological activity than other BGPs. Therefore, these results indicated that that the seedling stage of BG was the preferable harvest time for preparing highly bioactive BGPs.
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11
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Yan JK, Chen TT, Chen X, Liu Y, Liu C, Li L. Assessing the product quality and biological activities of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grasses at different harvest times. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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12
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Woo SY, Yang JY, Lee H, Ahn HJ, Lee YB, Do SH, Kim JY, Seo WD. Changes in metabolites with harvest times of seedlings of various Korean oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars and their neuraminidase inhibitory effects. Food Chem 2021; 373:131429. [PMID: 34731801 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oats and their seeds, stems, and leaves are approved for use as safe food ingredients. Oat seedlings are environmentally friendly and are becoming increasingly popular as they provide several health benefits. We used the UPLC-CAD to quantitatively analyze isolated compounds (1-11) between 15 cultivars of oat seedlings and their harvest time. Maximum average amount of total contents of isolated compounds was observed after the harvest time of 5 days (4711.3 mg/100 g), while the minimum was observed after the harvest time of 7 days (4184.8 mg/100 g). We demonstrated that all isolated compounds (1-11) showed neuraminidase inhibitory effects, with 6 and 7 being the most active with IC50 values of 3.7 and 20.5 µM, respectively. High content of compounds 6 and 7 was observed (2306.6 mg/100 g) in the Dahan cultivar at 9 days, indicating potential good cultivars with a high content of active compounds and neuraminidase inhibition activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeun Woo
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeong Yang
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - HanGyeol Lee
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Jae Ahn
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Bok Lee
- Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Do
- Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Yoon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo Duck Seo
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
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Niroula A, Khatri S, Khadka D, Timilsina R. Total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity profile of selected cereal sprouts and grasses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2019.1588297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Niroula
- Department of Food Technology, National College of Food Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Food Technology, Nagarik College, Tribhuvan University, Gaindakot, Nepal
| | - Sagar Khatri
- Department of Food Technology, National College of Food Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Dinesh Khadka
- Department of Food Technology, National College of Food Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rashika Timilsina
- Department of Food Technology, National College of Food Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
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14
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Anokwuru C, Sigidi M, Boukandou M, Tshisikhawe P, Traore A, Potgieter N. Antioxidant Activity and Spectroscopic Characteristics of Extractable and Non-Extractable Phenolics from Terminalia sericea Burch. ex DC. Molecules 2018; 23:E1303. [PMID: 29844261 PMCID: PMC6099621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of the extractable and non-extractable phenolics of Terminalia. Sericea Burch. Ex DC. Free, ester bound, ether or glycoside bound and insoluble phenolics were extracted from the fruit, leaves, stem, and root samples. Follin Ciocalteu was used to estimate the phenolic content while DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay was used to determine the antioxidant activity. The data obtained were subjected to multivariate analysis for relationships. The result indicated that the highest average total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities were found in the free (14.8 mgGAE/g; IC50 6.8 μg/mL) and ester bound (15.1 mgGAE/g; IC50 6.4 μg/mL) extractable phenolics. There was a strong negative correlation between TPC and DPPH (r = -0.828). Agglomerative hierarchical clustering revealed three clusters. Cluster one contained the insoluble and glycoside phenolics while cluster 2 contained only free phenolic acid of the root. The third cluster was predominantly free and ester bound phenolic extracts. The principal component analysis score plot indicated two major clusters with factor 1 (F1) explaining 61% of the variation. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy spectra indicated that gallic acid and resveratrol are the major phenolic compounds present in the root. This study has demonstrated that extractable phenolics contributed more to the antioxidant activities compared to the non-extractables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinedu Anokwuru
- Chemistry Department, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, 0950 Thohoyandou, South Africa.
| | - Muendi Sigidi
- Microbiology Department, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, 0950 Thohoyandou, South Africa.
| | - Marlaine Boukandou
- Microbiology Department, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, 0950 Thohoyandou, South Africa.
| | - Peter Tshisikhawe
- Botany Department, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, 0950 Thohoyandou, South Africa.
| | - Afsatou Traore
- Microbiology Department, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, 0950 Thohoyandou, South Africa.
| | - Natasha Potgieter
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, 0950 Thohoyandou, South Africa.
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15
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Hajji T, Mansouri S, Vecino-Bello X, Cruz-Freire JM, Rezgui S, Ferchichi A. Identification and characterization of phenolic compounds extracted from barley husks by LC-MS and antioxidant activity in vitro. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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16
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Preventive and Therapeutic Role of Functional Ingredients of Barley Grass for Chronic Diseases in Human Beings. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3232080. [PMID: 29849880 PMCID: PMC5904770 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3232080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Barley grass powder is the best functional food that provides nutrition and eliminates toxins from cells in human beings; however, its functional ingredients have played an important role as health benefit. In order to better cognize the preventive and therapeutic role of barley grass for chronic diseases, we carried out the systematic strategies for functional ingredients of barley grass, based on the comprehensive databases, especially the PubMed, Baidu, ISI Web of Science, and CNKI, between 2008 and 2017. Barley grass is rich in functional ingredients, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), flavonoids, saponarin, lutonarin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), K, Ca, Se, tryptophan, chlorophyll, vitamins (A, B1, C, and E), dietary fiber, polysaccharide, alkaloid, metallothioneins, and polyphenols. Barley grass promotes sleep; has antidiabetic effect; regulates blood pressure; enhances immunity; protects liver; has anti-acne/detoxifying and antidepressant effects; improves gastrointestinal function; has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and antigout effects; reduces hyperuricemia; prevents hypoxia, cardiovascular diseases, fatigue, and constipation; alleviates atopic dermatitis; is a calcium supplement; improves cognition; and so on. These results support that barley grass may be one of the best functional foods for preventive chronic diseases and the best raw material of modern diet structure in promoting the development of large health industry and further reveal that GABA, flavonoids, SOD, K-Ca, vitamins, and tryptophan mechanism of barley grass have preventive and therapeutic role for chronic diseases. This paper can be used as a scientific evidence for developing functional foods and novel drugs for barley grass for preventive chronic diseases.
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Lee YH, Kim B, Hwang SR, Kim K, Lee JH. Rapid characterization of metabolites in soybean using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS) and screening for α-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant properties through different solvent systems. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:277-291. [PMID: 29389565 PMCID: PMC9332657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This work was the first to investigate on the simultaneous characterization of metabolite profiles in soybean using UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Twenty two compositions were observed within 14 min from the methanol extract and confirmed as twelve isoflavones of three types and ten soyasaponins (Ab, Af, I-III, αg, βg, βa, γg, and γa). Moreover, the patterns of two chemicals showed considerable differences in seven solvent systems by HPLC analysis and their optimal extraction was achieved by 70% methanol (isoflavone: 4102.69 μg/g; soyasaponin: ten peaks). The second abundant isoflavones were detected in 50% methanol (4054.39 μg/g), followed by 30% methanol, 100% methanol, 10% methanol, CH2Cl2, and acetone extracts with 3134.03, 2979.49, 1681.33, 366.19, and 119.00 μg/g, respectively. Soyasaponins exhibited similar tendencies as those of isoflavones. The highest total phenolic was found as 2.10 ± 0.05 mg GAE/g in 70% methanol with remarkable differences by comparing other extracts. Specifically, this extract showed potent α-glucosidase inhibitory (81%) and antioxidant capacities (DPPH: 93% and ABTS: 95%) at a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. Our results may be contributed to enhancing the value to functional foods and evaluating the secondary metabolites concern to antioxidant properties using solvent system in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Hee Lee
- Division of Research Development and Education, National Institute of Chemical Safety (NICS), Ministry of Environment, Daejeon, 34111,
Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504,
Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyeong Kim
- Division of Research Development and Education, National Institute of Chemical Safety (NICS), Ministry of Environment, Daejeon, 34111,
Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ryul Hwang
- Division of Research Development and Education, National Institute of Chemical Safety (NICS), Ministry of Environment, Daejeon, 34111,
Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun Kim
- Division of Research Development and Education, National Institute of Chemical Safety (NICS), Ministry of Environment, Daejeon, 34111,
Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Lee
- Division of Research Development and Education, National Institute of Chemical Safety (NICS), Ministry of Environment, Daejeon, 34111,
Republic of Korea
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