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Zheng LJ, Chen WX, Zheng SH, Ullah I, Zheng HD, Fan LH, Guo Q. Biosynthesis of nonnutritive monosaccharide d-allulose by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli from nutritive disaccharide sucrose. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024. [PMID: 39258327 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Sucrose is a commonly utilized nutritive sweetener in food and beverages due to its abundance in nature and low production costs. However, excessive intake of sucrose increases the risk of metabolic disorders, including diabetes and obesity. Therefore, there is a growing demand for the development of nonnutritive sweeteners with almost no calories. d-Allulose is an ultra-low-calorie, rare six-carbon monosaccharide with high sweetness, making it an ideal alternative to sucrose. In this study, we developed a cell factory for d-allulose production from sucrose using Escherichia coli JM109 (DE3) as a chassis host. The genes cscA, cscB, cscK, alsE, and a6PP were co-expressed for the construction of the synthesis pathway. Then, the introduction of ptsG-F and knockout of ptsG, fruA, ptsI, and ptsH to reprogram sugar transport pathways resulted in an improvement in substrate utilization. Next, the carbon fluxes of the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas and the pentose phosphate pathways were regulated by the inactivation of pfkA and zwf, achieving an increase in d-allulose titer and yield of 154.2% and 161.1%, respectively. Finally, scaled-up fermentation was performed in a 5 L fermenter. The titer of d-allulose reached 11.15 g/L, with a yield of 0.208 g/g on sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Jie Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Xiang Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang-He Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Irfan Ullah
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Dong Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hai Fan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Guo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
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Molonia MS, Salamone FL, Speciale A, Saija A, Cimino F. D-Allulose Reduces Hypertrophy and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induced by Palmitic Acid in Murine 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4059. [PMID: 38612868 PMCID: PMC11012259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural rare sugars are an alternative category of sweeteners with positive physiologic and metabolic effects both in in vitro and animal models. D-allulose is a D-fructose epimer that combines 70% sucrose sweetness with the advantage of an extremely low energy content. However, there are no data about the effect of D-allulose against adipose dysfunction; thus, it remains to be confirmed whether D-allulose is useful in the prevention and in treatment of adipose tissue alterations. With this aim, we evaluated D-allulose's preventive effects on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 murine adipocytes exposed to palmitic acid (PA), a trigger for hypertrophic adipocytes. D-allulose in place of glucose prevented adipocyte hypertrophy and the activation of adipogenic markers C/EBP-β and PPARγ induced by high PA concentrations. Additionally, D-allulose pretreatment inhibited the NF-κB pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by PA, through activation of the Nrf2 pathway. Interestingly, these effects were also observed as D-allulose post PA treatment. Although our data need to be confirmed through in vivo models, our findings suggest that incorporating D-allulose as a glucose substitute in the diet might have a protective role in adipocyte function and support a unique mechanism of action in this sugar as a preventive or therapeutic compound against PA lipotoxicity through the modulation of pathways connected to lipid transport and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sofia Molonia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.S.M.); (F.L.S.); (A.S.); (F.C.)
- “Prof. Antonio Imbesi” Foundation, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Lina Salamone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.S.M.); (F.L.S.); (A.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.S.M.); (F.L.S.); (A.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Antonella Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.S.M.); (F.L.S.); (A.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.S.M.); (F.L.S.); (A.S.); (F.C.)
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3
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Guo Q, Zhang YX, Zheng LJ, Zhang MJ, Zheng SH, Chen WX, Fan LH, Zheng HD. Transporter mining and metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for high-level D-allulose production from D-fructose by thermo-swing fermentation. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300085. [PMID: 37789647 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
D-Allulose is an ultra-low-calorie sweetener with broad market prospects in the fields of food, beverage, health care, and medicine. The fermentative synthesis of D-allulose is still under development and considered as an ideal route to replace enzymatic approaches for large-scale production of D-allulose in the future. Generally, D-allulose is synthesized from D-fructose through Izumoring epimerization. This biological reaction is reversible, and a high temperature is beneficial to the conversion of D-fructose. Mild cell growth conditions seriously limit the efficiency of producing D-allulose through fermentation. FryABC permease was identified to be responsible for the transport of D-allulose in Escherichia coli by comparative transcriptomic analysis. A cell factory was then developed by expression of ptsG-F, dpe, and deletion of fryA, fruA, manXYZ, mak, and galE. The results show that the newly engineered E. coli was able to produce 32.33 ± 1.33 g L-1 of D-allulose through a unique thermo-swing fermentation process, with a yield of 0.94 ± 0.01 g g-1 on D-fructose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Xing Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Jie Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Jun Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang-He Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Xiang Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hai Fan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Dong Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
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Tan JH, Chen A, Bi J, Lim YH, Wong FT, Ow DSW. The Engineering, Expression, and Immobilization of Epimerases for D-allulose Production. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12703. [PMID: 37628886 PMCID: PMC10454905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The rare sugar D-allulose is a potential replacement for sucrose with a wide range of health benefits. Conventional production involves the employment of the Izumoring strategy, which utilises D-allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase) or D-psicose 3-epimerase (DPEase) to convert D-fructose into D-allulose. Additionally, the process can also utilise D-tagatose 3-epimerase (DTEase). However, the process is not efficient due to the poor thermotolerance of the enzymes and low conversion rates between the sugars. This review describes three newly identified DAEases that possess desirable properties for the industrial-scale manufacturing of D-allulose. Other methods used to enhance process efficiency include the engineering of DAEases for improved thermotolerance or acid resistance, the utilization of Bacillus subtilis for the biosynthesis of D-allulose, and the immobilization of DAEases to enhance its activity, half-life, and stability. All these research advancements improve the yield of D-allulose, hence closing the gap between the small-scale production and industrial-scale manufacturing of D-allulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hao Tan
- Microbial Cell Bioprocessing, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138668, Singapore;
| | - Anqi Chen
- Chemical Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138665, Singapore; (A.C.); (F.T.W.)
| | - Jiawu Bi
- Molecular Engineering Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore;
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Yee Hwee Lim
- Chemical Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138665, Singapore; (A.C.); (F.T.W.)
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Fong Tian Wong
- Chemical Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138665, Singapore; (A.C.); (F.T.W.)
- Molecular Engineering Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore;
| | - Dave Siak-Wei Ow
- Microbial Cell Bioprocessing, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138668, Singapore;
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Sun Q, Wang Y, Cai Q, Pang T, Lan W, Li L. Comparative analysis of lipid components in fresh Crassostrea Hongkongensis (raw) and its dried products by using high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC/Q-TOF-MS). Front Nutr 2023; 10:1123636. [PMID: 36969805 PMCID: PMC10037998 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1123636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipids of the oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) have a special physiological activity function, which is essential to maintain human health. However, comprehensive research on their lipids species and metabolism is not so common. In our study, based on the high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (HPLC/Q-TOF-MS), the non-targeted lipidomics research of Crassostrea hongkongensis fresh and dried products was determined. Meanwhile, we analyzed its lipid outline, screened the differences between the lipid molecules of Crassostrea hongkongensis fresh and dried products, and determined the lipid metabolic pathway. Results showed that 1,523 lipid molecules were detected, in which polyunsaturated fatty acids mostly existed in such lipids as phosphoglyceride. Through the multivariate statistical analysis, according to the conditions of P < 0.05, FC > 2 or FC < 0.05, and VIP > 1.2, 239 different lipid molecules were selected, including 37 fatty acids (FA), 60 glycerol phospholipids (GP), 20 glycerin (GL), 38 sheath lipids (SP), 31 steroid lipids (ST), 36 polyethylene (PK), and 17 progesterone lipids (PR). Combined with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), the differential lipid molecules were analyzed to mainly determine the role of the glycerin phospholipid metabolic pathway. As a whole, the results of this study provide the theoretical basis for the high-value utilization of oysters and are helpful to the development of oysters' physiological activity functions and deep utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunzhao Sun
- Guangxi College and University Key Laboratory of High-Value Utilization of Seafood and Prepared Food in Beibu Gulf, College of Food Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China
- College of Marine Science, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China
| | - Yunru Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuxing Cai
- Guangxi College and University Key Laboratory of High-Value Utilization of Seafood and Prepared Food in Beibu Gulf, College of Food Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, National R&D Center for Aquatic Product Processing, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiuxing Cai
| | - Tingcai Pang
- Guangxi College and University Key Laboratory of High-Value Utilization of Seafood and Prepared Food in Beibu Gulf, College of Food Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China
| | - Weibing Lan
- Guangxi College and University Key Laboratory of High-Value Utilization of Seafood and Prepared Food in Beibu Gulf, College of Food Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China
| | - Laihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, National R&D Center for Aquatic Product Processing, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Laihao Li
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6
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Zhang W, Wei M, Sun X, Lu F, Guan L, Mao S, Qin HM. Fine-Tuning of Carbon Flux and Artificial Promoters in Bacillus subtilis Enables High-Level Biosynthesis of d-Allulose. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13935-13944. [PMID: 36278912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
d-Allulose is an attractive rare sugar that can be used as a low-calorie sweetener with significant health benefits. To meet the increasing market demands, it is necessary to develop an efficient and extensive microbial fermentation platform for the synthesis of d-allulose. Here, we applied a comprehensive systematic engineering strategy in Bacillus subtilis WB600 by introducing d-allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase), combined with the deactivation of fruA, levDEFG, and gmuE, to balance the metabolic network for the efficient production of d-allulose. This resulting strain initially produced 3.24 g/L of d-allulose with a yield of 0.93 g of d-allulose/g d-fructose. We further screened and obtained a suitable dual promoter combination and performed fine-tuning of its spacer region. After 64 h of fed-batch fermentation, the optimized engineered B. subtilis produced d-allulose at titers of 74.2 g/L with a yield of 0.93 g/g and a conversion rate of 27.6%. This d-allulose production strain is a promising platform for the industrial production of rare sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Meijing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Guan
- Institute of Food Processing, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Shuhong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Min Qin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
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7
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Wen X, Ning Y, Lin H, Ren Y, Li C, Liu Y, Zhang C, Lin J, Lin J. d-Allulose (d-psicose) biotransformation from d-glucose, separation by simulated moving bed chromatography (SMBC) and purification by crystallization. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Improved thermostability of D-allulose 3-epimerase from Clostridium bolteae ATCC BAA-613 by proline residue substitution. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 199:106145. [PMID: 35863720 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
d-allulose, a rare sugar that is scarce in nature, exerts several beneficial effects and has commercial potential. d-allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase) plays a vital role in catalyzing the isomerization from d-fructose to d-allulose. However, the industrial application of DAEase for d-allulose production is hindered by its poor long-term thermostability. In the present research, we introduced a proline residue (i) to restrict its spatial conformation and (ii) to reduce the entropy of the unfolded state of DAEase. The t1/2 value of the double-site Clostridium bolteae DAEase mutant Cb-51P/89P was prolonged to 58 min at 55 °C, a 2.32-fold increase compared with wild-type DAEase. The manipulation did not cause obvious changes in the enzymatic properties, including optimum pH, optimal temperature, optimum metal ion, and enzymatic activity. As the accumulation of multiple small effects through proline substitution could dramatically improve the thermostability of the mutant protein, our method to improve the thermostability while roughly retaining the original enzymatic properties is promising.
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Parıldı E, Kola O, Özcan BD, Akkaya MR, Dikkaya E. Recombinant D‐tagatose 3‐epimerase production and converting fructose into allulose. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erva Parıldı
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University Sarıçam Turkey
| | - Osman Kola
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University Sarıçam Turkey
| | - Bahri Devrim Özcan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture Çukurova University Sarıçam Turkey
| | - Murat Reis Akkaya
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University Sarıçam Turkey
| | - Elif Dikkaya
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture Çukurova University Sarıçam Turkey
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10
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Wen X, Lin H, Ning Y, Liu G, Ren Y, Li C, Zhang C, Lin J, Song X, Lin J. D-Allulose (D-Psicose) Biotransformation From Allitol by a Newly Found NAD(P)-Dependent Alcohol Dehydrogenase From Gluconobacter frateurii NBRC 3264 and the Enzyme Characterization. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:870168. [PMID: 35547110 PMCID: PMC9083112 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.870168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The NAD(P)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene was cloned from Gluconobacter frateurii NBRC 3264 and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 star (DE3). The expressed enzyme was purified and the characteristics were investigated. The results showed that this ADH can convert allitol into D-allulose (D-psicose), which is the first reported enzyme with this catalytic ability. The optimum temperature and pH of this enzyme were 50°C and pH 7.0, respectively, and the enzyme showed a maximal activity in the presence of Co2+. At 1 mM Co2+ and allitol concentrations of 50, 150, and 250 mM, the D-allulose yields of 97, 56, and 38%, respectively, were obtained after reaction for 4 h under optimal conditions, which were much higher than that obtained by using the epimerase method of about 30%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huibin Lin
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuhang Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yilin Ren
- Qingdao Longding Biotech Limited Company, Qingdao, China
| | - Can Li
- School of Biological Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Chengjia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianqun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianqiang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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11
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Chen Z, Gao XD, Li Z. Recent Advances Regarding the Physiological Functions and Biosynthesis of D-Allulose. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:881037. [PMID: 35495640 PMCID: PMC9048046 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.881037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
D-Allulose, a generally regarded as safe (GRAS) sugar, is rare in nature. It is among the most promising sweeteners for future use due to its low caloric content, sucrose-like taste, and unique functions. D-Allulose has many physiological effects, such as antiobesity, antihyperglycemia, antidiabetes, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. Therefore, D-allulose has important application value in the food, pharmaceutical, and healthcare industries. However, the high cost of D-allulose production limits its large-scale application. Currently, biotransformation is very attractive for D-allulose synthesis, with the two main methods of biosynthesis being the Izumoring strategy and the DHAP-dependent aldolase strategy. This article reviews recent advances regarding the physiological functions and biosynthesis of D-allulose. In addition, future perspectives on the production of D-allulose are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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12
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Niibo M, Kanasaki A, Iida T, Ohnishi K, Ozaki T, Akimitsu K, Minamino T. d-allulose protects against diabetic nephropathy progression in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats with type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263300. [PMID: 35100325 PMCID: PMC8803202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
d-allulose is a rare sugar that has been reported to possess anti-hyperglycemic effects. In the present study, we hypothesized that d-allulose is effective in attenuating the progression of diabetic nephropathy in the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drinking water with or without 3% d-allulose was administered to OLETF rats for 13 weeks. Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka rats that received drinking water without d-allulose were used as non-diabetic control rats. d-allulose significantly attenuated the increase in blood glucose levels and progressive mesangial expansion in the glomerulus, which is regarded as a characteristic of diabetic nephropathy, in OLETF rats. d-allulose also attenuated the significant increases in renal IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA levels in OLETF rats, which is a proinflammatory parameter. Additionally, we showed that d-allulose suppresses mesangial matrix expansion, but its correlation with suppressing renal inflammation in OLETF rats should be investigated further. Collectively, our results support the hypothesis that d-allulose can prevent diabetic nephropathy in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Niibo
- Research and Development, Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, Itami City, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Akane Kanasaki
- Research and Development, Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, Itami City, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Iida
- Research and Development, Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, Itami City, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ohnishi
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Taro Ozaki
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuya Akimitsu
- International Institute of Rare Sugar Research and Education & Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Minamino
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
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13
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Guo Q, Zheng LJ, Luo X, Gao XQ, Liu CY, Deng L, Fan LH, Zheng HD. Engineering Escherichia coli for d-Allulose Production from d-Fructose by Fermentation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13578-13585. [PMID: 34736320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
d-Allulose is considered an ideal alternative to sucrose and has shown tremendous application potential in many fields. Recently, most efforts on production of d-allulose have focused on in vitro enzyme-catalyzed epimerization of cheap hexoses. Here, we proposed an approach to efficiently produce d-allulose through fermentation using metabolically engineered Escherichia coli JM109 (DE3), in which a SecY (ΔP) channel and a d-allulose 3-epimerase (DPEase) were co-expressed, ensuring that d-fructose could be transported in its nonphosphorylated form and then converted into d-allulose by cells. Further deletion of fruA, manXYZ, mak, galE, and fruK and the use of Ni2+ in a medium limited the carbon flux flowing into the byproduct-generating pathways and the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway, achieving a ≈ 0.95 g/g yield of d-allulose on d-fructose using E. coli (DPEase, SecY [ΔP], ΔFruA, ΔManXYZ, ΔMak, ΔGalE, ΔFruK) and 8 μM Ni2+. In fed-batch fermentation, the titer of d-allulose reached ≈23.3 g/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Jie Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Luo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Quan Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Yang Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Deng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hai Fan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Dong Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, People's Republic of China
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14
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Smith A, Avery A, Ford R, Yang Q, Goux A, Mukherjee I, Neville DCA, Jethwa P. Rare sugars: metabolic impacts and mechanisms of action: a scoping review. Br J Nutr 2021; 128:1-18. [PMID: 34505561 PMCID: PMC9343225 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521003524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Food manufacturers are under increasing pressure to limit the amount of free sugars in their products. Many have reformulated products to replace sucrose, glucose and fructose with alternative sweeteners, but some of these have been associated with additional health concerns. Rare sugars are 'monosaccharides and their derivatives that hardly exist in nature', and there is increasing evidence that they could have health benefits. This review aimed to scope the existing literature in order to identify the most commonly researched rare sugars, to ascertain their proposed health benefits, mechanisms of action and potential uses and to highlight knowledge gaps. A process of iterative database searching identified fifty-five relevant articles. The reported effects of rare sugars were noted, along with details of the research methodologies conducted. Our results indicated that the most common rare sugars investigated are d-psicose and d-tagatose, with the potential health benefits divided into three topics: glycaemic control, body composition and CVD. All the rare sugars investigated have the potential to suppress postprandial elevation of blood glucose and improve glycaemic control in both human and animal models. Some animal studies have suggested that certain rare sugars may also improve lipid profiles, alter the gut microbiome and reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. The present review demonstrates that rare sugars could play a role in reducing the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes and/or CVD. However, understanding of the mechanisms by which rare sugars may exert their effects is limited, and their effectiveness when used in reformulated products is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Smith
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LoughboroughLE12 5RD, UK
| | - Amanda Avery
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LoughboroughLE12 5RD, UK
| | - Rebecca Ford
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LoughboroughLE12 5RD, UK
| | - Qian Yang
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LoughboroughLE12 5RD, UK
| | - Aurélie Goux
- Mondelēz International, Nutrition Research, 91400Saclay, France
| | | | | | - Preeti Jethwa
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LoughboroughLE12 5RD, UK
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15
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Kanasaki A, Niibo M, Iida T. Effect of D-allulose feeding on the hepatic metabolomics profile in male Wistar rats. Food Funct 2021; 12:3931-3938. [PMID: 33977954 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03024d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rare sugar d-allulose is a C-3 epimer of d-fructose and is known to have several health benefits such as anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects through the alteration of enzymatic and genetic expressions in each organ. Most of the ingested d-allulose is absorbed in the small intestine and then rapidly excreted in the urine. As d-allulose was reported to be present in the liver before it is excreted, d-allulose may modulate some hepatic metabolites including glucose and lipid metabolism. Therefore, we investigated the hepatic metabolomics profile in rats after feeding d-allulose to study the overall alteration of hepatic metabolism. Wistar rats were fed an AIN-93G diet with/without 3% d-allulose for 4 weeks. Their liver samples were then collected and subjected to metabolomics analysis using CE-TOFMS and LC-TOFMS. The results showed that d-allulose induced significant increases in 42 metabolites and significant decreases in 21 metabolites. In particular, we found at the substance levels that d-allulose regulated metabolites involved in the metabolic pathways of fatty acid β-oxidation, cholesterol, and bile acid. In addition, this study newly showed the possibility that d-allulose alters glucuronic acid/xylulose pathways. In the future, we need more detailed research on the metabolomics profile of other organs related to these pathways for a comprehensive understanding of d-allulose functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Kanasaki
- Research and Development, Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, 5-3 Kita-Itami, Itami City, Hyogo 664-8508, Japan.
| | - Misato Niibo
- Research and Development, Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, 5-3 Kita-Itami, Itami City, Hyogo 664-8508, Japan.
| | - Tetsuo Iida
- Research and Development, Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, 5-3 Kita-Itami, Itami City, Hyogo 664-8508, Japan.
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16
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Moon S, Kim YH, Choi K. Inhibition of 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Differentiation by D-allulose. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0352-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Chen J, Huang W, Zhang T, Lu M, Jiang B. Anti-obesity potential of rare sugar d-psicose by regulating lipid metabolism in rats. Food Funct 2019; 10:2417-2425. [PMID: 30964474 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01089g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
d-Psicose is a new-generation sugar substitute with a low calorie count and can still offer the desirable sweetness. The objective of this study was to investigate the antiobesity potential of d-psicose and the possible mechanism using Wistar rats as the animal model. The animals were divided into five groups and supplemented with diets containing 5% of different carbohydrates, such as glucose, fructose, cellulose, d-psicose, and a control diet, for 4 weeks. After sacrifice, blood lipid profile, tissue morphology, and related genes participating in lipid metabolism were analyzed. The results indicated that the supplementation by d-psicose leads to minimum fat accumulation in rats when compared with the other carbohydrates. The blood lipid profile and antioxidative activity of the rat were also improved. d-Psicose can regulate lipid metabolism by increasing the lipid-metabolism-related enzymes such as SDH in serum and liver and HL in the liver. d-Psicose can prevent fat accumulation by suppressing the expression of lipogenesis-related gene ACCα and hepatic fatty acid uptake gene (FAS and SREBP-1c), while stimulating the expression for fatty-acid-oxidation-related gene including AMPK2α, HSL, and PPARα. In conclusion, d-psicose can be considered to be a healthy alternative to traditional sweeteners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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18
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ÖZGÜR M, UÇAR A. Karbonhidrat ve Yağ Metabolizmasında D-alluloz (D-psikoz). DÜZCE ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI ENSTITÜSÜ DERGISI 2019. [DOI: 10.33631/duzcesbed.469828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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