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Zhu X, Zhao L, Lei L, Zhu Y, Xu J, Liu L. Fecal microbiota transplantation ameliorates abdominal obesity through inhibiting microbiota-mediated intestinal barrier damage and inflammation in mice. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127654. [PMID: 38417203 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Abdominal obesity (AO), characterized by the excessive abdominal fat accumulation, has emerged as a significant public health concern due to its metabolic complications and escalating prevalence worldwide, posing a more pronounced threat to human health than general obesity. While certain studies have indicated that intestinal flora contributed to diet-induced general obesity, the precise involvement of gut microbiota in the development of AO, specifically the accumulation of abdominal fat, remains inadequately explored. In this study, the 16 S rDNA sequencing was employed to analyze gut flora alterations, and the intestinal microbiota dysbiosis characterized by a vanishing decline of Akkermansia was found in the AO group. Along with notable gut microbiota changes, the intestinal mucosal barrier damage and metabolic inflammation were detected, which collectively promoted metabolic dysregulation in AO. Furthermore, the metabolic inflammation and AO were ameliorated after the intestinal microbiota depletion with antibiotics (ABX) drinking, underscoring a significant involvement of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the progression of AO. More importantly, our findings demonstrated that the transplantation of healthy intestinal flora successfully reversed the gut microbiota dysbiosis, particularly the decline of Akkermansia in the AO group. The gut flora reshaping has led to the repair of gut barrier damage and mitigation of metabolic inflammation, which ultimately ameliorated abdominal fat deposition. Our study established the role of interactions between gut flora, mucus barrier, and metabolic inflammation in the development of AO, thereby offering a theoretical foundation for the clinical application of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as a treatment for AO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China; Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China; National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lijun Zhao
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China; National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Lei
- Central Laboratory, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China; Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China.
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Ferrara E, Cice D, Piccolella S, Esposito A, Petriccione M, Pacifico S. 'Sorrento' and 'Tulare' Walnut Cultivars: Morphological Traits and Phytochemical Enhancement of Their Shell Waste. Molecules 2024; 29:805. [PMID: 38398557 PMCID: PMC10893203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Walnut processing generates considerable quantities of by-products that could be reprocessed into value-added products that have food and non-food applications. In this context, the aim of this study is to characterize the 'Sorrento' and 'Tulare' walnut cultivars using the UPOV guidelines and analyze the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of their shells. Insight into the chemical composition of the different granulometric fractions of walnut shell, obtained by sieving, was obtained following ultrasound-assisted extraction by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). The total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content and antiradical capacity, obtained by DPPH and ABTS assays, and the Fe(III) reducing power of the extracts were also evaluated. The UHPLC-HRMS analysis indicated the presence of thirty-two compounds ascribable to four major classes of specialized metabolites. Furthermore, the extraction efficiency of gallic acid, ellagic acid derivatives, as well as glansreginin A, increased with the decrease in shell matrix particle size in contrast to chlorogenic acids and flavonoid glycosides. This is the first study to highlight new knowledge on the chemical composition of walnut shells. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of recovering valuable bioactive components from agro-waste that may be further valorized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Ferrara
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (E.F.); (S.P.); (A.E.); (S.P.)
- CREA-Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Via Torrino 3, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Danilo Cice
- CREA-Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Via Torrino 3, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Simona Piccolella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (E.F.); (S.P.); (A.E.); (S.P.)
| | - Assunta Esposito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (E.F.); (S.P.); (A.E.); (S.P.)
| | - Milena Petriccione
- CREA-Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Via Torrino 3, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Severina Pacifico
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (E.F.); (S.P.); (A.E.); (S.P.)
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Hu Y, Ling Y, Qin Z, Huang J, Jian L, Ren DF. Isolation, identification, and synergistic mechanism of a novel antimicrobial peptide and phenolic compound from fermented walnut meal and their application in Rosa roxbughii Tratt spoilage fungus. Food Chem 2024; 433:137333. [PMID: 37696092 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify an antimicrobial peptide and phenolic compound combination derived from fermented walnut meal against Penicillium. victoriae, a fungus responsible for Rosa. roxbughii Tratt spoilage, and ultimately investigate their synergistic mechanism. YVVPW and salicylic acid (SA) had the highest antifungal activity among identified 4 antimicrobial peptides, including FGGDSTHP, ALGGGY, YVVPW, and PLLRW, and 15 phenolic compounds, respectively. Molecular docking verified that YVVPW bound to regulatory subunit via hydrogen-bond, hydrophobic, and π-π conjugate interactions. YVVPW and SA exhibited synergistic effects with average minimal inhibitory concentration decreasing by 85.44 ± 8.04%. Fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated quenching of intrinsic Trp and Tyr fluorescence by interaction. FTIR and molecular docking results revealed formation of 3 hydrogen bonds via OH, CO, NH, and CH bonds in YVVPW + SA, with π-π stacking occurring between the benzene ring and five-membered ring. These reinforce potential application of this combination as an effective fungistatic combination in fruit preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China.
| | - Yuxi Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China.
| | - Zhouyi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China.
| | - Jingmei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China.
| | - Liuyu Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China.
| | - Di Feng Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083 Beijing, China.
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Xu X, Song Y, Jiang M, Liu M, Zhang X, Wang D, Pan Y, Ren S, Liu X. Screening of the Active Substances for the Assessment of Walnut Kernel in the Treatment of Scopolamine-Induced AD Animals. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2200816. [PMID: 38018298 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been a challenge and hotspot in the field of neuroscience research due to the high morbidity. As we all know, walnut kernel (WK) ingestion has been linked to benefits to brain health and has the function of improving memory. This study follows the AD model induced by scopolamine to reveal the active fractions and substances of walnut in the treatment of AD. METHODS AND RESULTS The histopathological analysis and brain tissue biochemistry assay are revealed the active fractions of WK, and this result determines that walnut kernel organic acids have significant therapeutic effect on AD. The strategy of studying ingredients pointed at lesions is integrated to ascertain the selected brain-targeted effective substances of WK for blood-brain barrier by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap mass spectrometry, and a total of eight organic acids are figured out definite absorptivity in rat brains. Finally, the binding interaction between the effective substances and target proteins is analyzed by molecular docking, and the main function related active markers are ascertained as glansreginin A, glansreginic acid, ellagic acid, and ellagic acid 4-O-xyloside. CONCLUSIONS The comprehensive process is helpful to the clinical application of WK as a promising cholinesterase inhibitors for nutritional intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiajing Xu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Yutong Song
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Man Jiang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Meihan Liu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Xuanmeng Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yingni Pan
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Shumeng Ren
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
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Xu X, Ding Y, Liu M, Zhang X, Wang D, Pan Y, Ren S, Liu X. Neuroprotective mechanisms of defatted walnut powder against scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's disease in mice revealed through metabolomics and proteomics analyses. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117107. [PMID: 37652196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Defatted walnut powder (DWP), the byproduct remaining after extracting oil from the walnut kernel, has the actions of nourishing liver and the kidney, replenishing blood, and calming the nerves, which is believed to be a brain-nourishing in Chinese medicine. DWP is rich in phenolic substances with demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, lipid-lowering and neuroprotective effects. Despite these promising properties of DWP, its effectiveness in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear, and further research is needed to understand the mechanism of action. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of DWP on AD by constructing the overall metabolic profile of mice with an anti-scopolamine AD model and verification of the highly correlated pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS The neuroprotective efficacy of DWP in a mouse model of AD established by scopolamine injection was examined. Spatial memory performance in the Morris water maze (MWM), markers of cholinergic function in hippocampus and cortex, and neuropathological changes were compared among control, model, and DWP-consuming model group mice. In addition, combined metabolomic and proteomic analyses were conducted to investigate changes in metabolite and protein expression profiles in AD model mice induced by DWP consumption. Differentially expressed proteins and metabolites were then analyzed for KEGG pathway enrichment and results confirmed through targeted amino acid metabolomics. RESULTS The results showed that consumption of DWP improved spatial learning and memory in the MWM, enhanced cholinergic function, and reduced histopathological damage in the cortex and hippocampus of AD model mice. Based on differentially abundant metabolites and proteins, 43 metabolic pathways modulated by DWP were identified, mainly involving in amino acid metabolic pathways strongly associated with cellular energetics and antioxidant capacity, and targeted amino acid metabolomics confirmed that DWPE significantly elevated the levels of Arginine (Arg), Histidine (His), Proline (Pro), Serine (Ser), and Tyrosine (Tyr), while reducing the levels of Glutamate (Glu). This ultimately resulted in an improvement in the progression of AD. CONCLUSION This study identified numerous metabolic networks modulated by DWP that can mitigate scopolamine-induced AD neuropathology and cognitive dysfunction. DWP is a promising resource to identify AD-related pathogenic pathways and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiajing Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Yong Ding
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Meihan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Xuanmeng Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Yingni Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Shumeng Ren
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
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Xiong Y, Feng YX, Chang M, Wang Q, Yin SN, Jian LY, Ren DF. Formulated chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles for co-encapsulation of ellagic acid and anti-inflammatory peptide: characterization, stability and anti-inflammatory activity. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:3447-3456. [PMID: 36812130 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitosan (CS) and tripolyphosphate (TPP) can be combined in the development of a material with synergistic properties and promising potential for the conservation of food products. In this study, ellagic acid (EA) and anti-inflammatory peptide (FPL)-loaded CS nanoparticles (FPL/EA NPs) were prepared using the ionic gelation method and optimal preparation conditions were obtained through a single factor design. RESULTS The synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Nanoparticles were spherical, with an average size of 308.33 ± 4.61 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.254, a zeta potential of +31.7 ± 0.08 mV, and a high encapsulation capacity (22.16 ± 0.79%). An in vitro release study showed that EA/FPL had a sustainable release from FPL/EA NPs. The stability of the FPL/EA NPs was evaluated for 90 days at 0, 25, and 37 °C. Significant anti-inflammatory activity of FPL/EA NPs was verified by nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) reduction. CONCLUSION These characteristics support the use of CS nanoparticles to encapsulate EA and FPL and improve their bioactivity in food products. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Xia Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Nan Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu-Yu Jian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Di-Feng Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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WU Y, SONG J, MA A, ZHANG Z, CHEN Z, LI S, QI B, JIA Y. Isolation and extraction of glansreginin A from walnut meal and its effect on the proliferation of 3T3-L1 cells. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.006023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongling WU
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
| | - Jiaxin SONG
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
| | - Aijin MA
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
| | - Zijie ZHANG
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
| | - Zhou CHEN
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
| | - Siting LI
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
| | - Bing QI
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Walnut Nutritional Function and Processing Technology, China
| | - Yingmin JIA
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
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He X, Chen D, Guo Y, Zhang X, Ma Y, Zhao S. Walnut Meal Extracts Rich In Polyphenols Mitigate Insulin Resistance and Modulate Gut Microbiota in High Fat Diet-Fed Rats. J Med Food 2022; 25:618-629. [PMID: 35708635 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Walnut kernel is a traditional Chinese herb recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia with the efficacies of invigorating kidney, tonifying lung, and relaxing bowel. However, the potential mechanisms were unclear. This article aims to uncover the interdict mechanisms of walnut meal extracts (WMP) on high-fat diet (HFD) induced metabolic disorders in rats and reveal how the WMP benefits are associated with changes in the intestinal flora. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed a standard chow diet or an HFD for 18 weeks. After 6 weeks, the HFD rats were supplemented with 750 mg WMP/kg body weight or the vehicle for 12 weeks. The structure of gut microbiota was assessed by analyzing 16S rDNA sequences. WMP suppressed the weight gain and visceral obesity. WMP treatment also improved lipid profiles and increased antioxidative activities. WMP fully reversed hepatic steatosis with the upregulation of adipocytokines involved in lipid catabolism (e.g., adiponectin, PPAR-γ, visfatin, CEBPα) and the increased activities of lipoprotein lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase, which were associated with glucose tolerance improvement and insulin resistance (IR) mitigation. As revealed by 16S rDNA sequencing, WMP restored the diversity of intestinal flora reduced by HFD. WMP dramatically reduced the abundance of Gram-negative bacteria, especially Fusobacterium varium and Bacteroides vulgatus, and sharply increased the abundance of Lactobacillus animalis decreased by HFD. Our findings demonstrated that WMP suppressed the weight gain and adiposity in HFD-fed rats and fully reversed HFD induced IR and hepatic steatosis while dramatically reducing the abundance of Fusobacteriaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, underscoring the gut-liver axis as a primary target of walnut polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingping He
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China.,Faculty of Medicine, Lijiang Culture and Tourism College, Lijiang, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Quality Control, Yunnan Institute of Tobacco Quality Inspection and Supervision, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yage Ma
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Shenglan Zhao
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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Ren SM, Zhang QZ, Jiang M, Chen ML, Xu XJ, Wang DM, Pan YN, Liu XQ. Systematic characterization of the metabolites of defatted walnut powder extract in vivo and screening of the mechanisms against NAFLD by UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS combined with network pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114870. [PMID: 34848359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Walnut kernel, a well-known TCM, is often used after being defatted in tradition. And defatted walnut powder extract (DWPE) has the actions of tonifying the liver and kidney, dissipating stagnation and removing blood stasis, which has the effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the effective components of DWPE in vivo were unclear and the multiple mechanisms of DWPE against NAFLD have not been explored. AIM OF THE STUDY The studies were performed to screen the effective substances in vivo by identification of the metabolites of DWPE in rats and to seek the potential mechanisms of DWPE on NAFLD by construction of the network pharmacology based on metabolites and verification of the highly correlated pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS To explore the effective substances in vivo, the metabolites of DWPE were identified in SD rats' bio-samples through UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS. To analyze the mechanisms of DWPE on NAFLD, a Metabolite-Target-Disease network was established and the potential mechanisms were predicted. Then, highly correlated pathway was verified in animal and cells studies. RESULTS A total of 52 metabolites of DWPE were identified in vivo, which were derived from gallic acid, ellagic acid (EA) and glansreginin A (Gla A). The possible metabolic pathways were phase Ⅰ (hydroxylation, hydrolyzation, etc) and phase Ⅱ metabolic reactions (methylation, sulfation and glucuronidation). Furthermore, in the network pharmacology, 54 core targets were enriched into pathways in cancer, nitrogen metabolism and other 9 pathways, which were essential pathways of DWPE against NAFLD. And the mechanism of nitrogen metabolism was verified in both of animal and cells studies. The results showed that DWPE could decline the concentration of ammonia and increase the expressions of carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2) and carbamoylphosphate synthetase (CPS1) in nitrogen metabolism. CONCLUSION Taken together, the study revealed the absorption components and their metabolic pathways and demonstrated the mechanism of nitrogen metabolism of DWPE on anti-NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Meng Ren
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Qing-Zhu Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Man Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Meng-Lin Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Xia-Jing Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Dong-Mei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Ying-Ni Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Qiu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
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Zhang F, Chen D, Zhang L, Zhao Q, Ma Y, Zhang X, Zhao S, Chen C. Diaphragma juglandis extracts modifies the gut microbiota during prevention of type 2 diabetes in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114484. [PMID: 34627985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The diaphragma juglandis (DJ) comes from the wooden septum in the core of Juglans regia L, also known as the walnut septum. In Iranian traditional medicine, walnut distraction wood was widely used in the treatment of diabetes. However, there is a lack of research data on the mechanism of DJ against diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the protective effect of diaphragma juglandis extract (DJE) on type 2 diabetic rats and the hypoglycemic mechanism of DJE. MATERIAL AND METHODS Supplemented DJE and fed a high-fat diet for five weeks, and then injected low-dose STZ, successfully induced type 2 diabetic rats. Collected rat serum, liver, pancreas and feces to determine the biochemical parameters of serum and liver, analyze the pathological damages of pancreas and liver, and measure the changes of gut microbes in feces. RESULTS DJE could inhibit the metabolic abnormalities of T2DM by improving insulin resistance, abnormal lipid metabolism, liver damage, oxidative stress, and reducing inflammation. DJE significantly held fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein, serum low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, oral glucose tolerance test, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase and catalase, serum and liver triglycerides, total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, malondialdehyde, lipopolysaccharide, fasting insulin and tumor necrosis factor-α and prevented the pathological damage of pancreas and liver. The 16SrRNA gene sequencing results showed that DJE intercepted the disorders of the fecal gut microbes, mainly including Lactobacillaceae, Rikenella, Pygmaiobacter, Oscillospiraceae and Klebsiella. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the changes of gut microbes were closely relative with biochemical parameters. CONCLUSION DJE might prevent type 2 diabetes and its complications and hold up the disorders of gut microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Yunnan Institute of Tobacco Quality Inspection and Supervision, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qingyujing Zhao
- Kunming Customs Technological Center, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Yage Ma
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shenglan Zhao
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Chaoyin Chen
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, 650204, China
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XU X, SONG Y, JIANG M, LIU M, ZHANG X, WANG D, PAN Y, REN S, LIU X. An assessment of the potential of defatted walnut powder extract against hyperlipidemia-intensified L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.19722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiajing XU
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
| | | | - Man JIANG
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Meihan LIU
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
| | | | | | - Yingni PAN
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
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12
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XU X, REN S, WANG D, MA J, YAN X, GUO Y, LIU X, PAN Y. Optimization of extraction of defatted walnut powder by ultrasonic assisted and artificical neural network. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.53320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiajing XU
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
| | | | | | - Jing MA
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
| | | | - Yongli GUO
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
| | | | - Yingni PAN
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
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Khaled Abd-Elhaleim El Azazy M, Kamel Mohamed EA, Ismail Abo El-Fadl HM, Abd El-Razik FH, Abu Elfotuh K. Omega-3 Rich Oils Attenuate ADHD-Like Behaviour Induced by Dietary Monosodium Glutamate in Rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:868-880. [PMID: 34486354 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.868.880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and cognitive dysfunction. The present study was designed to examine the possible modulatory effect of Fish, Walnuts or Fenugreek Oils against Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)-like Behavior induced by Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) in Rats. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Fifty weaning rats were divided into five groups, (each group contain 10 rats) as follows: Group 1: Normal control rats were fed on a balanced diet. Groups from 2-5 rats were fed on a balanced diet+MSG (0.4 g kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> diet), Group 2 served as a positive control group whereas group 3, 4 and 5 treated with Fish, Walnuts and Fenugreek oil, respectively, (200 mg kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> b.wt.) by intra-gastric tube. Biochemical and behavioural parameters were tested as well as microscopic examination of brain tissue was done. <b>Results:</b> MSG ingestion caused marked disruption in locomotors activity, memory function and brain tissue structure along with significant abnormalities in some bio-markers and reduction in the gene expression level of Bcl-2 in brain tissue. However, treatment with the tested oils showed remarkable effect by reversing the condition. <b>Conclusion:</b> Dietary supplementation with walnut; fenugreek or fish oils at the tested dose could modulate the condition of ADHD in rats.
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Zhao L, Zhu X, Xia M, Li J, Guo AY, Zhu Y, Yang X. Quercetin Ameliorates Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis That Drives Hypothalamic Damage and Hepatic Lipogenesis in Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Abdominal Obesity. Front Nutr 2021; 8:671353. [PMID: 33996881 PMCID: PMC8116593 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.671353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced abdominal obesity, conventionally caused by hypothalamic damage, is a critical risk factor for health problem. Microbiota-gut-brain axis plays important roles in a variety of metabolic diseases. However, whether gut microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis for MSG-induced abdominal obesity and the effect of quercetin on it remains unclear. Herein, we find that MSG-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to neuronal damage in the hypothalamus, as indicated by antibiotics-induced microbiota depletion and co-house treatment. Inspired by this finding, we investigate the mechanism in-depth for MSG-induced abdominal obesity. Liver transcriptome profiling shows retinol metabolism disorder in MSG-induced abdominal obese mice. In which, retinol saturase (RetSat) in the liver is notably up-regulated, and the downstream lipogenesis is correspondingly elevated. Importantly, microbiota depletion or co-house treatment eliminates the difference of RetSat expression in the liver, indicating gut microbiota changes are responsible for liver retinol metabolism disorder. Moreover, this study finds dietary quercetin could modulate MSG-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, alleviate hypothalamic damage and down-regulate liver RetSat expression, thus ameliorating abdominal obesity. Our study enriches the pathogenesis of MSG-induced abdominal obesity and provides a prebiotic agent to ameliorate abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxuan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - An-Yuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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15
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Li Y, Chen D, Xu C, Zhao Q, Ma Y, Zhao S, Chen C. Glycolipid metabolism and liver transcriptomic analysis of the therapeutic effects of pressed degreased walnut meal extracts on type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. Food Funct 2021; 11:5538-5552. [PMID: 32515761 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00670j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Walnut meal (WM) is rich in polyphenols which exhibit multiple therapeutic effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of walnut meal extracts (WMP) on glycolipid metabolism and liver transcriptomics in T2DM rats. A T2DM rat model was established by using a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin. A 5-week WMP therapy showed the effects of decreasing water intake, excretion, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance, increasing β-cell function and insulin sensitivity index; meanwhile regulating dysfunctional lipid metabolism and reducing inflammation; improving body weight, oral glucose tolerance test and insulin sensitivity; and increasing the activities of SOD and CAT while decreasing the MDA levels in the liver and serum of T2DM rats. Moreover, 10 key differentially expressed genes were identified by RNA-seq, including Gck, RT1-Ba, Fasn, Slc13a3, Cd74, Jun, Cyp4a1, Myh7b, Plin3, and Got1, and they were highly potentially related to glycolipid metabolism. Our results suggested that WMP exhibited the anti-diabetic effect and could regulate glycolipid metabolism in T2DM rats. This finding might assist in identifying potential therapeutic targets for T2DM prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Li
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Dan Chen
- Yunnan Institute of Tobacco Quality Inspection and Supervision, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Chengmei Xu
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
| | | | - Yage Ma
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Shenglan Zhao
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Chaoyin Chen
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650204, China
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16
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Ren SM, Zhang QZ, Chen ML, Jiang M, Zhou Y, Xu XJ, Wang DM, Pan YN, Liu XQ. Anti-NAFLD effect of defatted walnut powder extract in high fat diet-induced C57BL/6 mice by modulating the gut microbiota. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113814. [PMID: 33444725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Walnut kernel has the actions of removing meteorism, dissipating stagnation and removing blood stasis and is used after being defatted in TCM. Defatted walnut powder extract (DWPE) has the abilities of anti-oxidation and lowering lipid levels in vivo. However, the effects and the potential mechanisms of DWPE on NAFLD have not been explored. AIM OF THE STUDY The study were to investigate the anti-NAFLD effect of DWPE in high fat diet-induced C57BL/6 mice and demonstrate that whether DWPE developed the effect on anti-NAFLD by remodeling the compositions and abundances of gut microbiota. MATERIALS AND METHODS The inhibitory effect of DWPE on the development of NAFLD was conducted on C57BL/6 mice with a high fat diet and the regulation effect of DWPE on gut microbiota was verified on pseudo-sterile mice with treatment of broad spectrum antibiotics. RESULTS The results showed that the oral administration of DWPE remarkably alleviated hepatic lipid accumulation by decreasing the levels of TG, TC, LDL, MDA and increasing HDL. Meanwhile, the expressions of NF-κB and MAPKs family proteins were reduced by DWPE compared with HFD group. Otherwise, the efficacy of anti-NAFLD of DWPE was significantly decreased after treatment of antibiotics, which indicated the key role of gut microbiota in the therapeutic process. Furthermore, sequencing of 16S rRNA gene revealed that DWPE could revert the decreased relative abundance of gut microbiota caused by the long term of a high fat diet. And the disordered microflora was remodeled by DWPE including the reduction of Erysipelotrichia, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria as well as the increment of Bacteroidetes, Clostridiales, Bacteroidales S24-7, Prevotellaceae and Bacteroides. CONCLUSION Taken together, DWPE had a preventing effect on NAFLD, which might be associated with the regulation of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Meng Ren
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Qing-Zhu Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Meng-Lin Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Man Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Ye Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Xia-Jing Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Dong-Mei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Ying-Ni Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Qiu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
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17
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Wang G, Zhong D, Liu H, Yang T, Liang Q, Wang J, Zhang R, Zhang Y. Water soluble dietary fiber from walnut meal as a prebiotic in preventing metabolic syndrome. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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18
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Xu J, Jin F, Hao J, Regenstein JM, Wang F. Preparation of soy sauce by walnut meal fermentation: Composition, antioxidant properties, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activities. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:1665-1676. [PMID: 32180974 PMCID: PMC7063369 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Remaining walnut meal after oil extraction still contains many nutrients. However, these by‐products have not been effectively used. In this study, walnut meal and Aspergillus oryzae (3.042) were used in combination to prepare a soy sauce‐like material with high amino nitrogen content (ANC). The optimal conditions for the preparation of walnut soy sauce (ratio of brine:koji of 1.7:1 for 6 days at 45°C) were determined using response surface experiments (RSE), which showed maximum ANC of 855 mg/100 ml. The results of amino acid analysis indicated that walnut soy sauce had a similar amino acid composition compared with three commercial soy sauces. It contained all the essential amino acids and had a high content of umami amino acids such as Glu and Asp, which may give it a stronger umami taste. Moreover, the crude walnut soy sauce was extracted sequentially using ethyl acetate, n‐butanol, acetone and water, and the total phenols, total flavonoids, reducing sugars, and the peptides of different solvent extracts were measured. Results showed that the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were highest in the ethyl acetate extracts. However, water residue had the highest levels of reducing sugars and peptides. In vitro, the water residue showed the highest antioxidant capacity and angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, due to more reducing sugars and peptides. These results indicated that walnut soy sauce may have significant antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activity. The findings provide a scientific basis for developing a replacement for soy sauce and broaden the beneficial application of walnut meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety Department of Food Science and Engineering College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Feng Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety Department of Food Science and Engineering College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Jing Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety Department of Food Science and Engineering College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | | | - Fengjun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety Department of Food Science and Engineering College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
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Li Y, Chen D, Zhang F, Lin Y, Ma Y, Zhao S, Chen C, Wang X, Liu J. Preventive effect of pressed degreased walnut meal extracts on T2DM rats by regulating glucolipid metabolism and modulating gut bacteria flora. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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20
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Fuentes-Soriano P, Bellido-Milla D, García-Guzmán JJ, Hernández-Artiga MP, Gallardo-Bernal JJ, Palacios-Santander JM, Espada-Bellido E. A simple phosphorus determination in walnuts and assessment of the assimilable fraction. Talanta 2019; 204:57-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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21
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Obesity: Pathophysiology, monosodium glutamate-induced model and anti-obesity medicinal plants. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:503-516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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22
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Liu J, Chen D, Wang Z, Chen C, Ning D, Zhao S. Protective effect of walnut on d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:969-976. [PMID: 30918639 PMCID: PMC6418433 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE S Accumulating evidence has suggested that oxidative stress and apoptosis are involved in the aging process. d-galactose (gal) has been reported to cause symptoms of aging in mice, accompanied by liver and brain injuries. Our present work was to study the potential antioxidative and anti-apoptotic effects of walnut and to explore how these effects act on mice in a d-gal-induced aging model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aging mice were induced by subcutaneous injection of d-gal (200 mg kg-1 d-1 for 8 weeks). Walnut samples were simultaneously administered to the d-gal-induced aging mice once daily by intragastric gavage. Finally, body weight, organ index, cognitive function, levels of antioxidative enzymes, and liver function were monitored. RESULTS The kernel pellicles of walnut could not only improve the learning and memory ability, and the organ index, but also significantly decrease body weight and normalize the levels of activity of antioxidative enzymes in aging mice. Further, the walnut seed coat would protect damages of hippocampus and liver in aging mice. HIGHLIGHTS In the current study, we investigated the effects of walnut kernels and walnut seed coats (WSCs) on d-galactose-induced aging mice. WSC was firstly found to have beneficial effects on d-gal-treated mouse's brain with learning and memory impairment, which probably through the underlying mechanism reduces oxidative damage and limits neuroinflammation. In addition, WSC had a protective effect on liver damage in d-galactose sensing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liu
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaYunnan University of Traditional Chinese MedicineKunmingChina
| | - Dan Chen
- Yunnan Institute of Tobacco Quality Inspection and SupervisionKunmingChina
| | - Zukun Wang
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaYunnan University of Traditional Chinese MedicineKunmingChina
| | | | - Delu Ning
- Yunnan Academy of ForestryKunmingChina
| | - Shenglan Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaYunnan University of Traditional Chinese MedicineKunmingChina
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23
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Ren S, Yan X, Ma J, Pan Y, Zhang W, Wang D, Fei Z, Liu X. Defatted walnut powder extract reduces cholesterol gallstones formation in C57BL/6 mice by downregulating the levels of ABCG5/8 in the liver and NPC1L1 in the intestine. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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24
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Gallotannin derivatives from mango ( Mangifera indica L.) suppress adipogenesis and increase thermogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in part through the AMPK pathway. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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25
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Luo Y, Wu W, Chen D, Lin Y, Ma Y, Chen C, Zhao S. Optimization of simultaneous microwave/ultrasonic-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from walnut flour using response surface methodology. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1999-2004. [PMID: 28738717 PMCID: PMC7011999 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1347189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Walnut is a traditional food as well as a traditional medicine recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia; however, the large amounts of walnut flour (WF) generated in walnut oil production have not been well utilized. OBJECTIVE This study maximized the total polyphenolic yield (TPY) from the walnut flour (WF) by optimizing simultaneous ultrasound/microwave-assisted hydroalcoholic extraction (SUMAE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Response surface methodology was used to optimize the processing parameters for the TPY, including microwave power (20-140 W), ultrasonic power (75-525 W), extraction temperature (25-55 °C), and time (0.5-9.5 min). The polyphenol components were analysed by LC-MS. RESULTS A second-order polynomial model satisfactorily fit the experimental TPY data (R2 = 0.9932, P < 0.0001 and Radj2 = 0.9868). The optimized quick extraction conditions were microwave power 294.38 W, ultrasonic power 93.5 W, temperature 43.38 °C and time 4.33 min, with a maximum TPY of 34.91 mg GAE/g, which was a rapid extraction. The major phenolic components in the WF extracts were glansreginin A, ellagic acid, and gallic acid with peak areas of 22.15%, 14.99% and 10.96%, respectively, which might be used as functional components for health food, cosmetics and medicines. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results indicated that walnut flour, a waste product from the oil industry, was a rich source of polyphenolic compounds and thus could be used as a high-value functional food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Luo
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Wanxing Wu
- Faculty of Life Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Dan Chen
- The Chemical Analysis Division, Yunnan Institute of Tobacco Quality Inspection and Supervision, Kunming, China
| | - Yuping Lin
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yage Ma
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Chaoyin Chen
- Faculty of Life Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Shenglan Zhao
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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