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Hou C, Zhao L, Ji M, Yu J, Di Y, Liu Q, Zhang Z, Sun L, Liu X, Wang Y. Liberated bioactive bound phenolics during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation boost the prebiotic effects of triticale insoluble dietary fiber. Food Chem 2024; 457:140124. [PMID: 38908239 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Phenolics in bound form extensively exist in cereal dietary fiber, especially insoluble fiber, while their release profile in gastrointestinal tract and contribution to the potential positive effects of dietary fiber in modulating gut microbiota still needs to be disclosed. In this work, the composition of bound phenolics (BPs) in triticale insoluble dietary fiber (TIDF) was studied, and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion as well as colonic fermentation were performed to investigate BPs liberation and their role in regulating intestinal flora of TIDF. It turned out that most BPs were unaccessible in digestion but partly released continuously during fermentation. 16 s rRNA sequencing demonstrated that TIDF possessed prebiotic effects by promoting anti-inflammatory while inhibiting proinflammatory bacteria alongside boosting SCFAs production and antioxidative BPs contributed a lot to these effects. Results indicated that TIDF held capabilities to regulate intestinal flora and BPs were important functional components to the health benefits of cereal dietary fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lianjia Zhao
- Research Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China
| | - Muhua Ji
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Di
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhengmao Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yutang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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2
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Martínez A, Velázquez L, Díaz R, Huaiquipán R, Pérez I, Muñoz A, Valdés M, Sepúlveda N, Paz E, Quiñones J. Impact of Novel Foods on the Human Gut Microbiome: Current Status. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1750. [PMID: 39338424 PMCID: PMC11433882 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12091750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The microbiome is a complex ecosystem of microorganisms that inhabit a specific environment. It plays a significant role in human health, from food digestion to immune system strengthening. The "Novel Foods" refer to foods or ingredients that have not been consumed by humans in the European Union before 1997. Currently, there is growing interest in understanding how "Novel Foods" affect the microbiome and human health. The aim of this review was to assess the effects of "Novel Foods" on the human gut microbiome. Research was conducted using scientific databases, focusing on the literature published since 2000, with an emphasis on the past decade. In general, the benefits derived from this type of diet are due to the interaction between polyphenols, oligosaccharides, prebiotics, probiotics, fibre content, and the gut microbiome, which selectively promotes specific microbial species and increases microbial diversity. More research is being conducted on the consumption of novel foods to demonstrate how they affect the microbiome and, thus, human health. Consumption of novel foods with health-promoting properties should be further explored to maintain the diversity and functionality of the gut microbiome as a potential tool to prevent the onset and progression of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailín Martínez
- Doctoral Program in Science Major in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4800000, Chile;
- Meat Quality Innovation and Technology Centre (CTI-Carne), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (L.V.); (R.D.); (R.H.); (I.P.); (A.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Lidiana Velázquez
- Meat Quality Innovation and Technology Centre (CTI-Carne), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (L.V.); (R.D.); (R.H.); (I.P.); (A.M.); (M.V.)
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Rommy Díaz
- Meat Quality Innovation and Technology Centre (CTI-Carne), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (L.V.); (R.D.); (R.H.); (I.P.); (A.M.); (M.V.)
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Huaiquipán
- Meat Quality Innovation and Technology Centre (CTI-Carne), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (L.V.); (R.D.); (R.H.); (I.P.); (A.M.); (M.V.)
- Doctoral Program in Agrifood and Environment Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Isabela Pérez
- Meat Quality Innovation and Technology Centre (CTI-Carne), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (L.V.); (R.D.); (R.H.); (I.P.); (A.M.); (M.V.)
- Doctoral Program in Agrifood and Environment Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Alex Muñoz
- Meat Quality Innovation and Technology Centre (CTI-Carne), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (L.V.); (R.D.); (R.H.); (I.P.); (A.M.); (M.V.)
- Doctoral Program in Agrifood and Environment Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Marcos Valdés
- Meat Quality Innovation and Technology Centre (CTI-Carne), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (L.V.); (R.D.); (R.H.); (I.P.); (A.M.); (M.V.)
- Doctoral Program in Agrifood and Environment Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Néstor Sepúlveda
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
- Doctoral Program in Agrifood and Environment Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Erwin Paz
- UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia;
| | - John Quiñones
- Meat Quality Innovation and Technology Centre (CTI-Carne), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (L.V.); (R.D.); (R.H.); (I.P.); (A.M.); (M.V.)
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
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3
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Pérez-Jiménez J. Dietary fiber: Still alive. Food Chem 2024; 439:138076. [PMID: 38039615 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fiber (DF) was established as a key dietary constituent some decades ago, as were some of its mechanisms of action and health effects. Although there is consolidated evidence on many features regarding DF, at the same time there are still many aspects to be explored in the field, e.g., deeper explorations of the contribution of phenolic compounds linked to cell walls to the biological activities of DF, or of the relevance of the gut-brain axis. At the same time, increasing DF intake should be seen as a major public health problem since worldwide intakes are quite far from recommendations. The awareness of this fact by public bodies should lead, among others, to the assessment of effective strategies for promoting DF intake among general population or specific groups; and to consider potential regulatory modifications in order to clarify several aspects potentially misleading for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jara Pérez-Jiménez
- Dept. Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disease (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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Baky MH, Salah M, Ezzelarab N, Shao P, Elshahed MS, Farag MA. Insoluble dietary fibers: structure, metabolism, interactions with human microbiome, and role in gut homeostasis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1954-1968. [PMID: 36094440 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2119931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of food rich in dietary fibers (DFs) has been long recognized to exert an overall beneficial effect on human health. This review aims to provide a holistic overview on how IDFs impact human gut health either directly, or through modulation of the gut microbiome. Several databases were searched for collecting papers such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus and Reaxys from 2000 till 2022. Firstly, an overview of the chemical structure of the various IDFs and the pathways employed by gut microbiota for their degradation is provided. The impact of IDFs on microbial community structure and pathogens colonization inside the human gut was discussed. Finally, the impact of IDFs on gut homeostasis and systemic effects at the cellular level, as well as the overall immunological benefits of IDFs consumption were analyzed. IDFs viz., cellulose, hemicellulose, resistant starch, and lignin found enriched in food are discussed for these effects. IDFs were found to induce gut immunity, improve intestinal integrity and mucosal proliferation, and favor adhesion of probiotics and hence improve human health. Also, IDFs were concluded to improve the bioavailability of plant polyphenols and improve their health-related functional roles. Ultimately, dietary fibers processing by modification shows potential to enhance fibers-based functional food production, in addition to increase the economic value and usage of food-rich fibers and their by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa H Baky
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Salah
- Microbiology Department, College of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Nada Ezzelarab
- Biology Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ping Shao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Mostafa S Elshahed
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Ultrasonication enhanced the multi-scale structural characteristics of rice starch following short-chain fatty acids acylation. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:333-342. [PMID: 34492246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Considering the variation of the diffusion character of the three anhydrides, ultrasonication was applied for investigating its impact on the reaction efficiency of the rice starch acylation from three short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The current data indicated that the signal peak of the FTIR spectrum at 1720 cm-1 and additional resonances in the NMR confirmed the occurrence of the acylation reaction onto the starch molecules. More interestingly, this is the first study to reveal that a lower power density ultrasonication improved the reaction efficiencies of acetylation (19%), while a higher power density could lead to a reduced acylation reactivity of propionylation compared to the control one. On the contrary, the reaction efficiency of butyrylation (64%) was significantly enhanced by the ultrasound-assisted treatment with a greater association between reaction efficiency and ultrasonic power density, indicating the importance of the diffusion character for impacting the acylation reactivity among these three anhydrides. The ultrasonic-assisted SCFAs-modified rice starch has a lower peak viscosity and setback value, indicating that the replacement of the acyl groups for OH groups in the starch avoids starch molecules rearrangement. Meanwhile, the rheological properties exhibited that the starch achieved from ultrasonic-assistance significantly reduced the area of the hysteresis curve, suggesting a destroyed gel textural property. Thus, an appropriate ultrasonication but not all could effectively enhance the acylation efficiency and improve starch rheological property.
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Guice J, Bendiks ZA, Coulon D, Raggio AM, Page RC, Carvajal-Aldaz DG, Lou M, Welsh DA, Marx BD, Taylor CM, Husseneder C, Marco ML, Keenan MJ. Differences in Capacity of High-Amylose Resistant Starch, Whole-Grain Flour, and a Combination of Both to Modify Intestinal Responses of Male Sprague Dawley Rats Fed Moderate and High Fat Diets. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:15176-15185. [PMID: 33291872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) responses to a high-amylose resistant starch (RS) product were compared to those observed when RS was combined with whole grain (WG) and to controls with low RS intake in rats fed moderate or high fat diets. Regardless of fat intake, rats fed RS or WG + RS diets had higher cecum weights, higher intestinal quantities of short chain fatty acids, and lower intestinal content pH, and their GIT cells had increased gene expression for gluconeogenesis and barrier function compared to controls. Whereas RS resulted in greater GIT content acetate and propionate and lowest pH, the WG + RS diets yielded higher butyrate. Rats fed the RS diet with MF had higher cecum weights than those fed either the RS diet with HF or the WG + RS diet with either MF or HF. Diets containing combinations of RS and other dietary fibers should be considered for RS-mediated GIT benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Guice
- BIO-CAT, 9117 Three Notch Road, Troy 22974, Virginia, United States
| | - Zachary A Bendiks
- Food Science and Technology, The University of California, Davis 95616, California, United States
| | - Diana Coulon
- Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge 70803, Louisiana, United States
| | - Anne M Raggio
- Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge 70803, Louisiana, United States
| | - Ryan C Page
- Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge 70803, Louisiana, United States
| | - Diana G Carvajal-Aldaz
- Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Meng Lou
- Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences CenterRINGGOLD, New Orleans 70112, Louisiana, United States
| | - David A Welsh
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans 70112, Louisiana, United States
| | - Brian D Marx
- Experimental Statistics, LSU, Baton Rouge 70803, Louisiana, United States
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences CenterRINGGOLD, New Orleans 70112, Louisiana, United States
| | | | - Maria L Marco
- Food Science and Technology, The University of California, Davis 95616, California, United States
| | - Michael J Keenan
- Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge 70803, Louisiana, United States
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Zhu C, Sawrey-Kubicek L, Beals E, Rhodes CH, Houts HE, Sacchi R, Zivkovic AM. Human gut microbiome composition and tryptophan metabolites were changed differently by fast food and Mediterranean diet in 4 days: a pilot study. Nutr Res 2020; 77:62-72. [PMID: 32330749 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diets rich in animal source foods vs plant-based diets have different macronutrient composition, and they have been shown to have differential effects on the gut microbiome. In this study, we hypothesized that diets with very different nutrient composition are able to change gut microbiome composition and metabolites in a very short period. We compared a fast food (FF) diet (ie, burgers and fries) with a Mediterranean (Med) diet, which is rich in vegetables, whole grains, olive oil, nuts, and fish. Ten healthy subjects participated in a controlled crossover study in which they consumed a Med diet and FF diet in randomized order for 4 days each, with a 4-day washout between treatments. Fecal DNA was extracted and the 16S V4 region amplified using polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq. Plasma metabolites and bile acids were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Certain bile-tolerant microbial genera and species including Collinsella, Parabacteroides, and Bilophila wadsworthia significantly increased after the FF diet. Some fiber-fermenting bacteria, including Lachnospiraceae and Butyricicoccus, increased significantly after the Med diet and decreased after the FF diet. Bacterially produced metabolites indole-3-lactic acid and indole-3-propionic acid, which have been shown to confer beneficial effects on neuronal cells, increased after the Med diet and decreased after the FF diet. Interindividual variability in response to the treatments may be related to differences in background diet, for example as shown by differences in Bilophila response in relationship to the saturated fat content of the baseline diet. In conclusion, an animal fat-rich, low-fiber FF diet v. a high-fiber Med diet altered human gut microbiome composition and its metabolites after just 4 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA 95616.
| | - Lisa Sawrey-Kubicek
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA 95616.
| | - Elizabeth Beals
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA 95616.
| | - Chris H Rhodes
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA 95616.
| | - Hannah Eve Houts
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA 95616.
| | - Romina Sacchi
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA 95616.
| | - Angela M Zivkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA 95616.
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