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Ziemons J, Hillege LE, Aarnoutse R, de Vos-Geelen J, Valkenburg-van Iersel L, Mastenbroek J, van Geel R, Barnett DJM, Rensen SS, van Helvoort A, Dopheide LHJ, Roeselers G, Penders J, Smidt ML, Venema K. Prebiotic fibre mixtures counteract the manifestation of gut microbial dysbiosis induced by the chemotherapeutic 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in a validated in vitro model of the colon. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:222. [PMID: 38918717 PMCID: PMC11200995 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is used as an antineoplastic agent in distinct cancer types. Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota might modulate 5-FU efficacy and toxicity, potentially affecting the patient's prognosis. The current experimental study investigated 5-FU-induced microbiota alterations, as well as the potential of prebiotic fibre mixtures (M1-M4) to counteract these shifts. METHODS A pooled microbial consortium was derived from ten healthy donors, inoculated in an in vitro model of the colon, and treated with 5-FU, with or without prebiotic fibre mixtures for 72 h. Four different prebiotic fibre mixtures were tested: M1 containing short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides (sc GOS), long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (lcFOS), and low viscosity pectin (lvPect), M2 consisting of arabinoxylan, beta-glucan, pectin, and resistant starch, M3 which was a mixture of scGOS and lcFOS, and M4 containing arabinoxylan, beta-glucan, pectin, resistant starch, and inulin. RESULTS We identified 5-FU-induced changes in gut microbiota composition, but not in microbial diversity. Administration of prebiotic fibre mixtures during 5-FU influenced gut microbiota composition and taxa abundance. Amongst others, prebiotic fibre mixtures successfully stimulated potentially beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Anaerostipes, Weissella, Olsenella, Senegalimassilia) and suppressed the growth of potentially pathogenic bacteria (Klebsiella, Enterobacter) in the presence of 5-FU. The short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) acetate increased slightly during 5-FU, but even more during 5-FU with prebiotic fibre mixtures, while propionate was lower due to 5-FU with or without prebiotic fibre mixtures, compared to control. The SCFA butyrate and valerate did not show differences among all conditions. The branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) iso-butyrate and iso-valerate were higher in 5-FU, but lower in 5-FU + prebiotics, compared to control. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that prebiotic fibre mixtures represent a promising strategy to modulate 5-FU-induced microbial dysbiosis towards a more favourable microbiota, thereby possibly improving 5-FU efficacy and reducing toxicity, which should be evaluated further in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Ziemons
- GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Lars E Hillege
- GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Romy Aarnoutse
- GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith de Vos-Geelen
- GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Liselot Valkenburg-van Iersel
- GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Mastenbroek
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Robin van Geel
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Disease, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - David J M Barnett
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Infection Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander S Rensen
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM - School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ardy van Helvoort
- NUTRIM - School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - John Penders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Infection Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM - School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Euregional Microbiome Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein L Smidt
- GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Venema
- Euregional Microbiome Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation, Maastricht University - Campus Venlo, Venlo, The Netherlands
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Miszczuk E, Bajguz A, Kiraga Ł, Crowley K, Chłopecka M. Phytosterols and the Digestive System: A Review Study from Insights into Their Potential Health Benefits and Safety. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:557. [PMID: 38794127 PMCID: PMC11124171 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytosterols are a large group of substances belonging to sterols-compounds naturally occurring in the tissues of plants, animals, and humans. The most well-known animal sterol is cholesterol. Among phytosterols, the most significant compounds are β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol. At present, they are mainly employed in functional food products designed to counteract cardiovascular disorders by lowering levels of 'bad' cholesterol, which stands as their most extensively studied purpose. It is currently understood that phytosterols may also alleviate conditions associated with the gastrointestinal system. Their beneficial pharmacological properties in relation to gastrointestinal tract include anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity. Also, the anti-cancer properties as well as the impact on the gut microbiome could be a very interesting area of research, which might potentially lead to the discovery of their new application. This article provides consolidated knowledge on a new potential use of phytosterols, namely the treatment or prevention of gastrointestinal diseases. The cited studies indicate high therapeutic efficacy in conditions such as peptic ulcer disease, IBD or liver failure caused by hepatotoxic xenobiotics, however, these are mainly in vitro or in vivo studies. Nevertheless, studies to date indicate their therapeutic potential as adjunctive treatments to conventional therapies, which often exhibit unsatisfactory efficacy or serious side effects. Unfortunately, at this point there is a lack of significant clinical study data to use phytosterols in clinical practice in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Miszczuk
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (E.M.); (K.C.)
| | - Andrzej Bajguz
- Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Kiraga
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (E.M.); (K.C.)
| | - Kijan Crowley
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (E.M.); (K.C.)
| | - Magdalena Chłopecka
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (E.M.); (K.C.)
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Estrada-Sierra NA, Gonzalez-Avila M, Urias-Silvas JE, Rincon-Enriquez G, Garcia-Parra MD, Villanueva-Rodriguez SJ. The Effect of Opuntia ficus Mucilage Pectin and Citrus aurantium Extract Added to a Food Matrix on the Gut Microbiota of Lean Humans and Humans with Obesity. Foods 2024; 13:587. [PMID: 38397564 PMCID: PMC10887714 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies have provided evidence that physicochemical interactions in the food matrix can modify the biologically beneficial effects of bioactive compounds, including their effect on gut microbiota. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of a food gel matrix with Opuntia ficus cladodes mucilage pectin and Citrus Aurantium extract on the growth of four beneficial gut bacteria obtained from the fecal microbiota of people who are lean or who have obesity after digestion in the upper digestive system. To accomplish this, a base formulation of Opuntia ficus cladodes mucilage with or without C. aurantium extract was submitted to an ex vivo fecal fermentation in an automatic and robotic intestinal system. The changes in the intestinal microbiota were determined by means of plate culture and 16S sequencing, while short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced in the colon were determined via gas chromatography. In the presence of the extract in formulation, greater growth of Bifidobacterium spp. (+1.6 Log10 Colonic Forming Unit, UFC) and Lactobacillus spp. (+2 Log10 UFC) in the microbiota of lean people was observed. Only the growth in Salmonella spp. (-1 Log10 UFC) from both microbiota was affected in the presence of the extract, which decreased in the ascending colon. SCFA was mainly produced by the microbiota of people who were lean rather than those who had obesity in the presence of the extract, particularly in the ascending colon. The effect of sour orange extract seems to depend on the origin of the microbiota, whether in people who have obesity (25 mM/L) or are lean (39 mM/L).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Socorro Josefina Villanueva-Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (N.A.E.-S.); (M.G.-A.); (J.-E.U.-S.); (G.R.-E.); (M.D.G.-P.)
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Popov IV, Einhardt Manzke N, Sost MM, Verhoeven J, Verbruggen S, Chebotareva IP, Ermakov AM, Venema K. Modulation of Swine Gut Microbiota by Phytogenic Blends and High Concentrations of Casein in a Validated Swine Large Intestinal In Vitro Model. Vet Sci 2023; 10:677. [PMID: 38133228 PMCID: PMC10748322 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytogenic feed additives are gaining popularity in livestock as a replacement for antibiotic growth promotors. Some phytogenic blends (PB) positively affect the production performance, inhibit pathogens within the gut microbiota, and improve the overall health of farm animals. In this study, a swine large intestine in vitro model was used to evaluate the effect of two PBs, alone or in combination with casein, on swine gut microbiota. As a result, the combination of casein with PB1 had the most beneficial effects on swine gut microbiota, as it increased the relative abundance of some commensal bacteria and two genera (Lactobacillus and Oscillospiraceae UCG-002), which are associated with greater production performance in pigs. At the same time, supplementation with PBs did not lead to an increase in opportunistic pathogens, indicating their safety for pigs. Both PBs showed fewer changes in swine gut microbiota compared to interventions with added casein. In contrast, casein supplementation significantly increased beta diversity and the relative abundance of commensal as well as potentially beneficial bacteria. In conclusion, the combination of casein with PBs, in particular PB1, had the most beneficial effects among the studied supplements in vitro, with respect to microbiota modulation and metabolite production, although this data should be proven in further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V. Popov
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University—Campus Venlo, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands; (I.V.P.); (M.M.S.); (S.V.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Don State Technical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia (A.M.E.)
- Division of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Federal Territory Sirius, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | | | - Mônica Maurer Sost
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University—Campus Venlo, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands; (I.V.P.); (M.M.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Jessica Verhoeven
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University—Campus Venlo, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands; (I.V.P.); (M.M.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Sanne Verbruggen
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University—Campus Venlo, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands; (I.V.P.); (M.M.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Iuliia P. Chebotareva
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Don State Technical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia (A.M.E.)
- Division of Nanobiomedicine, Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Federal Territory Sirius, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Alexey M. Ermakov
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Don State Technical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia (A.M.E.)
| | - Koen Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University—Campus Venlo, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands; (I.V.P.); (M.M.S.); (S.V.)
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Maurer Sost M, Stevens Y, Salden B, Troost F, Masclee A, Venema K. Citrus Extract High in Flavonoids Beneficially Alters Intestinal Metabolic Responses in Subjects with Features of Metabolic Syndrome. Foods 2023; 12:3413. [PMID: 37761122 PMCID: PMC10529306 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a citrus extract rich in citrus flavonoids on intestinal metabolic responses in subjects with features of metabolic syndrome, in an in vitro colon fermentation system (TIM-2) and fecal samples obtained from human subjects in an in vivo trial. In the TIM-2 system inoculated with fecal samples of volunteers with features of metabolic syndrome, continuous citrus extract supplementation (500 mg/day) resulted in increased cumulative short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels compared to the control condition, which was mainly due to increased production of butyrate, acetate, and valerate. In human volunteers, 12 weeks of daily supplementation with 500 mg citrus extract resulted in a significant shift in the SCFA profile towards more butyrate (p = 0.022) compared to the placebo group. Furthermore, there was a trend towards a reduction in fecal calprotectin levels, a marker for intestinal inflammation, compared to the placebo (p = 0.058). Together, these results suggest that citrus extract intake may have a positive effect on intestinal metabolic responses and through this, on host health in subjects with features of metabolic syndrome. Further research is needed to provide more insight into the potential underlying mechanisms and to study effects on clinical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Maurer Sost
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University-Campus Venlo, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands;
| | - Yala Stevens
- BioActor BV, 6229 GS Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bouke Salden
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; (B.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Freddy Troost
- Food Innovation and Health, Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ad Masclee
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; (B.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Koen Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University-Campus Venlo, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands;
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Canfora EE, Vliex LMM, Wang T, Nauta A, Bouwman FG, Holst JJ, Venema K, Zoetendal EG, Blaak EE. 2'-fucosyllactose alone or combined with resistant starch increases circulating short-chain fatty acids in lean men and men with prediabetes and obesity. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1200645. [PMID: 37529001 PMCID: PMC10388544 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1200645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infusion of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) to the distal colon beneficially affects human substrate and energy metabolism. Here, we hypothesized that the combination of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) with resistant starch (RS) increases distal colonic SCFA production and improves metabolic parameters. Methods In this randomized, crossover study, 10 lean (BMI 20-24.9 kg/m2) and nine men with prediabetes and overweight/obesity (BMI 25-35 kg/m2) were supplemented with either 2'-FL, 2'-FL+RS, or placebo one day before a clinical investigation day (CID). During the CID, blood samples were collected after a overnight fast and after intake of a liquid high-fat mixed meal to determine plasma SCFA (primary outcomes). Secondary outcomes were fasting and postprandial plasma insulin, glucose, free fatty acid (FFA), glucagon-like peptide-1, and peptide YY concentrations. In addition, fecal SCFA and microbiota composition, energy expenditure and substrate oxidation (indirect calorimetry), and breath hydrogen excretion were determined. Results In lean men, supplementation with 2'-FL increased postprandial plasma acetate (P = 0.017) and fasting H2 excretion (P = 0.041) compared to placebo. Postprandial plasma butyrate concentration increased after 2'-FL and 2'-FL+RS as compared to placebo (P < 0.05) in lean men and men with prediabetes and overweight/obesity. Additionally, 2'-FL+RS decreased fasting and postprandial plasma FFA concentrations compared to placebo (P < 0.05) in lean men. Conclusion Supplementation of 2'-FL with/without RS the day before investigation increased systemic butyrate concentrations in lean men as well as in men with prediabetes and obesity, while acetate only increased in lean men. The combination of 2'-FL with RS showed a putatively beneficial metabolic effect by lowering plasma FFA in lean men, indicating a phenotype-specific effect. Clinical trial registration nr. NCT04795804.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel E. Canfora
- Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lars M. M. Vliex
- Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Taojun Wang
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Freek G. Bouwman
- Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jens J. Holst
- NovoNordisk Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Koen Venema
- Maastricht University—Campus Venlo, Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Venlo, Netherlands
| | - Erwin G. Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ellen E. Blaak
- Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Ağagündüz D, Icer MA, Yesildemir O, Koçak T, Kocyigit E, Capasso R. The roles of dietary lipids and lipidomics in gut-brain axis in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Transl Med 2023; 21:240. [PMID: 37009872 PMCID: PMC10068184 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), one of the main types of Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by dysfunctional pancreatic β-cells and/or peripheral insulin resistance, resulting in impaired glucose and lipid metabolism. Genetic, metabolic, multiple lifestyle, and sociodemographic factors are known as related to high T2DM risk. Dietary lipids and lipid metabolism are significant metabolic modulators in T2DM and T2DM-related complications. Besides, accumulated evidence suggests that altered gut microbiota which plays an important role in the metabolic health of the host contributes significantly to T2DM involving impaired or improved glucose and lipid metabolism. At this point, dietary lipids may affect host physiology and health via interaction with the gut microbiota. Besides, increasing evidence in the literature suggests that lipidomics as novel parameters detected with holistic analytical techniques have important roles in the pathogenesis and progression of T2DM, through various mechanisms of action including gut-brain axis modulation. A better understanding of the roles of some nutrients and lipidomics in T2DM through gut microbiota interactions will help develop new strategies for the prevention and treatment of T2DM. However, this issue has not yet been entirely discussed in the literature. The present review provides up-to-date knowledge on the roles of dietary lipids and lipidomics in gut-brain axis in T2DM and some nutritional strategies in T2DM considering lipids- lipidomics and gut microbiota interactions are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, 06490, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Arif Icer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Amasya University, 05100, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Ozge Yesildemir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Koçak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, 06490, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Kocyigit
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Naples, Italy.
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Li ZT, Wang YY, Ji HY, Jiang Y, Gao MJ, Zhan XB, Jin Z. In-vitro dynamic fermentation simulation colon reactor for gut microbiota incubation. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2023.108877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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Studying Fungal-Bacterial Relationships in the Human Gut Using an In Vitro Model (TIM-2). J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020174. [PMID: 36836289 PMCID: PMC9963012 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex microbial community found in the human gut consist of members of multiple kingdoms, among which are bacteria and fungi. Microbiome research mainly focuses on the bacterial part of the microbiota, thereby neglecting interactions that can take place between bacteria and fungi. With the rise of sequencing techniques, the possibilities to study cross-kingdom relationships has expanded. In this study, fungal-bacterial relationships were investigated using the complex, dynamic computer-controlled in vitro model of the colon (TIM-2). Interactions were investigated by disruption of either the bacterial or fungal community by the addition of antibiotics or antifungals to TIM-2, respectively, compared to a control without antimicrobials. The microbial community was analyzed with the use of next generation sequencing of the ITS2 region and the 16S rRNA. Moreover, the production of SCFAs was followed during the interventions. Correlations between fungi and bacteria were calculated to investigate possible cross-kingdom interactions. The experiments showed that no significant differences in alpha-diversity were observed between the treatments with antibiotics and fungicide. For beta-diversity, it could be observed that samples treated with antibiotics clustered together, whereas the samples from the other treatments were more different. Taxonomic classification was done for both bacteria and fungi, but no big shifts were observed after treatments. At the level of individual genera, bacterial genus Akkermansia was shown to be increased after fungicide treatment. SCFAs levels were lowered in samples treated with antifungals. Spearman correlations suggested that cross-kingdom interactions are present in the human gut, and that fungi and bacteria can influence each other. Further research is required to gain more insights in these interactions and their molecular nature and to determine the clinical relevance.
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Maas E, Penders J, Venema K. Modelling the Gut Fungal-Community in TIM-2 with a Microbiota from Healthy Individuals. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010104. [PMID: 36675926 PMCID: PMC9866872 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Most research on the human microbiome focuses on the bacterial component, and this has led to a lack of information about the fungal component (mycobiota) and how this can influence human health, e.g., by modulation through the diet. The validated, dynamic computer-controlled model of the colon (TIM-2) is an in vitro model to study the microbiome and how this is influenced by interventions such as diet. In this study, it was used to the study the gut fungal-community. This was done in combination with next-generation sequencing of the ITS2 region for fungi and 16S rRNA for bacteria. Different dietary interventions (control diet (SIEM), high-carbohydrate, high-protein, glucose as a carbon source) were performed, to see if diet could shape the mycobiome. The mycobiome was investigated after the adaptation period, and throughout the intervention period which lasted 72 h, and samples were taken every 24 h. The fungal community showed low diversity and a greater variability when compared to bacteria. The mycobiome was affected most in the first hours of the adaptation period. Taxonomic classification showed that at the phylum-level Ascomycota and Basidiomycota dominated, while Agaricus, Aspergillus, Candida, Penicillum, Malassezia, Saccharomyces, Aureobasidium, Mycosphaerella, Mucor and Clavispora were the most abundant genera. During the intervention period, it was shown that the change of diet could influence the diversity. Clustering of samples for different time points was analyzed using Bray−Curtis dissimilarities. Samples of t0 clustered together, and samples of all other time points clustered together. The Bray−Curtis-dissimilarity analysis also showed that for the different dietary interventions, samples treated with glucose clustered together and were different from the other groups (p < 0.05, PERMANOVA). Taxonomic classification showed that the genera Alternaria, Thanatephorus, Candida and Dekkera differentially changed for the various diet groups (p < 0.05, Kruskal−Wallis). These results show that the mycobiota could be modelled in TIM-2; however, the low diversity and high variability make studying fungal, as compared to bacterial, communities, much more challenging. Future research should focus on the optimization of the stability of the fungal community to increase the strength of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evy Maas
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation, Maastricht University—Campus Venlo, Villa Floraweg 1, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands
- Euregional Microbiome Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - John Penders
- Euregional Microbiome Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM) and Care and Public Health Research Institute (Caphri), Maastricht University, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation, Maastricht University—Campus Venlo, Villa Floraweg 1, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands
- Euregional Microbiome Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-622435111
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11
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Duque-Soto C, Quintriqueo-Cid A, Rueda-Robles A, Robert P, Borrás-Linares I, Lozano-Sánchez J. Evaluation of Different Advanced Approaches to Simulation of Dynamic In Vitro Digestion of Polyphenols from Different Food Matrices-A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:101. [PMID: 36670962 PMCID: PMC9854833 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds have become interesting bioactive antioxidant compounds with implications for obesity, cancer and inflammatory gastrointestinal pathologies. As the influence of digestion and gut microbiota on antioxidant behavior is yet to be completely elucidated, and due to limitations associated to in vivo studies, dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal models have been promoted. A systematic review was conducted of different databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus) following PRISMA guidelines to assess different dynamic digestion models and assay protocols used for phenolic compound research regarding bioaccesibility and interaction with colonic microbiota. Of 284 records identified, those including dynamic multicompartmental digestion models for the study of phenolic compound bioaccesibility, bioactivity and the effects of microbiota were included, with 57 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Different conditions and experimental configurations as well as administered doses, sample treatments and microbiological assays of dynamic digestion studies on polyphenols were recorded and compared to establish their relevance for the dynamic in vitro digestion of phenolic compounds. While similarities were observed in certain experimental areas, a high variability was found in others, such as administered doses. A description of considerations on the study of the digestion of phenolic compounds is proposed to enhance comparability in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Duque-Soto
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Farmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandra Quintriqueo-Cid
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Farmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnología Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Ascensión Rueda-Robles
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Farmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Paz Robert
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnología Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Isabel Borrás-Linares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Lozano-Sánchez
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Farmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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12
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Liu D, Pi J, Zhang B, Zeng H, Li C, Xiao Z, Fang F, Liu M, Deng N, Wang J. Phytosterol of lotus seed core powder alleviates hypercholesterolemia by regulating gut microbiota in high-cholesterol diet-induced C57BL/6J mice. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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13
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Manoppo JIC, Nurkolis F, Gunawan WB, Limen GA, Rompies R, Heroanto JP, Natanael H, Phan S, Tanjaya K. Functional sterol improves breast milk quality by modulating the gut microbiota: A proposed opinion for breastfeeding mothers. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1018153. [PMID: 36424924 PMCID: PMC9678907 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1018153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette Irene Christiene Manoppo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
- Department of Pediatrics, Prof. R. D. Kandou General Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Fahrul Nurkolis
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta), Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - William Ben Gunawan
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Gilbert Ansell Limen
- Medical Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Ronald Rompies
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
- Department of Pediatrics, Prof. R. D. Kandou General Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Joko Purnomo Heroanto
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
- Department of Pediatrics, Prof. R. D. Kandou General Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Hans Natanael
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
- Department of Pediatrics, Prof. R. D. Kandou General Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Sardito Phan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
- Department of Pediatrics, Prof. R. D. Kandou General Hospital, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Krisanto Tanjaya
- Medical Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
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14
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Breuninger TA, Wawro N, Freuer D, Reitmeier S, Artati A, Grallert H, Adamski J, Meisinger C, Peters A, Haller D, Linseisen J. Fecal Bile Acids and Neutral Sterols Are Associated with Latent Microbial Subgroups in the Human Gut. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090846. [PMID: 36144250 PMCID: PMC9504437 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids, neutral sterols, and the gut microbiome are intricately intertwined and each affects human health and metabolism. However, much is still unknown about this relationship. This analysis included 1280 participants of the KORA FF4 study. Fecal metabolites (primary and secondary bile acids, plant and animal sterols) were analyzed using a metabolomics approach. Dirichlet regression models were used to evaluate associations between the metabolites and twenty microbial subgroups that were previously identified using latent Dirichlet allocation. Significant associations were identified between 12 of 17 primary and secondary bile acids and several of the microbial subgroups. Three subgroups showed largely positive significant associations with bile acids, and six subgroups showed mostly inverse associations with fecal bile acids. We identified a trend where microbial subgroups that were previously associated with “healthy” factors were here inversely associated with fecal bile acid levels. Conversely, subgroups that were previously associated with “unhealthy” factors were positively associated with fecal bile acid levels. These results indicate that further research is necessary regarding bile acids and microbiota composition, particularly in relation to metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A. Breuninger
- Chair of Epidemiology, University Hospital Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Nina Wawro
- Chair of Epidemiology, University Hospital Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Epidemiology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dennis Freuer
- Chair of Epidemiology, University Hospital Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Reitmeier
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
- ZIEL—Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Anna Artati
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Epidemiology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Chair of Epidemiology, University Hospital Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Epidemiology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
- ZIEL—Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Jakob Linseisen
- Chair of Epidemiology, University Hospital Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
- ZIEL—Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
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15
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Gościniak A, Eder P, Walkowiak J, Cielecka-Piontek J. Artificial Gastrointestinal Models for Nutraceuticals Research—Achievements and Challenges: A Practical Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132560. [PMID: 35807741 PMCID: PMC9268564 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Imitating the human digestive system as closely as possible is the goal of modern science. The main reason is to find an alternative to expensive, risky and time-consuming clinical trials. Of particular interest are models that simulate the gut microbiome. This paper aims to characterize the human gut microbiome, highlight the importance of its contribution to disease, and present in vitro models that allow studying the microbiome outside the human body but under near-natural conditions. A review of studies using models SHIME, SIMGI, TIM-2, ECSIM, EnteroMix, and PolyfermS will provide an overview of the options available and the choice of a model that suits the researcher’s expectations with advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gościniak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Piotr Eder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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16
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Tsiantas K, Konteles SJ, Kritsi E, Sinanoglou VJ, Tsiaka T, Zoumpoulakis P. Effects of Non-Polar Dietary and Endogenous Lipids on Gut Microbiota Alterations: The Role of Lipidomics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084070. [PMID: 35456888 PMCID: PMC9024800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in sequencing technologies over the past 15 years have led to a substantially greater appreciation of the importance of the gut microbiome to the health of the host. Recent outcomes indicate that aspects of nutrition, especially lipids (exogenous or endogenous), can influence the gut microbiota composition and consequently, play an important role in the metabolic health of the host. Thus, there is an increasing interest in applying holistic analytical approaches, such as lipidomics, metabolomics, (meta)transcriptomics, (meta)genomics, and (meta)proteomics, to thoroughly study the gut microbiota and any possible interplay with nutritional or endogenous components. This review firstly summarizes the general background regarding the interactions between important non-polar dietary (i.e., sterols, fat-soluble vitamins, and carotenoids) or amphoteric endogenous (i.e., eicosanoids, endocannabinoids-eCBs, and specialized pro-resolving mediators-SPMs) lipids and gut microbiota. In the second stage, through the evaluation of a vast number of dietary clinical interventions, a comprehensive effort is made to highlight the role of the above lipid categories on gut microbiota and vice versa. In addition, the present status of lipidomics in current clinical interventions as well as their strengths and limitations are also presented. Indisputably, dietary lipids and most phytochemicals, such as sterols and carotenoids, can play an important role on the development of medical foods or nutraceuticals, as they exert prebiotic-like effects. On the other hand, endogenous lipids can be considered either prognostic indicators of symbiosis or dysbiosis or even play a role as specialized mediators through dietary interventions, which seem to be regulated by gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Tsiantas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (K.T.); (S.J.K.); (E.K.); (V.J.S.)
| | - Spyridon J. Konteles
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (K.T.); (S.J.K.); (E.K.); (V.J.S.)
| | - Eftichia Kritsi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (K.T.); (S.J.K.); (E.K.); (V.J.S.)
| | - Vassilia J. Sinanoglou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (K.T.); (S.J.K.); (E.K.); (V.J.S.)
| | - Thalia Tsiaka
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (K.T.); (S.J.K.); (E.K.); (V.J.S.)
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48, Vas. Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (P.Z.)
| | - Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (K.T.); (S.J.K.); (E.K.); (V.J.S.)
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48, Vas. Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (P.Z.)
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17
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Canfora EE, Hermes GD, Müller M, Bastings J, Vaughan EE, van Den Berg MA, Holst JJ, Venema K, Zoetendal EG, Blaak EE. Fiber mixture-specific effect on distal colonic fermentation and metabolic health in lean but not in prediabetic men. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2009297. [PMID: 34923911 PMCID: PMC8726743 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.2009297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infusions of the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) acetate in the distal colon improved metabolic parameters in men. Here, we hypothesized that combining rapidly and slowly fermentable fibers will enhance distal colonic acetate production and improve metabolic health. In vitro cultivation studies in a validated model of the colon were used to identify fiber mixtures that yielded high distal colonic acetate production. Subsequently, in two randomized crossover studies, lean and prediabetic overweight/obese men were included. In one study, participants received supplements of either long-chain inulin+resistant starch (INU+RS), INU or maltodextrin (PLA) the day prior to a clinical investigation day (CID). The second trial studied beta glucan+RS (BG+RS) versus BG and PLA. During each CID, breath hydrogen, indirect calorimetry, plasma metabolites/hormones were assessed during fasting and postprandial conditions. Additionally, fecal microbiota composition and SCFA were determined. In prediabetic men, INU+RS increased plasma acetate compared to INU or PLA (P < .05), but did not affect metabolic parameters. In lean men, INU+RS increased breath hydrogen and fasting plasma butyrate, which was accompanied by increased energy expenditure, carbohydrate oxidation and PYY and decreased postprandial glucose concentrations (all P < .05) compared to PLA. BG+RS increased plasma butyrate compared to PLA (P < .05) in prediabetic individuals, but did not affect other fermentation/metabolic markers in both phenotypes. Fiber-induced shifts in fecal microbiota were individual-specific and more pronounced with INU+RS versus BG+RS. Administration of INU+RS (not BG+RS) the day prior to investigation improved metabolic parameters in lean but not in prediabetic individuals, demonstrating that effects were phenotype- and fiber-specific. Further research should study whether longer-term supplementation periods are required to elicit beneficial metabolic health in prediabetic individuals. Trial registration numbers: Clinical trial No. NCT03711383 (Inulin study) and Clinical trial No. NCT03714646 (Beta glucan study).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel E. Canfora
- Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands,CONTACT Emanuel E. Canfora Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht6200, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben D.A. Hermes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University&Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mattea Müller
- Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco Bastings
- Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jens J. Holst
- NovoNordisk Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Koen Venema
- Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands,Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation, Maastricht University - Campus Venlo, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin G. Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University&Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E. Blaak
- Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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18
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Verhoeven J, Keller D, Verbruggen S, Abboud KY, Venema K. A blend of 3 mushrooms dose-dependently increases butyrate production by the gut microbiota. Benef Microbes 2021; 12:601-612. [PMID: 34590532 DOI: 10.3920/bm2021.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been indicated to play a crucial role in health and disease. Apart from changes in composition between healthy individuals and those with a disease or disorder, it has become clear that also microbial activity is important for health. For instance, butyrate has been proven to be beneficial for health, because, amongst others, it is a substrate for the colonocytes, and modulates the host's immune system and metabolism. Here, we studied the effect of a blend of three mushrooms (Ganoderma lucidum GL AM P-38, Grifola frondosa GF AM P36 and Pleurotus ostreatus PO AM-GP37)) on gut microbiota composition and activity in a validated, dynamic, computer-controlled in vitro model of the colon (TIM-2). Predigested mushroom blend at three doses (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/day of ingested mushroom blend) was fed to a pooled microbiota of healthy adults for 72 h, and samples were taken every day for microbiota composition (sequencing of amplicons of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene) and activity (short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production). The butyrate producing genera Lachnospiraceae UCG-004, Lachnoclostridium, Ruminococcaceae UCG-002 and Ruminococcaceae NK4A214-group are all dose-dependently increased when the mushroom blend was fed. Entirely in line with the increase of these butyrate-producers, the cumulative amount of butyrate also dose-dependently increased, to roughly twice the amount compared to the control (medium without mushroom blend) on the high-dose mushroom blend. Butyrate proportionally made up 53.1% of the total SCFA upon feeding the high-dose mushroom blend, compared to 27% on the control medium. In conclusion, the (polysaccharides in the) mushroom blend led to substantial increase in butyrate by the gut microbiota. These results warrant future mechanistic research on the mushroom blend, as butyrate is considered to be one of the microbial metabolites that contributes to health, by increasing barrier function and modulating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Verhoeven
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University - campus Venlo, Villafloraweg 1, 5928 SZ Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - D Keller
- Keller Consulting Group, 2417 Beachwood Blvd., Beachwood, OH 44122, USA
| | - S Verbruggen
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University - campus Venlo, Villafloraweg 1, 5928 SZ Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - K Youssef Abboud
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University - campus Venlo, Villafloraweg 1, 5928 SZ Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - K Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University - campus Venlo, Villafloraweg 1, 5928 SZ Venlo, the Netherlands
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19
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Sost MM, Ahles S, Verhoeven J, Verbruggen S, Stevens Y, Venema K. A Citrus Fruit Extract High in Polyphenols Beneficially Modulates the Gut Microbiota of Healthy Human Volunteers in a Validated In Vitro Model of the Colon. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113915. [PMID: 34836169 PMCID: PMC8619629 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of a Citrus Fruit Extract high in the polyphenols hesperidin and naringin (CFE) on modulation of the composition and activity of the gut microbiota was tested in a validated, dynamic in vitro model of the colon (TIM-2). CFE was provided at two doses (250 and 350 mg/day) for 3 days. CFE led to a dose-dependent increase in Roseburia, Eubacterium ramulus, and Bacteroides eggerthii. There was a shift in production of short-chain fatty acids, where acetate production increased on CFE, while butyrate decreased. In overweight and obesity, acetate has been shown to increase fat oxidation when produced in the distal gut, and stimulate secretion of appetite-suppressive neuropeptides. Thus, the data in the in vitro model point towards mechanisms underlying the effects of the polyphenols in CFE with respect to modulation of the gut microbiota, both in composition and activity. These results should be confirmed in a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Maurer Sost
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Campus Venlo, Maastricht University, Villafloraweg 1, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands; (M.M.S.); (J.V.); (S.V.)
| | - Sanne Ahles
- BioActor B.V., 6229 GS Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.A.); (Y.S.)
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Verhoeven
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Campus Venlo, Maastricht University, Villafloraweg 1, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands; (M.M.S.); (J.V.); (S.V.)
| | - Sanne Verbruggen
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Campus Venlo, Maastricht University, Villafloraweg 1, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands; (M.M.S.); (J.V.); (S.V.)
| | - Yala Stevens
- BioActor B.V., 6229 GS Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.A.); (Y.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Campus Venlo, Maastricht University, Villafloraweg 1, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands; (M.M.S.); (J.V.); (S.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-622-435-111
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20
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Míguez B, Vila C, Venema K, Parajó JC, Alonso JL. Prebiotic effects of pectooligosaccharides obtained from lemon peel on the microbiota from elderly donors using an in vitro continuous colon model (TIM-2). Food Funct 2021; 11:9984-9999. [PMID: 33119011 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01848a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of new prebiotics capable of modulating the gut microbiota in the elderly has become an area of great interest due to the particular vulnerability and frailty of this population. In the present work, mixtures of pectin-derived oligosaccharides (POS) were manufactured from lemon peel waste and evaluated for their capability to modulate the gut microbiota using, as inoculum, a pool of faeces from elderly donors. Both changes in the microbiota and the metabolic activity were assessed and compared with commercial fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and the standard ileal efflux medium (SIEM) using the TIM-2 in vitro colon model. POS fermentation led to similar or even better effects than FOS at phylum, family and genus levels. Higher increments in beneficial species such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and larger alpha diversity values were observed with POS in comparison with FOS and in some cases with SIEM. The PCoA analyses revealed that the microbial profiles resulting from POS and FOS bacterial fermentation were rather similar and differed from those observed after SIEM fermentation. Finally, although butyrate cumulative production was comparable among substrates, the highest short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and the lowest branched chain fatty acid (BCFA) cumulative production was observed in POS experiments. These results support the potential of pectin-derived oligosaccharides as prebiotic candidates targeting gut health in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Míguez
- Chemical Engineering Department - University of Vigo, Polytechnic Building (Campus Ourense), University Campus As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
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21
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Roupar D, Berni P, Martins JT, Caetano AC, Teixeira JA, Nobre C. Bioengineering approaches to simulate human colon microbiome ecosystem. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Blanco-Morales V, Garcia-Llatas G, Yebra MJ, Sentandreu V, Alegría A. In vitro colonic fermentation of a plant sterol-enriched beverage in a dynamic-colonic gastrointestinal digester. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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23
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Dingeo G, Brito A, Samouda H, Iddir M, La Frano MR, Bohn T. Phytochemicals as modifiers of gut microbial communities. Food Funct 2021; 11:8444-8471. [PMID: 32996966 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01483d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A healthy gut microbiota (GM) is paramount for a healthy lifestyle. Alterations of the GM have been involved in the aetiology of several chronic diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes, as well as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. In pathological conditions, the diversity of the GM is commonly reduced or altered, often toward an increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. The colonic fermentation of dietary fiber has shown to stimulate the fraction of bacteria purported to have beneficial health effects, acting as prebiotics, and to increase the production of short chain fatty acids, e.g. propionate and butyrate, while also improving gut epithelium integrity such as tight junction functionality. However, a variety of phytochemicals, often associated with dietary fiber, have also been proposed to modulate the GM. Many phytochemicals possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may positively affect the GM, including polyphenols, carotenoids, phytosterols/phytostanols, lignans, alkaloids, glucosinolates and terpenes. Some polyphenols may act as prebiotics, while carotenoids have been shown to alter immunoglobulin A expression, an important factor for bacteria colonization. Other phytochemicals may interact with the mucosa, another important factor for colonization, and prevent its degradation. Certain polyphenols have shown to influence bacterial communication, interacting with quorum sensing. Finally, phytochemicals can be metabolized in the gut into bioactive constituents, e.g. equol from daidzein and enterolactone from secoisolariciresinol, while bacteria can use glycosides for energy. In this review, we strive to highlight the potential interactions between prominent phytochemicals and health benefits related to the GM, emphasizing their potential as adjuvant strategies for GM-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Brito
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Population Health Department, Nutrition and Health Research Group, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen L-1445, Luxembourg. and Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Hanen Samouda
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Population Health Department, Nutrition and Health Research Group, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen L-1445, Luxembourg.
| | - Mohammed Iddir
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Population Health Department, Nutrition and Health Research Group, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen L-1445, Luxembourg.
| | - Michael R La Frano
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA. and Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA.
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Population Health Department, Nutrition and Health Research Group, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen L-1445, Luxembourg.
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24
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Vieira ADS, de Souza CB, Padilha M, Zoetendal EG, Smidt H, Saad SMI, Venema K. Impact of a fermented soy beverage supplemented with acerola by-product on the gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects using an in vitro model of the human colon. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3771-3785. [PMID: 33937924 PMCID: PMC8102275 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of soy-based beverages manufactured with water-soluble soy extract, containing probiotic strains (Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium longum BB-46) and/or acerola by-product (ABP) on pooled faecal microbiota obtained from lean and obese donors. Four fermented soy beverages (FSs) ("placebo" (FS-Pla), probiotic (FS-Pro), prebiotic (FS-Pre), and synbiotic (FS-Syn)) were subjected to in vitro digestion, followed by inoculation in the TIM-2 system, a dynamic in vitro model that mimics the conditions of the human colon. Short- and branched-chain fatty acids (SCFA and BCFA) and microbiota composition were determined. Upon colonic fermentation in the presence of the different FSs formulations, acetic and lactic acid production was higher than the control treatment for faecal microbiota from lean individuals (FMLI). Additionally, SCFA production by the FMLI was higher than for the faecal microbiota from obese individuals (FMOI). Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. populations increased during simulated colonic fermentation in the presence of FS-Syn in the FMLI and FMOI. FS formulations also changed the composition of the FMOI, resulting in a profile more similar to the FMLI. The changes in the composition and the increase in SCFA production observed for the FMLI and FMOI during these in vitro fermentations suggest a potential modulation effect of these microbiotas by the consumption of functional FSs. KEY POINTS: • Soy beverages increased Bifidobacterium abundance in microbiota from obese individuals. • The synbiotic beverage increased Bifidobacterium abundance in microbiota from lean individuals. • The synbiotic beverage changed the microbiota from obese individuals, approaching the lean profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Diogo Silva Vieira
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
- Food Research Center FoRC, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Carlota Bussolo de Souza
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation, Maastricht University - Campus Venlo, Villafloraweg 1, 5928 SZ, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Padilha
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
- Food Research Center FoRC, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Erwin Gerard Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susana Marta Isay Saad
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
- Food Research Center FoRC, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Koen Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation, Maastricht University - Campus Venlo, Villafloraweg 1, 5928 SZ, Venlo, The Netherlands.
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25
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Jie F, Yang X, Wu L, Wang M, Lu B. Linking phytosterols and oxyphytosterols from food to brain health: origins, effects, and underlying mechanisms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:3613-3630. [PMID: 33397124 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1867819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Phytosterols and their oxidation products, namely oxyphytosterols, are natural compounds present in plant foods. With increased intake of phytosterol-enriched functional food products, the exposure of both phytosterols and oxyphytosterols is rising. Over the past ten years, researches have been focused on their absorption and metabolism in human body, as well as their biological effects. More importantly, recent studies showed that phytosterols and oxyphytosterols can traverse the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in the brain. As brain health problems resulting from ageing being more serious, attenuating central nervous system (CNS) disorders with active compounds in food are becoming a hot topic. Phytosterols and oxyphytosterols have been shown to implicated in cognition altering and the pathologies of several CNS disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. We will overview these findings with a focus on the contents of phytosterols and oxyphytosterols in food and their dietary intake, as well as their origins in the brain, and illustrate molecular pathways through which they affect brain health, in terms of inflammation, cholesterol homeostasis, oxidative stress, and mitochondria function. The existing scientific gaps of phytosterols and oxyphytosterols to brain health in knowledge are also discussed, highlighting research directions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jie
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Lipeng Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
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26
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Gong L, Wen T, Wang J. Role of the Microbiome in Mediating Health Effects of Dietary Components. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12820-12835. [PMID: 32131598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous recent observation and intervention studies suggest that the microbiota in the gut and oral cavity play important roles in host physiology, including disease development and progression. Of the many environmental factors involved, dietary components play a pivotal role in shaping the microbiota community and function, thus eliciting beneficial or detrimental consequences on host health. The microbiota affect human physiology by altering the chemical structures of dietary components, thus creating new biological properties and modifying their lifetime and bioavailability. This review will describe the causal mechanisms between the microbiota and some specific bacterial species and diet components providing health benefits and how this knowledge could be incorporated in dietary strategies for improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Gong
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Wen
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
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27
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Míguez B, Vila C, Venema K, Parajó JC, Alonso JL. Potential of High- and Low-Acetylated Galactoglucomannooligosaccharides as Modulators of the Microbiota Composition and Their Activity: A Comparison Using the In Vitro Model of the Human Colon TIM-2. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7617-7629. [PMID: 32551624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High- and low-acetylated galactoglucomannooligosaccharides (GGMOS_Ac and GGMOS, respectively) were assayed as substrates in the TIM-2 in vitro colon model using, as inoculum, fecal microbiota from the elderly. The effects on the microbiota and their activity were also compared to a standard ileal efflux medium (SIEM). GGMOS resulted in higher organic acid productions and higher short-chain fatty acids/total organic acid molar ratios. Although comparable Actinobacteria abundances were observed with both substrates, GGMOS fermentation led to higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios and lower Proteobacteria percentages than GGMOS_Ac. No differences were found concerning the percentages of beneficial genus such as Blautia, Faecalibacterium, Coprococcus, or Bifidobacterium. However, higher bacterial diversities and numbers of genera such as Oscillospira and Lachnospira were found with GGMOS_Ac. This suggests that GGMOS would be more suitable substrates for the elderly, even though GGMOS_Ac promoted positive effects that support the interest of further research using these oligosaccharides as "carriers" of desired substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Míguez
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo, Polytechnic Building (Campus Ourense), University Campus As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), University of Vigo, University Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Carlos Vila
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo, Polytechnic Building (Campus Ourense), University Campus As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), University of Vigo, University Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Koen Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation, Maastricht University, Campus Venlo, St. Jansweg 20, 5928 RC Venlo, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Juan C Parajó
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo, Polytechnic Building (Campus Ourense), University Campus As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), University of Vigo, University Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - José L Alonso
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo, Polytechnic Building (Campus Ourense), University Campus As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), University of Vigo, University Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
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28
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Modulation of equol production via different dietary regimens in an artificial model of the human colon. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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29
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Blanco-Morales V, Garcia-Llatas G, Yebra MJ, Sentandreu V, Lagarda MJ, Alegría A. Impact of a Plant Sterol- and Galactooligosaccharide-Enriched Beverage on Colonic Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Composition Using an In Vitro Dynamic Model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1884-1895. [PMID: 31523960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A beverage enriched with plant sterols (1 g/100 mL) and galactooligosaccharides (1.8 g/100 mL) was subjected to a dynamic gastrointestinal and colonic fermentation process to evaluate the effect on sterol metabolism, organic acid production, and microbiota composition. Production of sterol metabolites (coprostanol, methylcoprostanol, ethylcoprostenol, ethylcoprostanol, and sitostenone) was observed in the transverse colon (TC) and descending colon (DC) vessels in general, from 24 and 48 h, respectively. Microbial activity was assessed through the production of organic acids, mainly acetate in all colon vessels, lactate in the AC, and butyrate and propionate in the TC and DC. A higher diversity in the microbial community was found in the TC and DC, in accordance with a higher sterol metabolism and organic acid production. Although the prebiotic effect of galactooligosaccharides was not detected, changes in microbiota composition (an increase in the Parabacteroides genus and the Synergistaceae and Lachnospiraceae families) indicated an enhancement of sterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Blanco-Morales
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n , 46100 Burjassot , Valencia , Spain
| | - Guadalupe Garcia-Llatas
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n , 46100 Burjassot , Valencia , Spain
| | - María J Yebra
- Laboratory of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA) . Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) , Avenida Agustín Escardino 7 , 46980 Paterna , Valencia , Spain
| | - Vicente Sentandreu
- Genomics Section, Central Service for Experimental Research (SCSIE) , University of Valencia , Carrer del Doctor Moliner 50 , 46100 Burjassot , Valencia , Spain
| | - María Jesús Lagarda
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n , 46100 Burjassot , Valencia , Spain
| | - Amparo Alegría
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n , 46100 Burjassot , Valencia , Spain
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30
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Sáyago-Ayerdi SG, Zamora-Gasga VM, Venema K. Changes in gut microbiota in predigested Hibiscus sabdariffa L calyces and Agave (Agave tequilana weber) fructans assessed in a dynamic in vitro model (TIM-2) of the human colon. Food Res Int 2020; 132:109036. [PMID: 32331660 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hibiscus sabdariffa (Hb) calyces are a source of dietary fiber (DF) and phenolic compounds. Agave fructans (AF) and oligofructans (OF) are considered as soluble DF. The aim of the study was to investigate changes in gut microbiota upon feeding predigested Hb, AF, OF or Mix (Hb/AF) to a dynamic, validated in vitro model of the human colon (TIM-2), using sequencing of the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. A pooled human fecal microbiota was used. Production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), branched-chain fatty acids (BSCFAs) and ammonia was also assessed. Samples were taken after 0, 24, 48 and 72 h. Principal component (PC) analysis of fermentation metabolites and relative abundance of genera was carried out, and extracted factors were based on eigenvalues >1.0 and explained >60% of variance. Fermentation of samples resulted in different SCFAS concentrations. The highest butyric acid production was on AF and OF, while the molar ratio of SCFAS on Hb was 63:18:18 for acetic, propionic and butyric acid, respectively. BSCFAS were also produced upon feeding the studied substrates, but in much lower concentrations. About 45 bacteria genera were identified and 10 of these were the most abundant changing during the fermentation time, amongst which a high relative abundance in Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides and Catenibacterium, that changed during the fermentation time depending of substrate. Hb feeding after 48 h led to Bifidobacterium being the most abundant genus. Two PCs were identified: after 24 h of fermentation PC1 was highly influenced by Bifidobacterium and Prevotella, which was related with Hb and SIEM feeding. Evaluation of the changes in metabolites and gut microbiota composition during colonic fermentation in a validated in vitro model provides a complete and reliable view of the potential prebiotic effect of different dietary fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia G Sáyago-Ayerdi
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico No 2595, Col. Lagos del Country CP, 63175 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | - Victor M Zamora-Gasga
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico No 2595, Col. Lagos del Country CP, 63175 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Koen Venema
- Maastricht University - Campus Venlo, Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation, St. Jansweg 20, 5928 RC Venlo, the Netherlands.
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31
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Fois CAM, Le TYL, Schindeler A, Naficy S, McClure DD, Read MN, Valtchev P, Khademhosseini A, Dehghani F. Models of the Gut for Analyzing the Impact of Food and Drugs. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900968. [PMID: 31592579 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Models of the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) can be powerful tools for examining the biological interactions of food products and pharmaceuticals. This can be done under normal healthy conditions or using models of disease-many of which have no curative therapy. This report outlines the field of gastrointestinal modeling, with a particular focus on the intestine. Traditional in vivo animal models are compared to a range of in vitro models. In vitro systems are elaborated over time, recently culminating with microfluidic intestines-on-chips (IsOC) and 3D bioengineered models. Macroscale models are also reviewed for their important contribution in the microbiota studies. Lastly, it is discussed how in silico approaches may have utility in predicting and interpreting experimental data. The various advantages and limitations of the different systems are contrasted. It is posited that only through complementary use of these models will salient research questions be able to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Anna Maria Fois
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Centre for Advanced Food Enginomics University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Thi Yen Loan Le
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Centre for Advanced Food Enginomics University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Aaron Schindeler
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Centre for Advanced Food Enginomics University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Sina Naficy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Centre for Advanced Food Enginomics University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Dale David McClure
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Centre for Advanced Food Enginomics University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Mark Norman Read
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Centre for Advanced Food Enginomics University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Peter Valtchev
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Centre for Advanced Food Enginomics University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department of Bioengineering Department of Radiology California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Fariba Dehghani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Centre for Advanced Food Enginomics University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
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32
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Hu S, Xu Y, Gao X, Li S, Jiang W, Liu Y, Su L, Yang H. Long-Chain Bases from Sea Cucumber Alleviate Obesity by Modulating Gut Microbiota. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17080455. [PMID: 31374958 PMCID: PMC6723202 DOI: 10.3390/md17080455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of long-chain bases from sea cucumber (SC-LCBs) on modulation of the gut microbiota and inhibition of obesity in high fat diet-fed mice. Results showed that SC-LCBs exerted significant antiobese effects, which were associated with the inhibition of hyperglycemia and lipid accumulation. SC-LCBs also regulated serum adipocytokines toward to normal levels. SC-LCBs caused significant decreases in Firmicutes, Actinobacteria phylum, and obesity-related bacteria (Desulfovibro, Bifidobacterium, Romboutsia etc. genus). SC-LCBs also elevated Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia phylum, and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria (Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group etc. genus). Moreover, serum and fecal lipoplysaccharide (LPS) concentrations and its dependent toll-line receptor 4 pathway were inhibited by SC-LCBs treatment. SC-LCBs caused increases in fecal SCFAs and their mediated G-protein-coupled receptors proteins. These suggest that SC-LCBs alleviate obesity by altering gut microbiota. Thus, it sought to indicate that SC-LCBs can be developed as food supplement for the obesity control and the human gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Hu
- Innovation Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yangli Xu
- Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Food Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Shijie Li
- Innovation Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Innovation Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Innovation Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Laijin Su
- Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou 325006, China.
| | - Huicheng Yang
- Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China
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