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Verstrepen L, Calatayud-Arroyo M, Duysburgh C, De Medts J, Ekmay RD, Marzorati M. Amino Acid Digestibility of Different Formulations of Torula Yeast in an In Vitro Porcine Gastrointestinal Digestion Model and Their Protective Effects on Barrier Function and Inflammation in a Caco-2/THP1Co-Culture Model. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2812. [PMID: 37760211 PMCID: PMC10526019 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell protein from torula yeast (Cyberlindnera jadinii) grown on lignocellulosic biomass has been proven to be an excellent alternative protein source for animal feed. This study aimed to evaluate the amino acid (AA) digestibility by estimating intestinal absorption from three yeast-based ingredients, produced by cultivating C. jadinii on hydrolysate, using either mixed woody species (drum- (WDI) or spray-dried (WSI)) or corn dextrose (drum-dried (DDI)) as the carbon source. Further, the protective effect of intestinal digests on activated THP1-Blue™-induced epithelial damage and cytokine profile was evaluated. Total protein content from these three ingredients ranged from 34 to 45%, while the AA dialysis showed an estimated bioaccessibility between 41 and 58%, indicating good digestibility of all test products. A protective effect against epithelial-induced damage was observed for two of the three tested products. Torula yeast cultivated on wood and drum-dried (WDI) and torula yeast cultivated on wood and spray-dried (WSI) significantly increased transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values (111-147%, p < 0.05), recovering the epithelial barrier from the inflammation-induced damage in a dose-dependent manner. Further, WSI digests significantly reduced IL8 (250.8 ± 28.1 ng/mL), IL6 (237.9 ± 1.8 pg/mL) and TNF (2797.9 ± 216.3 pg/mL) compared to the blank control (IL8 = 485.7 ± 74.4 ng/mL, IL6 = 478.7 ± 58.9 pg/mL; TNF = 4273.5 ± 20.9 pg/mL) (p < 0.05). These results align with previous in vivo studies, supporting torula yeast-based ingredients as a high-quality protein source for pigs, protecting the intestinal barrier from inflammatory damage, and reducing the pro-inflammatory response. We provided novel insights into the mechanisms behind the health improvement of pigs fed on torula yeast-based ingredients, with potential applications for designing nutritional interventions to recover intestinal homeostasis during critical production periods, such as weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Verstrepen
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (L.V.); (C.D.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Marta Calatayud-Arroyo
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Cindy Duysburgh
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (L.V.); (C.D.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Jelle De Medts
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (L.V.); (C.D.); (J.D.M.)
| | | | - Massimo Marzorati
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (L.V.); (C.D.); (J.D.M.)
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Industrial-Scale Production of Mycotoxin Binder from the Red Yeast Sporidiobolus pararoseus KM281507. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040353. [PMID: 35448584 PMCID: PMC9029514 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Red yeast Sporidiobolus pararoseus KM281507 has been recognized as a potential feed additive. Beyond their nutritional value (carotenoids and lipids), red yeast cells (RYCs) containing high levels of β-glucan can bind mycotoxins. This study investigated the industrial feasibility of the large-scale production of RYCs, along with their ability to act as a mycotoxin binder. Under a semi-controlled pH condition in a 300 L bioreactor, 28.70-g/L biomass, 8.67-g/L lipids, and 96.10-mg/L total carotenoids were obtained, and the RYCs were found to contain 5.73% (w/w) β-glucan. The encapsulated RYC was in vitro tested for its mycotoxin adsorption capacity, including for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEA), ochratoxin A (OTA), T-2 toxin (T-2) and deoxynivalenol (DON). The RYCs had the highest binding capacity for OTA and T-2 at concentrations of 0.31–1.25 and 0.31–2.5 µg/mL, respectively. The mycotoxin adsorption capacity was further tested using a gastrointestinal poultry model. The adsorption capacities of the RYCs and a commercial mycotoxin binder (CMB) were comparable. The RYCs not only are rich in lipids and carotenoids but also play an important role in mycotoxin binding. Since the industrial-scale production and downstream processing of RYCs were successfully demonstrated, RYCs could be applied as possible feed additives.
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Kanmanee C, Srinual O, Punyatong M, Moonmanee T, Lumsangkul C, Tangtaweewipat S, Van Doan H, Yachai M, Chaiyaso T, Tapingkae W. Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Red Yeast (Sporidiobolus pararoseus) on Productive Performance, Egg Quality, and Duodenal Cell Proliferation of Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030238. [PMID: 35158561 PMCID: PMC8833782 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The present study investigated the effect of different levels of red yeast added to the diet of laying hens as a substitute for antibiotics. The aim of this study is to measure growth performance, egg quality, and small intestinal health of hens receiving this supplement at various levels during 22–60 weeks of age. The results indicate that supplementation with dietary red yeast has a positive effect on productivity and gut health; thus, we suggest administration of this additive as a substitute for antibiotics in laying hens. Abstract Nowadays, industrial poultry producers are more focused on the safety of their products, especially contaminants from feedstuffs such as mycotoxin and pesticides. The residue from animal production using antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) may cause some problems with antimicrobial resistance in human and animals. Red yeast (Sporidiobolus pararoseus) has a cell wall consisting of β-glucan and mannan-oligosaccharides and pigments from carotenoids that may be suitable for use as a substitute for AGPs. The objective was to evaluate the effects of red yeast in laying hen diets on productive performance, egg quality, and duodenal health. A total of 22-week-old laying hens (n = 480) were divided into five groups: control diet (CON), AGP at 4.5 g/kg and red yeast supplementation at 1.0 (RY1.0), 2.0 (RY2.0) and 4.0 g/kg (RY4.0) of diet. The results show that the AGP, RY2.0, and RY4.0 groups had significantly higher final body weight compared with the other groups (p < 0.001). The red yeast supplementation improved the egg shape index (p = 0.025), Haugh unit (p < 0.001), and yolk color (p = 0.037), and decreased yolk cholesterol (p < 0.001). Diet with red yeast supplementation improved villus height to crypt depth ratio and crypt cell proliferations. In conclusion, red yeast supplementation at 2.0 g/kg of diet can substitute AGP in layer diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanidapha Kanmanee
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (T.M.); (C.L.); (S.T.); (H.V.D.)
| | - Orranee Srinual
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (T.M.); (C.L.); (S.T.); (H.V.D.)
| | - Montri Punyatong
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (T.M.); (C.L.); (S.T.); (H.V.D.)
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Tossapol Moonmanee
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (T.M.); (C.L.); (S.T.); (H.V.D.)
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Chompunut Lumsangkul
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (T.M.); (C.L.); (S.T.); (H.V.D.)
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Suchon Tangtaweewipat
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (T.M.); (C.L.); (S.T.); (H.V.D.)
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (T.M.); (C.L.); (S.T.); (H.V.D.)
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Mongkol Yachai
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Thanongsak Chaiyaso
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | - Wanaporn Tapingkae
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (T.M.); (C.L.); (S.T.); (H.V.D.)
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-81-594-1833
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Wang T, Cheng K, Li Q, Wang T. Effects of yeast hydrolysate supplementation on intestinal morphology, barrier, and anti-inflammatory functions of broilers. Anim Biosci 2022; 35:858-868. [PMID: 34991218 PMCID: PMC9066044 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary yeast hydrolysate (YH) supplementation on intestinal morphology, barrier, and anti-inflammatory functions of broilers. Methods A total of 320 one day old male broilers were randomly allocated into four groups with eight replicates of ten broilers each. The broilers were supplemented with a basal diet (the control group) or basal diets adding 50, 100, 150 mg/kg YH, respectively. This trial lasted for 42 days. The orthogonal polynomial contrasts were used to determine the linear and quadratic effects of increasing levels of YH. Results In our previous research, supplementing YH improved growth performance by enhancing body weight gain but decreased feed-to-gain ratio. In this study, compared with the control group, dietary YH addition linearly and quadratically decreased serum diamine oxidase activity (p<0.05). Additionally, supplementing YH linearly and/or quadratically decreased jejunal crypt depth (CD), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) concentration as well as mucin 2, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, TNF-α, nuclear factor kappa B, and myeloid differentiation factor 88 gene expression levels (p<0.05). Whereas the jejunal villus height (VH), VH/CD, IL-10 concentration as well as zonula occludens-1 and IL-10 gene expression levels were linearly and/or quadratically increased by YH supplementation (p<0.05). Conclusion Dietary YH supplementation improved intestinal morphology, barrier and anti-inflammatory functions while decreased intestinal permeability of broilers, which might be related with altering pertinent genes expression. This study provides evidence of YH as a promising feed additive for broilers.
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Muthuramalingam K, Kim Y, Cho M. β-glucan, "the knight of health sector": critical insights on physiochemical heterogeneities, action mechanisms and health implications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6908-6931. [PMID: 33819119 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1908221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
β-glucans, the class of biological response modifier has unceasing attention, not only for its immune stimulating but also for its role as prebiotics, modulator of physiological events etc. and is widely used in the treatment of cancer, diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular diseases etc. However, β-glucan with different physiochemical properties is found to have discrete clinical functions and thus careful selection of the types of β-glucan plays pivotal role in providing significant and expected clinical outcome. Herein this review, we presented the factors responsible for diverse functional properties of β-glucan, their distinct mode of actions in regulating human health etc. Further, clinical aspects of different β-glucans toward the management of wound care, metabolic dysbiosis, fatty liver disorders and endurance training associated energy metabolism were compiled and exhibited in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthika Muthuramalingam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmee Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonjae Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Medical Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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Use of random forest analysis to quantify the importance of the structural characteristics of beta-glucans for prebiotic development. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Chuang WY, Hsieh YC, Lee TT. The Effects of Fungal Feed Additives in Animals: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E805. [PMID: 32384791 PMCID: PMC7278461 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As probiotics, fungi enhance animal health and are suitable animal feed additives. In addition to brewing fungi, there are also edible and medicinal fungi. Common fungi utilized in feeding programs include Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Pleurotus spp., Antrodia cinnamomea, and Cordyceps militaris. These fungi are rich in glucans, polysaccharides, polyphenols, triterpenes, ergosterol, adenosine, and laccases. These functional components play important roles in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and immune system regulation. As such, fungal feed additives could be of potential use when breeding livestock. In previous studies, fungal feed additives enhanced body weight and egg production in poultry and improved the feed conversion rate. Several mycotoxins can be produced by hazardous fungi but fortunately, the cell walls constituents and enzymes of fungal probiotics can also act to decrease the toxicity of mycotoxins. Overall, fungal feed additives are of value, but their safety and usage must be studied further, including cost-benefit economic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang Chuang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (W.Y.C.); (Y.C.H.)
| | - Yun Chen Hsieh
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (W.Y.C.); (Y.C.H.)
| | - Tzu-Tai Lee
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (W.Y.C.); (Y.C.H.)
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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