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Yamamoto Y, Sugita G, Hiraoka M, Takagi S, Yamagishi N, Kawashima S, Tanioka K, Nishi T, Yamamoto S, Kakutani C, Yanase A, Kanai Y, Kato S, Hotomi M. Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. strain NTM048 ameliorated nasal symptoms in patients with Japan cedar pollinosis: Randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35343. [PMID: 37960817 PMCID: PMC10637569 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactobacillales including L mesenteroides have beneficial effects on human health, including improvement of psychological status and alleviation of allergic rhinitis. In mice, L mesenteroides subsp. strain NTM048 (NTM048) increased intestinal s-IgA. In humans, however, the effects of NTM048 on s-IgA secretion have been unclear. STUDY This 16-week trial was performed using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group design. We aimed to establish whether Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. strain NTM048 increases the secretion of s-IgA in saliva. Forty healthy adults and forty patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis were recruited. Participants took either 2 test capsules including NTM048 (1010 CFU/day), or 2 placebo capsules per day, for 16 weeks. They were asked to collect their saliva and answered POMS2, a questionnaire about psychological status. The patients also answered questions about nasal symptoms. Blood samples were collected from the patients with Japanese Cedar pollinosis. Stool samples were collected at the start and on the last day of the trial. RESULTS All subjects completed the trial. It was conducted during the season when Japanese cedar pollen is most scattered. Serum concentration of Japanese cedar pollen-specific IgE was > 2.0 UA/mL in patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis. The amount of s-IgA in saliva was not increased by NTM048 in overall subjects, and Japanese cedar pollen-specific IgE was not changed by NTM048 in patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis. The symptom of nasal blockage was improved by NTM048 12 weeks after the start of trial. post hoc analysis indicated a positive correlation between improving psychological status and the increase in occupation ratio of lactobacillus including NTM048. CONCLUSION The amount of s-IgA in saliva was not increased by NTM048, but nasal blockage was improved by it. Psychological status might be improved if dosage of NTM048 is raised to the degree that NTM048 might be increased in the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Gen Sugita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masanobu Hiraoka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Saori Takagi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Naoko Yamagishi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shuji Kawashima
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kensuke Tanioka
- Clinical Study Support Center, Wakayama Medical University Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Toshio Nishi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Sachi Yamamoto
- Department of Nursing, Wakayama Medical University Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Chiemi Kakutani
- Department of Nursing, Wakayama Medical University Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Agi Yanase
- Department of Nursing, Wakayama Medical University Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Kanai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Seiya Kato
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Muneki Hotomi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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Aliyu AI, Nixon A, Hoad CL, Marciani L, Corsetti M, Aithal GP, Cordon SM, Macdonald IA, Alhussain MH, Inoue H, Yamada M, Taylor MA. A comparative, randomised MRI study of the physiological and appetitive responses to gelling (alginate) and non-gelling nasogastric tube feeds in healthy men. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1316-1328. [PMID: 36746392 PMCID: PMC10511685 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inclusion in nasogastric tube feeds (NGTF) of acid-sensitive, seaweed-derived alginate, expected to form a reversible gel in the stomach, may create a more normal intragastric state and modified gastrointestinal responses. This may ameliorate NGTF-associated risk of diarrhoea, upper gastrointestinal symptoms and appetite suppression. In a randomised, crossover, comparison study, undertaken in twelve healthy males, an alginate-containing feed (F + ALG) or one that was alginate-free (F-ALG) (300 ml) was given over 1 h with a 7-14-d washout period between treatments. Baseline and for 4-h post-feed initiation, MRI measurements were made to establish small bowel water content (SBWC), gastric contents volume (GCV) and appearance, and superior mesenteric artery blood flux. Blood glucose and gut peptides were measured. Subjective appetite and upper gastrointestinal symptoms scores were obtained. Ad libitum pasta consumption 3-h post-feeding was measured. F + ALG exhibited a gastric appearance consistent with gelling surrounded by a freely mobile water halo. Significant main effects of feed were seen for SBWC (P = 0·03) and peptide YY (PYY) (P = 0·004) which were attributed to generally higher values for SBWC with F + ALG (max difference between adjusted means 72 ml at 210 min) and generally lower values for PYY with F + ALG. GCV showed a faster reduction with F + ALG, less between-participant variation and a feed-by-time interaction (P = 0·04). Feed-by-time interactions were also seen with glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) (P = 0·02) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) (P = 0·002), both showing a blunted response with F + ALG. Apparent intragastric gelling with F + ALG and subsequent differences in gastrointestinal and endocrine responses have been demonstrated between an alginate-containing and alginate-free feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulsalam I. Aliyu
- Department of Human Physiology, College of Medical Sciences, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria
- The David Greenfield Human Physiology Unit, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Aline Nixon
- The David Greenfield Human Physiology Unit, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Caroline L. Hoad
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Luca Marciani
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Maura Corsetti
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Guruprasad P. Aithal
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sally M. Cordon
- The David Greenfield Human Physiology Unit, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian A. Macdonald
- The David Greenfield Human Physiology Unit, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maha H. Alhussain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiroaki Inoue
- Global Planning Group, Medical Solutions Vehicle, KANEKA CORPORATION, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Yamada
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Laboratories, KANEKA CORPORATION, Kobe, Japan
| | - Moira A. Taylor
- The David Greenfield Human Physiology Unit, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Uehira Y, Ueno H, Miyamoto J, Kimura I, Ishizawa Y, Iijima H, Muroga S, Fujita T, Sakai S, Samukawa Y, Tanaka Y, Murayama S, Sakoda H, Nakazato M. Impact of the lipase inhibitor orlistat on the human gut microbiota. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023; 17:411-420. [PMID: 37679239 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Orlistat, an anti-obesity agent, inhibits the metabolism and absorption of dietary fat by inactivating pancreatic lipase in the gut. The effect of orlistat on the gut microbiota of Japanese individuals with obesity is unknown. This study aimed to explore the effects of orlistat on the gut microbiota and fatty acid metabolism of Japanese individuals with obesity. Fourteen subjects with visceral fat obesity (waist circumference ≥85 cm) took orlistat orally at a dose of 60 mg, 3 times a day for 8 weeks. Body weight; waist circumference; visceral fat area; levels of short-chain fatty acids, gut microbiota, fatty acid metabolites in the feces, and gastrointestinal hormones; and adverse events were evaluated. Body weight, waist circumference, and blood leptin concentrations were significantly lower after orlistat treatment (mean ± standard deviation, 77.8 ± 9.1 kg; 91.9 ± 8.7 cm; and 4546 ± 3211 pg/mL, respectively) compared with before treatment (79.4 ± 9.0 kg; 94.4 ± 8.0 cm; and 5881 ± 3526 pg/mL, respectively). Significant increases in fecal levels of fatty acid metabolites (10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid, 10-oxo-cis-12-octadecenoic acid, and 10-oxo-trans-11-octadecenoic acid) were detected. Meanwhile, no significant changes were found in abdominal computed tomography parameters, blood marker levels, or short-chain fatty acid levels in the feces. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that some study subjects had decreased abundance of Firmicutes, increased abundance of Bacteroidetes, and increased α-diversity indices (Chao1 and ACE) after 8 weeks of treatment. The levels of Lactobacillus genus and Lactobacillus gasseri were significantly higher after 8 weeks of treatment. None of the subjects discontinued treatment or experienced severe adverse events. This study suggested that orlistat might alter gut microbiota composition and affect the body through fatty acid metabolites produced by the modified gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Uehira
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ueno
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Junki Miyamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yohei Ishizawa
- DNA Chip Research Inc., Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0022, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iijima
- DNA Chip Research Inc., Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0022, Japan
| | - Shota Muroga
- Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-8633, Japan
| | - Toru Fujita
- Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-8633, Japan
| | - Soichi Sakai
- Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-8633, Japan
| | | | - Yuri Tanaka
- Department of Bioregulatory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Shinya Murayama
- Department of Bioregulatory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sakoda
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; Department of Bioregulatory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Nakazato
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; Department of Bioregulatory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; Department of Inter-organ Communication Research Project, Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Funami T, Nakauma M. Cation-responsive food polysaccharides and their usage in food and pharmaceutical products for improved quality of life. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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Zhang Z, Wang X, Li F. An exploration of alginate oligosaccharides modulating intestinal inflammatory networks via gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1072151. [PMID: 36778853 PMCID: PMC9909292 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1072151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) can be obtained by acidolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis. The products obtained by different methods have different structures and physiological functions. AOS have received increasing interest because of their many health-promoting properties. AOS have been reported to exert protective roles for intestinal homeostasis by modulating gut microbiota, which is closely associated with intestinal inflammation, gut barrier strength, bacterial infection, tissue injury, and biological activities. However, the roles of AOS in intestinal inflammation network remain not well understood. A review of published reports may help us to establish the linkage that AOS may improve intestinal inflammation network by affecting T helper type 1 (Th1) Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22 and regulatory T (Treg) cells, and their secreted cytokines [the hub genes of protein-protein interaction networks include interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)] via the regulation of probiotics. The potential functional roles of molecular mechanisms are explored in this study. However, the exact mechanism for the direct interaction between AOS and probiotics or pathogenic bacteria is not yet fully understood. AOS receptors may be located on the plasma membrane of gut microbiota and will be a key solution to address such an important issue. The present paper provides a better understanding of the protecting functions of AOS on intestinal inflammation and immunity.
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Kono G, Yoshida K, Kokubo E, Ikeda M, Matsubara T, Koyama T, Iwamoto H, Miyaji K. Fermentation Supernatant of Elderly Feces with Inulin and Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum Maintains the Barrier of Inflammation-Induced Caco-2/HT29-MTX-E12 Co-Cultured Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1510-1517. [PMID: 36622307 PMCID: PMC9880993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal barrier function declines with aging. We evaluated the effect of dietary fibers and indigestible oligosaccharides on intestinal barrier function by altering the microbiota of the elderly. The feces were anaerobically cultured with indigestible dextrin, inulin, partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG), lactulose, raffinose, or alginate, and the fermented supernatant was added to inflammation-induced Caco-2/HT29-MTX-E12 co-cultured cells. Our data showed that inulin- and PHGG-derived supernatants exerted a protective effect on the intestinal barrier. The protective effect was significantly positively correlated with total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and butyric acid production in the supernatant and negatively correlated with the claudin-2 (CLDN2) gene expression in the cultured cells. Furthermore, we showed that the CLDN2 levels are regulated by butyric acid. Thus, inulin and PHGG can change the intestinal environment of the elderly and maintain the intestinal barrier by accelerating the production of SCFAs and modifying the expression levels of barrier function-related genes.
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WATANABE S, OHNO A, YOMODA S, INAMASU S. Arctigenin-containing burdock sprout extract prevents obesity in association with modulation of the gut microbiota in mice. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2023; 42:49-55. [PMID: 36660596 PMCID: PMC9816047 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2021-070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have suggested that the gut microbiota affect the health of the host. For example, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio and the proportion of Akkermansia muciniphila in the microbiota have been closely linked to obesity. In this study, we evaluated the effects of an anti-obesity lignan compound, arctigenin (AG), and burdock sprout extract (GSE), which contains AG, on the gut microbiota of an obese mouse model. C57BL/6J mice were fed high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diets containing AG, GSE, or metformin (MF) for 8 weeks. The composition of the gut microbiota and the cecal content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Body weight gain was significantly suppressed in mice treated with AG, GSE, and MF. Analysis of the gut microbiota revealed that the F/B ratio was significantly reduced in the AG- and GSE-treated groups. Furthermore, the copy number of A. muciniphila in the feces was significantly increased in obese mice treated with AG and GSE. In addition, the amount of SCFAs (acetic, propionic, and butyric acids) in the cecal content and their fecal excretions were also significantly increased following AG and GSE treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that AG and GSE prevent obesity by improving the composition of the gut microbiota. Moreover, AG promoted the growth of A. muciniphila in vitro. Thus, AG and GSE may function as novel prebiotic supplements to ameliorate obesity, constipation, and intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei WATANABE
- R&D Innovation Group, Kracie Holdings, Ltd., 20-20 Kaigan
3-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8080, Japan,*Corresponding author. Shimpei Watanabe (E-mail: )
| | - Akiko OHNO
- R&D Innovation Group, Kracie Holdings, Ltd., 20-20 Kaigan
3-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8080, Japan
| | - Satoshi YOMODA
- R&D Innovation Group, Kracie Holdings, Ltd., 20-20 Kaigan
3-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8080, Japan
| | - Satoshi INAMASU
- R&D Innovation Group, Kracie Holdings, Ltd., 20-20 Kaigan
3-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8080, Japan
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Zhang Y, Feng D, Zeng Y, Zhang H, Du X, Fu Y, Wang X, Lian D, Wang R, Xiao H, Wei N, Zhai F, Liu H. Xuedan Sustained Release Pellets Ameliorate Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats by Targeting Gut Microbiota and MAPK Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:833972. [PMID: 35652042 PMCID: PMC9149600 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.833972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitacins have a variety of bioactivities, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant-like, and antiviral effects, but their pharmacological effect in ulcerative colitis (UC) has not been reported until now. Thus, this study aims to investigate the preventive effects of Xuedan sustained release pellets (XSPs) on UC rats and the underlying mechanisms. XSPs were prepared by extracting cucurbitacins from Hemsleya. Experimental UC rats were induced by the intake of 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for a week and treated with different doses of XSP (0.95, 1.90, and 3.8 mg/kg). The body weight, colon length, disease activity index (DAI), and histological changes of colonic tissue were measured. In addition, the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pathways involved in the intestinal inflammation were targeted by RNA-sequencing. Moreover, the changes of gut microbial diversity and composition were analyzed by the 16SrNA analysis and the contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were detected by GC-MS. The results revealed that XSP intervention greatly restored the weight loss and colonic shortening (p < 0.05) and reduced the raised DAI scores, myeloperoxidase, and nitric oxide activities in UC in rats (p < 0.05). XSP administration also downregulated the protein levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Notably, it was found that XSP considerably suppressed the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. In addition, XSP treatment improved the balance of gut microbiota that was disturbed by DSS. The beneficial bacteria Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136 group and Lactobacillus at the genus level significantly increased in the XSP group, which had decreased with the use of DSS (p < 0.05). Pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia-Shigella and Bacteroides in UC in rats were reduced by XSP intervention. Furthermore, XSP significantly elevated the production of SCFAs in UC in rats (p < 0.05). These alterations in inflammatory status were accompanied with changes in gut microbiota diversity and SCFA production. In conclusion, XSP exhibited protective effects against DSS-induced UC in rats. XSP treatment decreased inflammation via modulation of gut microbiota composition and SCFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Feng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohong Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dingyue Lian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruikang Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyu Xiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuqiang Zhai
- Research Institute for New Materials and Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanru Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Bannon CD, Eckenberger J, Snelling WJ, Huseyin CE, Allsopp P, Strain C, Ramnani P, Chitarrari R, Grant J, Hotchkiss S, Philp K, Campbell R, Tuohy KM, Claesson MJ, Ternan NG, Dooley JSG, Sleator RD, Rowland I, Gill CIR. Low-Molecular-Weight Seaweed-Derived Polysaccharides Lead to Increased Faecal Bulk but Do Not Alter Human Gut Health Markers. Foods 2021; 10:foods10122988. [PMID: 34945540 PMCID: PMC8701010 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are potentially sustainable crops and are receiving significant interest because of their rich bioactive compound content; including fatty acids, polyphenols, carotenoids, and complex polysaccharides. However, there is little information on the in vivo effects on gut health of the polysaccharides and their low-molecular-weight derivatives. Herein, we describe the first investigation into the prebiotic potential of low-molecular-weight polysaccharides (LMWPs) derived from alginate and agar in order to validate their in vivo efficacy. We conducted a randomized; placebo-controlled trial testing the impact of alginate and agar LWMPs on faecal weight and other markers of gut health and on composition of gut microbiota. We show that these LMWPs led to significantly increased faecal bulk (20–30%). Analysis of gut microbiome composition by sequencing indicated no significant changes attributable to treatment at the phylum and family level, although FISH analysis showed an increase in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in subjects consuming agar LMWP. Sequence analysis of gut bacteria corroborated with the FISH data, indicating that alginate and agar LWMPs do not alter human gut microbiome health markers. Crucially, our findings suggest an urgent need for robust and rigorous human in vivo testing—in particular, using refined seaweed extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara D. Bannon
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co., Londonderry BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK; (C.D.B.); (W.J.S.); (P.A.); (J.S.G.D.); (C.I.R.G.)
| | - Julia Eckenberger
- School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (J.E.); (C.E.H.); (M.J.C.)
| | - William John Snelling
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co., Londonderry BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK; (C.D.B.); (W.J.S.); (P.A.); (J.S.G.D.); (C.I.R.G.)
| | - Chloe Elizabeth Huseyin
- School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (J.E.); (C.E.H.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Philip Allsopp
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co., Londonderry BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK; (C.D.B.); (W.J.S.); (P.A.); (J.S.G.D.); (C.I.R.G.)
| | - Conall Strain
- Moorepark Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Fermoy, Co., P61 C966 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Priya Ramnani
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK; (P.R.); (R.C.); (I.R.)
| | - Roberto Chitarrari
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK; (P.R.); (R.C.); (I.R.)
| | - John Grant
- Kerry Global Technology and Innovation Centre, Millennium Park, Naas, Co., W91 W923 Kildare, Ireland;
| | - Sarah Hotchkiss
- CyberColloids Ltd., Carrigaline Industrial Estate, Carrigaline, Co., P43 VR72 Cork, Ireland; (S.H.); (K.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Kevin Philp
- CyberColloids Ltd., Carrigaline Industrial Estate, Carrigaline, Co., P43 VR72 Cork, Ireland; (S.H.); (K.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Ross Campbell
- CyberColloids Ltd., Carrigaline Industrial Estate, Carrigaline, Co., P43 VR72 Cork, Ireland; (S.H.); (K.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Kieran Michael Tuohy
- Nutrition and Nutrigenomics Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098 S. Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy;
| | - Marcus J. Claesson
- School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (J.E.); (C.E.H.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Nigel George Ternan
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co., Londonderry BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK; (C.D.B.); (W.J.S.); (P.A.); (J.S.G.D.); (C.I.R.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - James S. G. Dooley
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co., Londonderry BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK; (C.D.B.); (W.J.S.); (P.A.); (J.S.G.D.); (C.I.R.G.)
| | - Roy D. Sleator
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Ian Rowland
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK; (P.R.); (R.C.); (I.R.)
| | - Chris I. R. Gill
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co., Londonderry BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK; (C.D.B.); (W.J.S.); (P.A.); (J.S.G.D.); (C.I.R.G.)
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Akagawa S, Akagawa Y, Nakai Y, Yamagishi M, Yamanouchi S, Kimata T, Chino K, Tamiya T, Hashiyada M, Akane A, Tsuji S, Kaneko K. Fiber-Rich Barley Increases Butyric Acid-Producing Bacteria in the Human Gut Microbiota. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080559. [PMID: 34436500 PMCID: PMC8399161 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Butyric acid produced in the intestine by butyric acid-producing bacteria (BAPB) is known to suppress excessive inflammatory response and may prevent chronic disease development. We evaluated whether fiber-rich barley intake increases BAPB in the gut and concomitantly butyric acid in feces. Eighteen healthy adults received granola containing functional barley (BARLEYmax®) once daily for four weeks. Fecal DNA before intake, after intake, and one month after intake was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess microbial diversity, microbial composition at the order level, and the proportion of BAPB. Fecal butyric acid concentration was also measured. There were no significant differences in diversities and microbial composition between samples. The proportion of BAPB increased significantly after the intake (from 5.9% to 8.2%). However, one month after stopping the intake, the proportion of BAPB returned to the original value (5.4%). Fecal butyric acid concentration increased significantly from 0.99 mg/g feces before intake to 1.43 mg/g after intake (p = 0.028), which decreased significantly to 0.87 mg/g after stopping intake (p = 0.008). As BAPB produce butyric acid by degrading dietary fiber, functional barley may act as a prebiotic, increasing BAPB and consequently butyric acid in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Akagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan; (S.A.); (Y.A.); (Y.N.); (M.Y.); (S.Y.); (T.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Yuko Akagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan; (S.A.); (Y.A.); (Y.N.); (M.Y.); (S.Y.); (T.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Yoko Nakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan; (S.A.); (Y.A.); (Y.N.); (M.Y.); (S.Y.); (T.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Mitsuru Yamagishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan; (S.A.); (Y.A.); (Y.N.); (M.Y.); (S.Y.); (T.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Sohsaku Yamanouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan; (S.A.); (Y.A.); (Y.N.); (M.Y.); (S.Y.); (T.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Takahisa Kimata
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan; (S.A.); (Y.A.); (Y.N.); (M.Y.); (S.Y.); (T.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Kazushige Chino
- Healthcare New Business Division, TEIJIN Limited, 3-2-1 Kasumigaseki, Tokyo 100-8585, Japan;
| | - Taiga Tamiya
- Bio Palette Co., Ltd., 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Kobe 650-0047, Japan;
| | - Masaki Hashiyada
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan; (M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Atsushi Akane
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan; (M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan; (S.A.); (Y.A.); (Y.N.); (M.Y.); (S.Y.); (T.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Kazunari Kaneko
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan; (S.A.); (Y.A.); (Y.N.); (M.Y.); (S.Y.); (T.K.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-72-804-0101
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Shannon E, Conlon M, Hayes M. Seaweed Components as Potential Modulators of the Gut Microbiota. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:358. [PMID: 34201794 PMCID: PMC8303941 DOI: 10.3390/md19070358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae, or seaweeds, are a rich source of components which may exert beneficial effects on the mammalian gut microbiota through the enhancement of bacterial diversity and abundance. An imbalance of gut bacteria has been linked to the development of disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, immunodeficiency, hypertension, type-2-diabetes, obesity, and cancer. This review outlines current knowledge from in vitro and in vivo studies concerning the potential therapeutic application of seaweed-derived polysaccharides, polyphenols and peptides to modulate the gut microbiota through diet. Polysaccharides such as fucoidan, laminarin, alginate, ulvan and porphyran are unique to seaweeds. Several studies have shown their potential to act as prebiotics and to positively modulate the gut microbiota. Prebiotics enhance bacterial populations and often their production of short chain fatty acids, which are the energy source for gastrointestinal epithelial cells, provide protection against pathogens, influence immunomodulation, and induce apoptosis of colon cancer cells. The oral bioaccessibility and bioavailability of seaweed components is also discussed, including the advantages and limitations of static and dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal models versus ex vivo and in vivo methods. Seaweed bioactives show potential for use in prevention and, in some instances, treatment of human disease. However, it is also necessary to confirm these potential, therapeutic effects in large-scale clinical trials. Where possible, we have cited information concerning these trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emer Shannon
- Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Michael Conlon
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Maria Hayes
- Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
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Suryadiningrat M, Kurniawati DY, Mujiburrahman A, Purnama MTE. Dietary polyvinyl alcohol and alginate nanofibers ameliorate hyperglycemia by reducing insulin and glucose-metabolizing enzyme levels in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Vet World 2021; 14:847-853. [PMID: 34083930 PMCID: PMC8167530 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.847-853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Dietary management and antidiabetic drugs are used as therapies for diabetic patients worldwide. Alginate nanofibers were developed as a digestible food product that provides sufficient calories. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and alginate nanofibers on weight gain, blood glucose levels, and insulin and other serum parameters in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: (C−) Control group, (C+) diabetic rats, (T1) diabetic rats + fasting treatment for 12 h, (T2) diabetic rats + nanofibers ad libitum, (T3) diabetic rats + metformin + nanofibers ad libitum, and (T4) diabetic rats + metformin. All groups were treated for 21 days. Weight gain was evaluated by comparing initial and final weights. Blood glucose levels were evaluated weekly. Serum parameters were also evaluated at the end of the study. All variables were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (p<0.05). Results: The T2, T3, and T4 groups showed a significant increase in weight compared to that of the C+ and T1 groups. The T3 group had the lowest blood glucose level of all groups at the end of the study. In the serum evaluation, the T2 and T3 groups showed a significant decrease compared to the C+ group for the following variables: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), creatinine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). In contrast, the T2 group showed a significant decrease compared to the T3 group for aspartate aminotransferase and insulin levels. Conclusion: PVA and alginate nanofibers can modulate obesity, reduce blood glucose levels, and reduce serum levels of insulin, ALT, ALP, GGT, creatinine, TNF-α, and IL-1β in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Suryadiningrat
- Department of Veterinary Science, Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Devia Yoanita Kurniawati
- Department of Veterinary Science, Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Agung Mujiburrahman
- Department of Veterinary Science, Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad Purnama
- Department of Veterinary Science, Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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