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Yue C, Tang Y, Chang M, Wang Y, Peng H, Wang X, Wang Z, Zang X, Ben H, Yu G. Dietary supplementation with short- and long-chain structured lipids alleviates obesity via regulating hepatic lipid metabolism, inflammation and gut microbiota in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:5089-5103. [PMID: 38288873 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is closely associated with lipid accumulation, inflammation and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. Short- and long-chain type structured lipids (SLCTs) are kinds of low-calorie structured lipids and demonstrate anti-obesity and hypolipidemia bioactivity. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential effects of dietary supplementation of SLCTs rich in short-chain fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids on high-fat-diet-induced obesity and gut microbiota modulation in C57BL/6J mice. RESULTS Results showed that SLCTs supplementation ameliorated body weight, dyslipidemia, liver lipid accumulation, liver injury and systemic inflammation in obese mice. As expected, immunohistochemical analysis showed that SLCTs significantly increased the expression of proliferator-activated receptor alpha and decreased the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 in liver tissue. Furthermore, SLCTs supplementation significantly downregulated the expression level of liver inflammation-related genes while upregulating the expression level of liver lipid metabolism-related genes. Additionally, SLCTs supplementation markedly enhanced the diversity of gut microbiota, reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and increased the diversity and richness of beneficial intestinal microorganisms, such as Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, Alloprevotella and Ruminococcaceae UCG-014. CONCLUSION Our work suggested that SLCTs may have the potential to reduce obesity associated with a high-fat diet by regulating liver metabolism, inflammation and gut microbiota. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonghui Yue
- College of Food & Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Material, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, China
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Tang
- College of Food & Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Menghan Chang
- College of Food & Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yueyue Wang
- College of Food & Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Huainan Peng
- College of Food & Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- College of Food & Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaodan Zang
- College of Public Health, Food Quality and Safety, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Hongyan Ben
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guoping Yu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Lucini Mas A, Sabatino ME, Theumer MG, Wunderlin DA, Baroni MV. Antioxidant activity of chia flour as a food supplement in a cellular model: Repercussions of processing and in vitro digestion. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24125. [PMID: 38226208 PMCID: PMC10788807 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Food processing and digestion can alter bioactive compound composition of food, affecting their potential biological activity. In this study, we evaluated the direct and protective antioxidant effects of polyphenols extracted from defatted chia flour (DCF) (salviaflaside, rosmarinic and fertaric acid as major compounds), sweet cookies supplemented with DCF (CFC) (same major compounds), and their digested fractions (rosmarinic acid, salviaflaside, fertaric and salvianolic E/B/L acid as major compounds) in HepG2 cells in basal and in oxidative stress conditions. DCF showed protective antioxidant effects by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein oxidation products (POP) while increasing reduced glutathione (GSH). Additionally, CFC revealed similar protective effects and even showed enhanced modulation of the antioxidant system due to the activation of antioxidant enzymes. However, the digested fractions only decreased ROS, indicating continued antioxidant effects. This study underscores the importance of evaluating manufacturing and digestion effects to confirm a food's antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Lucini Mas
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba. (ICYTAC-CONICET) SeCyT - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Sabatino
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba. (ICYTAC-CONICET) SeCyT - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Martin Gustavo Theumer
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), UNC, CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Daniel Alberto Wunderlin
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba. (ICYTAC-CONICET) SeCyT - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Verónica Baroni
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba. (ICYTAC-CONICET) SeCyT - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Hassan M, Ismail H, Hammam O, Elsayed A, Othman O, Aly Hassan S. Natural inhibitors for acetylcholinesterase and autophagy modulators as effective antagonists for tau and β-amyloid in Alzheimer's rat model. Biomarkers 2023; 28:273-288. [PMID: 36594248 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2164617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Phytochemicals have amazing biological effects in relation to age-related illnesses and are increasingly being studied in clinical trials. The goal of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the aqueous extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary) and Crocus sativus L. (Saffron) and their combinations as tau and β-amyloid antagonists in an Alzheimer's rat model. Methods: AlCl3 and D-galactose (150 & 300 mg/kg) were used to create the Alzheimer's neuroinflammation rat model. The animals were subsequently given the two extracts and their combinations (500 mg/kg) along 15 days. The cognitive impairment, oxidative stress, tau & amyloid neuroproteins, acetylcholine, acetylcholinesterase neurotransmitters, proinflammatory cytokines, LC3 as an autophagy marker, computational analysis, and morphological alterations were all assessed. Results: When compared to the conventional donepezil and normal groups, the treated groups showed a significant improvement in all calculated parameters. The cortex and hippocampus have a better morphological appearance. In silico analysis found that these extracts may have an affinity for and impede the activity of some proteins thought to be essential regulators of disease progression. Conclusion: Rosemary and Saffron extracts by the power of their constituents were able to alleviate the neurotoxicity of AlCl3 & D-galactose and regulate the natural autophagy process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat Hassan
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Hisham Ismail
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Olfat Hammam
- Pathology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdullrahman Elsayed
- Pharmacology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, British University in Egypt, Al Shorouk City, Egypt
| | - Othman Othman
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Sohair Aly Hassan
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Research Institute, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Hou M, Han W. Anti-fatigue activity of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) flavonoids via regulation of oxidative stress and gut microbiota in mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Rosemary Extract and Essential Oil as Drink Ingredients: An Evaluation of Their Chemical Composition, Genotoxicity, Antimicrobial, Antiviral, and Antioxidant Properties. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123143. [PMID: 34945695 PMCID: PMC8700793 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) is in high demand in the food and drink industries due to its distinct organoleptic properties. With the aim of evaluating the rosemary leaves as drink ingredients, both the essential oil and alcoholic (38%, v/v) extract were studied in terms of chemical composition, genotoxicity, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antioxidant properties. GC–MS analysis showed that the main volatile compounds in the essential oil were eucalyptol (40.1%), camphor (12.4%), and α-pinene (12.9%). LC–MS analysis revealed gallocatechin and rosmarinic acid as the main extract ingredients. Both the essential oil and the extract were not genotoxic (Ames test) against TA98 and TA100 at the dilutions of 5% and 90%, respectively; those dilutions were selected as the maximum possible ones in the drink industry. Their activity was investigated against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, and Adenovirus 35. Both were effective against Adenovirus and A. niger, even the essential oil at 5% (v/v). The extract at dilutions of 25–90% had more pronounced activity against tested bacteria than the essential oil at the dilutions of 5–100%; the essential oil at the dilution of 5% inhibited S. aureus growth. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, the 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid decolorization assay, and the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Both exhibited good antioxidant activity, but rosemary essential oil was far more effective than the extract. Our results demonstrate that rosemary essential oil and extract are safe and have beneficial biological properties. Therefore, they could serve as health-promoting ingredients in the drink industry.
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Liu Y, Liu Y, Guo Y, Xu L, Wang H. Phlorizin exerts potent effects against aging induced by D-galactose in mice and PC12 cells. Food Funct 2021; 12:2148-2160. [PMID: 33565551 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02707c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phlorizin is the main active ingredient of apple peel and has potential utilization value. Some recent studies have suggested that phlorizin may have antioxidant capacity and protect the liver. The injection of a low dose of d-galactose can cause some changes that resemble accelerated aging in mice. This study explored the protective effects of phlorizin on d-galactose-induced mice and PC12 cells. In this study, ICR mice were divided into a normal group (NOR), a d-galactose model group (d-gal) and phlorizin treatment groups (100 mg kg-1, 200 mg kg-1 and 400 mg kg-1). In addition to the NOR group, four other groups were injected with d-galactose (120 mg kg-1) for 12 weeks. The results showed that phlorizin reduced the decline of strength, coordination and spatial memory caused by aging, increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), increased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). On the other hand, phlorizin increased the levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and acetylcholine (ACh), reduced the release of interleukin-6 (IL-6), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and decreased the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brain, improved the expression of antioxidant genes related to the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, and reduced the occurrence of morphological lesions in the hippocampus and liver. In addition, phlorizin improved cell viability and reduced the cytotoxicity of d-galactose-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells. Meanwhile, the protective effect of phlorizin was abolished in Nrf2 gene knockdown PC12 cells. Furthermore, molecular docking showed that phlorizin could bind Keap1 protein, which can interact with Nrf2 protein. Therefore, these results suggest that phlorizin may delay senescence and enhance antioxidant capacity through the Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Yatu Guo
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Pathology Department, Tianjin Municipal Public Security Hospital, Tianjin 300042, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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