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Eck M, Simonet J, Vincent C, Thomas P, Wathelet M, Fovet T. Examen psychiatrique des personnes placées en garde à vue en France : une enquête nationale auprès d’un échantillon de psychiatres. ANNALES MÉDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES, REVUE PSYCHIATRIQUE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Gewahrsamsfähigkeitsuntersuchungen in der Notaufnahme. Notf Rett Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10049-021-00971-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Al-Qahtani AR, Amer SAM. First molecular identification of Euphlyctis ehrenbergii (Anura: Amphibia) inhabiting southwestern Saudi Arabia. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2019.1609104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Al-Qahtani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. A. M. Amer
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Forensic Biology, College of Forensic Sciences, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Coudert C, Vidal C, Lefèvre T, Chariot P. Adolescent arrestees detained in police cells: an observational study in the Paris, France, area. Int J Legal Med 2018; 133:1251-1258. [PMID: 30324326 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-018-1942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Custody conditions in police cells are often demeaning and considered inappropriate for human beings. The detention of young adolescents in police custody has received little attention. Our study aimed to describe the characteristics of adolescents under 18 detained in custody. METHODS We studied all arrestees aged 13-17 examined in 1 year (January 01-December 31, 2014) in a suburban district near Paris. We evaluated the proportion of adolescents under 18 among all arrestees detained in custody and their medical history, addictive behaviors, perceived health status, and opinion on custody. RESULTS Arrestees aged 13-17 accounted for 1859 individuals. They were predominantly males (94%) and accounted for 19% of all examinations in custody. Nearly half of the arrestees aged 13-15 (42%), and two thirds of those aged 16-17 (65%) had been previously detained in police cells. Somatic and psychiatric disorders were reported by 7% and 4%, respectively, of arrestees aged 13-17. Alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis consumption were reported by 5%, 24%, and 12%, respectively, of arrestees aged 13-15. These proportions were lower than the 16%, 50%, and 35%, respectively, reported by arrestees aged 16-17 (p < 0.0001). Assaults were reported by 18% of arrestees aged 13-17. They had a fair, bad, or very bad opinion on custody in 43% of cases. CONCLUSION The detention of adolescents in police stations is commonly associated with assaults at the time of arrest. High proportions of adolescent arrestees smoke tobacco or cannabis. We suggest that the medical examination in custody could be an opportunity for adolescents to initiate access to health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandre Coudert
- Department of Forensic and Social Medicine, hôpital Jean-Verdier (AP-HP), 93140, Bondy, France
| | - Camille Vidal
- Department of Forensic and Social Medicine, hôpital Jean-Verdier (AP-HP), 93140, Bondy, France
| | - Thomas Lefèvre
- Department of Forensic and Social Medicine, hôpital Jean-Verdier (AP-HP), 93140, Bondy, France.,Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les enjeux sociaux (IRIS), UMR 8156-997, UFR SMBH, Sorbonne Paris Cité, université Paris 13, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Chariot
- Department of Forensic and Social Medicine, hôpital Jean-Verdier (AP-HP), 93140, Bondy, France. .,Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les enjeux sociaux (IRIS), UMR 8156-997, UFR SMBH, Sorbonne Paris Cité, université Paris 13, Paris, France.
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Fablet D, Chariot P. Children detained in French police cells. J Paediatr Child Health 2018; 54:788-792. [PMID: 29442389 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Police custody is detention in response to a suspicion of crime. In France, until the age of 13, pre-trial detention and police custody are not allowed. We aimed to evaluate the practical implementation of police detention of children aged between 10 and 12 years and describe the medical characteristics and history, perceived health status and opinion on custody of the potentially affected children. METHODS A descriptive study was conducted in a French reference regional department of forensic medicine at the time of medical examination in police cells among arrestees younger than 13 years old examined over a 5-year period (1 January 2011-31 December 2015). RESULTS Children aged 10-12 years (n = 60; males, 48, 80%), accounting for 60 of 57 687 examined arrestees (0.1%), were examined over the study period. Six individuals (10%) were arrested twice or more times during the study period (for a total of 76 detentions analysed). The most common suspected crimes were theft or robbery (42/76, 55%) and physical assault (22/76, 29%). Arrestees had a favourable opinion of custody in 33 of 76 cases (43%). Children reported physical assault by the police in 6 of 76 cases (8%), and the physicians observed recent traumatic injuries in 7 of 76 cases (9%). Daily tobacco consumption was reported by 4 of 60 children (7%). No child was considered unfit for detention by the physician. CONCLUSIONS Children aged 10-12 years suspected of serious crimes accounted for 0.1% of detained individuals in police cells. Although infrequent, such situations are a matter of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothée Fablet
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Jean-Verdier Hospital (AP-HP), France
| | - Patrick Chariot
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Jean-Verdier Hospital (AP-HP), France.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Research on Social Issues, UMR 8156-997, UFR SMBH, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Lepresle A, Taprest V, Chariot P. Doctors' attendance with arrestees in police custody: Physicians' representations. J Forensic Leg Med 2018; 57:73-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gandon V, Outh-Gauer S, Chariot P. The health of female arrestees in police cells: A descriptive study. J Forensic Leg Med 2018; 57:86-90. [PMID: 29801959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little information is available regarding the medical status and health care needs of female arrestees. Our objective was to evaluate the perceived health and somatic or psychiatric disorders reported by female arrestees in police cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted an observational study in a regional reference department of forensic medicine in France. We studied female arrestees examined in police cells (01/01/2013-06/30/2013). Data were collected regarding individuals' medical characteristics, addictive behaviours, and perceived health status, as well as reported assaults or recent traumatic injuries. We recorded medical decisions regarding fitness for detention in police cells. RESULTS A total of 438 women (median age, 29; range, 13-67) accounted for 5% of the 7408 examined arrestees. Females considered their overall health as good or very good in 314/395 cases (70%). Women reported chronic somatic or psychiatric disorders more frequently than men (89/379, 23% vs. 757/6,135, 12%, p < 0.001 and 59/379, 15% vs. 392/6319, 6%, p < 0.001, respectively). Daily tobacco consumption and cannabis use were reported by 255/403 (63%) and 98/438 female arrestees (22%), respectively. Physical assaults were reported in 113/415 cases (27%). Female arrestees were considered fit for detention in 92% of cases. Among 24 pregnant arrestees, 6 (25%) were unfit for detention, 2 (8%) were fit for custody during daytime only and 16 (67%) were fit for detention if certain conditions were met. CONCLUSIONS Detention in police custody involves a minority of females. Females are older and report somatic or psychiatric disorders more frequently than males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianney Gandon
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hôpital Jean-Verdier (AP-HP), 93140 Bondy, France
| | - Sophie Outh-Gauer
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hôpital Jean-Verdier (AP-HP), 93140 Bondy, France
| | - Patrick Chariot
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hôpital Jean-Verdier (AP-HP), 93140 Bondy, France; Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur les Enjeux Sociaux (IRIS), UMR 8156-997, UFR SMBH, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 13, France.
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Lefèvre T, Denis C, Marchand C, Vidal C, Gagnayre R, Chariot P. Multiple brief interventions in police custody: The MuBIC randomized controlled study for primary prevention in police custody. Protocol and preliminary results of a feasibility study in the Paris metropolitan area, France. J Forensic Leg Med 2018; 57:101-108. [PMID: 29801943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 15- to 35-year-old population has little contact with the health care system and is exposed to risk factors. Several studies demonstrated the feasibility of brief interventions (BIs) in different settings, e.g., in addiction medicine during police custody, where arrestees are entitled to a medical examination. Approximately 700,000 individuals are detained in police custody in France annually, and custody is an opportunity for young people to be medically examined. The characteristics of the detainees and previous experience with BIs suggest that custody is an opportunity to contribute to primary prevention. We propose to investigate the feasibility of such a contribution. OBJECTIVES The aim of this article is to present a study protocol and some preliminary results. The primary research objective is to assess the feasibility of performing brief interventions without a specific topic in police custody settings in arrestees aged 15-35 years. The secondary research objectives include i) testing four strategies for engaging in BIs that maximize the chances of success of the BI; ii) identifying the determinants that can orient the practitioner's choice to use a specific strategy over another one; and iii) analysing the differences between individuals who engage in BIs and those who do not and, in those who do engage, the determinants of success of the intervention. METHODS A two-step randomized and prospective study: i) randomization of eligible patients into 4 groups of 500 patients each; analysis of the response rates for each strategy; performance of the BI; and analyses of the associated factors and ii) a real-life, full-scale phase study evaluating the effectiveness of BIs performance of the BI; and analyses of the interventions. Analyses of the determinants of a positive response to BI, of success and of the topic of intervention will be conducted. EXPECTED RESULTS The rates of BI performed, rates of success, and characteristics associated with response and with success are the main expected results. Additionally, the development and assessment of filter questions and an improved BI dedicated to primary prevention for police custody settings will be attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lefèvre
- AP-HP, Hôpital Jean-Verdier, Department of Forensic Medicine, 93140 Bondy, France; IRIS - Institut de recherches interdisciplinaires sur les enjeux sociaux (INSERM, CNRS, EHESS, Université Paris 13, UMR 8156-723), 93 100 Bobigny, France.
| | - Céline Denis
- AP-HP, Hôpital Jean-Verdier, Department of Forensic Medicine, 93140 Bondy, France.
| | - Claire Marchand
- Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Educations and Health Practices Laboratory (LEPS), (EA 3412), UFR SMBH, F-93017 Bobigny, France.
| | - Camille Vidal
- AP-HP, Hôpital Jean-Verdier, Department of Forensic Medicine, 93140 Bondy, France.
| | - Rémi Gagnayre
- Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Educations and Health Practices Laboratory (LEPS), (EA 3412), UFR SMBH, F-93017 Bobigny, France.
| | - Patrick Chariot
- AP-HP, Hôpital Jean-Verdier, Department of Forensic Medicine, 93140 Bondy, France; IRIS - Institut de recherches interdisciplinaires sur les enjeux sociaux (INSERM, CNRS, EHESS, Université Paris 13, UMR 8156-723), 93 100 Bobigny, France.
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Dorn T, Janssen A, de Keijzer JC, van Rijk-Zwikker GL, Reijnders UJL, Luitse JSK, Vandewalle E, Gorzeman MP, van Nieuwenhuizen RC, Ceelen M, Das C. Hospital referral of detainees during police custody in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. J Forensic Leg Med 2018; 57:82-85. [PMID: 29801958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study describes how many detainees have been referred to emergency departments for further evaluation or emergency care while in police custody in Amsterdam (years 2012/2013). It provides insights into the diagnoses assigned by forensic doctors and hospital specialists and the appropriateness of the referrals. We made use of the electronic registration system of the Forensic Medicine Department of the Public Health Service Amsterdam. This department is in charge of the medical care for detainees in the Amsterdam region. Hospital diagnoses were obtained through collaboration with several Amsterdam-based hospitals. According to our results, in 1.5% of all consultations performed, the detainee was referred to hospital. The most frequent reasons for referral were injuries (66%), intoxication/withdrawal (11%) and cardiac problems (7%). In 18% of all referrals, hospital admission (defined as at least one night in the hospital) was the consequence. After review of hospital files, the indication for referral as stated by the forensic physician was confirmed in 77% of all cases. A minority of referrals was considered unnecessary (7%). The identified cases allow for a discussion of cases of over-referral. Future research should focus on the problem of under-referral and associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dorn
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Promotion, Public Health Service Amsterdam, P.O. Box 2200, 1000 CE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - A Janssen
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Promotion, Public Health Service Amsterdam, P.O. Box 2200, 1000 CE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J C de Keijzer
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Public Health Service, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G L van Rijk-Zwikker
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Public Health Service, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - U J L Reijnders
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Public Health Service, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J S K Luitse
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Vandewalle
- Department of Emergency Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M P Gorzeman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Ceelen
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Promotion, Public Health Service Amsterdam, P.O. Box 2200, 1000 CE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Das
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Public Health Service, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Verdier E, Denis C, Bourokba N, Chauvin P, Chariot P. Social vulnerabilities and health conditions of arrestees in the Greater Paris area, France, in 2013: a multicentre cross-sectional study. Int J Legal Med 2017; 132:897-905. [PMID: 29090334 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-017-1727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe the health and social conditions of arrestees, as compared to the general population. METHODS We studied a sample of 600 adult arrestees in three locations in the Greater Paris area, prospectively included (February-May 2013). A descriptive analysis has been performed, then prevalence was estimated using an indirect standardisation according to age, based on data from a population-based, representative survey in the same area. RESULTS Arrestees had a median age of 31 years; 92% were males. As compared to the general population, arrestees had a lower level of education (8.6 vs. 7.6%, p < 0.001), were more frequently unemployed (42.0 vs. 11.9%, p < 0.001) and in a difficult financial situation (43 vs. 11%, p < 0.001) and had less significant social support (48.1 vs. 87.9%, p < 0.001). They reported also more frequently a chronic health condition (54 vs. 36%, p < 0.001) and a limited health insurance coverage (36 vs. 15%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Comparative analysis of male arrestees and males from the general population showed that the former had worse social and health conditions. These results argue for widespread medical interventions on all arrestees. Medical examination during detention could act as a gateway to health care and social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Verdier
- AP-HP, Department of Forensic Medicine, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, 75004, Paris, France
| | - Céline Denis
- AP-HP, Department of Forensic Medicine (Service de Médecine Légale et de Médecine Sociale), Hôpital Jean-Verdier, 93140, Bondy, France
| | - Nacer Bourokba
- AP-HP, Department of Forensic Medicine, Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré, 92160, Garches, France
| | - Pierre Chauvin
- Sorbonne Universités, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Department of Social Epidemiology, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Chariot
- AP-HP, Department of Forensic Medicine (Service de Médecine Légale et de Médecine Sociale), Hôpital Jean-Verdier, 93140, Bondy, France. .,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur les Enjeux Sociaux (IRIS), UMR 8156-997, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13, 93000, Bobigny, France.
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Vidal C, Lepresle A, Chariot P. Self-reported Mental Health Issues Among Arrestees in the Paris, France Area. J Forensic Sci 2017; 62:947-952. [PMID: 28568767 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We studied (May-September 2014) all arrestees who reported mental health issues during the medical examination performed by a forensic physician for the assessment of fitness for detention. Among 4814 arrestees, 420 (9%) reported a current mental health issue. The suspected crimes among arrestees reporting a current mental health issue were more often related to violent behaviors (physical assault, 23% vs. 16%, p < 0.001, sexual assault, 3% vs. 1%, p = 0.01) and less often drug offenses (18% vs. 29%, p < 0.001). Among arrestees reporting mental health issues, 80% reported psychiatric or psychological care, of whom 33% reported previous mental health care. Decisions of unfitness for detention were more frequent among arrestees reporting mental health issues than in other detainees (3% vs. 1%, p < 0.001). The high proportion of patients with interrupted mental health care among those reporting mental disorders suggests that the medical examination during custody could be a significant opportunity to restore psychiatric care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Vidal
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hôpital Jean-Verdier (AP-HP), 93140, Bondy, France
| | - Aude Lepresle
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hôpital Jean-Verdier (AP-HP), 93140, Bondy, France
| | - Patrick Chariot
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hôpital Jean-Verdier (AP-HP), 93140, Bondy, France.,Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur les Enjeux Sociaux (IRIS), UMR 8156-997, UFR SMBH, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 13, Paris, France
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13
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Lepresle A, Vidal C, Mairesse E, Chariot P. Unfitness for Detention Among Arrestees with Suspected Mental Disorders in Paris, France. J Forensic Sci 2016; 62:715-721. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aude Lepresle
- Infirmerie Psychiatrique de la Préfecture de Police; 75014 Paris France
- Department of Forensic Medicine; Hôpital Jean-Verdier (AP-HP); 93140 Bondy France
| | - Camille Vidal
- Department of Forensic Medicine; Hôpital Jean-Verdier (AP-HP); 93140 Bondy France
| | - Eric Mairesse
- Infirmerie Psychiatrique de la Préfecture de Police; 75014 Paris France
| | - Patrick Chariot
- Department of Forensic Medicine; Hôpital Jean-Verdier (AP-HP); 93140 Bondy France
- Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les enjeux sociaux (IRIS); UMR 8156-997; UFR SMBH; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Université Paris 13; Paris France
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Dang C, Phuong T, Beddag M, Vega A, Denis C. A data model for clinical legal medicine practice and the development of a dedicated software for both practitioners and researchers. J Forensic Leg Med 2016; 57:12-18. [PMID: 29801945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present a data model for clinical legal medicine and the software based on that data model for both practitioners and researchers. The main functionalities of the presented software are computer-assisted production of medical certificates and data capture, storage and retrieval. METHODS The data model and the software were jointly developed by the department of forensic medicine of the Jean Verdier Hospital (Bondy, France) and an bioinformatics laboratory (LIMICS, Paris universities 6-13) between November 2015 and May 2016. The data model was built based on four sources: i) a template used in our department for producing standardised medical certificates; ii) a random sample of medical certificates produced by the forensic department; iii) anterior consensus between four healthcare professionals (two forensic practitioners, a psychologist and a forensic psychiatrist) and iv) anatomical dictionaries. The trial version of the open source software was first designed for examination of physical assault survivors. RESULTS An UML-like data model dedicated to clinical legal practice was built. The data model describes the terminology for examinations of sexual assault survivors, physical assault survivors, individuals kept in police custody and undocumented migrants for age estimation. A trial version of a software relying on the data model was developed and tested by three physicians. DISCUSSION The software allows files archiving, standardised data collection, extraction and assistance for certificate generation. It can be used for research purpose, by data exchange and analysis. Despite some current limitations of use, it is a tool which can be shared and used by other departments of forensic medicine and other specialties, improving data management and exploitation. Full integration with external sources, analytics software and use of a semantic interoperability framework are planned for the next months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Dang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hôpital Jean Verdier (AP-HP), Bondy F-93140, France.
| | - Thomas Phuong
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Hôpital Avicenne (AP-HP), Bobigny F-93000, France
| | - Mahmoud Beddag
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Hôpital Avicenne (AP-HP), Bobigny F-93000, France
| | - Anabel Vega
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hôpital Jean Verdier (AP-HP), Bondy F-93140, France
| | - Céline Denis
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hôpital Jean Verdier (AP-HP), Bondy F-93140, France
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McKinnon IG, Thomas SDM, Noga HL, Senior J. Police custody health care: a review of health morbidity, models of care and innovations within police custody in the UK, with international comparisons. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2016; 9:213-226. [PMID: 27695373 PMCID: PMC5028165 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s61536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is a scoping review of the available evidence regarding health care issues in police custody. It describes the types and prevalence of health disorders encountered in custody and provides an overview of current practice and recent innovations in police custody health care. In contrast to the health of prisoners, the health of police custody detainees has, until recently, received little academic or clinical attention. Studies on health care in police custody identified for this review are limited to a few geographical jurisdictions, including the UK, continental Europe, North America, and Australia. There are significant health concerns among police detainees including acute injury, chronic physical health problems, mental and cognitive disorders, and the risks associated with drug and alcohol intoxication or withdrawal. There is some evidence that deaths in police custody have reduced where attention has been paid to the latter issue. Police personnel continue to experience difficulties identifying detainees with health issues relevant to their safe detention, but research shows that the use of evidence-based screening tools improves detection of such morbidities. Innovations in police custody health care mainly relate to detainees with mental disorders, including improved identification of illness, timely access to mental health services, the protection of the rights of mentally disordered detainees, and the diversion of mentally disordered persons from the criminal justice system into appropriate health and social care interventions. There is a lack of rigorous research relating to interventions for physical health problems, protecting those at risk of substance withdrawal, and detainees with preexisting or peri-arrest injures. Research to improve the health of police custody detainees requires greater priority, focusing on case identification and service redesign to address high levels of morbidity and to facilitate health promotion and prevention activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain G McKinnon
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Academic Psychiatry, Campus for Ageing and Vitality
- Northumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stuart DM Thomas
- School of Global, Urban and Social Studies, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC
- Legal Intersections Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW
- Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Heather L Noga
- School of Criminology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Jane Senior
- Offender Health Research Network, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Beaufrère A, Chariot P. The health of older arrestees in police cells. Age Ageing 2015; 44:662-7. [PMID: 25762802 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afv022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND detention in the harsh conditions of police cells can be a traumatic experience, even for young healthy individuals. It is thus legitimate to question the detention of elderly people. OBJECTIVE we aimed to determine the proportion of detainees over age 60, their medical characteristics and history. METHODS we studied all arrestees over age 60 examined in 1 year (1st January-31 December 2012) by physicians from our Department of Forensic Medicine in the Paris, France area. Our analysis included the arrestees' perceived health status and their opinion on custody. RESULTS individuals over 60 accounted for 211 of 13,317 detainees (2%) and were predominantly males (177 of 211, 84%). The most frequent suspected crimes included physical assaults (135 of 345, 40%) and drunk driving (50 of 345, 14%). A total of 111 of 211 individuals (53%) reported somatic disorders. A history of psychiatric disorders was reported by 23 of 181 individuals (13%). Arrestees considered their overall health as good in 60% of cases (111 of 184). They had a good opinion on custody in 45% of cases (120 of 270). A proportion of 40% (84 of 211) were examined several times during custody and 10% were declared unfit for custody (34 of 347). CONCLUSIONS elderly detainees commonly have chronic health disorders; only a minority of them are unconditionally fit for detention. The continuation of detention, which affects 90% of arrestees, should imply that detention conditions are adjusted so that the specific needs of elderly individuals are taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Beaufrère
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hôpital Jean-Verdier, Hôpitaux universitaires de Paris Seine-Saint-Denis (AP-HP), F-93140 Bondy, France
| | - Patrick Chariot
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hôpital Jean-Verdier, Hôpitaux universitaires de Paris Seine-Saint-Denis (AP-HP), F-93140 Bondy, France Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les enjeux sociaux (IRIS), UMR 8156-723 CNRS-INSERM-EHESS, F-93000 Bobigny, France
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Vincent R, Beaufrère A, Chariot P. Detainees arrested for the first time in French police stations. J Forensic Leg Med 2015; 31:1-6. [PMID: 25735776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The psychological impact of incarceration vary from individual to individual and most people first entering prison experience severe stress. Our objective was to describe the characteristics of detainees arrested for the first time and who had medical examination during custody. The study sample included 200 detainees arrested for the first time in 2012 and examined for the second time before May 31, 2013, 200 detainees arrested for the first time in 2012 and who had not a second examination by May 31, 2013, and a control group of 200 individuals who had been arrested before. Collected data related to persons' characteristics, the course of detention, alleged assaults and traumatic injuries. In our sample, victimization was the most frequent motivation for requesting a medical examination and affected 31-46% of patients who requested the examination. The medical examination was less frequently requested by the detainee at the first detention than at subsequent detentions (35% and 31% vs. 51%, P < 0.001). Unremarkable psychic states were found in most cases in all groups. Detainees expressed a good or very good opinion on custody in 40-51% of cases. In 75-89% of cases, detainees were considered to be unconditionally fit for detention. The present findings suggest only minor differences between clinical features of individuals arrested for the first time and their clinical status when they were arrested for the second time. The systematic collection of more detailed description of the detainees' psychic state could be relevant at the time of medical examinations in police cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Vincent
- Department of Forensic Medicine, hôpital Jean-Verdier (AP-HP), F-93140 Bondy, France.
| | - Aurélie Beaufrère
- Department of Forensic Medicine, hôpital Jean-Verdier (AP-HP), F-93140 Bondy, France.
| | - Patrick Chariot
- Department of Forensic Medicine, hôpital Jean-Verdier (AP-HP), F-93140 Bondy, France; Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les enjeux sociaux (IRIS), UMR 8156-997, UFR SMBH, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 13, France.
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Detainees in police custody in the Paris, France area: medical data and high-risk situations (a prospective study over 1 year). Int J Legal Med 2014; 128:853-60. [PMID: 24671410 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-014-0990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The annual number of detainees held in police custody in France is approximately 700,000. Medical data regarding arrestees are scarce across countries. We present the medical characteristics of detainees kept in police custody, including addictive behaviours and high-risk medical situations. METHODS We conducted a prospective study over 1 year in a suburban area near Paris. RESULTS A total of 19,098 medical examinations were performed on 13,317 individuals. The examinations mainly concerned male subjects (18,116 of 19,098, 95 %). Median age was 24 years (range 13-83). Medical examination was requested by the detainee in 6,638 of 16,801 cases (40 %). Assaults were reported in 4,052 of 17,312 cases (23 %) and occurred at the time of arrest in most cases (2,243, 13 %). A total of 2,394 of 13,317 detainees (18 %) had at least one chronic somatic disorder including asthma (603, 5 %), diabetes (263, 2 %) and arterial hypertension (205, 2 %). A history of psychiatric disorder was reported by 6 % of individuals (674 of 11,787). Regular alcohol drinking was reported by 58 % of detainees. Illicit drug use mainly involved cannabis (4,021 cases, 30 %). In 14,661 of 19,098 cases (77 %), detainees were considered to be unconditionally fit for detention in custody, and 274 detainees (1 %) were declared unfit to be detained. CONCLUSION The present study showed a high frequency of alcohol or substance use and reported assaults or traumatic lesions in arrestees. Attending physicians should pay particular attention to addictive behaviours and traumatic injuries in arrestees, both for immediate care and for prevention.
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