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Sumran G, Jain N, Kumar P, Aggarwal R. Trifluoromethyl-β-dicarbonyls as Versatile Synthons in Synthesis of Heterocycles. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303599. [PMID: 38055226 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Trifluoromethyl group relishes a privileged position in the realm of medicinal chemistry because its incorporation into organic molecules often enhances the bioactivity by altering pharmacological profile of molecule. Trifluoromethyl-β-dicarbonyls have emerged as pivotal building blocks in synthetic organic chemistry due to their facile accessibility, stability and remarkable versatility. Owing to presence of nucleophilic and electrophilic sites, they offer multifunctional sites for the reaction. This review covers a meticulous exploration of their multifaceted role, encompassing an in-depth analysis of mechanism, extensive scope, limitations and wide-ranging applications in diverse organic synthesis, covering the literature from the 21st century. This comprehensive review encapsulates the applications of trifluoromethyl-β-dicarbonyls and their synthetic equivalents as precursors of complex and diverse heterocyclic scaffolds, fused heterocycles and spirocyclic compounds having medicinal and material importance. Their potent synthetic utility in cyclocondensation reactions with binucleophiles, cycloaddition reactions, C-C bond formations, asymmetric multicomponent reactions using classical/solvent-free/catalytic synthesis have been presented. Influence of unsymmetrical trifluoromethyl-β-diketones on regioselectivity of transformation is also reviewed. This review will benefit the synthetic and pharmaceutical communities to explore trifluoromethyl-β-dicarbonyls as trifluoromethyl building blocks for fabrication of heterocyclic scaffolds having implementation into drug discovery programs in the imminent future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Sumran
- Department of Chemistry, D. A. V. College (Lahore), Ambala City, 134 003, Haryana, India
| | - Naman Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136 119, India
| | - Prince Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136 119, India
| | - Ranjana Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136 119, India
- CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, New Delhi, 110012, India
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2
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Vahedi MM, Asghari S, Tajbakhsh M, Mohseni M. Preparation of Some New Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant, Antibacterial (MIC and ZOI) Activities, and Cytotoxic Effect on MCF-7 Cell Lines. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301146. [PMID: 37691011 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to synthesize some novel pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives, and investigate their biological activities. These compounds exhibited good to high antioxidant activities [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capabilities]. Among them, Ethyl 5-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-7-hydroxy-2-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate (3h) showed the highest antioxidant activity [Half-maximal Inhibitory Concentration (IC50 )=15.34 μM] compared to ascorbic acid (IC50 =13.53 μM) as a standard compound. Their antibacterial activities were investigated against two Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli). The results showed that Ethyl 7-hydroxy-5-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate (3i) has the best antibacterial activity against Gram-positive B. subtilis [Zone of Inhibition (ZOI)=23.0±1.4 mm, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)=312 μM]. Also, the cytotoxicity of these compounds was assessed against breast cancer cell lines [human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7)], which 7-Hydroxy-2-methyl-5-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile (3f) displayed the most cytotoxicity (IC50 =55.97 μg/mL), in contrast with Lapatinib (IC50 =79.38 μg/mL) as a known drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Vahedi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 47416-95447, Iran
| | - Sakineh Asghari
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 47416-95447, Iran
| | - Mahmood Tajbakhsh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 47416-95447, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mohseni
- Department of Microbiology, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 47416-95447, Iran
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3
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Acetylcoumarin in cyclic and heterocyclic-containing coumarins: Synthesis and biological applications. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Semenova AM, Gadzhiakhmedova YR, Bespalov AV, Dotsenko VV, Aksenov NA, Aksenova IV. New Heterocyclisation Reactions of 5-Amino-3-(cyanomethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile with Some 1,3-Dielectrophilic Agents. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Karati D, Mahadik KR, Trivedi P, Kumar D. A Molecular Insight into Pyrazole Congeners as Antimicrobial, Anticancer, and Antimalarial Agents. Med Chem 2022; 18:1044-1059. [PMID: 35240964 DOI: 10.2174/1573406418666220303150640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrazole is a bioactive heterocyclic congener found in a wide range of biological and pharmacological applications. Due to their multiple prospective uses, developing innovative pyrazoles and analogues, disclosing revolutionary ways for synthesizing this nucleus, investigating diverse potencies of that heterocycle, and seeking for possible applications of pyrazoles are all growing more significant Objectives: Pyrazole scaffolds have been proven to be successful as antimicrobial, anticancer, antimalarial therapeutic against multiple targets like DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV, Hsp90, and several kinase enzymes. Its moiety has absorbed the attention of many scientists to research chemical and pharmacological profile due to this miscellany in the biotic region. RESULTS The review covers pyrazole scaffolds with a variety of biological functions, as well as attempts to connect the structure-activity relationship. Multiple pyrazole analogues have been produced as lead compounds, and their activities have been evaluated. CONCLUSION The combination of pyrazole with other pharmacophores in a molecule might lead to novel potent therapeutic medicines, which could aid in the development of potent lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Karati
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Erandwane, Pune- 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kakasaheb Ramoo Mahadik
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Erandwane, Pune- 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Piyush Trivedi
- Hon. Director, Center of Innovation and Translational Research, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bhartiya Vidyapeeth, Pune 411038, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Erandwane, Pune- 411038, Maharashtra, India
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6
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Multicomponent synthesis and preliminary anti-inflammatory activity of lipophilic diphenylamines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 38:127860. [PMID: 33636301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are some of the most prescribed medications for pain but the incidence of adverse effects -especially during chronic treatment- points out the requirement of new analgesics. In this study, we showed an efficient two-steps synthesis of diphenylamine-containing dipeptides consisting of a multicomponent process followed by a Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reaction. We prepared 16 diphenylamine derivatives and evaluated their in vivo anti-inflammatory activity through an ear edema model using 12-O-tetradecanoylpholbol-13-acetate. Furthermore, the toxicity of the more potent compounds in the Artemia salina model and their cell viability using murine RAW 264.7 cells is reported. The fluorinated compound 10k becomes a reliable candidate since it reduced the TPA-induced edema to 92%, lacked cytotoxicity against murine macrophages, and had minimal toxicity in Artemia salina.
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Jismy B, Guillaumet G, Akssira M, Tikad A, Abarbri M. Efficient microwave-assisted Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of 3-bromo pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidin-5(4 H)-one: towards a new access to 3,5-diarylated 7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine derivatives. RSC Adv 2021; 11:1287-1302. [PMID: 35747396 PMCID: PMC9134006 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07959f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A convenient and efficient synthetic route to C3-arylated 7-trifluoromethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-one derivatives has been reported starting from 3-bromo-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-one through a Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. The arylation (heteroarylation) strategy can be performed using a wide variety of aryl and heteroaryl boronic acids and requiring a tandem catalyst XPhosPdG2/XPhos to avoid the debromination reaction. These optimized conditions were successfully extended to the synthesis of 7-, 8- and 9-arylated pyrimido[1,2-b]indazol-2-ones from their corresponding brominated starting materials. Furthermore, the second C-5 arylation of C3-arylated pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-ones was achieved under standard Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling conditions, after activating the C–O bond of the lactam function with PyBroP, giving access to a small library of 3,5-diarylated 7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines in good to excellent yields. The interest of this approach has been highlighted by the synthesis of a known anti-inflammatory agent. Additionally, a preliminary biological evaluation has revealed that a number of derivatives display micromolar IC50 values against monoamine oxidase B, an important target in the field of neurodegenerative disorders. A convenient and efficient synthetic route to C3-arylated 7-trifluoromethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-one derivatives has been reported starting from 3-bromo-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-one through a Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr Jismy
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l'Energie (PCM2E). EA 6299
- Faculté des Sciences
- 37200 Tours
- France
| | - Gérald Guillaumet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA)
- Université d'Orléans
- UMR CNRS 7311
- France
| | - Mohamed Akssira
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et de Chimie Bioorganique
- URAC 22
- 28800 Mohammedia
- Morocco
| | - Abdellatif Tikad
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Substances Naturelles
- Faculté des Sciences
- Département de Chimie
- Université Moulay Ismail
- Meknès 50050
| | - Mohamed Abarbri
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l'Energie (PCM2E). EA 6299
- Faculté des Sciences
- 37200 Tours
- France
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Elkina NA, Burgart YV, Shchegolkov EV, Krasnykh OP, Maslova VV, Triandafilova GA, Solodnikov SS, Muryleva AA, Misiurina MA, Slita AV, Zarubaev VV, Saloutin VI. Competitive routes to cyclizations of polyfluoroalkyl-containing 2-tolylhydrazinylidene-1,3-diketones with 3-aminopyrazoles into bioactive pyrazoloazines. J Fluor Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2020.109648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Jismy B, Tikad A, Akssira M, Guillaumet G, Abarbri M. Efficient Access to 3,5-Disubstituted 7-(Trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines Involving S NAr and Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reactions. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092062. [PMID: 32354132 PMCID: PMC7248703 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and original synthesis of various 3,5-disubstituted 7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines is reported. A library of compounds diversely substituted in C-3 and C-5 positions was easily prepared from a common starting material, 3-bromo-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-one. In C-5 position, a SNAr type reaction was achieved by first activating the C–O bond of the lactam function with PyBroP (Bromotripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate), followed by the addition of amine or thiol giving monosubstituted derivatives, whereas in C-3 position, arylation was performed via Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling using the commercially available aromatic and heteroaromatic boronic acids. Moreover, trifluoromethylated analogues of potent Pim1 kinase inhibitors were designed following our concise synthetic methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr Jismy
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l’Energie (PCM2E), EA 6299, Avenue Monge, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Abdellatif Tikad
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Substances Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences, Université Moulay Ismail, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknès 50050, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Akssira
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique & de Chimie Bioorganique, URAC 22, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, B.P. 146, Mohammedia 28800, Morocco
| | - Gérald Guillaumet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d’Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, Rue de Chartres, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Mohamed Abarbri
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l’Energie (PCM2E), EA 6299, Avenue Monge, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(2)47-36-73-59; Fax: +33-(2)47-36-70-73
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10
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Chiacchio MA, Iannazzo D, Romeo R, Giofrè SV, Legnani L. Pyridine and Pyrimidine Derivatives as Privileged Scaffolds in Biologically Active Agents. Curr Med Chem 2020; 26:7166-7195. [PMID: 30182842 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180904125400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives have received great interest in recent pharmacological research, being effective in the treatment of various malignancies, such as myeloid leukemia, breast cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Most of the FDA approved drugs show a pyridine or pyrimidine core bearing different substituents. The aim of this review is to describe the most recent reports in this field, with reference to the newly discovered pyridineor pyrimidine-based drugs, to their synthesis and to the evaluation of the most biologically active derivatives. The corresponding benzo-fused heterocyclic compounds, i.e. quinolines and quinazolines, are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Assunta Chiacchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Catania, V.le Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Daniela Iannazzo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Messina, Contrada Di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberto Romeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche e Ambientali, University of Messina, Via S.S. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore V Giofrè
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche e Ambientali, University of Messina, Via S.S. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Legnani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Wang JS, Huang KS, Han WY, Cui BD, Wan NW, Chen YZ. Ex Situ Generation of Difluorodiazoethane (CF 2HCHN 2): Application in the Regioselective Synthesis of CF 2H-Containing Pyrazoles. Org Lett 2019; 21:8751-8755. [PMID: 31642680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A new method for the ex situ generation of difluorodiazoethane (CF2HCHN2) and a procedure for its efficient use in [3 + 2] cycloaddition with nitroolefins by the AcOH/O2 catalyst system were developed by using a simple two-chamber system. The method provides a facile and straightforward access to a series of 4-substituted 5-difluoromethyl-3-nitro-1H-pyrazoles that are of interest in medicinal chemistry. Interestingly, the key factor for the success of this method is the efficient preparation of CF2HCHN2 by an ex situ process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy , Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi 563006 , P. R. China
| | - Kai-Shun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy , Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi 563006 , P. R. China
| | - Wen-Yong Han
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy , Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi 563006 , P. R. China
| | - Bao-Dong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy , Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi 563006 , P. R. China
| | - Nan-Wei Wan
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy , Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi 563006 , P. R. China
| | - Yong-Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy , Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi 563006 , P. R. China
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12
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Basha MT, Alghanmi RM, Shehata MR, Abdel-Rahman LH. Synthesis, structural characterization, DFT calculations, biological investigation, molecular docking and DNA binding of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) nanosized Schiff base complexes bearing pyrimidine moiety. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Da Silva CC, Martins RM, Lund RG, Pizzuti L, Pereira CMD. Recent Highlights on the Synthesis of Pyrazoles with Antimicrobial Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573407214666180730104941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms such as pyrazoles have a
long history and applicability in the field of medicinal chemistry. Many compounds containing pyrazole
moiety have been reported in the available literature for their prominent biological activities, including
antimicrobial activity against different microorganisms. Over the years, there has been a concern with
the many health problems associated with the dramatic increase of microbial infections and resistance to
standard drugs, so there is a need for the development of more effective antimicrobial agents. Pyrazoles
and their derivatives are promising candidates to bypass these problems with good safety profiles, and
there is a wide range of synthetic methodologies for their obtainment. This review aims to compact a
literature survey (2012-2017) very informative and helpful for researchers who wish to study or continue
the development of new, potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial compounds.
Methods:
This review encompasses reports on the synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of synthetic
pyrazoles from the year 2012 to 2017, which were extracted from bibliographic databases such as
PubMed, scielo, sciencedirect, scifinder, and scopus. The main keywords in our search were “pyrazole”
and “antimicrobial activity”, in which we made efforts to include synthetic and biological methodologies
that can be useful for laboratories of different levels of infrastructure. Moreover, inclusion/
exclusion criteria was applied to select quality reports which could demonstrate different tools of
antimicrobial evaluation, focusing on the advances made in the area, such as evaluation in silico and
exploration of the possible mechanism of action for active compounds.
Results:
Thirty-four papers were included in this work, which was displayed chronologically from the
year 2012 to 2017 in order to enhance the advances made in the area, with at least five reports from each
year. We found that the most commonly tested bacterial strains are Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia
coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and from the year 2016 onwards Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
The most common tested fungal strains are Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, and
Aspergillus niger. The majority of articles expressed the antimicrobial results as a zone of inhibition,
leading to the determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and a probable mechanism
of action for the most prominent compounds, considering cytotoxicity. Aromatic aldehydes and
ketones are key reactants to obtain important precursors for the synthesis of pyrazoles, such as chalcones,
together with alkyl or phenylhydrazines and thiosemicarbazide. A great variation in the reported
MICs was found as there is no standard maximum limit, but many compounds exhibited antimicrobial
activity comparable or better than standard drugs, from which 10 reports active compounds with MIC
lower than 5 μg mL-1.
Conclusion:
The findings of this work support the importance of pyrazole moiety in the structure of
antimicrobial compounds and the versatility of synthetic methodologies to obtain the target products.
Results clearly indicate that they are attractive target compounds for new antimicrobial drugs development.
We hope that this information will guide further studies on continuing the search for more effective,
highly active antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C. Da Silva
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosiane M. Martins
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael G. Lund
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pizzuti
- Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Claudio M.P. de Pereira
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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14
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El-Naggar M, Hassan AS, Awad HM, Mady MF. Design, Synthesis and Antitumor Evaluation of Novel Pyrazolopyrimidines and Pyrazoloquinazolines. Molecules 2018; 23:E1249. [PMID: 29882908 PMCID: PMC6100441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of N-aryl-7-aryl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines 18a⁻u and N-aryl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazolines 25a⁻c were designed and synthesized via the reaction of 5-aminopyrazoles 11a⁻c with enaminones 12a⁻g or 19, respectively. The new compounds were screened for their in vitro antitumor activity toward liver (HepG-2) and breast (MCF-7) human cancer cells using 3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide MTT assay. From the results, it was found that all compounds showed dose-dependent cytotoxic activities against both HepG-2 and MCF-7 cells. Two compounds 18o and 18a were selected for further investigations. Cell cycle analysis of liver (HepG-2) cells treated with 18o and breast (MCF-7) cells treated with 18a showed cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and pro-apoptotic activity as indicated by annexin V-FITC staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Naggar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE.
| | - Ashraf S Hassan
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Hanem M Awad
- Department of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed F Mady
- Department of Green Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
- Deaprtment of Chemistry, Bio Science and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway.
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15
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Synthesis of Some Novel Thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine and Pyrimido[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine Derivatives and their Antimicrobial Evaluation. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Aggarwal R, Kumar S. 5-Aminopyrazole as precursor in design and synthesis of fused pyrazoloazines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:203-242. [PMID: 29441143 PMCID: PMC5789427 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The condensation of 5-aminopyrazole with various bielectrophilic moieties results in the formation of pyrazoloazines, an interesting array of fused heterocyclic systems. The development of new synthetic routes towards pyrazoloazines for their biological and medicinal exploration is an attractive area for researchers throughout the world. The present review focuses on various synthetic methods developed in the last decade for the synthesis of differently substituted pyrazoloazines by a broad range of organic reactions by means of 5-aminopyrazole as a precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, India
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Rahmouni A, Souiei S, Belkacem MA, Romdhane A, Bouajila J, Ben Jannet H. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrazolopyrimidines derivatives as anticancer and anti-5-lipoxygenase agents. Bioorg Chem 2016; 66:160-8. [PMID: 27179178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 6-aryl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-ones 3a-h were synthesized in a single step via condensation of carboxamide 2 with some aromatic aldehydes (presence of iodine). Treatment of aminopyrazole 1a with acetic anhydride afforded pyrazolopyrimidines 4 which on treatment with ethyl chloroacetate in refluxing dry DMF furnished a single product identified as ethyl 2-(3,6-dimethyl-4-oxo-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-5(4H)-yl) acetate 5. On the other hand, esterification of compound 6 with different alcohol, led to the formation of new esters linked pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinones hybrids 7a-f. The reaction of compound 2 with 3-propargyl bromide gave the compound 8 used as a dipolarophile to access to triazoles (4- and 5-regioisomers (9a-e) and (10a-e), respectively) via the 1,3-dipoar cycloaddition reaction. Finally, condensation reaction of aminopyrazole 1b with α-cyanocinnamonitiles gave the new pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,6-dicarbonitriles 11a-e. Structures of compounds were established on the basis of (1)H/(13)C NMR and ESI-HRMS. Compounds were screened for their cytotoxic (HCT-116 and MCF-7) and 5-lipoxygenase inhibition activities. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameur Rahmouni
- Laboratoire de Chimie Hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivité, Equipe: Chimie Médicinale et Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Avenue de l'Environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sawssen Souiei
- Laboratoire de Chimie Hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivité, Equipe: Chimie Médicinale et Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Avenue de l'Environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Amine Belkacem
- Laboratoire de Chimie Hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivité, Equipe: Chimie Médicinale et Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Avenue de l'Environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia; Université de Toulouse, Faculté de pharmacie de Toulouse, Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique UMR CNRS 5623, Université Paul-Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Anis Romdhane
- Laboratoire de Chimie Hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivité, Equipe: Chimie Médicinale et Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Avenue de l'Environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Jalloul Bouajila
- Université de Toulouse, Faculté de pharmacie de Toulouse, Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique UMR CNRS 5623, Université Paul-Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Hichem Ben Jannet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivité, Equipe: Chimie Médicinale et Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Avenue de l'Environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia.
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18
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Biological potential of pyrimidine derivatives in a new era. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2525-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tunç T, Karacan MS, Ertabaklar H, Sarı M, Karacan N, Büyükgüngör O. Antimony(III) complexes with 2-amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidines: Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2015; 153:206-14. [PMID: 26427018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Novel pyrimidine compound bearing disulfide bridge, 5,5'-disulfanediylbis(2-amino-4,6-dimetoxypyrimidine) (3) was synthesized by reduction of 2-amino-4,6-dimethoxy-5-thiocyanatopyrimidine for the first time, and its structure was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Novel binuclear antimony(III) compound of (3), {Sb[5,5'-disulfanediylbis(2-amino-4,6-dimetoxypyrimidine)]Cl3}2 (4) and mononuclear antimony(III) compounds, SbL2Cl3, [L: 2-amino-5-thiol-4,6-dimethoxy pyrimidine (2) and 2-amino-5-(1H-tetrazol-5-ylthio)-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine (6)] were synthesized and characterized with the help of elemental analysis, molecular conductivity, FT-IR, (1)H-NMR and LC-MS techniques. The geometrical structures optimized by a DFT/B3LYP/LANL2DZ method of the compounds, indicated that monomeric compounds have square pyramidal shape. Both antileishmanial activity against Leishmania tropica promastigote and glutathione reductase inhibitory activity were determined in vitro. The results showed that (3) has the best biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turgay Tunç
- Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Engineering-Architecture, Departmant of Chemistry and Process Engineering, Kirsehir, Turkey
| | | | - Hatice Ertabaklar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Musa Sarı
- Department of Physics Education, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Karacan
- Gazi University, Science Faculty, Chemistry Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Orhan Büyükgüngör
- Adnan Menderes University, Medicine Faculty, Parasitology Department, Aydin, Turkey
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Undare SS, Valekar NJ, Patravale AA, Jamale DK, Vibhute SS, Walekar LS, Kolekar GB, Deshmukh MB, Anbhule PV. One-pot synthesis and in vivo biological evaluation of new pyrimidine privileged scaffolds as potent anti-inflammatory agents. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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