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Abd-Elshafy DN, Abdallah H, Nadeem R, Shalaby MS, Shaban AM, Bahgat MM. Production of Disinfective Coating Layer to Facial Masks Supplemented with Camellia sinensis Extract. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:198. [PMID: 38819647 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03741-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Although usefulness of masks for protection against respiratory pathogens, accumulation of pathogens on their surface represents a source of infection spread. Here we prepared a plant extract-based disinfecting layer to be used in coating masks thus inhibiting their capacity to transmit airborne pathogens. To reach this, a polypropylene membrane base was coated with a layer of polyvinyledine difluoride polymer containing 500 μg/ml of Camellia sinensis (Black tea) methanolic extract. Direct inhibitory effects of C. sinensis were initially demonstrated against Staphylococcus aureus (respiratory bacteria), influenza A virus (enveloped virus) and adenovirus 1 (non-enveloped virus) which were directly proportional to both extract concentration and incubation time with the pathogen. This was later confirmed by the capacity of the supplemented membrane with the plant extract to block infectivity of the above mentioned pathogens, recorded % inhibition values were 61, 72 and 50 for S. aureus, influenza and adenovirus, respectively. In addition to the disinfecting capacity of the membrane its hydrophobic nature and pore size (154 nm) prevented penetration of dust particles or water droplets carrying respiratory pathogens. In summary, introducing this layer could protect users from infection and decrease infection risk upon handling contaminated masks surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Nadeem Abd-Elshafy
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Water Pollution Research, Institute of Environmental Research and climate change, the National Research Centre, 30 Elbehoos street, Dokki, Giza, 12311, Egypt.
- Research Group Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection, the Centre of Excellent for Advanced Science, the National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Heba Abdallah
- Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, Institute of Engineering Research, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rola Nadeem
- Research Group Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection, the Centre of Excellent for Advanced Science, the National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Therapeutic chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, the National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa Saied Shalaby
- Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, Institute of Engineering Research, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mahmoud Shaban
- Department of Water Pollution Research, Institute of Environmental Research and climate change, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Mohamed Bahgat
- Research Group Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection, the Centre of Excellent for Advanced Science, the National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Therapeutic chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, the National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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2
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Li D, Yang C, Li P, Yu L, Zhao S, Li L, Kang H, Yang F, Fang Q. Synthesis and Properties of the Novel High-Performance Hydroxyl-Terminated Liquid Fluoroelastomer. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112574. [PMID: 37299372 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional liquid fluoroelastomers are in high demand in new energy fields. And these materials have potential applications in high-performance sealing materials and as electrode materials. In this study, a novel high-performance hydroxyl-terminated liquid fluoroelastomer (t-HTLF) with a high fluorine content, temperature resistance, and curing efficiency was synthesised from a terpolymer of vinylidene fluoride (VDF), tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), and hexafluoropylene (HFP). A carboxyl-terminated liquid fluoroelastomer (t-CTLF) with controllable molar mass and end-group content was first prepared from a poly(VDF-ter-TFE-ter-HFP) terpolymer using a unique oxidative degradation method. Subsequently, an efficient "one-step" reduction of the carboxyl groups (COOH) in t-CTLF into hydroxyl groups (OH) was achieved via the functional-group conversion method using lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH4) as the reductant. Thus, t-HTLF with a controllable molar mass and end-group content and highly active end groups was synthesised. Owing to the efficient curing reaction between OH and isocyanate groups (NCO), the cured t-HTLF exhibits good surface properties, thermal properties, and chemical stability. The thermal decomposition temperature (Td) of the cured t-HTLF reaches 334 °C, and it exhibits hydrophobicity. The oxidative degradation, reduction, and curing reaction mechanisms were also determined. The effects of solvent dosage, reaction temperature, reaction time, and ratio of the reductant to the COOH content on the carboxyl conversion were also systematically investigated. An efficient reduction system comprising LiAlH4 can not only achieve an efficient conversion of the COOH groups in t-CTLF to OH groups but also the in situ hydrogenation and addition reactions of residual double bonds (C=C) groups in the chain, such that the thermal stability and terminal activity of the product are improved while maintaining a high fluorine content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghan Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber & Elastomer, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Chen Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Lu Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Shufa Zhao
- Shenyang Guide Rubber Products Co., Ltd., Shenyang 110141, China
| | - Long Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber & Elastomer, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Hailan Kang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber & Elastomer, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber & Elastomer, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Qinghong Fang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber & Elastomer, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
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Chemical Cleaning and Membrane Aging of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) Membranes Fabricated via Non-solvent Induced Phase Separation (NIPS) and Thermally Induced Phase Separation (TIPS). Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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4
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Simon A, Pepin J, Berthier D, Méo S. Degradation mechanism of FKM during thermo-oxidative aging from mechanical and network structure correlations. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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5
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Yang G, Wang Q, Zhuo W, Li G, Niu Y, Li G. Oxidation of lubricating oil and its influence on the aging behaviors of fluorine rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Qilong Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Wenyue Zhuo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Gao Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yanhua Niu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University Chengdu China
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Chen Y, Wu Y, Li J, Peng X, Wang S, Jin H. Improving Mechanical, Electrical and Thermal Properties of Fluororubber by Constructing Interconnected Carbon Nanotube Networks with Chemical Bonds and F-H Polar Interactions. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224989. [PMID: 36433116 PMCID: PMC9694656 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the properties of fluororubber (FKM), aminated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-NH2) and acidified carbon nanotubes (CNTs-COOH) were introduced to modulate the interfacial interactions in FKM composites. The effects of chemical binding and F-H polar interactions between CNTs-NH2, CNTs-COOH, and FKM on the mechanical, electrical, thermal, and wear properties of the FKM composites were systematically investigated. Compared to the pristine FKM, the tensile strength, modulus at 100% strain, hardness, thermal conductivity, carbon residue rate, and electrical conductivity of CNTs-NH2/CNTs-COOH/FKM were increased by 112.2%, 587.5%, 44.2%, 37.0%, 293.5%, and nine orders of magnitude, respectively. In addition, the wear volume of CNTs-NH2/CNTs-COOH/FKM was reduced by 29.9%. This method provides a new and effective way to develop and design high-performance fluororubber composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurou Chen
- Wenzhou Key Lab of Advanced Energy Storage and Conversion, Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Leather Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yadong Wu
- Wenzhou Key Lab of Advanced Energy Storage and Conversion, Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Leather Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Institute of New Materials and Industrial Technologies, Wenzhou 325024, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (H.J.)
| | - Jun Li
- Wenzhou Key Lab of Advanced Energy Storage and Conversion, Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Leather Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Institute of New Materials and Industrial Technologies, Wenzhou 325024, China
| | - Xuqiang Peng
- Wenzhou Key Lab of Advanced Energy Storage and Conversion, Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Leather Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Shun Wang
- Wenzhou Key Lab of Advanced Energy Storage and Conversion, Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Leather Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Huile Jin
- Wenzhou Key Lab of Advanced Energy Storage and Conversion, Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Leather Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Institute of New Materials and Industrial Technologies, Wenzhou 325024, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (H.J.)
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7
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Chemical interaction between PVDF and Li cations during LiCl crystallization in VMCr. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Analysis of the chemical behavior at the molecular level of lined pipes with fluoropolymers in a sodium hypochlorite production line/bibliographic review. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-022-05119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis case study is about finding the best fluoropolymer coating for pipes that resists the sodium hypochlorite continue production, which is one of the most aggressive chemical processes that can lead to molecular attack in reactors made by lined pipes. There are several types of coatings pipe such as fiberglass, polymers and elastomers, but the fluoropolymers which have unique properties that make them resistant to chemical attack. In this production process, the premature deterioration of coating pipes is common, due to the expansion of chlorine at the inlet of the reactor, caused by the reaction of chlorine–sodium hydroxide, this is the critical point of the process. Some problems that we find is the chemical attack in that some fluoropolymers coating suffer premature degradation caused by the chemical compatibility, in this case, we explain in detail the chemical and molecular composition of each of the fluoropolymers and how this change occurs at the molecular level. While the lined pipes are the best economical option for chemicals applications, however, it is important to know the correct coating to ensure a long lifetime and avoid piping changes due to premature degradation. Based on the findings of the chemical resistance of each fluoropolymer under study, it is determined which is the best fluoropolymer that resists continuous production of sodium hypochlorite. Results were obtained by a systematic review of the literature.
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Roberts S, Chen L, Kishore B, Dancer CEJ, Simmons MJH, Kendrick E. Mechanism of gelation in high nickel content cathode slurries for sodium-ion batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 627:427-437. [PMID: 35868038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries are a prospective sustainable alternative to the ubiquitous lithium-ion batteries due to the abundancy of sodium, and their cobalt free cathodes. The high nickel O3-type oxides show promising energy densities, however, a time dependency in the rheological properties of the composite electrode slurries is observed, which leads to inhomogeneous coatings being produced. A combination of electron microscopy and infra-red spectroscopy were used to monitor the O3-oxide surface changes upon exposure to air, and the effect upon the rheology and stability of the inks was investigated. Upon exposure to air, NaOH rather than Na2CO3 was observed on the surfaces of the powder through FTIR and EDS. The subsequent gelation of the slurry was initiated by the NaOH and dehydrofluorination with crosslinking of PVDF was observed through the reaction product, NaF. Approximately 15% of the CF bonds in PVDF undergo this dehydrofluorination to form NaF. As observed in the relaxation time of fitted rheological data, the gelation undergoes a three-stage process: a dehydrofluorination stage, creating saturated structures, a crosslinking stage, resulting in the highest rate of gelation, and a final crosslinking stage. This work shows the mechanism for instability of high nickel containing powders and electrode slurries, and presents a new time dependent oscillatory rheology test that can be used to determine the process window for these unstable slurry systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Roberts
- WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Brij Kishore
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark J H Simmons
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Kendrick
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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10
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Detection of the Destruction Mechanism of Perfluorinated Elastomer (FFKM) Network under Thermo-oxidative Aging Conditions. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2692-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Duan J, Yang C, Kang H, Li L, Yang F, Fang Q, Han W, Li D. Structure, preparation and properties of liquid fluoroelastomers with different end groups. RSC Adv 2022; 12:3108-3118. [PMID: 35425283 PMCID: PMC8979282 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07810k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to design and prepare liquid fluoroelastomers with different end groups, and reveal the relationship between the molecular chain structure and properties, we studied on the oxidation degradation method and functional group conversion method to prepare carboxyl-terminated and hydroxyl-terminated liquid fluoroelastomers, respectively. The reaction mechanisms were also deduced. Furthermore, the curing system was created for liquid fluoroelastomers, and systematically analyzed their properties. The sequence type and content of the –C
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C– and oxygen-containing groups in the samples were measured and characterized by attenuated total reflectance/Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), 19F-NMR spectroscopy and chemical titration, the molecular weights of liquid fluoroelastomers were measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to examine the thermal properties, while a viscometer was used to measure the dynamic viscosity of the liquid fluoroelastomers. Then the mechanical and surface properties of the cured samples were examined by universal testing machine and contact angle measurement instrument, respectively. The results show that carboxyl-terminated liquid fluoroelastomer with 2.71 wt% carboxyl terminal groups can be prepared by oxidation degradation method. When lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH4) was used as the reducing agent, it can efficiently convert carboxyl group to hydroxyl group with a conversion rate of more than 95%. In addition, it can be seen that the dynamic viscosity of the liquid fluoroelastomers were all decreased with the increase of temperature, and it is similar to about 10 Pa s at 70 °C. Compared with carboxyl-terminated liquid fluoroelastomers, hydroxyl-terminated liquid fluoroelastomers has higher curing reactivity, higher glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermal decomposition temperature (Td), and better mechanical properties of cured samples. The two types of liquid fluoroelastomers with distinct end groups presented distinct hydrophilicity. Liquid fluoroelastomers with carboxyl and hydroxyl end groups were prepared by the oxidation degradation method and the functional group conversion method, the relationship between the structure and properties of them was clarified.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Duan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 Liaoning China
| | - Chen Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 Liaoning China
| | - Hailan Kang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 Liaoning China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber & Elastomer, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 Liaoning China
| | - Long Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 Liaoning China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber & Elastomer, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 Liaoning China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 Liaoning China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber & Elastomer, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 Liaoning China
| | - Qinghong Fang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 Liaoning China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber & Elastomer, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 Liaoning China
| | - Wenchi Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 Liaoning China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber & Elastomer, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 Liaoning China
| | - Donghan Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 Liaoning China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber & Elastomer, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 Liaoning China
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Marshall JE, Zhenova A, Roberts S, Petchey T, Zhu P, Dancer CEJ, McElroy CR, Kendrick E, Goodship V. On the Solubility and Stability of Polyvinylidene Fluoride. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1354. [PMID: 33919116 PMCID: PMC8122610 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This literature review covers the solubility and processability of fluoropolymer polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF). Fluoropolymers consist of a carbon backbone chain with multiple connected C-F bonds; they are typically nonreactive and nontoxic and have good thermal stability. Their processing, recycling and reuse are rapidly becoming more important to the circular economy as fluoropolymers find widespread application in diverse sectors including construction, automotive engineering and electronics. The partially fluorinated polymer PVDF is in strong demand in all of these areas; in addition to its desirable inertness, which is typical of most fluoropolymers, it also has a high dielectric constant and can be ferroelectric in some of its crystal phases. However, processing and reusing PVDF is a challenging task, and this is partly due to its limited solubility. This review begins with a discussion on the useful properties and applications of PVDF, followed by a discussion on the known solvents and diluents of PVDF and how it can be formed into membranes. Finally, we explore the limitations of PVDF's chemical and thermal stability, with a discussion on conditions under which it can degrade. Our aim is to provide a condensed overview that will be of use to both chemists and engineers who need to work with PVDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean E. Marshall
- WMG, International Manufacturing Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (S.R.); (P.Z.); (C.E.J.D.); (V.G.)
| | - Anna Zhenova
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK; (A.Z.); (T.P.); (C.R.M.)
| | - Samuel Roberts
- WMG, International Manufacturing Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (S.R.); (P.Z.); (C.E.J.D.); (V.G.)
| | - Tabitha Petchey
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK; (A.Z.); (T.P.); (C.R.M.)
| | - Pengcheng Zhu
- WMG, International Manufacturing Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (S.R.); (P.Z.); (C.E.J.D.); (V.G.)
| | - Claire E. J. Dancer
- WMG, International Manufacturing Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (S.R.); (P.Z.); (C.E.J.D.); (V.G.)
| | - Con R. McElroy
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK; (A.Z.); (T.P.); (C.R.M.)
| | - Emma Kendrick
- College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Vannessa Goodship
- WMG, International Manufacturing Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (S.R.); (P.Z.); (C.E.J.D.); (V.G.)
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Diyuk VE, Zaderko AN, Grishchenko LM, Afonin S, Mariychuk R, Boldyrieva OY, Skryshevsky VA, Kaňuchová M, Lisnyak VV. Surface chemistry of fluoroalkylated nanoporous activated carbons: XPS and 19F NMR study. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Liu Q, Li J, Cong C, Cui H, Xu L, Zhang Y, Meng X, Zhou Q. Thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation of tetrafluoroethylene–propylene elastomer above 300 °C. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Wang QL, Pei JK, Li G, He X, Niu YH, Li GX. Accelerated Aging Behaviors and Mechanism of Fluoroelastomer in Lubricating Oil Medium. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Chang Y, Liao M, Li X. Reduction of liquid terminated-carboxyl fluoroelastomers using NaBH 4/SmCl 3. RSC Adv 2020; 10:10932-10938. [PMID: 35492900 PMCID: PMC9050475 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10069e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a simple one-pot method, the reduction of liquid terminated-carboxyl fluoroelastomers (LTCFs) by sodium borohydride and samarium chloride (NaBH4/SmCl3) was successfully realized and liquid terminated-hydroxyl fluoroelastomers (LTHFs) were obtained. The structure and functional group content of LTCFs and LTHFs were analyzed by FTIR, 1H-NMR, 19F-NMR and chemical titration. The results showed that –C
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C– and carboxyl groups of LTCFs were reduced efficiently, the reduction rate reached 92% under optimum reaction conditions. Compared with other frequently-used metal chlorides, SmCl3 with a high coordination number could increase the reduction activity of NaBH4 more effectively and the reduction mechanism was explored. A facile method using NaBH4/SmCl3 allows for reduction of liquid terminated-carboxyl fluoroelastomers (LTCFs) in excellent yields and provides an attractive potential scheme for the reduction of other carboxyl organic compounds.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Chang
- College of Transportation Engineering
- Dalian Maritime University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Mingyi Liao
- College of Transportation Engineering
- Dalian Maritime University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Xueyan Li
- College of Transportation Engineering
- Dalian Maritime University
- Dalian
- China
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Han W, Du H, Li S, Kang H, Fang Q. Mechanical properties and creep behavior of fluoroelastomer under hydrochloric acid environments. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-03061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Kang H, Chen L, Du H, Wang H, Li D, Fang Q. Hot nitric acid diffusion in fluoroelastomer composite and its degradation. RSC Adv 2019; 9:38105-38113. [PMID: 35541790 PMCID: PMC9075819 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06286f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoroelastomers (FKM) are vital sealing materials in acidic environment and their failure can cause severe safety problems. Therefore, investigation of the degradation behavior and mechanism of FKM materials is of great significant. Herein, we investigate a diffusion model of an acidic solution into an FKM composite and its degradation behavior upon immersion in hot nitric acid solution. The results indicate that the diffusion process of the HNO3 solution into the FKM composite conforms to the Fick diffusion model at a low concentration of nitric acid solution. Besides, the concentration of HNO3 solution affects the diffusion process of solvent molecules and the dissolution process of the filler particles to some extent. SEM showed that the surface topography of the FKM was significantly altered after it was immersed in HNO3 solution. The structural and chemical changes of the FKM were studied using ATR-FTIR, SEM-EDS and MAS NMR, which demonstrated the occurrence of decrosslinking via hydrolysis of the crosslinks and backbone cleavage by dehydrofluorination. This was also manifested by the decrease in crosslinking degree and mechanical properties. The present study is helpful for revealing the chemical changes in FKM in hot HNO3 solution. The degradation of fluoroelastomers in hot HNO3 solution included the decrosslinking via hydrolysis of crosslinks and backbone cleavages by dehydrofluorination.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailan Kang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 China .,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber & Elastomer, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 China
| | - Long Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 China
| | - Hongyang Du
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 China
| | - Donghan Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 China .,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber & Elastomer, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 China
| | - Qinghong Fang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 China .,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber & Elastomer, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 China
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Li D, Liao M. Study on the dehydrofluorination of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP) copolymer. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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