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King KP, Humiston T, Gowey MA, Murdaugh DL, Dutton GR, Lansing AH. A biobehavioural and social-structural model of inflammation and executive function in pediatric chronic health conditions. Health Psychol Rev 2024; 18:24-40. [PMID: 36581801 PMCID: PMC10307927 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2022.2162430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that pediatric chronic health conditions (CHCs) often impair executive functioning (EF) and impaired EF undermines pediatric CHC management. This bidirectional relationship likely occurs due to biobehavioural and social-structural factors that serve to maintain this feedback loop. Specifically, biobehavioural research suggests that inflammation may sustain a feedback loop that links together increased CHC severity, challenges with EF, and lower engagement in health promoting behaviours. Experiencing social and environmental inequity also maintains pressure on this feedback loop as experiencing inequities is associated with greater inflammation, increased CHC severity, as well as challenges with EF and engagement in health promoting behaviours. Amidst this growing body of research, a model of biobehavioural and social-structural factors that centres inflammation and EF is warranted to better identify individual and structural targets to ameliorate the effects of CHCs on children, families, and society at large. This paper proposes this model, reviews relevant literature, and delineates actionable research and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tori Humiston
- University of Vermont, Department of Psychological Sciences
| | - Marissa A. Gowey
- University of Alabama-Birmingham School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Donna L. Murdaugh
- University of Alabama-Birmingham School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Gareth R. Dutton
- University of Alabama-Birmingham School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine
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Rodolaki K, Pergialiotis V, Iakovidou N, Boutsikou T, Iliodromiti Z, Kanaka-Gantenbein C. The impact of maternal diabetes on the future health and neurodevelopment of the offspring: a review of the evidence. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1125628. [PMID: 37469977 PMCID: PMC10352101 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1125628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal health during gestational period is undoubtedly critical in shaping optimal fetal development and future health of the offspring. Gestational diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder occurring in pregnancy with an alarming increasing incidence worldwide during recent years. Over the years, there is a growing body of evidence that uncontrolled maternal hyperglycaemia during pregnancy can potentially have detrimental effect on the neurodevelopment of the offspring. Both human and animal data have linked maternal diabetes with motor and cognitive impairment, as well as autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, learning abilities and psychiatric disorders. This review presents the available data from current literature investigating the relationship between maternal diabetes and offspring neurodevelopmental impairment. Moreover, possible mechanisms accounting for the detrimental effects of maternal diabetes on fetal brain like fetal neuroinflammation, iron deficiency, epigenetic alterations, disordered lipid metabolism and structural brain abnormalities are also highlighted. On the basis of the evidence demonstrated in the literature, it is mandatory that hyperglycaemia during pregnancy will be optimally controlled and the impact of maternal diabetes on offspring neurodevelopment will be more thoroughly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Rodolaki
- First Department of Pediatrics, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilios Pergialiotis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Iakovidou
- Neonatal Department, Aretaieio Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Boutsikou
- Neonatal Department, Aretaieio Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Zoe Iliodromiti
- Neonatal Department, Aretaieio Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- First Department of Pediatrics, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Fatma R, Chauhan W, Shahi MH, Afzal M. Association of BDNF gene missense polymorphism rs6265 (Val66Met) with three quantitative traits, namely, intelligence quotient, body mass index, and blood pressure: A genetic association analysis from North India. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1035885. [PMID: 36742047 PMCID: PMC9894895 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1035885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotransmitter modulator, plays a significant role in neuronal survival and growth and participates in neuronal plasticity, thus being essential for learning, memory, and the development of cognition. Additionally, it is crucial for appetite, weight, and metabolic control and plays a pivotal role in the cardiovascular system. The Val66Met polymorphism (rs6265) of the BDNF gene causes a decrease in BDNF secretion and plays a role in impairments in cognition, energy homeostasis, and cardiovascular events. The present study aimed to evaluate the association of polymorphism (rs6265) of the BDNF gene with three quantitative traits simultaneously, namely, intelligence quotient (IQ), body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure (BP). Methods Psychometric, morphometric, and physiometric data of the total participants (N = 246) were collected. WASI-IIINDIA was used to measure cognitive ability. Genotyping was carried out using allele-specific PCR for the rs6265 polymorphism (C196T), and genotypes were determined. Statistical analyses were performed at p < 0.05 significance level using MS-Excel and SigmaPlot. The odds ratio models with a 95% confidence interval were used to test the associations. The used models are co-dominant, recessive, dominant, over-dominant, and additive. Results The allelic frequencies of alleles C and T were 72 and 28%, respectively. Under the dominant genetic model, a significant susceptible association of minor allele T was observed with a lower average verbal comprehensive index (OR = 2.216, p = 0.003, CI (95%) =1.33-3.69), a lower average performance reasoning index (OR = 2.634, p < 0.001, CI (95%) = 1.573-4.41), and a lower average full-scale IQ-4 (OR = 3.159, p < 0.001, CI (95%) = 1.873-5.328). Carriers of Met-alleles were found to have an increased body mass index (OR = 2.538, p < 0.001, CI (95%) = 1.507-4.275), decreased systolic blood pressure (OR = 2.051, p = 0.012, CI (95%) = 1.202-3.502), and decreased diastolic blood pressure (OR = 2.162, p = 0.006, CI (95%) = 1.278-3.657). Under the recessive genetic model, several folds decrease in IQ and BP and an increase in BMI with the presence of the T allele was also detected. Conclusion This novel study may improve our understanding of genetic alterations to the traits and hence be helpful for clinicians and researchers to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of this neurotrophic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafat Fatma
- Human Genetics and Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Waseem Chauhan
- Human Genetics and Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mehdi Hayat Shahi
- Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohammad Afzal
- Human Genetics and Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India,*Correspondence: Mohammad Afzal ✉ ; ✉
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Tetramethylpyrazine Attenuates Cognitive Impairment Via Suppressing Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Apoptosis in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2431-2444. [PMID: 35665448 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is an important complication observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is known to exhibit anti-diabetic and neuroprotective properties. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the possible therapeutic effects of TMP against type 2 diabetes-associated cognitive impairment in rats. High-fat diet (HFD) followed by a low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) was used to induce diabetes in Sprague-Dawley rats. TMP (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) and Pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) were administered for 4 weeks. The Morris water maze (MWM) and novel objective recognition task (NOR) tests were used to assess memory function. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile, HOMA-IR, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and glucose tolerance were measured. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline acetytransferase (ChAT) activity, acetylcholine (ACh) levels, oxidative stress, apoptotic (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3), and inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-kβ) were assessed. BDNF, p-AKT, and p-CREB levels were also measured. In the present work, we observed that treatment of diabetic rats with TMP alleviated learning and memory deficits, improved insulin sensitivity, and attenuated hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Furthermore, treatment with TMP increased BDNF, p-Akt, and p-CREB levels, normalized cholinergic dysfunction, and suppressed oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic markers in the hippocampus. Collectively, our results suggest that the TMP may be an effective neuroprotective agent in alleviating type 2 diabetes-associated cognitive deficits.
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Makhout S, Vermeiren E, Van De Maele K, Bruyndonckx L, De Winter BY, Van Hoorenbeeck K, Verhulst SL, Van Eyck A. The Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Endothelial Function in a Pediatric Population With Obesity. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:835515. [PMID: 35127775 PMCID: PMC8811024 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.835515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity has increased worldwide, becoming a significant public health concern. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in the central regulation of food intake and body weight, but little is known regarding its role in childhood obesity. Next to obesity, BDNF has been linked to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and endothelial dysfunction, two obesity-related comorbidities. The aim of this study is to investigate how BDNF, OSA and endothelial dysfunction interact in children with obesity and to determine the effect of weight loss on serum BDNF levels. METHODS Children and adolescents with obesity aged 8-18 years who were enrolled in a multidisciplinary obesity treatment (MOT) in a tertiary hospital, were prospectively included. Several examinations were conducted during this MOT; at baseline, after 6 months and after 12 months, including the assessment of endothelial function, body composition measurements and a polysomnography. BDNF levels were measured on a serum sample by means of ELISA. RESULTS A total of 103 patients with obesity was included, of which 20 had OSA (19.4%). BDNF levels were comparable in children with obesity and OSA and children with obesity but without OSA (26.75 vs. 27.87 ng/ml, p = 0.6). No correlations were found between BDNF and sleep-related variables or between BDNF and endothelial function parameters nor between BDNF and adiposity measures. To investigate if the interaction between OSA and endothelial dysfunction had an influence on BDNF levels, a general linear model was used. This model revealed that a diagnosis of OSA, as well as the interaction between OSA and maximal endothelial dilatation, contributed significantly (p = 0.03, p = 0.04, respectively) to BDNF levels. After 1 year of weight loss therapy, BDNF levels did not change (26.18 vs. 25.46 ng/ml, p = 0.7) in our population. CONCLUSION BDNF concentrations were comparable in children with obesity, both with and without OSA, indicating that BDNF levels are not affected by OSA. However, we did find an interaction effect of OSA and endothelial function on BDNF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Makhout
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eline Vermeiren
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karolien Van De Maele
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Luc Bruyndonckx
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Benedicte Y. De Winter
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Kim Van Hoorenbeeck
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Stijn L. Verhulst
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Annelies Van Eyck
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
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Hsu JL, Gu PS, Kang EYC, Lai CC, Lo FS. Retinal Thickness Associates with Cognition Dysfunction in Young Adult with Type 1 Diabetes in Taiwan. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:9082177. [PMID: 36200004 PMCID: PMC9529476 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9082177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several factors could affect the cognitive dysfunction in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). OBJECTIVES To report the characteristic of cognitive dysfunction in T1D and find its association with the retinal thickness. SUBJECTS We recruited one hundred and seven patients with T1D in our study. METHODS Detailed clinical and demographic factors and Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB) were performed in all participants. The age at onset>5 years old and ≤5 years old groups was defined as old- and young-onset groups. The levels of the average values of 5-year glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c_5) before study were collected. Ophthalmic study and central retinal thickness (CRT) were performed. RESULTS The median age of T1D was 24.9 years old and 57 participants were women. The median age at onset was 7.4 years old, and mean disease duration was 17.2 years. After adjusting off multiple covariates by the regression analyses, the young-onset group had significantly a longer latency in sustained attention than old-onset group (P = 0.02). The HbA1c_5 showed a significantly negative association with the sustained attention (P = 0.03). The average values of CRT showed significantly negative correlations with the reaction time in sustained attention and visual searching (P = 0.04 and P < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that age at onset and glycemic control had significant impacts on different cognitive domains in T1D. The CRT had a significant correlation with sustained attention, which could be a surrogate markers of brain structural changes in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Lung Hsu
- Department of Neurology, New Taipei Municipal Tucheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou and Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain, & Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain & Consciousness Research Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shin Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Eugene Yu-Chuan Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chun Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Sung Lo
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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