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Schuwerk L, Lemke L, Hünerfauth E, Hewicker-Trautwein M. Atypically located arachnoid cyst in a five-year-old cat. J Comp Pathol 2023; 200:46-50. [PMID: 36641986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Arachnoid cysts are cystic lesions that occur in spinal or intracranial locations in the leptomeningeal space. Four intracranial cases have been described in cats, three of which were diagnosed by imaging techniques alone. We now report the clinical, gross and histopathological findings in a 5-year-old, male-neutered European Shorthair cat that presented with chronic, asymmetrical encephalopathy. Using magnetic resonance imaging, a focal, fluid-filled cavity that did not show contrast enhancement was identified in the left temporal and piriform lobes. Necropsy confirmed the presence of a cystic, meningeal cavity filled with clear, serous fluid. Histologically, the cyst had an irregular, hypereosinophilic surface and single psammoma bodies with moderate perivascular oedema in the adjacent neuroparenchyma. Immunohistochemical evidence of meningeal tissue surrounding the cyst confirmed the diagnosis of an arachnoid cyst, which should be considered as a differential diagnosis of intracranial, fluid-filled cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schuwerk
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Laura Lemke
- Department for Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Enrice Hünerfauth
- Department for Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Fantaconi N, Sánchez Masián D, Anderson D, Agthe P. MRI features of a presumed noncolloidal intraventricular cyst in a young cat. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Petra Agthe
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists Winchester UK
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Debreuque M, Ducerveau MN, Valin I, de Fornel P, Manassero M, Thibaud JL. Symptomatic lateral ventricular cystic lesion in a young cat. JFMS Open Rep 2020; 6:2055116920930181. [PMID: 32595977 PMCID: PMC7303770 DOI: 10.1177/2055116920930181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 1.5-year-old male neutered Persian cat was referred for acute
deterioration of chronic left head tilt and ataxia. A lateral
intraventricular cystic lesion, closely associated with the left
choroid plexus, was identified on MRI. The intralesional signal
intensity and cytological analysis of the fluid revealed a
liquid similar to cerebrospinal fluid. After trepanation, an
endoscopic-assisted fenestration and aspiration of the cyst were
performed to temporally relieve the high intracranial pressure
while waiting for surgical cystoperitoneal shunt placement.
Three weeks after surgery, clinical relapse and recurrence of
the lesion were noted on the pre-cystoperitoneal shunting MRI.
During anaesthesia, the cat arrested. Cardiac resuscitation was
successfully performed and cystoperitoneal shunting was
postponed. Global brain ischaemia was then suspected, based on
major forebrain clinical signs and MRI abnormalities. During a
6-month recovery period, a further three fine-needle CT-guided
aspirations of the lesion were required, owing to clinical
recurrence and increased cyst size. Cystoperitoneal shunting was
eventually performed, allowing persistent reduction of the
lesion and long-term improvement of the cat’s neurological
status. Relevance and novel information This is the first report of a symptomatic lateral intraventricular
cystic lesion in a cat. A left lateral intraventricular choroid
plexus cyst was suspected based on the MRI features. Our case
suggests that endoscopic fenestration and CT-guided aspiration
are not adequate treatments for long-term management.
Cystoperitoneal shunting may be a safe procedure, allowing
significant and stable reduction of the cystic lesion,
associated with improvement in the cat’s neurological status by
preventing high intracranial pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Debreuque
- MICEN VET, Créteil, France.,Internal Medicine Service, University of Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Mathieu Manassero
- Biology Laboratory, Bioengineering and Osteoarticular Bioimaging (B3OA), UMR CNRS 7052 INSERM U1271, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France.,National Veterinary School of Alfort, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
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Yu Y, Creighton EK, Buckley RM, Lyons LA. A Deletion in GDF7 is Associated with a Heritable Forebrain Commissural Malformation Concurrent with Ventriculomegaly and Interhemispheric Cysts in Cats. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E672. [PMID: 32575532 PMCID: PMC7349246 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An inherited neurologic syndrome in a family of mixed-breed Oriental cats has been characterized as forebrain commissural malformation, concurrent with ventriculomegaly and interhemispheric cysts. However, the genetic basis for this autosomal recessive syndrome in cats is unknown. Forty-three cats were genotyped on the Illumina Infinium Feline 63K iSelect DNA Array and used for analyses. Genome-wide association studies, including a sib-transmission disequilibrium test and a case-control association analysis, and homozygosity mapping, identified a critical region on cat chromosome A3. Short-read whole genome sequencing was completed for a cat trio segregating with the syndrome. A homozygous 7 bp deletion in growth differentiation factor 7 (GDF7) (c.221_227delGCCGCGC [p.Arg74Profs]) was identified in affected cats, by comparison to the 99 Lives Cat variant dataset, validated using Sanger sequencing and genotyped by fragment analyses. This variant was not identified in 192 unaffected cats in the 99 Lives dataset. The variant segregated concordantly in an extended pedigree. In mice, GDF7 mRNA is expressed within the roof plate when commissural axons initiate ventrally-directed growth. This finding emphasized the importance of GDF7 in the neurodevelopmental process in the mammalian brain. A genetic test can be developed for use by cat breeders to eradicate this variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Yu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (Y.Y.); (E.K.C.); (R.M.B.)
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Erica K. Creighton
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (Y.Y.); (E.K.C.); (R.M.B.)
| | - Reuben M. Buckley
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (Y.Y.); (E.K.C.); (R.M.B.)
| | - Leslie A. Lyons
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (Y.Y.); (E.K.C.); (R.M.B.)
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5
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Lehner L, Czeibert K, Nagy G. Two different indications of ventriculoperitoneal and cystoperitoneal shunting in six dogs. Acta Vet Hung 2020; 68:95-104. [PMID: 32384064 DOI: 10.1556/004.2020.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study we described two different indications of ventriculo- and cystoperitoneal shunting (VPS, CPS) procedures in six dogs, including their clinical data and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. One dog had moderate and two dogs had severe congenital hydrocephalus, one was presented with intracranial pressure elevation due to meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) associated with congenital hydrocephalus, and two with quadrigeminal cysts (QC). VPS procedures were done in four and CPS in two dogs, using low-pressure valve systems. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 6 months and control MRI scans were also made. Significant improvement was detected in five cases during the short-term follow-up period (1 month) and in four cases in the medium-term follow-up (2-6 months). Major complications were found in two cases: one dog with acute-hypertensive hydrocephalus died one week after surgery, and in another case development of a chronic subdural haematoma and hygroma caused death 3 months after the surgery. Minor complications (e.g. subdural hygroma) were found in two cases. In cases of severe hydrocephalus or intracranial cysts, higher-pressure valve systems are recommended in order to prevent subdural hygroma. Transient postoperative clinical signs usually resolve within one week after the surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Lehner
- 1FeliCaVet Veterinary Referrals Clinic and Hospital, Rétköz utca 16, Budapest, H-1118, Hungary
| | - Kálmán Czeibert
- 2Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, ‘Eötvös Loránd’ University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Nagy
- 3National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Martin S, Shivapour S, Beltran E. Supracollicular fluid accumulation type 3 with concurrent hydrocephalus in a five‐month‐old crossbreed dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Shivapour
- Department of Clinical Science and ServicesRoyal Veterinary CollegeNorth MymmsHatfieldUK
| | - Elsa Beltran
- Department of Clinical Science and ServicesRoyal Veterinary CollegeNorth MymmsHatfieldUK
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Boccanera C, Stabile F, Corvi R, Mariscoli M, Mandara MT. Hydrocephalus, supratentorial diverticulum and agenesis of the interthalamic adhesion and corpus callosum in a cat: MRI findings, treatment and follow‐up. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2016-000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Boccanera
- Medicina VeterinariaUniversita degli Studi di PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Fabio Stabile
- Department of Neurology/ NeurosurgeryThe Animal Health TrustNewmarketUK
| | - Roberta Corvi
- Universita degli Studi di Teramo Facolta di Medicina VeterinariaTeramoAbruzzoItaly
| | - Massimo Mariscoli
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesUniversity of TeramoTeramoItaly
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Yaw TJ, Jeffery ND, Cain B, Fales-Williams A, Zaffarano BA. Removal of a Presumed Peripheral Cerebral Cyst via Craniectomy in a Crested Pekin Duck ( Anas platyrhynchos f dom). J Avian Med Surg 2016; 30:263-268. [PMID: 27736234 DOI: 10.1647/2015-099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A juvenile, male crested pekin duck ( Anas platyrhynchos f dom) was presented for neurologic signs suggestive of cerebellar disease. Physical examination revealed microphthalmia, erratic head movements, and ataxia. Computed tomography scan of the head and neck regions revealed 2 full-thickness skull-bone defects within the caudal portion of the cranium. The cerebellum appeared to be ventrally compressed by a homogeneous, triangular, fluid-attenuating region (0-10 Hounsfield units). A craniectomy was performed, and a presumed peripheral cerebral cyst was removed with suction and gentle dissection. No postoperative complications occurred, and the patient showed clinical improvement for 5 months after surgery. However, after 5 months, the owners elected euthanasia because of poor prognosis after finding the duck minimally responsive in a water enclosure. At necropsy, a thin-walled, epithelial structure was present in meninges and was adhered to the skull at the presumed surgical site.
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Keating MK, Sturges BK, Sisó S, Wisner ER, Creighton EK, Lyons LA. Characterization of an Inherited Neurologic Syndrome in Toyger Cats with Forebrain Commissural Malformations, Ventriculomegaly and Interhemispheric Cysts. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:617-26. [PMID: 26846816 PMCID: PMC4913598 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In children, frequent congenital malformations with concomitant agenesis of the corpus callosum are diagnosed by neuroimaging in association with other cerebral malformations, including interhemispheric cysts and ventriculomegaly. Similar studies providing full characterization of brain defects by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and correlations with the pertinent anatomic pathologic examinations are absent in veterinary medicine. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Congenital brain defects underlie the neurologic signs observed in Toyger cats selectively bred for a short ear phenotype. ANIMALS Using proper pedigree analysis and genetic evaluations, 20 related Oriental-derived crossbred Toyger cats were evaluated. Seven clinically healthy (carrier) cats and 13 clinically affected cats that had neurologic signs, short ear phenotype and concomitant complex brain anomalies were studied. METHODS Complete physical and neurologic examinations and MRI were performed in all clinically healthy and affected cats. Postmortem and histopathologic examinations were performed in 8 affected cats and 5 healthy cats. RESULTS Neurologic and MRI investigations confirmed 13 clinically affected cats with structural brain abnormalities. Ventriculomegaly with frequent concomitant supratentorial interhemispheric, communicating ventricular type-1b cysts and multiple midline and callosal malformations were detected in all cats displaying neurologic signs. Genetic analysis confirmed autosomal recessive mode of inheritance with no chromosomal abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Neuroanatomic dissections and histopathology were helpful for evaluation of abnormalities in midline brain structures, and for the full characterization of cysts. However, MRI was more sensitive for detection of small cysts. In this feline model, MRI diagnosis had extremely good correlation with pathologic abnormalities noted in the subset of animals that were examined by both modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Keating
- William R. Prichard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA
| | - B K Sturges
- William R. Prichard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA.,Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA
| | - S Sisó
- William R. Prichard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA
| | - E R Wisner
- William R. Prichard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA.,Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA
| | - E K Creighton
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA.,Department of Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, MO
| | - L A Lyons
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA.,Department of Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, MO
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Taroni M, Seurin MJ, Carozzo C, Escriou C. Supratentorial arachnoid cyst management by cystoperitoneal shunt in a 1-year-old European cat. JFMS Open Rep 2015; 1:2055116915593970. [PMID: 28491374 PMCID: PMC5367260 DOI: 10.1177/2055116915593970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachnoid cysts are defined as an accumulation of fluid within the arachnoid membrane. Feline intracranial arachnoid cysts are seldom reported, with only three cases in the veterinary literature. A 1-year-old male neutered European cat with a 24 h history of seizures was presented to the small animal neurology department at Vetagro Sup, Lyon. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large intracranial arachnoid cyst ventral to the brain in the left temporal area. Cystoperitoneal shunt placement resulted in complete resolution of the cyst without recurrence (follow-up MRIs 3 weeks and 21 months after surgery). Anticonvulsant treatment (phenobarbital 2.5 mg/kg q12h) was initiated at presentation and gradually stopped after 17 months. Seizures recurred 4 months after ending treatment, and seizure therapy was therefore restarted at the initial dose. We report a case of an intracranial arachnoid cyst in an unusual location not previously described. A cystoperitoneal shunt resolved the cyst without complications. Maintenance anticonvulsant treatment was required to control symptomatic epilepsy.
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Hardefeldt LA, Rylander H, Iskandar BJ, Ellison M, Peek SF. Diagnosis and surgical treatment of an intracranial cyst in an alpaca cria. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012; 240:1501-6. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.240.12.1501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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MacKillop E. Magnetic resonance imaging of intracranial malformations in dogs and cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2011; 52:S42-51. [PMID: 21392155 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2010.01784.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial malformations may occur because of an inherent developmental defect or secondary to in utero injury to the brain with subsequent hypoplasia and atrophy. They can cause neurologic deficits in growing animals, although some anomalies may not produce clinical signs until adulthood. Malformations of the brain include hydrocephalus, hydranencephaly/porencephaly, holoprosencephaly, corpus callosum agenesis/dysgenesis, lissencephaly, polymicrogyria, meningoencephalocele, intracranial cysts, cerebellar malformations, and hamartomas. These conditions are defined and reviewed with an emphasis on their features in magnetic resonance images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward MacKillop
- Pittsburgh Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Center (PVS-EC), Pittsburgh, PA 15237, USA.
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Kim JW, Jung DI, Kang BT, Kang MH, Park HM. Unilateral facial paresis secondary to a suspected brainstem arachnoid cyst in a Maltese dog. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 73:459-62. [PMID: 21068518 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.09-0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-year-old, intact female Maltese dog was presented with decreased tear production and unilateral loss of eye blinking. Neuro-ophthalmic examination and brain magnetic resonance imaging were performed to determine the origin of facial paresis. A cystic lesion in the left pontomedullary region which displayed equal intensity to cerebrospinal fluid was revealed. Hyposignality was noted on fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequences, and the lesion was suggestive of an arachnoid cyst. This report described unilateral facial nerve dysfunction that resulted from a suspected brainstem arachnoid cyst in an unusual anatomic location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Won Kim
- BK21 Basic & Diagnostic Veterinary Specialist Program for Animal Diseases and Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Soeul, Korea
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Abstract
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE Generalised ataxia is one of the most common neurological presentations identified in cats in practice. The causes can be subdivided into three forms on the basis of the neuroanatomical diagnosis: cerebellar, vestibular and sensory (spinal or general proprioceptive) ataxia. The type of ataxia will determine the diagnostic procedures and select the differential diagnoses, and an accurate neuroanatomical diagnosis is therefore essential. The differential diagnosis list can then be further tailored on the basis of patient signalment, clinical presentation and progression. GLOBAL IMPORTANCE Irrespective of the world region, most of the causes of generalised ataxia in the cat are similar and many have been identified for a number of years (cerebellar hypoplasia has been recognised since the late 19th century). However, it is the advent of new technology, in particular veterinary access to magnetic resonance imaging, which has resulted in particularly rapid advances in our understanding, investigation and management of these different forms of ataxia. AUDIENCE This article introduces the classification of patients with ataxia on the basis of their clinical presentation, discusses the common differential diagnoses associated with each form, and briefly reviews the more important diseases from a clinical perspective. It is aimed at all veterinarians who treat cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Penderis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
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