1
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Kurahara Y, Okamori H, Tsuyuguchi K. A Large Cavity Associated with Pulmonary Infarction. Intern Med 2024:3368-23. [PMID: 38432978 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.3368-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kurahara
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Japan
- Department of Infectious Disease, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Japan
| | - Hitomi Okamori
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Kishiwada City Hospital, Japan
| | - Kazunari Tsuyuguchi
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Japan
- Department of Infectious Disease, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Japan
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2
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Mehta AA, Surendran D, Radhakrishnan G. A man having 'cyst' in the 'cyst'! Respirol Case Rep 2024; 12:e01339. [PMID: 38528950 PMCID: PMC10963129 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydatid disease is a zoonotic parasitic infestation caused by tapeworms, particularly Echinococcus granulosus. The lung is the second most site followed by liver accounting for 10%-30% of the cases. Rupture of hydatid cyst can occur into pleura or bronchus. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment for pulmonary hydatid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita A. Mehta
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical SciencesAmrita Vishwa VidyapeethemKochiIndia
| | - Divya Surendran
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical SciencesAmrita Vishwa VidyapeethemKochiIndia
| | - Gopika Radhakrishnan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical SciencesAmrita Vishwa VidyapeethemKochiIndia
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3
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Lawrence AR, Canzi A, Bridlance C, Olivié N, Lansonneur C, Catale C, Pizzamiglio L, Kloeckner B, Silvin A, Munro DAD, Fortoul A, Boido D, Zehani F, Cartonnet H, Viguier S, Oller G, Squarzoni P, Candat A, Helft J, Allet C, Watrin F, Manent JB, Paoletti P, Thieffry D, Cantini L, Pridans C, Priller J, Gélot A, Giacobini P, Ciobanu L, Ginhoux F, Thion MS, Lokmane L, Garel S. Microglia maintain structural integrity during fetal brain morphogenesis. Cell 2024; 187:962-980.e19. [PMID: 38309258 PMCID: PMC10869139 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Microglia (MG), the brain-resident macrophages, play major roles in health and disease via a diversity of cellular states. While embryonic MG display a large heterogeneity of cellular distribution and transcriptomic states, their functions remain poorly characterized. Here, we uncovered a role for MG in the maintenance of structural integrity at two fetal cortical boundaries. At these boundaries between structures that grow in distinct directions, embryonic MG accumulate, display a state resembling post-natal axon-tract-associated microglia (ATM) and prevent the progression of microcavities into large cavitary lesions, in part via a mechanism involving the ATM-factor Spp1. MG and Spp1 furthermore contribute to the rapid repair of lesions, collectively highlighting protective functions that preserve the fetal brain from physiological morphogenetic stress and injury. Our study thus highlights key major roles for embryonic MG and Spp1 in maintaining structural integrity during morphogenesis, with major implications for our understanding of MG functions and brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akindé René Lawrence
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Team Brain Development and Plasticity, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alice Canzi
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Team Brain Development and Plasticity, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Bridlance
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Team Brain Development and Plasticity, 75005 Paris, France; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Olivié
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Team Brain Development and Plasticity, 75005 Paris, France; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Claire Lansonneur
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France; Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Team Computational Systems Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Clarissa Catale
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Team Brain Development and Plasticity, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lara Pizzamiglio
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Team Glutamate Receptors and Excitatory Synapses, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Benoit Kloeckner
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, INSERM, Team Myeloid Cell Development, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Aymeric Silvin
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, INSERM, Team Myeloid Cell Development, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - David A D Munro
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aurélien Fortoul
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Davide Boido
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, Saclay, France
| | - Feriel Zehani
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Team Brain Development and Plasticity, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hugues Cartonnet
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Team Brain Development and Plasticity, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sarah Viguier
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Team Brain Development and Plasticity, 75005 Paris, France; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Oller
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Team Brain Development and Plasticity, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Paola Squarzoni
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Team Brain Development and Plasticity, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Adrien Candat
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Electron Microscopy Facility, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Julie Helft
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Team Phagocytes and Tumor Immunology, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Allet
- UMR-S 1172, JPArc - Centre de Recherche Neurosciences et Cancer, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Francoise Watrin
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Manent
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Paoletti
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Team Glutamate Receptors and Excitatory Synapses, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Denis Thieffry
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Team Computational Systems Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laura Cantini
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Team Computational Systems Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Clare Pridans
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Josef Priller
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin and DZNE Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antoinette Gélot
- Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Trousseau APHP, 75571 Paris Cedex 12, France
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- University of Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR-S 1172, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Luisa Ciobanu
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, Saclay, France
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, INSERM, Team Myeloid Cell Development, 94800 Villejuif, France; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Morgane Sonia Thion
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Team Brain Development and Plasticity, 75005 Paris, France; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Ludmilla Lokmane
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Team Brain Development and Plasticity, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sonia Garel
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Team Brain Development and Plasticity, 75005 Paris, France; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France; Collège de France, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France.
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Hong SY, Yoon J, An YJ, Lee S, Cha HG, Pandey A, Yoo YJ, Joo JC. Statistical Analysis of the Role of Cavity Flexibility in Thermostability of Proteins. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:291. [PMID: 38276699 PMCID: PMC10819066 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventional statistical investigations have primarily focused on the comparison of the simple one-dimensional characteristics of protein cavities, such as number, surface area, and volume. These studies have failed to discern the crucial distinctions in cavity properties between thermophilic and mesophilic proteins that contribute to protein thermostability. In this study, the significance of cavity properties, i.e., flexibility and location, in protein thermostability was investigated by comparing structural differences between homologous thermophilic and mesophilic proteins. Three dimensions of protein structure were categorized into three regions (core, boundary, and surface) and a comparative analysis of cavity properties using this structural index was conducted. The statistical analysis revealed that cavity flexibility is closely related to protein thermostability. The core cavities of thermophilic proteins were less flexible than those of mesophilic proteins (averaged B' factor values, -0.6484 and -0.5111), which might be less deleterious to protein thermostability. Thermophilic proteins exhibited fewer cavities in the boundary and surface regions. Notably, cavities in mesophilic proteins, across all regions, exhibited greater flexibility than those in thermophilic proteins (>95% probability). The increased flexibility of cavities in the boundary and surface regions of mesophilic proteins, as opposed to thermophilic proteins, may compromise stability. Recent protein engineering investigations involving mesophilic xylanase and protease showed results consistent with the findings of this study, suggesting that the manipulation of flexible cavities in the surface region can enhance thermostability. Consequently, our findings suggest that a rational or computational approach to the design of flexible cavities in surface or boundary regions could serve as an effective strategy to enhance the thermostability of mesophilic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Inha Technical College, Inha-ro 100, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jihyun Yoon
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si 14662, Republic of Korea (S.L.)
| | - Young Joo An
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si 14662, Republic of Korea (S.L.)
| | - Siseon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si 14662, Republic of Korea (S.L.)
| | - Haeng-Geun Cha
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si 14662, Republic of Korea (S.L.)
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, 19 Steve Biko Road, Durban 4000, South Africa;
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, AKS University, Satna 485001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Young Je Yoo
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jeong Chan Joo
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si 14662, Republic of Korea (S.L.)
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5
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Riaz SM, Hanevik K, Helgeland L, Sviland L, Hunter RL, Mustafa T. Novel Insights into the Pathogenesis of Human Post-Primary Tuberculosis from Archival Material of the Pre-Antibiotic Era, 1931-1947. Pathogens 2023; 12:1426. [PMID: 38133309 PMCID: PMC10745901 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Primary and post-primary tuberculosis (TB) are distinct entities. The aim of this study was to study the histopathology of primary and post-primary TB by using the unique human autopsy material from the pre-antibiotic era, 1931-1947. MATERIAL AND METHODS Autopsy data were collected from the autopsy journals, and the human tissue was collected from the pathology archives at the Department of Pathology, the Gades Institute. RESULTS Histological presentations of TB lesions showed great diversity within a single lung. Post-primary TB starts as a pneumonia forming early lesions, characterized by the infiltration of foamy macrophages containing mycobacterial antigens within alveoli, and progressing to necrotic pneumonias with an increasing density of mycobacterial antigens in the lesions. These necrotic pneumonic lesions appeared to either resolve as fibrocaseous lesions or lead to cavitation. The typical granulomatous inflammation, the hallmark of TB lesions, appeared later in the post-primary TB and surrounded the pneumonic lesions. These post-primary granulomas contained lesser mycobacterial antigens as compared to necrotic pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS Immunopathogenesis of post-primary TB is different from primary TB and starts as pneumonia. The early lesions of post-primary TB may progress or regress, holding the key to understanding how a host can develop the disease despite an effective TB immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Mariam Riaz
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Kurt Hanevik
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway;
- National Centre for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Medical Department, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Helgeland
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (L.H.); (L.S.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Lisbet Sviland
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (L.H.); (L.S.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Robert L. Hunter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Centre at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Tehmina Mustafa
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway;
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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6
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Chen R, Gao X, Nie T, Wu J, Wang L, Osman A, Feng Y, Li X, Zhang Y. Crystal structure of the GDSL family esterase EstL5 in complex with PMSF reveals a branch channel of the active site pocket. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1833-1839. [PMID: 37705347 PMCID: PMC10686790 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Esterases/lipases from the GDSL family have potential applications in the hydrolysis and synthesis of important esters of pharmaceutical, food, and biotechnical interests. However, the structural and functional understanding of GDSL enzymes is still limited. Here, we report the crystal structure of the GDSL family esterase EstL5 complexed with PMSF at 2.34 Å resolution. Intriguingly, the PMSF binding site is not located at the active site pocket but is situated in a surface cavity. At the active site, we note that there is a trapped crystallization solvent 1,6-hexanediol, which mimics the bound ester chain, allowing for further definition of the active site pocket of EstL5. The most striking structural feature of EstL5 is the presence of a unique channel, which extends approximately 18.9 Å, with a bottleneck radius of 6.8 Å, connecting the active-site pocket and the surface cavity. Replacement of Ser205 with the bulk aromatic residue Trp or Phe could partially block the channel at one end and perturb its access. Reduced enzymatic activity is found in the EstL5 S205W and EstL5 S205F mutants, suggesting the functional relevance of the channel to enzyme catalysis. Our study provides valuable information regarding the properties of the GDSL-family enzymes for designing more efficient and robust biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runsha Chen
- School of Food and BioengineeringChangsha University of Science & TechnologyChangsha410004China
| | - Xuechun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial MetabolismJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Ting Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial MetabolismJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Jinhong Wu
- Department of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200024China
| | - Lin Wang
- Gastro Endoscopy CenterShanghai Children’s HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200062China
| | - Ali Osman
- Biochemistry DepartmentFaculty of AgricultureZagazig UniversityZagazigEgypt
| | - Yan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial MetabolismJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Xianghong Li
- School of Food and BioengineeringChangsha University of Science & TechnologyChangsha410004China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial MetabolismJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
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7
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Kamel AA, Alawajji RA, Kannarpady GK. The cavity perturbation method for evaluating hematocrit via dielectric properties. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2023; 9:065029. [PMID: 37883952 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ad0740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The physical parameters of human blood (complex permittivity and conductivity) at microwave frequencies have been investigated to assess the hematocrit (HCT). The cavity perturbation method based on a rectangular cavity operated in TE101mode at frequency 4.212 GHz has been utilized to measure the permittivity of blood with different hematocrit % at a range of temperatures. According to the results, the dielectric constant, loss factor, and conductivity appeared to be influenced by HCT level. Though the dielectric constant is the only parameter that shows clear linear regression decreasing behavior with a correlation value around (R2= 0.93). For thirty healthy donors the dielectric constant decreases from (65.61 ± 1.4 to 44.64 ± 4.0) and from (65.3 ± 1.2 to 48.3 ± 1.88) for men and women, respectively, with increasing hematocrit percentage from 20% HCT up to 95% HCT. The temperature dependence of the dielectric constant is also examined in the temperature range 27 °C-50 °C and the results display a slight decrease in dielectric constant with elevation temperature. The temperature-dependence dielectric constant of water and blood samples were fitted to an empirical polynomial with temperature. A comparison of estimated HCT using the cavity technique based on dielectric properties shows a very good agreement with commercially standard HCT measurement methods. Finally, the cavity technique can be applied to measure the hematocrit up to high values based on the dielectric constant with high precision, simplicity, and low cost compared with traditional techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla A Kamel
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61004, Iraq
| | - Raad A Alawajji
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61004, Iraq
| | - Ganesh K Kannarpady
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 South University Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72204, United States of America
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8
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Morakote W, Adams LC, Ramasamy SK, Spunt SL, Baratto L, Liang T, Daldrup-Link HE. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in pediatric sarcoma: Prognostic implications of pulmonary metastatic cavitation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e30629. [PMID: 37580891 PMCID: PMC10947454 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSES This study aims to ascertain the prevalence of cavitations in pulmonary metastases among pediatric and young adult patients with sarcoma undergoing tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, and assess whether cavitation can predict clinical response and survival outcomes. METHODS In a single-center retrospective analysis, we examined chest computed tomography (CT) scans of 17 patients (median age 16 years; age range: 4-25 years) with histopathologically confirmed bone (n = 10) or soft tissue (n = 7) sarcoma who underwent TKI treatment for lung metastases. The interval between TKI initiation and the onset of lung nodule cavitation and tumor regrowth were assessed. The combination of all imaging studies and clinical data served as the reference standard for clinical responses. Progression-free survival (PFS) was compared between patients with cavitating and solid nodules using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test. RESULTS Five out of 17 patients (29%) exhibited cavitation of pulmonary nodules during TKI therapy. The median time from TKI initiation to the first observed cavitation was 79 days (range: 46-261 days). At the time of cavitation, all patients demonstrated stable disease. When the cavities began to fill with solid tumor, 60% (3/5) of patients exhibited progression in other pulmonary nodules. The median PFS for patients with cavitated pulmonary nodules after TKI treatment (6.7 months) was significantly longer compared to patients without cavitated nodules (3.8 months; log-rank p-value = .03). CONCLUSIONS Cavitation of metastatic pulmonary nodules in sarcoma patients undergoing TKI treatment is indicative of non-progressive disease, and significantly correlates with PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wipawee Morakote
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Lisa C Adams
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shakthi K Ramasamy
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sheri L Spunt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lucia Baratto
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tie Liang
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Heike E Daldrup-Link
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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9
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Tsukaya H, Ohtake Y. Cavity and entrance pore development in ant plant hypocotyls. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1234650. [PMID: 37746003 PMCID: PMC10513446 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1234650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Some genera of Rubiaceae in South-eastern Asia are known as typical ant plants. They have large domatia, which form in well-developed hypocotyls in which ants nest. Previously, cavity formation processes were described; however, these reports were dependent on tissue sections of different individuals of different ages. No continuous time-course analyses were done because cavity formation occurs inside the thick tissues of highly swollen domatia. Here we observed cavity formation processes in ant plants by using X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging and revealed previously overlooked features of cavity formation. Firstly, the cavity pore occurs at the hypocotyl base in not only gravity-dependent but also basal position-dependent manner. Secondly, the cavity forms prior to the start of short tunnel formation between the cavity and the pore. The cavity axis is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the hypocotyl; however, the short tunnel axis between the pore and cavity depends on gravity. Non-invasive CT scanning is a very powerful method to analyze deeply hidden morphogenic processes in organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ohtake
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Prathap A, Sreeja NR, Nair SS, Babu SS. Adenoid squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa - A rare case report. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2023; 14:492-495. [PMID: 38273926 PMCID: PMC10806307 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_158_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenoid squamous cell carcinoma is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma. It is mainly reported in the sun-exposed areas of the head and neck. In literature, adenoid variants of squamous cell carcinoma are reported in the lip and tongue. Documented cases of buccal mucosa are very few. In this case report, we describe an adenoid variant of squamous cell carcinoma, which is an unusual presentation of a rare carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Prathap
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - Nidhin Rajagopalan Sreeja
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - Sunil Sukumaran Nair
- Department of Oral Pathology, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - Sharlene S. Babu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
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11
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Shen M, Zheng L, Koole LH. Polymeric Microspheres Designed to Carry Crystalline Drugs at Their Surface or Inside Cavities and Dimples. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2146. [PMID: 37631360 PMCID: PMC10460081 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Injectable polymer microparticles with the ability to carry and release pharmacologically active agents are attracting more and more interest. This study is focused on the chemical synthesis, characterization, and preliminary exploration of the utility of a new type of injectable drug-releasing polymer microparticle. The particles feature a new combination of structural and physico-chemical properties: (i) their geometry deviates from the spherical in the sense that the particles have a cavity; (ii) the particles are porous and can therefore be loaded with crystalline drug formulations; drug crystals can reside at both the particle's surfaces and inside cavities; (iii) the particles are relatively dense since the polymer network contains covalently bound iodine (approximately 10% by mass); this renders the drug-loaded particles traceable (localizable) by X-ray fluoroscopy. This study presents several examples. First, the particles were loaded with crystalline voriconazole, which is a potent antifungal drug used in ophthalmology to treat fungal keratitis (infection/inflammation of the cornea caused by penetrating fungus). Drug loading as high as 10% by mass (=mass of immobilized drug/(mass of the microparticle + mass of immobilized drug) × 100%) could be achieved. Slow local release of voriconazole from these particles was observed in vitro. These findings hold promise regarding new approaches to treat fungal keratitis. Moreover, this study can help to expand the scope of the transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) technique since it enables the use of higher drug loadings (thus enabling higher local drug concentration or extended therapy duration), as well as application of hydrophobic drugs that cannot be used in combination with existing TACE embolic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leo H. Koole
- Innovative Bioengineering Laboratory for Ocular Drug Delivery, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou 325027, China; (M.S.); (L.Z.)
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12
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Mehta AA, Ashok A, Haridas N, Kunoor A, Yesodharan J. A case of tracheobronchopathia ostochondorplastica. Respirol Case Rep 2023; 11:e01189. [PMID: 37441674 PMCID: PMC10333659 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is a disorder caused by the accumulation of calcium phosphate in the submucosa of large airways. Benign proliferation of bone and cartilage lead to the narrowing of airways. Bronchoscopy is the diagnostic test for TO. It shows characteristic smooth nodules emerging from tracheal rings that never involves the posterior membranous wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita A. Mehta
- Department of Respiratory MedicineAmrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa VidyapeethemKochiIndia
| | - Aditya Ashok
- Department of Respiratory MedicineAmrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa VidyapeethemKochiIndia
| | - Nithya Haridas
- Department of Respiratory MedicineAmrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa VidyapeethemKochiIndia
| | - Akhilesh Kunoor
- Department of Respiratory MedicineAmrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa VidyapeethemKochiIndia
| | - Jyotsana Yesodharan
- Department of PathologyAmrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa VidyapeethemKochiIndia
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13
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Kooner L, Munoz A, Garcia A, Kaur A, Sharma R, Bustamante V, Narang V, Thompson GR, Kuran R, Berjis A, Johnson RH, Heidari A. Coccidioidal Pulmonary Cavitation: A New Age. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050561. [PMID: 37233271 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Coccidioides species are thermally dimorphic fungi found in geographically defined areas of the Western Hemisphere. The primary portal of entry is respiratory, with symptomatic pneumonic diseases as the most common presentation. Subsequent pulmonary complications as well as extrapulmonary metastatic infection may occur, either of which may be the presenting disease manifestation. Cavitary lung disease may be found incidentally or when investigating symptoms such as cough or hemoptysis. This study aims to explore the spectrum of coccidioidal cavities and the evaluation and management in a cohort of patients seen at Kern Medical over the last 12 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovedip Kooner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, CA 93306, USA
- Valley Fever Institute, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, CA 93306, USA
| | - Augustine Munoz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, CA 93306, USA
- Valley Fever Institute, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, CA 93306, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Austin Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, CA 93306, USA
- Valley Fever Institute, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, CA 93306, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Akriti Kaur
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, CA 93306, USA
- Valley Fever Institute, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, CA 93306, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rupam Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, CA 93306, USA
- Valley Fever Institute, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, CA 93306, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Virginia Bustamante
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, CA 93306, USA
- Valley Fever Institute, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, CA 93306, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Vishal Narang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, CA 93306, USA
- Valley Fever Institute, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, CA 93306, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - George R Thompson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UC-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Rasha Kuran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, CA 93306, USA
- Valley Fever Institute, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, CA 93306, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amir Berjis
- Department of Surgery, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, CA 93306, USA
| | - Royce H Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, CA 93306, USA
- Valley Fever Institute, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, CA 93306, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arash Heidari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, CA 93306, USA
- Valley Fever Institute, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, CA 93306, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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14
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So C, Ushigusa T, Jinta T. Cavitary lung metastases of mixed metaplastic breast cancer mimicking aspergilloma. Thorac Cancer 2023; 14:1408-1410. [PMID: 37035863 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a 57-year-old woman with pulmonary metastasis of breast cancer presenting with a characteristic cavitary shadow resembling aspergilloma. The primary tumor and metastases showed multiple histopathologic components, including squamous cell carcinoma. Although a fungal ball-like shadow may indicate the presence of a pulmonary aspergilloma, a comprehensive examination, including bronchoscopy, should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara So
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ushigusa
- Department of Pathology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Torahiko Jinta
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Khan S, Nazir Ahmed W, Aleem A, Ur Rehman S. Inadvertent Placement of Thoracic Epidural Catheter in Pleural Cavity: A Case Report and Review of Published Literature. Cureus 2023; 15:e37642. [PMID: 37200670 PMCID: PMC10187799 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Thoracic epidural placement is considered the gold standard for pain management for abdominal or thoracic surgery. It provides analgesia superior to that provided by opioids with a decreased risk of pulmonary complications. Insertion of a thoracic epidural catheter requires the knowledge and expertise of an anesthetist; epidural catheter insertion may be challenging especially when sited in the higher thoracic region, in patients with unusual neuraxial anatomy, patients unable to position adequately for insertion or morbidly obese patients. Postoperatively the anesthetic team is required to look after the patient and assess for any complications such as hypotension. Even though the incidence of complications may be low; however, some of these could have detrimental consequences for the patients such as epidural abscess, hematoma formation, and temporary or permanent neurological damage. In this case report, we will discuss a patient who underwent a three-stage esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma under general anesthesia with epidural analgesia. The epidural catheter (Portex® Epidural Minipack System with NRFit® connector, ICUmedical, USA) was found in the intrapleural space during video-assisted thoracoscopy for the thoracic part of esophagectomy. To facilitate surgical access, the catheter was removed immediately, and the patient was given patient-controlled analgesia with morphine for postoperative pain control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa Khan
- Anesthesia, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, PAK
| | - Wajahat Nazir Ahmed
- Anesthesia, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, PAK
| | - Asad Aleem
- Anesthesia, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, PAK
| | - Saad Ur Rehman
- Anesthesia, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, PAK
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16
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Zhang Z, Long M, Zheng N, Lü X, Zhu C, Osire T, Xia X. Inside Out Computational Redesign of Cavities for Improving Thermostability and Catalytic Activity of Rhizomucor Miehei Lipase. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0217222. [PMID: 36912632 PMCID: PMC10057959 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02172-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cavities are created by hydrophobic interactions between residue side chain atoms during the folding of enzymes. Redesigning cavities can improve the thermostability and catalytic activity of the enzyme; however, the synergistic effect of cavities remains unclear. In this study, Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML) was used as a model to explore volume fluctuation and spatial distribution changes of the internal cavities, which could reveal the roles of internal cavities in the thermostability and catalytic activity. We present an inside out cavity engineering (CE) strategy based on computational techniques to explore how changes in the volumes and spatial distribution of cavities affect the thermostability and catalytic activity of the enzyme. We obtained 12 single-point mutants, among which the melting temperatures (Tm) of 8 mutants showed an increase of more than 2°C. Sixteen multipoint mutations were further designed by spatial distribution rearrangement of internal cavities. The Tm of the most stable triple variant, with mutations including T21V (a change of T to V at position 21), S27A, and T198L (T21V/S27A/T198L), was elevated by 11.0°C, together with a 28.7-fold increase in the half-life at 65°C and a specific activity increase of 9.9-fold (up to 5,828 U mg-1), one of the highest lipase activities reported. The possible mechanism of decreased volumes and spatial rearrangement of the internal cavities improved the stability of the enzyme, optimizing the outer substrate tunnel to improve the catalytic efficiency. Overall, the inside out computational redesign of cavities method could help to deeply understand the effect of cavities on enzymatic stability and activity, which would be beneficial for protein engineering efforts to optimize natural enzymes. IMPORTANCE In the present study, R. miehei lipase, which is widely used in various industries, provides an opportunity to explore the effects of internal cavities on the thermostability and catalytic activity of enzymes. Here, we execute high hydrostatic pressure molecular dynamics (HP-MD) simulations to screen the critical internal cavity and reshape the internal cavities through site-directed mutation. We show that as the global internal cavity volume decreases, cavity rearrangement can improve the stability of the protein while optimizing the substrate channel to improve the catalytic efficiency. Our results provide significant insights into understanding the mechanism of action of the internal cavity. Our strategy is expected to be applied to other enzymes to promote increases in thermostability and catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mengfei Long
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiang Lü
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Cailin Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tolbert Osire
- Faculty of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaole Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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17
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Xiong Y, Shepherd S, Tibbs J, Bacon A, Liu W, Akin LD, Ayupova T, Bhaskar S, Cunningham BT. Photonic Crystal Enhanced Fluorescence: A Review on Design Strategies and Applications. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:668. [PMID: 36985075 PMCID: PMC10059769 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale fluorescence emitters are efficient for measuring biomolecular interactions, but their utility for applications requiring single-unit observations is constrained by the need for large numerical aperture objectives, fluorescence intermittency, and poor photon collection efficiency resulting from omnidirectional emission. Photonic crystal (PC) structures hold promise to address the aforementioned challenges in fluorescence enhancement. In this review, we provide a broad overview of PCs by explaining their structures, design strategies, fabrication techniques, and sensing principles. Furthermore, we discuss recent applications of PC-enhanced fluorescence-based biosensors incorporated with emerging technologies, including nucleic acids sensing, protein detection, and steroid monitoring. Finally, we discuss current challenges associated with PC-enhanced fluorescence and provide an outlook for fluorescence enhancement with photonic-plasmonics coupling and their promise for point-of-care biosensing as well monitoring analytes of biological and environmental relevance. The review presents the transdisciplinary applications of PCs in the broad arena of fluorescence spectroscopy with broad applications in photo-plasmonics, life science research, materials chemistry, cancer diagnostics, and internet of things.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Xiong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Skye Shepherd
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joseph Tibbs
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Amanda Bacon
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Weinan Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Lucas D. Akin
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Takhmina Ayupova
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Seemesh Bhaskar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brian T. Cunningham
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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18
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Yoon I, Hong JH, Witanto JN, Yim JJ, Kwak N, Goo JM, Yoon SH. Mycobacterial cavity on chest computed tomography: clinical implications and deep learning-based automatic detection with quantification. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2023; 13:747-762. [PMID: 36819253 PMCID: PMC9929398 DOI: 10.21037/qims-22-620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background This study aimed (I) to investigate the clinical implication of computed tomography (CT) cavity volume in tuberculosis (TB) and non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD), and (II) to develop a three-dimensional (3D) nnU-Net model to automatically detect and quantify cavity volume on CT images. Methods We retrospectively included conveniently sampled 206 TB and 186 NTM-PD patients in a tertiary referral hospital, who underwent thin-section chest CT scans from 2012 through 2019. TB was microbiologically confirmed, and NTM-PD was diagnosed by 2007 Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society guideline. The reference cavities were semi-automatically segmented on CT images and a 3D nnU-Net model was built with 298 cases (240 cases for training, 20 for tuning, and 38 for internal validation). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the accuracy of the CT cavity volume for two clinically relevant parameters: sputum smear positivity in TB and treatment in NTM-PD. The sensitivity and false-positive rate were calculated to assess the cavity detection of nnU-Net using radiologist-detected cavities as references, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the reference and the U-Net-derived cavity volumes was analyzed. Results The mean CT cavity volumes in TB and NTM-PD patients were 11.3 and 16.4 cm3, respectively, and were significantly greater in smear-positive TB (P<0.001) and NTM-PD necessitating treatment (P=0.020). The CT cavity volume provided areas under the curve of 0.701 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.620-0.782] for TB sputum positivity and 0.834 (95% CI: 0.773-0.894) for necessity of NTM-PD treatment. The nnU-Net provided per-patient sensitivity of 100% (19/19) and per-lesion sensitivity of 83.7% (41/49) in the validation dataset, with an average of 0.47 false-positive small cavities per patient (median volume, 0.26 cm3). The mean Dice similarity coefficient between the manually segmented cavities and the U-Net-derived cavities was 78.9. The ICCs between the reference and U-Net-derived volumes were 0.991 (95% CI: 0.983-0.995) and 0.933 (95% CI: 0.897-0.957) on a per-patient and per-lesion basis, respectively. Conclusions CT cavity volume was associated with sputum positivity in TB and necessity of treatment in NTM-PD. The 3D nnU-Net model could automatically detect and quantify mycobacterial cavities on chest CT, helping assess TB infectivity and initiate NTM-TB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieun Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hee Hong
- Department of Radiology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | | | - Jae-Joon Yim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nakwon Kwak
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Mo Goo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Ho Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Galka AG, Kostrov AV, Priver SE, Strikovskiy AV, Parshin VV, Serov EA, Nikolenko AS, Korobkov SV, Gushchin ME. Microwave Cavity Sensor for Measurements of Air Humidity under Reduced Pressure. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:1498. [PMID: 36772537 PMCID: PMC9921753 DOI: 10.3390/s23031498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A high-sensitivity sensor for measuring moisture content in the air or air humidity under low pressure was designed on the basis of a half-wave coaxial microwave cavity. The method of measuring small variations in the signal phase at a cavity excitation frequency of 1.63 GHz was applied to detect low densities of water vapor. It allows the detection of variations in dielectric air permittivity in the seventh decimal place. A prototype of the sensor was tested in a vacuum chamber. It was calibrated by comparing the test results with the readings of a commercial pressure gauge and using the independent method of measuring the moisture content in rarefied air on the basis of the absorption of millimeter waves in the local line of water vapor at 183 GHz. The developed sensor can be used in laboratory experiments and full-scale geophysical research in the atmosphere onboard various aircrafts.
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20
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Schuwerk L, Lemke L, Hünerfauth E, Hewicker-Trautwein M. Atypically located arachnoid cyst in a five-year-old cat. J Comp Pathol 2023; 200:46-50. [PMID: 36641986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Arachnoid cysts are cystic lesions that occur in spinal or intracranial locations in the leptomeningeal space. Four intracranial cases have been described in cats, three of which were diagnosed by imaging techniques alone. We now report the clinical, gross and histopathological findings in a 5-year-old, male-neutered European Shorthair cat that presented with chronic, asymmetrical encephalopathy. Using magnetic resonance imaging, a focal, fluid-filled cavity that did not show contrast enhancement was identified in the left temporal and piriform lobes. Necropsy confirmed the presence of a cystic, meningeal cavity filled with clear, serous fluid. Histologically, the cyst had an irregular, hypereosinophilic surface and single psammoma bodies with moderate perivascular oedema in the adjacent neuroparenchyma. Immunohistochemical evidence of meningeal tissue surrounding the cyst confirmed the diagnosis of an arachnoid cyst, which should be considered as a differential diagnosis of intracranial, fluid-filled cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schuwerk
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Laura Lemke
- Department for Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Enrice Hünerfauth
- Department for Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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21
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Wang N, Xu J, Cao P, Li Z, Xue G, Hu Y, Zhang H, Han C, Zhao W, Yang X, Wei Z, Ye X. Early enlarging cavitation after percutaneous microwave ablation of primary lung cancer. Int J Hyperthermia 2023; 40:2210269. [PMID: 37192752 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2023.2210269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This retrospective study assessed the incidence rate, risk factors, and clinical course of early enlarging cavitation after percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) of primary lung cancer (PLC). METHODS This study included 557 lesions of 514 patients with PLC who underwent CT-guided percutaneous MWA between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2021. Of these patients, 29 developed early enlarging cavitation and were enrolled in the cavity group, and 173 were randomly enrolled in the control group. Early enlarging cavitation of the lung was defined as the development of a cavity ≥30 mm within 7 days after MWA. RESULTS Overall, 31 (5.57%, 31/557 tumors) early enlarging cavitations occurred at an average of 5.83 ± 1.55 d after MWA. The risk factors were lesion contact with a large vessel (diameter ≥3 mm), lesion contact with the bronchus (diameter ≥2 mm), and a large ablated parenchymal volume. The cavity group had a higher incidence rate of delayed hydropneumothorax (12.9%) and bronchopleural fistula (9.68%) than the control group, resulting in a longer hospitalization (9.09 ± 5.26 days). Until Dec 31, 2022, 27 cavities disappeared after a mean of 217.88 ± 78.57 d (range, 111-510 d), two persisted, and two were lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Early enlarging cavitation occurred in 5.57% PLC cases that underwent MWA, causing serve complications and longer hospitalization. The risk factors were ablated lesion contact with large vessels and bronchi, as well as a larger ablated parenchymal volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute. Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia. Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Pikun Cao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute. Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zhichao Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute. Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Guoliang Xue
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute. Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yanting Hu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute. Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute. Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Cuiping Han
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute. Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Wenhua Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute. Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Wei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute. Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute. Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
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22
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Anikina MA, Roy P, Kadinskaya SA, Kuznetsov A, Kondratev VM, Bolshakov AD. Numerical Study of GaP Nanowires: Individual and Coupled Optical Waveguides and Resonant Phenomena. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 13:56. [PMID: 36615966 PMCID: PMC9824084 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel nanophotonic devices and circuits necessitates studies of optical phenomena in nanoscale structures. Catalyzed semiconductor nanowires are known for their unique properties including high crystallinity and silicon compatibility making them the perfect platform for optoelectronics and nanophotonics. In this work, we explore numerically optical properties of gallium phosphide nanowires governed by their dimensions and study waveguiding, coupling between the two wires and resonant field confinement to unveil nanoscale phenomena paving the way for the fabrication of the integrated optical circuits. Photonic coupling between the two adjacent nanowires is studied in detail to demonstrate good tolerance of the coupling to the distance between the two aligned wires providing losses not exceeding 30% for the gap of 100 nm. The dependence of this coupling is investigated with the wires placed nearby varying their relative position. It is found that due to the resonant properties of a nanowire acting as a Fabry-Perot cavity, two coupled wires represent an attractive system for control over the optical signal processing governed by the signal interference. We explore size-dependent plasmonic behaviors of the metallic Ga nanoparticle enabling GaP nanowire as an antenna-waveguide hybrid system. We demonstrate numerically that variation of the structure dimensions allows the nearfield tailoring. As such, we explore GaP NWs as a versatile platform for integrated photonic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Anikina
- Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials, Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy Lane, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Prithu Roy
- Department of Physics, ITMO University, Kronverkskii 49, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana A. Kadinskaya
- Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials, Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy Lane, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Alexey Kuznetsov
- Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials, Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy Lane, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Valeriy M. Kondratev
- Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials, Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy Lane, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Alexey D. Bolshakov
- Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials, Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy Lane, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
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Lee K, Nam J, Park J, Hong G. Numerical Analysis of Factors Influencing the Ground Surface Settlement above a Cavity. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:8301. [PMID: 36499798 PMCID: PMC9738637 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, ground stability was evaluated through vertical displacement distribution and surface settlement results. In particular, a finite element analysis was conducted considering various factors (namely, cavity type and area, traffic load, pavement thickness, and elastic modulus) that affect a road above a cavity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pavement layer and traffic load condition on surface settlement according to the cavity shape. Field measurement results were analyzed and compared with the results of previous studies to verify the reliability of the numerical analysis method applied herein. After performing the numerical analysis using the verified method, ground stability was evaluated by analyzing the underground mechanical behavior of a road above a cavity. To this end, the correlations among the vertical displacement distribution, surface settlement, and influencing factors obtained from the analysis results were analyzed. In the numerical analysis, the ground was simulated with a hardening soil model based on the elastoplastic theory. This mechanical soil model can accurately reproduce the behavior of actual ground and can closely represent the mechanical behavior of the soil surrounding a cavity according to the cavity generation. In addition, the elapsed time was not considered when applying a load on the pavement layer, and a uniformly distributed load was applied. Consequently, it was found that, with increasing cavity area and traffic load and decreasing pavement thickness and elastic modulus, the vertical displacement and maximum surface settlement above the cavity increased, and the reduction in ground stability was greater. Furthermore, the reduction in ground stability was greater when the cavity was rectangular than when it was circular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangil Lee
- Department of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Daejin University, 1007 Hoguk-ro, Pocheon-si 11159, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhee Nam
- Department of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Daejin University, 1007 Hoguk-ro, Pocheon-si 11159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongjun Park
- Incheon Disaster Prevention Research Center, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Gigwon Hong
- Department of Civil Engineering, Halla University, 28 Halladae-gil, Wonju-si 26404, Republic of Korea
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24
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Heide F, Stetefeld J. A Structural Analysis of Proteinaceous Nanotube Cavities and Their Applications in Nanotechnology. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:4080. [PMID: 36432365 PMCID: PMC9698212 DOI: 10.3390/nano12224080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein nanotubes offer unique properties to the materials science field that allow them to fulfill various functions in drug delivery, biosensors and energy storage. Protein nanotubes are chemically diverse, modular, biodegradable and nontoxic. Furthermore, although the initial design or repurposing of such nanotubes is highly complex, the field has matured to understand underlying chemical and physical properties to a point where applications are successfully being developed. An important feature of a nanotube is its ability to bind ligands via its internal cavities. As ligands of interest vary in size, shape and chemical properties, cavities have to be able to accommodate very specific features. As such, understanding cavities on a structural level is essential for their effective application. The objective of this review is to present the chemical and physical diversity of protein nanotube cavities and highlight their potential applications in materials science, specifically in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Heide
- Correspondence: (F.H.); (J.S.); Tel.: +1-(204)-332-0853 (F.H.); +1-(204)-474-9731 (J.S.)
| | - Jörg Stetefeld
- Correspondence: (F.H.); (J.S.); Tel.: +1-(204)-332-0853 (F.H.); +1-(204)-474-9731 (J.S.)
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25
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Konda E, Sotja D, Zeqo M. Digital radiography in integrity evaluation of metal injection molding products. Physiol Int 2022. [PMID: 35939352 DOI: 10.1556/606.2022.00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Metal injection molding has undergone great growth in the last years and is widely used in the manufacturing of small-sized and geometrically complex metal parts in high-volume production series in many applications. This paper makes overview of the integrity evaluation of metal injection molding production. Digital radiography can automatize the process of controlling various discontinuities inside the material, with sensitivity acceptable by the standard. Image processing through software Rythm Review 2.2, allows the detection of discontinuities in complicated geometric shapes. Tests were made on items with thicknesses 3 - up to 8 mm, with complicated geometry. The result is satisfactory in terms of localization and evaluation of defects in both dimensions and typology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkelejda Konda
- 1 Department of Production and Management, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnic University of Tirana, Albania
| | - Dhimitraq Sotja
- 2 Department of Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnic University of Tirana, Albania
| | - Migena Zeqo
- 1 Department of Production and Management, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnic University of Tirana, Albania
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26
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Chen S, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Ma S, Chen G, Zhu D, Liu J, Tang C, Zhang H, Zhao Z. A novel angiographic classification of pseudoaneurysms of the pulmonary chronic inflammatory cavity based on selective angiograms and therapeutic implications. J Thorac Dis 2022; 14:1784-1793. [PMID: 35813718 PMCID: PMC9264097 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Hemoptysis is a common clinical symptom. In the chronic tuberculosis cavity and chronic necrotizing pneumonia cavity, pseudoaneurysms (Pas) easily form and are prone to massive hemoptysis and repeated hemoptysis and can even endanger patient's life. However, it remains to be further analyzed whether Pas of the pulmonary chronic inflammatory cavity selectively affect the peripheral pulmonary branches. This study is based on selective angiography to classify peripheral pulmonary arterial Pas (PAPs) of the pulmonary chronic inflammatory cavity and to determine treatment options for PAPs, thereby guiding individualized clinical treatment. Methods Angiographic data of 392 noncancer patients undergoing hemoptysis were retrospectively analyzed. All of the patients underwent pulmonary and selective pulmonary angiography and bronchial and nonbronchial systemic collateral arterial angiography. A total of 9 patients had Pas of the pulmonary chronic inflammatory cavity, and a pseudoaneurysm systemic artery collateral (Pasac), inflow and outflow sections of the parent vessels, and direction of blood flow in the parent vessels were clearly observed with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and/or C-arm cone-beam flat-panel detector computed tomography angiography (CBCTA). Patients with underlying disease had pulmonary tuberculosis (n=8) or lung abscess (n=1). The angiographic types of Pas were analyzed. Results Eight patients with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis and 1 patient with a necrotizing pneumonia cavity in the convalescent period were included in the study. Pas of the pulmonary chronic inflammatory cavity presented the following types: (I) pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm (PAPa) (n=2 cases); (II) body arterial Pa (n=3 cases); and (III) systemic-pulmonary anastomosis Pa. Each type could be divided into two subtypes (n=4 cases). In nine cases, embolization and hemostasis were technically and clinically successful. Conclusions Pas of the pulmonary chronic inflammatory cavity are diverse (especially in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis). Angiographic typing plays a guiding role in the selection of an embolization strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Interventional Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Interventional Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zicheng Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Interventional Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuoyi Ma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Interventional Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guodong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Interventional Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Interventional Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Interventional Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Tang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuxiang Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Interventional Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Tiwari P, Fischer A, Scherrer M, Caimi D, Schmid H, Moselund KE. Single-Mode Emission in InP Microdisks on Si Using Au Antenna. ACS Photonics 2022; 9:1218-1225. [PMID: 35480488 PMCID: PMC9026291 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.1c01677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An important building block for on-chip photonic applications is a scaled emitter. Whispering gallery mode cavities based on III-Vs on Si allow for small device footprints and lasing with low thresholds. However, multimodal emission and wavelength stability over a wider range of temperature can be challenging. Here, we explore the use of Au nanorod antennae on InP whispering gallery mode lasers on Si for single-mode emission. We show that by proper choice of the antenna size and positioning, we can suppress the side modes of a cavity and achieve single-mode emission over a wide excitation range. We establish emission trends by varying the size of the antenna and show that the far-field radiation pattern differs significantly for devices with and without antenna. Furthermore, the antenna-induced single-mode emission is dominant from room temperature (300 K) down to 200 K, whereas the cavity without an antenna is multimodal and its dominant emission wavelength is highly temperature-dependent.
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28
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Kosowska M, Mallik AK, Rycewicz M, Haenen K, Szczerska M. Diamond Structures for Tuning of the Finesse Coefficient of Photonic Devices. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:2552. [PMID: 35407887 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Finesse coefficient is one of the most important parameters describing the properties of a resonant cavity. In this research, a mathematical investigation of the application of diamond structures in a fiber-optic Fabry–Perot measurement head to assess their impact on the finesse coefficient is proposed. We present modeled transmission functions of cavities utilizing a nitrogen-doped diamond, a boron-doped diamond, nanocrystalline diamond sheet and a silver mirror. The diamond structures were deposited using a microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition system. A SEM investigation of surface morphology was conducted. The modeling took into consideration the fiber-optic Fabry–Perot setup working in a reflective mode, with an external cavity and a light source of 1550 nm. A comparison of the mathematical investigation and experimental results is presented.
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29
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Li Z, Nguyen L, Bass DA, Baran TM. Effects of patient-specific treatment planning on eligibility for photodynamic therapy of deep tissue abscess cavities: retrospective Monte Carlo simulation study. J Biomed Opt 2022; 27:083007. [PMID: 35146973 PMCID: PMC8831513 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.8.083007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) effectively kills bacterial strains found in deep tissue abscess cavities. PDT response hinges on multiple factors, including light dose, which depends on patient optical properties. AIM Computed tomography images for 60 abscess drainage subjects were segmented and used for Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. We evaluated effects of optical properties and abscess morphology on PDT eligibility and generated treatment plans. APPROACH A range of abscess wall absorptions (μa , wall) and intra-cavity Intralipid concentrations were simulated. At each combination, the threshold optical power and optimal Intralipid concentration were found for a fluence rate target, with subjects being eligible for PDT if the target was attainable with <2000 mW of source light. Further simulations were performed with absorption within the cavity (μa , cavity). RESULTS Patient-specific treatment planning substantially increased the number of subjects expected to achieve an efficacious light dose for antimicrobial PDT, especially with Intralipid modification. The threshold optical power and optimal Intralipid concentration increased with increasing μa , wall (p < 0.001). PDT eligibility improved with patient-specific treatment planning (p < 0.0001). With μa , wall = 0.2 cm - 1, eligibility increased from 42% to 92%. Increasing μa , cavity reduced PDT eligibility (p < 0.0001); modifying the delivered optical power had the greatest impact in this case. CONCLUSIONS MC-based treatment planning greatly increases eligibility for PDT of abscess cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Li
- University of Rochester, The Institute of Optics, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Lam Nguyen
- University of Rochester, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - David A. Bass
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Imaging Sciences, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Timothy M. Baran
- University of Rochester, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, New York, United States
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Imaging Sciences, Rochester, New York, United States
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Kuznetsov A, Roy P, Kondratev VM, Fedorov VV, Kotlyar KP, Reznik RR, Vorobyev AA, Mukhin IS, Cirlin GE, Bolshakov AD. Anisotropic Radiation in Heterostructured "Emitter in a Cavity" Nanowire. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:241. [PMID: 35055259 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tailorable synthesis of axially heterostructured epitaxial nanowires (NWs) with a proper choice of materials allows for the fabrication of novel photonic devices, such as a nanoemitter in the resonant cavity. An example of the structure is a GaP nanowire with ternary GaPAs insertions in the form of nano-sized discs studied in this work. With the use of the micro-photoluminescence technique and numerical calculations, we experimentally and theoretically study photoluminescence emission in individual heterostructured NWs. Due to the high refractive index and near-zero absorption through the emission band, the photoluminescence signal tends to couple into the nanowire cavity acting as a Fabry–Perot resonator, while weak radiation propagating perpendicular to the nanowire axis is registered in the vicinity of each nano-sized disc. Thus, within the heterostructured nanowire, both amplitude and spectrally anisotropic photoluminescent signals can be achieved. Numerical modeling of the nanowire with insertions emitting in infrared demonstrates a decay in the emission directivity and simultaneous rise of the emitters coupling with an increase in the wavelength. The emergence of modulated and non-modulated radiation is discussed, and possible nanophotonic applications are considered.
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31
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Choi WS, Weng PJ, Yang W. Flexibility of telomerase in binding the RNA template and DNA telomeric repeat. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2116159118. [PMID: 34969861 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116159118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) has a conserved central cavity near the active site. Using enzymatic and mutagenesis analyses, we provide experimental evidence that an artificially looped-out telomeric repeat in the DNA primer can be transiently accommodated in the cavity of Tribolium castaneum (tcTERT). Kinetically, tcTERT requires a minimum of 4 bp between the RNA template and DNA primer for efficient DNA synthesis. An RNA duplex downstream of the RNA-template region after a flexible linker enhances the efficiency of primer extension by tcTERT. In addition to the peripheral cavities that accommodate looped-out RNA during each telomeric repeat synthesis, the central cavity that can accommodate the looped-out DNA may aid RNA-template translocation between cycles of telomeric repeat synthesis. Telomerase synthesizes telomeres at the ends of linear chromosomes by repeated reverse transcription from a short RNA template. Crystal structures of Tribolium castaneum telomerase reverse transcriptase (tcTERT) and cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human and Tetrahymena telomerase have revealed conserved features in the reverse-transcriptase domain, including a cavity near the DNA 3′ end and snug interactions with the RNA template. For the RNA template to translocate, it needs to be unpaired and separated from the DNA product. Here we investigate the potential of the structural cavity to accommodate a looped-out DNA bulge and enable the separation of the RNA/DNA hybrid. Using tcTERT as a model system, we show that a looped-out telomeric repeat in the DNA primer can be accommodated and extended by tcTERT but not by retroviral reverse transcriptase. Mutations that reduce the cavity size reduce the ability of tcTERT to extend the looped-out DNA substrate. In agreement with cryo-EM structures of telomerases, we find that tcTERT requires a minimum of 4 bp between the RNA template and DNA primer for efficient DNA synthesis. We also have determined the ternary-complex structure of tcTERT including a downstream RNA/DNA hybrid at 2.0-Å resolution and shown that a downstream RNA duplex, equivalent to the 5′ template-boundary element in telomerase RNA, enhances the efficiency of telomere synthesis by tcTERT. Although TERT has a preformed active site without the open-and-closed conformational changes, it contains cavities to accommodate looped-out RNA and DNA. The flexible RNA–DNA binding likely underlies the processivity of telomeric repeat addition.
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Mendelson N, Ritika R, Kianinia M, Scott J, Kim S, Fröch JE, Gazzana C, Westerhausen M, Xiao L, Mohajerani SS, Strauf S, Toth M, Aharonovich I, Xu ZQ. Coupling Spin Defects in a Layered Material to Nanoscale Plasmonic Cavities. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2106046. [PMID: 34601757 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spin defects in hexagonal boron nitride, and specifically the negatively charged boron vacancy (VB - ) centers, are emerging candidates for quantum sensing. However, the VB - defects suffer from low quantum efficiency and, as a result, exhibit weak photoluminescence. In this work, a scalable approach is demonstrated to dramatically enhance the VB - emission by coupling to a plasmonic gap cavity. The plasmonic cavity is composed of a flat gold surface and a silver cube, with few-layer hBN flakes positioned in between. Employing these plasmonic cavities, two orders of magnitude are extracted in photoluminescence enhancement associated with a corresponding twofold enhancement in optically detected magnetic resonance contrast. The work will be pivotal to progress in quantum sensing employing 2D materials, and in realization of nanophotonic devices with spin defects in hexagonal boron nitride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Mendelson
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Ritika Ritika
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Mehran Kianinia
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - John Scott
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Sejeong Kim
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Johannes E Fröch
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Camilla Gazzana
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Mika Westerhausen
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Licheng Xiao
- Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Seyed Sepehr Mohajerani
- Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Stefan Strauf
- Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Milos Toth
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Igor Aharonovich
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Zai-Quan Xu
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
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Xu J, Li J, Guo G, Zhao X, Li Z, Xu S, Li C, Man B, Yu J, Zhang C. Facilely Flexible Imprinted Hemispherical Cavity Array for Effective Plasmonic Coupling as SERS Substrate. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:3196. [PMID: 34947549 PMCID: PMC8705896 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The focusing field effect excited by the cavity mode has a positive coupling effect with the metal localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect, which can stimulate a stronger local electromagnetic field. Therefore, we combined the self-organizing process for component and array manufacturing with imprinting technology to construct a cheap and reproducible flexible polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocavity array decorating with the silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The distribution of the local electromagnetic field was simulated theoretically, and the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance of the substrate was evaluated experimentally. The substrate shows excellent mechanical stability in bending experiments. It was proved theoretically and experimentally that the substrate still provides a stable signal when the excited light is incident from different angles. This flexible substrate can achieve low-cost, highly sensitive, uniform and conducive SERS detection, especially in situ detection, which shows a promising application prospect in food safety and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China; (J.X.); (J.L.); (G.G.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (B.M.)
| | - Jinmeng Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China; (J.X.); (J.L.); (G.G.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (B.M.)
| | - Guangxu Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China; (J.X.); (J.L.); (G.G.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (B.M.)
| | - Xiaofei Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China; (J.X.); (J.L.); (G.G.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (B.M.)
| | - Zhen Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China; (J.X.); (J.L.); (G.G.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (B.M.)
| | - Shicai Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China; (S.X.); (C.L.)
| | - Chonghui Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China; (S.X.); (C.L.)
| | - Baoyuan Man
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China; (J.X.); (J.L.); (G.G.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (B.M.)
| | - Jing Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China; (J.X.); (J.L.); (G.G.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (B.M.)
| | - Chao Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China; (J.X.); (J.L.); (G.G.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (B.M.)
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Kinjo T, Hanaki Y, Nakamoto A, Fujita J. Tuberculous shadow in Klebsiella oxytoca pneumonia: An unexpected denouement. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e05053. [PMID: 34786196 PMCID: PMC8577212 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Urgent response is required in suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases for infection control, and chest image is the first step to suspect PTB. This case shows an unexpected exception and importance of molecular testing for definite diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kinjo
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory and Digestive MedicineGraduate School of MedicineUniversity of the RyukyusNishiharaJapan
| | - Yusuke Hanaki
- Department of Clinical laboratoryNational Hospital Organization Okinawa HospitalGinowanJapan
| | - Atsushi Nakamoto
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNational Hospital Organization Okinawa HospitalGinowanJapan
| | - Jiro Fujita
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory and Digestive MedicineGraduate School of MedicineUniversity of the RyukyusNishiharaJapan
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Le Verge-Serandour M, Turlier H. Blastocoel morphogenesis: A biophysics perspective. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021:S1084-9521(21)00268-8. [PMID: 34756494 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The blastocoel is a fluid-filled cavity characteristic of animal embryos at the blastula stage. Its emergence is commonly described as the result of cleavage patterning, but this historical view conceals a large diversity of mechanisms and overlooks many unsolved questions from a biophysics perspective. In this review, we describe generic mechanisms for blastocoel morphogenesis, rooted in biological literature and simple physical principles. We propose novel directions of study and emphasize the importance to study blastocoel morphogenesis as an evolutionary and physical continuum.
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Kim SH, Shin YM, Yoo JY, Cho JY, Kang H, Lee H, Choe KH, Lee KM, Yang B. Clinical Factors Associated with Cavitary Tuberculosis and Its Treatment Outcomes. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111081. [PMID: 34834433 PMCID: PMC8622689 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is associated with poor outcomes, treatment recurrence, higher transmission rates, and the development of drug resistance. However, reports on its clinical characteristics, associated factors, and treatment outcomes are lacking. Hence, this study sought to evaluate the clinical factors associated with cavitary pulmonary TB and its treatment outcomes. We retrospectively evaluated 410 patients with drug-susceptible pulmonary TB in a university hospital in Korea between 2014 and 2019. To evaluate the factors associated with cavitary TB, multivariable logistic regression was performed with adjustments for potential confounders. We also compared the treatment outcomes between patients with cavitary TB and those without cavitary TB. Of the 410 patients, 244 (59.5%) had non-cavitary TB and 166 (40.5%) had cavitary TB. Multivariable logistic analysis with forward selection method showed that body mass index (BMI) (adjusted OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.81–0.97), previous history of TB (adjusted OR = 3.45, 95% CI: 1.24–9.59), ex- or current smoker (adjusted OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.01–3.13), diabetes mellitus (adjusted OR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.36–5.44), and positive results on the initial sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear (adjusted OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.26–3.98) were significantly associated with cavitary TB. Although treatment duration was significantly longer in patients with cavitary TB than in those with non-cavitary TB (248 (102–370 days) vs. 202 (98–336 days), p < 0.001), the recurrence rate after successful treatment was significantly higher in the patients with cavitary TB than in those with non-cavitary TB (0.4% vs. 3.0% p = 0.042). In conclusion, ex- or current smoker, lower BMI, previous history of TB, diabetes mellitus, and positivity of the initial AFB smear were associated with cavitary TB. The patients with cavitary TB had more AFB culture-positive results at 2 months, longer treatment duration, and higher recurrence rates than those with non-cavitary TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hyung Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (S.-H.K.); (Y.M.S.); (J.Y.C.); (H.K.); (K.H.C.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Yoon Mi Shin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (S.-H.K.); (Y.M.S.); (J.Y.C.); (H.K.); (K.H.C.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Jin Young Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | - Jun Yeun Cho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (S.-H.K.); (Y.M.S.); (J.Y.C.); (H.K.); (K.H.C.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Hyeran Kang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (S.-H.K.); (Y.M.S.); (J.Y.C.); (H.K.); (K.H.C.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Hyun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Kang Hyeon Choe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (S.-H.K.); (Y.M.S.); (J.Y.C.); (H.K.); (K.H.C.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Ki Man Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (S.-H.K.); (Y.M.S.); (J.Y.C.); (H.K.); (K.H.C.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Bumhee Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (S.-H.K.); (Y.M.S.); (J.Y.C.); (H.K.); (K.H.C.); (K.M.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Parker JB, Tenorio CA, Blaber M. The ubiquitous buried water in the beta-trefoil architecture contributes to the folding nucleus and ~20% of the folding enthalpy. Protein Sci 2021; 30:2287-2297. [PMID: 34562298 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The beta-trefoil protein architecture is characterized by three repeating "trefoil" motifs related by rotational symmetry and postulated to have evolved via gene duplication and fusion events. Despite this apparent structural symmetry, the primary and secondary structural elements typically exhibit pronounced asymmetric features. A survey of this family of proteins has revealed that among the most conserved symmetric structural elements is a ubiquitous buried solvent which participates in a bridging H-bond with three different beta-strands in each of the trefoil motifs. A computational analysis reported that these waters are likely associated with a substantial enthalpic contribution to overall stability. In this report, a Pro mutation is used to disrupt one of the water H-bond interactions to a main chain amide, and the effects upon stability and folding kinetics are determined. Combined with Ala mutations, the separate effects upon side chain truncation and H-bond deletion are analyzed in terms of stability and folding kinetics. The results show that these buried waters act to assemble a central folding nucleus, and are responsible for ~20% of the overall favorable enthalpy of folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Parker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Connie A Tenorio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Blaber
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Yang M, Zhang Z, Li L. Evolution of Precipitated Phases during Creep of G115/Sanicro25 Dissimilar Steel Welded Joints. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:5018. [PMID: 34501106 DOI: 10.3390/ma14175018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper studies the evolution of the microstructure and microhardness in the G115 side of the G115/Sanicro25 dissimilar steel welded joint during the creep process. The joints were subjected to creep tests at 675 °C, 140 MPa, 120 MPa and 100 MPa. A scanning electron microscope equipped with an electron backscattering diffraction camera was used to observe the microstructure of the cross-section. The fracture position of the joint and the relationship between the cavity and the second phase were analyzed. The microstructure morphology of the fracture, the base metal and the thread end was compared and the composition and size of the Laves phase were statistically analyzed. The results show that the fracture locations are all located in the fine-grain heat-affected zone (FGHAZ) zone, and the microstructure near the fracture is tempered martensite. There are two kinds of cavity in the fracture section. Small cavities sprout adjacent to the Laves phase; while large cavities occupy the entire prior austenite grain, there are more precipitated phases around the cavities. The Laves phase nucleates at the boundary of the M23C6 carbide and gradually grows up by merging the M23C6 carbide. Creep accelerates the coarsening rate of the Laves phase; aging increases the content of W element in the Laves phase.
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Lu T, Zhang L, Chen M, Zheng X, Jiang K, Zheng X, Li C, Xiao W, Miao Q, Yang S, Lin G. Intrapulmonic Cavity or Necrosis on Baseline CT Scan Serves as an Efficacy Predictor of Anti-PD-(L)1 Inhibitor in Advanced Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:5931-5939. [PMID: 34354375 PMCID: PMC8331205 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s319480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Predictive markers for guidance and monitoring of immunotherapy in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) are an interesting topic but have yet to be fully explored. A primary characteristic of LSCC is tumor necrosis that results in extensive immune suppression in patients. We sought to assess whether tumor necrosis or cavity on baseline CT could effectively predict the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in advanced LSCC. Methods Advanced LSCC cases undergoing pre-treatment chest CT imaging and receiving ICIs were retrospectively collected. All CT images were reviewed by an independent chest radiologist blinded to any previous diagnosis to confirm morphological alterations in necrosis or cavity. We performed Logistic regression and developed Cox proportional hazards models to assess the predictive performance of baseline necrosis or cavity characteristics in advanced LSCC. Survival estimates were observed using Kaplan–Meier curves. Results Ninety-three patients were eligible for analysis, predominantly consisting of patients with ECOG performance status of 0 or 1 (97.8%), male patients (95.7%), and heavy smokers (92.5%). Intrapulmonic necrosis or cavity on CT scan was present in 52.7% of all patients. Generally, the objective response rate (ORR) in patients with necrosis or cavity to ICI treatment was significantly worse versus those without (30.6% vs 54.5%, p = 0.020), with the subgroup ORRs as follows: ICI monotherapy (necrosis vs non-necrosis: 10.0% vs 36.8%, p =0.047) and ICI combination therapy (44.8% vs 68.0%, p =0.088). Multivariable analysis identified intrapulmonic necrosis or cavity at baseline as a major risk factor for advanced LSCC (HR 4.042, 95% CI1.149–10.908, p = 0.006). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that baseline necrosis or cavity and ICI monotherapy were unfavorable factors for progression-free survival (HR 1.729; 95% CI1.203–2.484, p =0.003). Conclusion LSCC patients with intrapulmonic cavity or necrosis on baseline CT scan may respond poorly to anti-PD-(L)1-treatment, monotherapy and combination therapy alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Longfeng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqiu Chen
- Department of Thoracic Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobin Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlong Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijin Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Gen Lin
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
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Zhang WM, Xu L. Pulmonary parenchymal involvement caused by Tropheryma whipplei. Open Med (Wars) 2021; 16:843-846. [PMID: 34131590 PMCID: PMC8174119 DOI: 10.1515/med-2021-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a 26-year-old man with left chest pain for 4 days. His chest CT showed a cavity in the left upper lung. Tuberculosis was suspected first, but metagenomics next generation sequencing (mNGS) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid only detected Tropheryma whipplei. Tropheryma whipplei is the pathogen of Whipple’s disease. The most frequently involved organs are the eyes, heart, and central nervous system. Pulmonary parenchymal involvement is rare. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pulmonary cavity caused by Tropheryma whipplei. Nineteen cases of pulmonary parenchymal involvement were found by literature search. The most common respiratory symptom was cough, followed by dyspnea/breathlessness and chest pain. The most common finding in chest imaging was pulmonary nodules, followed by interstitial changes and patchy infiltration. Our case and literature review highlighted that Tropheryma whipplei infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary cavity, pulmonary nodules, interstitial changes, and patchy infiltration. mNGS is helpful to improve diagnosis rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Mei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, No. 600, YiShan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, No. 600, YiShan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
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Shree S, Palanisamy V, Chidambaram K, Vajjiram V, Ramkoomar P. Incidental Diagnosis of Healed Aortic Abscess Cavity. Cureus 2021; 13:e15632. [PMID: 34306844 PMCID: PMC8278257 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In infective endocarditis, the perivalvular abscess is a known complication with an incidence of more than 22%-29%, but the primary presentation of a healed aortic abscess without any clinical features of infective endocarditis is very rare. These sorts of cases are scarcely documented throughout literature. We present a successful surgical closure of healed perivalvular abscess cavity with aortic valve replacement and mitral valve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Shree
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Madras Medical Mission Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Vijayanand Palanisamy
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Madras Medical Mission Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Kumar Chidambaram
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, The Madras Medical Mission Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Vasanthi Vajjiram
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Madras Medical Mission Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Pradeep Ramkoomar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Madras Medical Mission Hospital, Chennai, IND
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García de los Ríos y Loshuertos Á, Soler Laguía M, Arencibia Espinosa A, Martínez Gomariz F, Sánchez Collado C, López Fernández A, Gil Cano F, Seva Alcaraz J, Ramírez Zarzosa G. Endoscopic Study of the Oral and Pharyngeal Cavities in the Common Dolphin, Striped Dolphin, Risso's Dolphin, Harbour Porpoise and Pilot Whale: Reinforced with Other Diagnostic and Anatomic Techniques. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061507. [PMID: 34067447 PMCID: PMC8224762 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the fetal and newborn anatomical structures of the dolphin oropharyngeal cavities were studied. The main technique used was endoscopy, as these cavities are narrow tubular spaces and the oral cavity is difficult to photograph without moving the specimen. The endoscope was used to study the mucosal features of the oral and pharyngeal cavities. Two pharyngeal diverticula of the auditory tubes were discovered on either side of the choanae and larynx. These spaces begin close to the musculotubaric channel of the middle ear, are linked to the pterygopalatine recesses (pterygoid sinus) and they extend to the maxillopalatine fossa. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), osteological analysis, sectional anatomy, dissections, and histology were also used to better understand the function of the pharyngeal diverticula of the auditory tubes. These data were then compared with the horse's pharyngeal diverticula of the auditory tubes. The histology revealed that a vascular plexus inside these diverticula could help to expel the air from this space to the nasopharynx. In the oral cavity, teeth remain inside the alveolus and covered by gums. The marginal papillae of the tongue differ in extension depending on the fetal specimen studied. The histology reveals that the incisive papilla is vestigial and contain abundant innervation. No ducts were observed inside lateral sublingual folds in the oral cavity proper and caruncles were not seen in the prefrenular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro García de los Ríos y Loshuertos
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (Á.G.d.l.R.y.L.); (F.M.G.); (C.S.C.); (F.G.C.); (J.S.A.)
- Centro de Estudio y Conservación de Animales Marinos (CECAM), 51001 Ceuta, Spain
| | - Marta Soler Laguía
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Alberto Arencibia Espinosa
- Departamento de Morfología, Anatomía y Embriología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña, Arucas, 35416 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | - Francisco Martínez Gomariz
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (Á.G.d.l.R.y.L.); (F.M.G.); (C.S.C.); (F.G.C.); (J.S.A.)
| | - Cayetano Sánchez Collado
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (Á.G.d.l.R.y.L.); (F.M.G.); (C.S.C.); (F.G.C.); (J.S.A.)
| | - Alfredo López Fernández
- Departamento de Biología—CESAM, Campus Universitario de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Coordinadora para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Marinos–CEMMA, Ap. 15, Gondomar, 36380 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Francisco Gil Cano
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (Á.G.d.l.R.y.L.); (F.M.G.); (C.S.C.); (F.G.C.); (J.S.A.)
| | - Juan Seva Alcaraz
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (Á.G.d.l.R.y.L.); (F.M.G.); (C.S.C.); (F.G.C.); (J.S.A.)
| | - Gregorio Ramírez Zarzosa
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (Á.G.d.l.R.y.L.); (F.M.G.); (C.S.C.); (F.G.C.); (J.S.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-868-887-546; Fax: +34-868-884-147
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Hong KS, Jang JG, Ahn JH. Radial probe endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial lung biopsy for the diagnosis of cavitary peripheral pulmonary lesions. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:1735-1742. [PMID: 33949136 PMCID: PMC8169283 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cavitary peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) are often diagnosed via transthoracic needle biopsy. However, today, radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (RP‐EBUS) is widely used to diagnose PPLs. The efficacy and safety of RP‐EBUS‐guided transbronchial lung biopsy (RP‐EBUS‐TBLB) used to diagnose cavitary PPLs remain poorly known. We investigated the utility of RP‐EBUS‐TBLB using a guide sheath (GS) without fluoroscopy to diagnose PPLs. Methods Of 743 RP‐EBUS procedures conducted to diagnose PPLs performed at our institution from January 2019 to October 2020, we analyzed 77 cavitary PPLs. TBLB was performed using RP‐EBUS with a GS without fluoroscopy. The diagnostic accuracy and complications were assessed. All lung lesions with a definitive diagnosis were included in analyses. Results The overall diagnostic accuracy was 85.7% (66/77). Of malignant lesions (n = 34), 29 (85.3%) were diagnosed successfully. Of benign lesions (n = 43), 37 (86.0%) were diagnosed successfully. In multivariate analyses, a thicker cavity wall (≥10 mm, odds ratio [OR] 14.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.58–78.35, p = 0.002) and EBUS imaging with the probe within the lesion (OR 12.02, 95% CI 1.91–75.53, p = 0.008) independently affected diagnostic success. The likelihood of success increased with increasing thickness of the cavity wall (p < 0.001, test for trend). The specimens obtained for molecular confirmation of malignancy were satisfactory. There were four cases of infection (5.2%) and three cases of pneumothorax (3.9%). Conclusions RP‐EBUS‐TBLB of cavitary PPLs affords high diagnostic accuracy with acceptable complication rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Soo Hong
- Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University and Respiratory Center, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jong Geol Jang
- Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University and Respiratory Center, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - June Hong Ahn
- Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University and Respiratory Center, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
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Kang S, Yu JD, Hong WT, Lee JS. Estimation of Cavities beneath Plate Structures Using a Microphone: Laboratory Model Tests. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21092941. [PMID: 33922178 PMCID: PMC8122737 DOI: 10.3390/s21092941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to detect a cavity and estimate its size using sound waves in a laboratory model chamber filled with dry sand. One side of the chamber is covered with an acrylic plate, and a cavity is placed between the plate and sand. Sound waves are generated by impacting the plate with an instrumented hammer, and are measured using a microphone. The measured sound waves are analyzed with four comprehensive analyses including the measured area under the rectified signal envelope (MARSE) energy, flexibility, peak magnitude of wavelet transform, and frequency corresponding to the peak magnitude. The test results show that the accuracy of cavity detection using the MARSE energy is higher for thicker plates, whereas that using flexibility is higher for thinner plates. The accuracies of cavity detection using the peak magnitude of wavelet transform, and frequency corresponding to the peak magnitude are consistently high regardless of the plate thickness. Moreover, the cavity size may be under- or overestimated depending on the plate thickness and the selected analysis method. The average of the cavity sizes estimated by these methods, however, is slightly larger than the actual cavity size regardless of the plate thickness. This study demonstrates that microphones may be effectively used for the identification of a cavity and the estimation of its size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghun Kang
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.K.); (J.-D.Y.)
| | - Jung-Doung Yu
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.K.); (J.-D.Y.)
| | - Won-Taek Hong
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Jong-Sub Lee
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.K.); (J.-D.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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Panicker RR, Bartels HC, Gotway MB, Ampel NM, Buras MR, Lim ES, Blair JE. Cavitary Coccidioidomycosis: Impact of azole antifungal therapy. Med Mycol 2021; 59:834-841. [PMID: 33724424 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 5 to 15% of patients with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis subsequently develop pulmonary cavities. These cavities may resolve spontaneously over a number of years; however, some cavities never close, and a small proportion causes complications such as hemorrhage, pneumothorax or empyema. The impact of azole antifungal treatment on coccidioidal cavities has not been studied. Because azoles are a common treatment for symptomatic pulmonary coccidioidomycosis, we aimed to assess the impact of azole therapy on cavity closure. From January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2014, we retrospectively identified 313 patients with cavitary coccidioidomycosis and excluded 42 who had the cavity removed surgically, leaving 271 data sets available for study. Of the 271 patients, 221 (81.5%) received azole therapy during 5-year follow-up; 50 patients did not receive antifungal treatment. Among the 271 patients, cavities closed in 38 (14.0%). Statistical modeling showed that cavities were more likely to close in patients in the treated group than in the nontreated group (hazard ratio, 2.14 [95% CI: 1.45-5.66]). Cavities were less likely to close in active smokers than nonsmokers (11/41 [26.8%] vs 97/182 [53.3%]; P = 0.002) or in persons with than without diabetes (27/74 [36.5%] vs 81/149 [54.4%]; P = 0.01).We did not find an association between cavity size and closure. Our findings provide rationale for further study of treatment protocols in this subset of patients with coccidioidomycosis. LAY SUMMARY Coccidioidomycosis, known as valley fever, is a fungal infection that infrequently causes cavities to form in the lungs, which potentially results in long-term lung symptoms. We learned that cavities closed more often in persons who received antifungal drugs, but most cavities never closed completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renni R Panicker
- Research Trainee (limited tenure), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA, now with the Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Lafayette, Louisiana, 70504, USA
| | - Helen C Bartels
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, 85259, USA
| | - Michael B Gotway
- Division of Cardiothoracic Radiology, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, 85054, USA
| | - Neil M Ampel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, 85054, USA
| | | | | | - Janis E Blair
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, 85054, USA
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Teyateeti A, Brown PD, Mahajan A, Laack NN, Pollock BE. Outcome comparison of patients who develop leptomeningeal disease or distant brain recurrence after brain metastases resection cavity radiosurgery. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab036. [PMID: 33860228 PMCID: PMC8034660 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To compare the outcomes between patients with leptomeningeal disease (LMD) and distant brain recurrence (DBR) after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) brain metastases (BM) resection cavity. Methods Twenty-nine patients having single-fraction SRS after BM resection who developed either LMD (n = 11) or DBR (n = 18) as their initial and only site of intracranial progression were retrospectively reviewed. Results Patients developing LMD more commonly had a metachronous presentation (91% vs 50%, P = .04) and recursive partitioning class 1 status (45% vs 6%, P = .02). There was no difference in the median time from SRS to the development of LMD or DBR (5.0 vs 3.8 months, P = .68). The majority of patients with LMD (10/11, 91%) developed the nodular variant (nLMD). Treatment for LMD was repeat SRS (n = 4), whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT; n = 5), resection + WBRT (n = 1), and no treatment (n = 1). Treatment for DBR was repeat SRS (n = 9), WBRT (n = 3), resection + resection cavity SRS (n = 1), and no treatment (n = 5). Median overall survival (OS) from time of resection cavity SRS was 15.7 months in the LMD group and 12.7 months in the DBR group (P = .60), respectively. Median OS in salvage SRS and salvage WBRT were 25.4 and 5.0 months in the nLMD group (P = .004) while 18.7 and 16.2 months in the DBR group (P = .30), respectively. Conclusions Following BM resection cavity SRS, nLMD recurrence is much more frequent than classical LMD. Salvage SRS may be considered for selected patients with nLMD, reserving salvage WBRT for patients with extensive intracranial disease without compromising survival. Further study with larger numbers of patients is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achiraya Teyateeti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paul D Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anita Mahajan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nadia N Laack
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bruce E Pollock
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Kang HR, Hwang EJ, Kim SA, Choi SM, Lee J, Lee CH, Yim JJ, Kwak N. Clinical Implications of Size of Cavities in Patients With Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease: A Single-Center Cohort Study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab087. [PMID: 33796599 PMCID: PMC7990513 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The presence of cavities is associated with unfavorable prognosis in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). However, little is known about the characteristics of such cavities and their impact on clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the size of cavities and their implications on treatment outcomes and mortality in patients with NTM-PD. Methods We included patients diagnosed with NTM-PD at Seoul National University Hospital between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2018. We measured the size of cavities on chest computed tomography scans performed at the time of diagnosis and used multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to investigate the impact of these measurements on treatment outcomes and mortality. Results The study cohort comprised 421 patients (noncavitary, n = 329; cavitary, n = 92) with NTM-PD. During a median follow-up period of 49 months, 118 (35.9%) of the 329 patients with noncavitary and 64 (69.6%) of the 92 patients with cavitary NTM-PD received antibiotic treatment. Cavities >2 cm were associated with worse treatment outcomes (adjusted odds ratio, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.17–0.96) and higher mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.09–5.84), while there was no difference in treatment outcomes or mortality between patients with cavities ≤2 cm and patients with noncavitary NTM-PD. Conclusions Clinical outcomes are different according to the size of cavities in patients with cavitary NTM-PD; thus, the measurement of the size of cavities could help in making clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Rin Kang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eui Jin Hwang
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung A Kim
- Clinical Trials Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Mi Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Yim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nakwon Kwak
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Jones N, Peck G, McKenna ST, Glockling JLD, Harbottle J, Stec AA, Hull TR. Burning behaviour of rainscreen façades. J Hazard Mater 2021; 403:123894. [PMID: 33264958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Four reduced-height (5 m) BS 8414-1 façade flammability tests were conducted, three having mineral-filled aluminium composite material (ACM-A2) with polyisocyanurate (PIR) and phenolic (PF) foam and stone wool (SW) insulation, the fourth having polyethylene-filled ACM (ACM-PE) with PIR insulation. Each façade was constructed from a commercial façade engineer's design, and built by practising façade installers. The ACM-PE/PIR façade burnt so ferociously it was extinguished after 13.5 min, for safety. The three ACM-A2 cladding panels lost their structural integrity, and melted away from the test wall, whereupon around 40% of both the combustible PIR and PF insulation burnt and contributed to the fire spread. This demonstrates why all façade products must be non-combustible, not just the outer panels. For the three ACM-A2 tests, while the temperature in front of the cavity was independent of the insulation, the temperatures within it varied greatly, depending on the insulation. The system using PF/A2 allowed fire to break through to the cavity first, as seen by a sharp increase in temperature after 17 min. For PIR/A2, the temperature increased sharply at 22 minutes, as the panel started to fall away from the wall. For SW/A2, no rapid temperature rise was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Jones
- Centre for Fire and Hazard Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Gabrielle Peck
- Centre for Fire and Hazard Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Sean T McKenna
- Centre for Fire and Hazard Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Jim L D Glockling
- Fire Protection Association, London Road, Moreton in Marsh, Gloucestershire, GL56 0RH, UK
| | - John Harbottle
- Fire Protection Association, London Road, Moreton in Marsh, Gloucestershire, GL56 0RH, UK
| | - Anna A Stec
- Centre for Fire and Hazard Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - T Richard Hull
- Centre for Fire and Hazard Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
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Pan P, Yue Q, Yang X, Ren Y, Alharthi FA, Alghamdi A, Su J, Deng Y. Structure Engineering of Yolk-Shell Magnetic Mesoporous Silica Microspheres with Broccoli-Like Morphology for Efficient Catalysis and Enhanced Cellular Uptake. Small 2021; 17:e2006925. [PMID: 33522119 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Yolk-shell magnetic mesoporous microspheres exhibit potential applications in biomedicine, bioseparation, and catalysis. Most previous reports focus on establishing various interface assembly strategies to construct yolk-shell mesoporous structures, while little work has been done to control their surface topology and study their relevant applications. Herein, a unique kind of broccoli-like yolk-shell magnetic mesoporous silica (YS-BMM) microsphere is fabricated through a surfactant-free kinetic controlled interface assembly strategy. The obtained YS-BMM microspheres possess a well-defined structure consisting of a magnetic core, middle void, mesoporous silica shell with tunable surface roughness, large superparamagnetism (36.4 emu g-1 ), high specific surface area (174 m2 g-1 ), and large mesopores of 10.9 nm. Thanks to these merits and properties, the YS-BMM microspheres are demonstrated to be an ideal support for immobilization of ultrafine Pt nanoparticles (≈3.7 nm) and serve as superior nanocatalysts for hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol with yield of over 90% and good magnetic recyclability. Furthermore, YS-BMM microspheres show excellent biocompatibility and can be easily phagocytosed by osteoclasts, revealing a potential candidate in sustained drug release in orthopedic disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qin Yue
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610051, China
| | - Xuanyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fahad A Alharthi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alghamdi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiacan Su
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yonghui Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
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Ortega-Mendoza JG, Zaca-Morán P, Padilla-Martínez JP, Muñoz-Pérez JE, Cruz JL, Andrés MV. Monitoring the Growth of a Microbubble Generated Photothermally onto an Optical Fiber by Means Fabry-Perot Interferometry. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:628. [PMID: 33477479 DOI: 10.3390/s21020628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present paper, we show the experimental measurement of the growth of a microbubble created on the tip of a single mode optical fiber, in which zinc nanoparticles were photodeposited on its core by using a single laser source to carry out both the generation of the microbubble by photothermal effect and the monitoring of the microbubble diameter. The photodeposition technique, as well as the formation of the microbubble, was carried out by using a single-mode pigtailed laser diode with emission at a wavelength of 658 nm. The microbubble's growth was analyzed in the time domain by the analysis of the Fabry-Perot cavity, whose diameter was calculated with the number of interference fringes visualized in an oscilloscope. The results obtained with this technique were compared with images obtained from a CCD camera, in order to verify the diameter of the microbubble. Therefore, by counting the interference fringes, it was possible to quantify the temporal evolution of the microbubble. As a practical demonstration, we proposed a vibrometer sensor using microbubbles with sizes of 83 and 175 µm as a Fabry-Perot cavity; through the time period of a full oscillation cycle of an interferogram observed in the oscilloscope, it was possible to know the frequency vibration (500 and 1500 Hz) for a cuvette where the microbubble was created.
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