1
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Donati I, Christensen BE. Alginate-metal cation interactions: Macromolecular approach. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 321:121280. [PMID: 37739522 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Alginates are a broad family of linear (unbranched) polysaccharides derived from brown seaweeds and some bacteria. Despite having only two monomers, i.e. β-d-mannuronate (M) and its C5 epimer α-l-guluronate (G), their blockwise arrangement in oligomannuronate (..MMM..), oligoguluronate (..GGG..), and polyalternating (..MGMG..) blocks endows it with a rather complex interaction pattern with specific counterions and salts. Classic polyelectrolyte theories well apply to alginate as polyanion in the interaction with monovalent and non-gelling divalent cations. The use of divalent gelling ions, such as Ca2+, Ba2+ or Sr2+, provides thermostable homogeneous or heterogeneous hydrogels where the block composition affects both macroscopic and microscopic properties. The mechanism of alginate gelation is still explained in terms of the original egg-box model, although over the years some novel insights have been proposed. In this review we summarize several decades of research related to structure-functionships in alginates in the presence of non-gelling and gelling cations and present some novel applications in the field of self-assembling nanoparticles and use of radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Donati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Bjørn E Christensen
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 6/8, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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2
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Das R, Karthika S, Bhasarkar J, Bal DK. GA-coupled ANN model for predicting porosity in alginate gel scaffolds. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 148:106204. [PMID: 37883894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Alginate gel scaffolds are biocompatible and biodegradable materials that have been used in a variety of tissue engineering applications. The porosity of alginate gel scaffolds is an important property that affects their performance. However, it is difficult to predict the porosity of alginate gel scaffolds accurately. In this study, a GA-coupled ANN model was developed to predict the porosity of alginate gel scaffolds. The model was trained on a dataset of 107 scaffolds with known porosities. The model was able to achieve a mean absolute error of 0.13, which suggests that it is able to accurately predict the porosity of alginate gel scaffolds. The alginate scaffold was fabricated by a microfluidic technique using a syringe pump and a flow device. The crosslinker solution was poured into the Petri dish to crosslink the polymer to the gel structure. The Archimedes method was used to determine the scaffold's apparent porosity. The artificial neural network has been used to model the porosity of the gel scaffold using the input parameters such as alginate-pluronic viscosity, surface tension, and contact angle etc. The maximum porosity was modelled to be 96.4 % using GA whereas the experimental value for the same was measured to be 92.8 ± 2 %. A 3.7% variation in the porosity was found from modelled value. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to develop an integrated ANN-coupled GA model to predict the maximum porosity of the gel scaffold. The result indicates that artificial intelligence has great potential for optimizing the parameters to fabricate the gel scaffold that can be used for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Das
- School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Karthika
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jaykumar Bhasarkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laxminarayan Innovation Technological University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Bal
- Colloids and Polymer Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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3
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Prakash R, Yamamoto KK, Oca SR, Ross W, Codd PJ. Brain-Mimicking Phantom for Photoablation and Visualization. ... INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MEDICAL ROBOTICS. INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MEDICAL ROBOTICS 2023; 2023:10.1109/ismr57123.2023.10130243. [PMID: 37274088 PMCID: PMC10237535 DOI: 10.1109/ismr57123.2023.10130243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
While the use of tissue-mimicking (TM) phantoms has been ubiquitous in surgical robotics, the translation of technology from laboratory experiments to equivalent intraoperative tissue conditions has been a challenge. The increasing use of lasers for surgical tumor resection has introduced the need to develop a modular, low-cost, functionally relevant TM phantom to model the complex laser-tissue interaction. In this paper, a TM phantom with mechanically and thermally similar properties as human brain tissue suited for photoablation studies and subsequent visualization is developed. The proposed study demonstrates the tuned phantom response to laser ablation for fixed laser power, time, and angle. Additionally, the ablated crater profile is visualized using optical coherence tomography (OCT), enabling high-resolution surface profile generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Prakash
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University
| | - Kent K. Yamamoto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University
| | - Siobhan R. Oca
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University
| | - Weston Ross
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine
| | - Patrick J. Codd
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine
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4
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Akbarzadeh Solbu A, Koernig A, Kjesbu JS, Zaytseva-Zotova D, Sletmoen M, Strand BL. High resolution imaging of soft alginate hydrogels by atomic force microscopy. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 276:118804. [PMID: 34823810 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This work explores the largely unknown surface microstructure and elastic modulus of soft calcium-alginate hydrogels (E = 100-4500 Pa) in their hydrated state by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in quantitative imaging mode. Alginate concentration influenced the surface topography with surface roughness measured to be 101 ± 6 nm and 57 ± 1 nm for 0.5 and 2.0% (w/v) alginate, respectively. The calculated range of pore sizes increased with decreasing alginate concentration, with radii smaller than 360 nm, 570 nm and 1230 nm for 2.0%, 1.0% and 0.5% alginate, respectively. Small changes in calcium concentration (from 20 to 25 mM, 1.5% alginate) did not induce changes in surface microstructure, although it increased the elastic modulus mean values and distribution. Introducing oxidized or peptide-grafted alginate in the gels resulted in rougher surfaces, larger pore sizes and lower elasticity than the respective hydrogels with no modified alginate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Akbarzadeh Solbu
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Andre Koernig
- JPKBioAFM Business, Bruker Nano GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Joachim S Kjesbu
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Daria Zaytseva-Zotova
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Marit Sletmoen
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Berit L Strand
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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5
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Volić MM, Obradović NS, Djordjević VB, Luković ND, Knežević-Jugović ZD, Bugarski BM. Design of biopolymer carriers enriched with natural emulsifiers for improved controlled release of thyme essential oil. J Food Sci 2020; 85:3833-3842. [PMID: 33084058 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This work aims to characterize a novel system for thyme essential oil delivery based on the combination of natural emulsifiers (soy protein and soy lecithin) and alginate, produced using the extrusion technique. The formulations are optimized concerning alginate and soy protein concentrations (both 1 to 1.5 wt.%), and consequently lecithin amount, in order to achieve spherical beads in the range 2.0 to 2.3 mm and 1.2 to 1.4 mm, wet and dry, respectively. Fourier-transform infrared analysis was performed, proving that there are interactions between all components. Lecithin-soy protein synergistic combination improved entrapment efficiency of total polyphenols (for nearly 12%) and decreased thymol release in a simulated gastric solution for nearly 35%, in comparison with beads without lecithin. The addition of lecithin enhances the thermal properties of the polysaccharide-protein systems at 50 °C after 3 hr of heating. The mechanical stability of the biopolymer carriers is improved with lecithin addition and the elastic modulus varied from 80.06 to 123.7 kPa, depending on the formulation. Alginate/soy protein/lecithin are effective carriers for the encapsulation, protection, and controlled release of thyme essential oil. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: There is unfortunately growing human resistance to antibiotics. This work offers a novel system for effective protection and controlled release of thyme essential oil in the small intestine. The mechanical and thermal properties of the carrier were estimated as they indicate how the beads will be able to resist stress during their incorporation into food (i.e. cookies-mixing, baking). The proposed approach offers ''green advantage'' as arises from all-natural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina M Volić
- University of Belgrade, Innovation Center of Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Nataša S Obradović
- University of Belgrade, Innovation Center of Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Verica B Djordjević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Nevena D Luković
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Zorica D Knežević-Jugović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Branko M Bugarski
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
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6
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Banerjee A, Ganguly S. Behavior of alginate–gelatin blended gel with embedded macrovoids: Stress‐induced changes and the solute release characteristics. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Banerjee
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India
| | - Somenath Ganguly
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India
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7
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Ochbaum G, Chetrit E, Berkovich R, Bitton R. Effect of the C-terminal amino acid of the peptide on the structure and mechanical properties of alginate-peptide hydrogels across length-scales. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:6155-6162. [PMID: 32555880 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00329h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alginate is a natural anionic polysaccharide that exhibits excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. Alginate hydrogels have many different applications in the field of regenerative medicine especially when peptides are conjugated to the alginate backbone. Here, we systematically investigate the effect of six arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-containing peptides, G6KRGDY/S, A6KRGDY/S and V6KRGDY/S, on the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties and spatial organization of alginate-peptides hydrogels. Using rheology, small angle X-ray scattering and nanoindentation measurements we show a strong correlation between the macroscopic-bulk properties and the microscopic-local properties of the alginate-peptide hydrogels. Furthermore, our results indicate that the identity of the amino acid at the C-terminal of the peptide plays a major role in determining the structure and mechanical properties of the hydrogel across length-scales, where the presence of tyrosine (Y) terminated peptides introduce more junction-zones and consequently larger stiffness than those terminated with serine (S).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Ochbaum
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel.
| | - Einat Chetrit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel.
| | - Ronen Berkovich
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel. and Ilze Kats Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Ronit Bitton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel. and Ilze Kats Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
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8
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Bonfanti A, Kaplan JL, Charras G, Kabla A. Fractional viscoelastic models for power-law materials. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:6002-6020. [PMID: 32638812 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00354a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soft materials often exhibit a distinctive power-law viscoelastic response arising from broad distribution of time-scales present in their complex internal structure. A promising tool to accurately describe the rheological behaviour of soft materials is fractional calculus. However, its use in the scientific community remains limited due to the unusual notation and non-trivial properties of fractional operators. This review aims to provide a clear and accessible description of fractional viscoelastic models for a broad audience and to demonstrate the ability of these models to deliver a unified approach for the characterisation of power-law materials. The use of a consistent framework for the analysis of rheological data would help classify the empirical behaviours of soft and biological materials, and better understand their response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bonfanti
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK.
| | - J L Kaplan
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK.
| | - G Charras
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, UK and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, UK
| | - A Kabla
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK.
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9
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Giz AS, Aydelik-Ayazoglu S, Catalgil-Giz H, Bayraktar H, Alaca BE. Stress relaxation and humidity dependence in sodium alginate-glycerol films. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 100:103374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Banerjee A, Ganguly S. Mechanical behaviour of alginate film with embedded voids under compression-decompression cycles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13193. [PMID: 31519951 PMCID: PMC6744475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49589-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Voids of 300 µm diameter were embedded uniformly as monolayer in alginate gel film using a fluidic device. Voids of these dimensions in biopolymer gel film are desired for better transport of bioactive species and cell colonization in engineered tissues. In this article, the role of embedded voids in reducing compressive stress, hysteresis, and time scale of reheal vis-a-vis expulsion of pore fluid and its reabsorption upon reversal of load are reviewed. The cyclic loading was conducted with varying amplitude and frequency. The irreversible changes, if any in the gel structure under extreme compression were analyzed. The rate of expulsion of aqueous phase directly relates to the permeability of the gel film that is estimated here using simplified momentum and volumetric balance equations. The decrease in permeability with deformation is analyzed further, and the contribution of voids in this regard is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Somenath Ganguly
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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11
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Lopez-Sanchez P, Fredriksson N, Larsson A, Altskär A, Ström A. High sugar content impacts microstructure, mechanics and release of calcium-alginate gels. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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12
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Höft S, Waluga T, Scholl S. Der Einfluss von Beanspruchungsgeschwindigkeit und Partikelgröße auf das Bruchverhalten von Agarperlen. CHEM-ING-TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201800004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Höft
- Technische Universität Braunschweig; Institut für Chemische und Thermische Verfahrenstechnik; Langer Kamp 7 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
| | - Thomas Waluga
- Technische Universität Braunschweig; Institut für Chemische und Thermische Verfahrenstechnik; Langer Kamp 7 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
- Technische Universität Hamburg Harburg; Institut für Prozess- und Anlagentechnik; Am Schwarzenberg-Campus 4 21073 Hamburg Deutschland
| | - Stephan Scholl
- Technische Universität Braunschweig; Institut für Chemische und Thermische Verfahrenstechnik; Langer Kamp 7 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
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13
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Christensen K, Davis B, Jin Y, Huang Y. Effects of printing-induced interfaces on localized strain within 3D printed hydrogel structures. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 89:65-74. [PMID: 29752120 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, is a promising approach for the fabrication of biological structures for regenerative medicine applications using tissue-like materials such as hydrogels. Herein, inkjet printing is implemented as a model droplet-based 3D printing technology for which interfaces have been shown to form between printed lines within printed layers of hydrogel structures. Experimental samples with interfaces in two orientations are fabricated by inkjet printing and control samples with and without interfaces are fabricated by extrusion printing and casting, respectively. The formation of partial and full interfaces is modeled in terms of printing conditions and gelation parameters, and an approach to predicting the ratio of interfacial area to the total contact area between two adjacent lines is presented. Digital image correlation is used to determine strain distributions and identify regions of increased localized deformation for samples under uniaxial tension. Despite the presence of interfaces in inkjet-printed samples, strain distributions are found to be homogeneous regardless of interface orientation, which may be attributed to the multi-layer nature of samples. Conversely, single-layer extrusion-printed samples exhibit localized regions of increased deformation between printed lines, indicating delamination along interfaces. The effective stiffness, failure strength, and failure strain of inkjet-printed samples are found to be dependent on the orientation of interfaces within layers. Specifically, inkjet-printed samples in which tensile forces pull apart interfaces exhibit significantly decreased mechanical properties compared to cast samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Christensen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Brian Davis
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Yifei Jin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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14
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Padoł AM, Draget KI, Stokke BT. Effects of added oligoguluronate on mechanical properties of Ca – alginate – oligoguluronate hydrogels depend on chain length of the alginate. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 147:234-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Hashemnejad SM, Kundu S. Strain stiffening and negative normal stress in alginate hydrogels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Meysam Hashemnejad
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University; MS State Mississippi 39762
| | - Santanu Kundu
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University; MS State Mississippi 39762
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16
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Verruck S, Prudêncio ES, Müller CMO, Fritzen-Freire CB, Amboni RDDMC. Influence of Bifidobacterium Bb-12 on the physicochemical and rheological properties of buffalo Minas Frescal cheese during cold storage. J FOOD ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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18
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Influence of Chitosan Coating on Mechanical Stability of Biopolymer Carriers with Probiotic Starter Culture in Fermented Whey Beverages. INT J POLYM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/732858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to improve the mechanical stability of biopolymer carriers and cell viability with addition of chitosan coating during fermentation process and product storage. Dairy starter culture (1% (w/v)) was diluted in whey and mixed with sodium alginate solution and the beads were made using extrusion technique. The mechanical stability of coated and uncoated beads, the release behavior, and the viability of encapsulated probiotic dairy starter culture in fermented whey beverages were analyzed. The mechanical properties of the beads were determined according to force-displacement and engineering stress-strain curves obtained after compression testing. It was observed that addition of chitosan as a coating on the beads as well as the fermentation process increased the elastic modulus of the calcium alginate-whey beads and cell survival. The current study revealed that the coating did not significantly improve the viability of probiotics during the fermentation but had an important influence on preservation of the strength of the carrier during storage. Our results indicate that whey-based substrate has positive effect on the mechanical stability of biopolymer beads with encapsulated probiotics.
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19
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20
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Maity S, Sa B. Development and evaluation of Ca(+ 2) ion cross-linked carboxymethyl xanthan gum tablet prepared by wet granulation technique. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:920-7. [PMID: 24760471 PMCID: PMC4113612 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to study the release behavior of prednisolone from calcium-cross-linked carboxymethyl xanthan gum (CMXG) tablets in dissolution medium having different pH values prevailing in the gastrointestinal lumen. Xanthan gum (XG) was derivatized to CMXG which was then cross-linked in situ with Ca(+2) ion during wet massing step of tablet preparation. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry studies did not show any drug-polymer interaction although the drug underwent solid-state transformation during compression as evident from X-ray diffraction analysis. In vitro release study demonstrated that increase in the amount of Ca(+2) ion decreased the drug release, and beyond a certain amount, the drug release increased. While increase in both drug load and tablet crushing strength decreased the drug release, increase in exposure time in acid solution of pH 1.2 increased the overall release of the drug. The mechanism of drug release was non-Fickian/anomalous. The results indicated that variation in the amount of Ca(+2) ion can modulate the drug release from CMXG matrix tablets as needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Maity
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032 India
| | - Biswanath Sa
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032 India
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21
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Bradbeer JF, Hancocks R, Spyropoulos F, Norton IT. Self-structuring foods based on acid-sensitive low and high acyl mixed gellan systems to impact on satiety. Food Hydrocoll 2014; 35:522-530. [PMID: 24882914 PMCID: PMC4025606 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the in vitro acid-induced gelation of mixed systems of two biopolymers; low acyl and high acyl gellan gum. Rheological and texture analysis showed that these mixed gels displayed textures that lay between the material properties exhibited for the low and high acyl variants. DSC analysis showed that mixtures of the low acyl and high acyl forms exhibit two separate conformational transitions at temperatures coincident with each of the individual biopolymers. Various metabolically relevant pH environments and hydrocolloid concentrations were investigated. These resulted in very different acid gelled structures, which were characterised by texture analysis. The structures of the acid gels were shown to depend upon the pH, hydrocolloid concentration and proportion of each biopolymer used during their production. A selection of these mixed gellan structures were assessed post-production in terms of their response to prolonged exposure to an acidic (pH 1), stomach-like, environment. This resulted in a significant increase in the gel strength, regardless of the biopolymer proportions. The high acyl gellan was less acid-sensitive, and subsequently no evidence of acid gelation was observed with high acyl gellan at a proportion greater than 60% of the total biopolymer. The findings presented here demonstrate that structuring as well as de-structuring of mixed gellan acid gels can be controlled in acidic environments similar to those that are present in the stomach after food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F. Bradbeer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Beri A, Pichot R, Norton IT. Physical and material properties of an emulsion-based lipstick producedviaa continuous process. Int J Cosmet Sci 2013; 36:148-58. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Beri
- Centre for Formulation Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - R. Pichot
- Centre for Formulation Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - I. T. Norton
- Centre for Formulation Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Birmingham B15 2TT UK
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Gentile G, Greco F, Larobina D. Stress-relaxation behavior of a physical gel: Evidence of co-occurrence of structural relaxation and water diffusion in ionic alginate gels. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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24
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Beri A, Norton JE, Norton IT. Effect of emulsifier type and concentration, aqueous phase volume and wax ratio on physical, material and mechanical properties of water in oil lipsticks. Int J Cosmet Sci 2013; 35:613-21. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Beri
- Centre for Formulation Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - J. E. Norton
- Centre for Formulation Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - I. T. Norton
- Centre for Formulation Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Birmingham B15 2TT UK
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25
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Böl M, Kruse R, Ehret AE. On a staggered iFEM approach to account for friction in compression testing of soft materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 27:204-13. [PMID: 23689028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An inverse finite element method (iFEM) to estimate material parameters from compression tests of soft materials is presented, where alginate hydrogel was used as a phantom material. The method applies if the boundary conditions at the loaded surfaces are not ideal, i.e. neither free of friction nor fully constrained, as it may be the case in most realistic testing set-ups. Assuming a linear friction law, the friction coefficient μ was considered unknown and estimated in a first step by minimising the difference between the contours of the sample, obtained by optical measurements, and the simulated shape. Force-displacement data were used in a second step to determine the parameters of the constitutive law. Staggering these two steps, both friction and material parameters were identified by optimisation. Skipping the first step and predefining μ instead, a unique parameter set could only be clearly identified if the deviations of the contours were considered in addition to the deviations in the force-displacement data. Finally, forward FEM calculations with differently shaped specimens were used to verify the goodness of the obtained parameter sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Böl
- Institute of Solid Mechanics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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26
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Magnenet V, Schiavi-Tritz J, Huselstein C, Rahouadj R. Constitutive equations for Ca2+ -alginate gels. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2012; 5:90-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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27
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Ghahramanpoor MK, Hassani Najafabadi SA, Abdouss M, Bagheri F, Baghaban Eslaminejad M. A hydrophobically-modified alginate gel system: utility in the repair of articular cartilage defects. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:2365-2375. [PMID: 21833609 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Alginate is a family of natural polysaccharides, widely used in industry and medicine for many applications, with its non toxic nature, gentle sol/gel transition procedure and low cost, alginate inferior biomechanical properties have limited its utility especially in tissue engineering. Additionally, ionically cross-linked alginate hydrogels generally lose most of their initial mechanical and swelling properties within a few hours in physiological solution. In order to overcome these limitations, the referenced alginate was treated by covalent fixation of octadecyl chains onto the polysaccharide backbone by esterification. In semi dilute solution, intermolecular hydrophobic interactions of long alkyl chains result in the formation of physical hydrogels, which can then be reinforced by the addition of calcium chloride. FTIR studies clearly showed the presence of ester bonds at 1612 and 1730 cm(-1) indicating that the alkyl groups are incorporated in the backbone of resulting polymer. The endothermic peak and exothermic peak present in the DSC thermogram of Alg-C18 had shifted to lower temperatures comparing to native alginate (from 106 to 83°C and from 250 to 245°C, respectively) due to the esterification reaction that leads to high hydrophobic nature of the modified sample. From rheological experiments, it can be inferred that the combination of both calcium bridges and intermolecular hydrophobic interaction in the treated alginate leads to enhanced gel strength accompanied by more stable structure in physiological solution comparing to native sodium alginate hydrogel. Finally, the modified alginate tended to have no toxic effects on mesenchymal stem cell culture, rather it supported MSC chondrogenic differentiation.
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28
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Norton AB, Cox PW, Spyropoulos F. Acid gelation of low acyl gellan gum relevant to self-structuring in the human stomach. Food Hydrocoll 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Nguyen V, Wang C, Thomas C, Zhang Z. Mechanical properties of single alginate microspheres determined by microcompression and finite element modelling. Chem Eng Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2008.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Baumgartner S, Pavli M, Kristl J. Effect of calcium ions on the gelling and drug release characteristics of xanthan matrix tablets. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 69:698-707. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 11/23/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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31
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Nobile MR, Pirozzi V, Somma E, Gomez D'Ayala G, Laurienzo P. Development and rheological investigation of novel alginate/N-succinylchitosan hydrogels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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