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Rivero-Angeles KD, Buitimea-Cantúa GV, Dávila-Ortiz G, López-Villegas EO, Welti-Chanes J, Escobedo-Avellaneda Z, Téllez-Medina DI. Microstructural Changes in Vanilla planifolia Beans after Using High-Hydrostatic-Pressure Treatment in the Curing Process. Foods 2024; 13:177. [PMID: 38254478 PMCID: PMC10813947 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
During vanilla bean curing, the cell arrangement derived from the killing technique applied to start bean ripening is essential to obtain the characteristic aroma and flavor of vanilla. Hence, killing is an important step to release the enzymes and compounds required for vanillin production. In this work, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) at 100-400 MPa for 5 min, using water at 7 °C as the pressure-transmitting medium, was applied as the killing method, and its effect on the microstructural changes in vanilla beans during different curing cycles (C0-C20) was evaluated and compared with that observed after scalding by using water at 100 °C for 8 s. Microstructural changes in the cross-sectioned beans were analyzed using a stereomicroscope (SM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The vanilla beans were cross-sectioned and three main sectors were analyzed: the total, annular, and core. The morphometric descriptors, namely, area, Feret's diameter, and circularity, were quantified via digital image analysis (DIA), from which a shrinkage ratio was calculated. The results show that the total area in the beans presented a maximum decrease in the C16 of curing. The core area was most affected by the HHP treatment, mainly at 400 MPa, rather than scalding. CSLM observations revealed the autofluorescence of the compounds inside the beans. In conclusion, the use of microscopy techniques and DIA allowed us to determine the microstructural changes in the HHP-treated pods, which were found to be more numerous than those found in the scalded beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia D. Rivero-Angeles
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Wilfrido Massieu 399, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (K.D.R.-A.); (G.D.-O.)
| | - Génesis V. Buitimea-Cantúa
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (G.V.B.-C.); (J.W.-C.)
| | - Gloria Dávila-Ortiz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Wilfrido Massieu 399, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (K.D.R.-A.); (G.D.-O.)
| | - Edgar O. López-Villegas
- Central de Instrumentación de Microscopía, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Casco de Santo Tomás, Azcapotzalco, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico;
| | - Jorge Welti-Chanes
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (G.V.B.-C.); (J.W.-C.)
| | - Zamantha Escobedo-Avellaneda
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (G.V.B.-C.); (J.W.-C.)
| | - Darío I. Téllez-Medina
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Wilfrido Massieu 399, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (K.D.R.-A.); (G.D.-O.)
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Luján-Méndez F, Roldán-Padrón O, Castro-Ruíz JE, López-Martínez J, García-Gasca T. Capsaicinoids and Their Effects on Cancer: The "Double-Edged Sword" Postulate from the Molecular Scale. Cells 2023; 12:2573. [PMID: 37947651 PMCID: PMC10650825 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicinoids are a unique chemical species resulting from a particular biosynthesis pathway of hot chilies (Capsicum spp.) that gives rise to 22 analogous compounds, all of which are TRPV1 agonists and, therefore, responsible for the pungency of Capsicum fruits. In addition to their human consumption, numerous ethnopharmacological uses of chili have emerged throughout history. Today, more than 25 years of basic research accredit a multifaceted bioactivity mainly to capsaicin, highlighting its antitumor properties mediated by cytotoxicity and immunological adjuvancy against at least 74 varieties of cancer, while non-cancer cells tend to have greater tolerance. However, despite the progress regarding the understanding of its mechanisms of action, the benefit and safety of capsaicinoids' pharmacological use remain subjects of discussion, since CAP also promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, in an ambivalence that has been referred to as "the double-edge sword". Here, we update the comparative discussion of relevant reports about capsaicinoids' bioactivity in a plethora of experimental models of cancer in terms of selectivity, efficacy, and safety. Through an integration of the underlying mechanisms, as well as inherent aspects of cancer biology, we propose mechanistic models regarding the dichotomy of their effects. Finally, we discuss a selection of in vivo evidence concerning capsaicinoids' immunomodulatory properties against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Luján-Méndez
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. De las Ciencias s/n, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Querétaro, Mexico; (F.L.-M.); (O.R.-P.); (J.L.-M.)
| | - Octavio Roldán-Padrón
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. De las Ciencias s/n, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Querétaro, Mexico; (F.L.-M.); (O.R.-P.); (J.L.-M.)
| | - J. Eduardo Castro-Ruíz
- Escuela de Odontología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76176, Querétaro, Mexico;
| | - Josué López-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. De las Ciencias s/n, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Querétaro, Mexico; (F.L.-M.); (O.R.-P.); (J.L.-M.)
| | - Teresa García-Gasca
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. De las Ciencias s/n, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Querétaro, Mexico; (F.L.-M.); (O.R.-P.); (J.L.-M.)
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Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the MYB Transcription Factor Gene Family in Chili Pepper ( Capsicum spp.). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052229. [PMID: 33668082 PMCID: PMC7956556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The MYB transcription factor family is very large and functionally diverse in plants, however, only a few members of this family have been reported and characterized in chili pepper (Capsicum spp.). In the present study, we performed genome-wide analyses of the MYB family in Capsicum annuum, including phylogenetic relationships, conserved domain, gene structure organization, motif protein arrangement, chromosome distribution, chemical properties predictions, RNA-seq expression, and RT-qPCR expression assays. A total of 235 non-redundant MYB proteins were identified from C. annuum, including R2R3-MYB, 3R-MYB, atypical MYB, and MYB-related subclasses. The sequence analysis of CaMYBs compared with other plant MYB proteins revealed gene conservation, but also potential specialized genes. Tissue-specific expression profiles showed that CaMYB genes were differentially expressed, suggesting that they are functionally divergent. Furthermore, the integration of our data allowed us to propose strong CaMYBs candidates to be regulating phenylpropanoid, lignin, capsaicinoid, carotenoid, and vitamin C biosynthesis, providing new insights into the role of MYB transcription factors in secondary metabolism. This study adds valuable knowledge about the functions of CaMYB genes in various processes in the Capsicum genus.
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Hernández‐Pérez T, Gómez‐García MDR, Valverde ME, Paredes‐López O. Capsicum annuum(hot pepper): An ancient Latin‐American crop with outstanding bioactive compounds and nutraceutical potential. A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:2972-2993. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Talía Hernández‐Pérez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Irapuato Guanajuato México
| | - María del Rocío Gómez‐García
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Irapuato Guanajuato México
| | - María Elena Valverde
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Irapuato Guanajuato México
| | - Octavio Paredes‐López
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Irapuato Guanajuato México
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Zavala-García LE, Sánchez-Segura L, Avila de Dios E, Pérez-López A, Simpson J. Starch accumulation is associated with active growth in A. tequilana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 130:623-632. [PMID: 30125759 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptome analysis of different tissues and developmental stages of A. tequilana plants led to the identification of full length cDNAs and the corresponding amino acid sequences for enzymes involved in starch metabolism in this species. Comparison with sequences from other species confirmed the identities of putative A. tequilana starch metabolism genes and uncovered differences in the evolutionary patterns of these genes between gramineous and non-gramineous monocotyledons. In silico expression patterns showed high levels of expression of starch metabolism genes in shoot apical meristem tissue and histological studies showed the presence of starch in leaf primordia surrounding the shoot apical meristem and in the primary thickening meristem of the stem. Starch was also found to accumulate significantly in developing floral organs and immature embryos. Low levels of starch were observed overall in leaf tissue with the exception of stomatal guard cells where starch was abundant. In root tissue, starch was only observed in statoliths at the root tip. A. tequilana starch grains were found to be small in comparison to other species and have an almost spherical form. The data for gene expression and histological localization are consistent with a role for starch as a transient carbohydrate store for actively growing tissues in A. tequilana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Zavala-García
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Apdo. Postal 629, 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Lino Sánchez-Segura
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Apdo. Postal 629, 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Emmanuel Avila de Dios
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Apdo. Postal 629, 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Arely Pérez-López
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Apdo. Postal 629, 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - June Simpson
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Apdo. Postal 629, 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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Zhao Y, Jiang Y, Zheng Y, Li Z, Zhang Y, Zheng B, Lo YM, Miao S, Tian Y. Effects of Microwave Vacuum Drying on Macroscopic Properties and Microstructure of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) Seeds. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2017-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe structural characteristics of lotus (Nelumbo nuciferaGaertn.) seeds preserved by microwave vacuum drying (MVD) were investigated under various drying parameters, including microwave power density and vacuum degree. Dried lotus seeds were examined for microstructure by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Fractal dimension of the microscopic images was calculated by the box counting method. The apparent physical changes of the seeds, namely shrinkage ratio, rehydration rate, and hardness index, were determined to correlate well with their microstructural changes computed by the normalized changes of the fractal dimension (ΔFD/FD0). The samples at −90 kPa, 15 W/g exhibited a lower shrinkage ratio (46.2 %), higher rehydration rate (187.5 %) and lower hardness (3692.4 N). Although the physical and microstructural changes of the samples prepared by different drying methods (MVD, microwave drying, and hot air drying) varied, the changes of the ΔFD/FD0of the dried samples exhibited the same trends.
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Cáez-Ramírez G, Alamilla-Beltrán L, Gutiérrez-López GF. Morphometric analysis and tissue structural continuity evaluation of senescence progression in fresh cut papaya ( Carica papaya L.). J FOOD ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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