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Lopes SJS, S Sant'Ana A, Freire L. Non-thermal emerging processing Technologies: Mitigation of microorganisms and mycotoxins, sensory and nutritional properties maintenance in clean label fruit juices. Food Res Int 2023; 168:112727. [PMID: 37120193 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The increase in the fruit juice consumption and the interest in clean label products boosted the development and evaluation of new processing technologies. The impact of some emerging non-thermal technologies in food safety and sensory properties has been evaluated. The main technologies applied in the studies are ultrasound, high pressure, supercritical carbon dioxide, ultraviolet, pulsed electric field, cold plasma, ozone and pulsed light. Since there is no single technique that presents high potential for all the evaluated requirements (food safety, sensory, nutritional and the feasibility of implementation in the industry), the search for new technologies to overcome the limitations is fundamental. The high pressure seems to be the most promising technology regarding all the aspects mentioned. Some of the outstanding results are 5 log reduction of E. coli, Listeria and Salmonella, 98.2% of polyphenol oxidase inactivation and 96% PME reduction. However its cost can be a limitation for industrial implementation. The combination of pulsed light and ultrasound could overcome this limitation and provide higher quality fruit juices. The combination was able to achieve 5.8-6.4 log cycles reduction of S. Cerevisiae, and pulsed light is able to obtain PME inactivation around 90%, 61.0 % more antioxidants, 38.8% more phenolics and 68.2% more vitamin C comparing to conventional processing, and similar sensory scores after 45 days at 4 °C comparing to fresh fruit juice. This review aims to update the information related to the application of non-thermal technologies in the fruit juice processing through systematic and updated data to assist in industrial implementation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone J S Lopes
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luísa Freire
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul. Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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2
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Nawawi NIM, Ijod G, Senevirathna SSJ, Aadil RM, Yusof NL, Yusoff MM, Adzahan NM, Azman EM. Comparison of high pressure and thermal pasteurization on the quality parameters of strawberry products: a review. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:729-747. [PMID: 37041805 PMCID: PMC10082863 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) is rich in bioactive compounds with high antioxidant activity. High pressure processing (HPP) is an efficient alternative to preserve these bioactive compounds in terms of microbial inactivation and shelf-life stability. This review compares the effects of pasteurization methods using high pressure or thermal pasteurization (TP) on the quality parameters of various strawberry-based products. To summarize, most of the high pressure-treated products are microbiologically stable and showed minimum degradation of thermolabile compounds than TP-treated ones. However, some studies reported that high pressure did not have an advantage over TP especially in the preservation of phenolic phytochemicals during storage. The insufficient enzyme inactivation and high residual activity of enzymes after high pressure treatment could cause anthocyanins degradation thus affecting the product quality. Overall, this review could be valuable to potential processors in evaluating the effective commercialization of high pressure-treated strawberry products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Izzati Mohamed Nawawi
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Giroon Ijod
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Sri Sampath Janaka Senevirathna
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box. 01, Peradeniya, 20400 Sri Lanka
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Noor Liyana Yusof
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Masni Mat Yusoff
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Noranizan Mohd Adzahan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Ezzat Mohamad Azman
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
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3
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Krishnan Kesavan R, Begum S, Das P, Nayak PK. Hurdle effect of thermosonication and non‐thermal processing on the quality characteristics of fruit juices: An overview. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Radha Krishnan Kesavan
- Department of FET Central Institute of Technology, Deemed to be University Under MoE Government of India Assam Kokrajhar India
| | - Sehnaj Begum
- Department of FET Central Institute of Technology, Deemed to be University Under MoE Government of India Assam Kokrajhar India
| | - Puja Das
- Department of FET Central Institute of Technology, Deemed to be University Under MoE Government of India Assam Kokrajhar India
| | - Prakash Kumar Nayak
- Department of FET Central Institute of Technology, Deemed to be University Under MoE Government of India Assam Kokrajhar India
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4
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Development Control and Inactivation of Byssochlamys nivea Ascospores by Hyperbaric Storage at Room Temperature. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050978. [PMID: 36900495 PMCID: PMC10001197 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study tested hyperbaric storage (25-150 MPa, for 30 days) at room-temperature (HS/RT, 18-23 °C) in order to control the development of Byssochlamys nivea ascospores in apple juice. In order to mimic commercially pasteurized juice contaminated with ascospores, thermal pasteurization (70 and 80 °C for 30 s) and nonthermal high pressure pasteurization (600 MPa for 3 min at 17 °C, HPP) took place, and the juice was afterwards placed under HS/RT conditions. Control samples were also placed in atmospheric pressure (AP) conditions at RT and were refrigerated (4 °C). The results showed that HS/RT, in samples without a pasteurization step and those pasteurized at 70 °C/30 s, was able to inhibit ascospore development, contrarily to samples at AP/RT and refrigeration. HS/RT for samples pasteurized at 80 °C/30 s evidenced ascospore inactivation, especially at 150 MPa, wherein an overall reduction of at least 4.73 log units of ascospores was observed to below detection limits (1.00 Log CFU/mL); meanwhile, for HPP samples, especially at 75 and 150 MPa, an overall reduction of 3 log units (to below quantification limits, 2.00 Log CFU/mL) was observed. Phase-contrast microscopy revealed that the ascospores do not complete the germination process under HS/RT, hence avoiding hyphae formation, which is important for food safety since mycotoxin development occurs only after hyphae formation. These findings suggest that HS/RT is a safe food preservation methodology, as it prevents ascospore development and inactivates them following commercial-like thermal or nonthermal HPP pasteurization, preventing mycotoxin production and enhancing ascospore inactivation.
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Inactivating Food Microbes by High-Pressure Processing and Combined Nonthermal and Thermal Treatment: A Review. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/5797843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High-pressure processing (HPP) is a mild technology alternative to thermal pasteurization and sterilization of different food products. HPP has emerged to provide enormous benefits to consumers, i.e., mildly processed food and additive-free food. It effectively retains bioactive compounds and extends the shelf life of food commodities by inactivating bacteria, yeast, mold, and virus. The limitation of HPP in inactivating spores can be overcome by using other thermal and nonthermal processing sequentially or simultaneously with HPP. This review summarizes the applications of HPP in the fruits and vegetables, dairy, meat, fish, and poultry sector. It also emphasizes microbial food safety and the effectiveness of HPP in the load reduction of microorganisms. Comprehensive information about the synergistic effect of HPP with different techniques and their effectiveness in ensuring food safety is reported. The summarized data would be handy to interested researchers and industry personnel.
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Koutsoumanis K, Alvarez‐Ordóñez A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, Davies R, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Peixe L, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Castle L, Crotta M, Grob K, Milana MR, Petersen A, Roig Sagués AX, Vinagre Silva F, Barthélémy E, Christodoulidou A, Messens W, Allende A. The efficacy and safety of high-pressure processing of food. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07128. [PMID: 35281651 PMCID: PMC8902661 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-pressure processing (HPP) is a non-thermal treatment in which, for microbial inactivation, foods are subjected to isostatic pressures (P) of 400-600 MPa with common holding times (t) from 1.5 to 6 min. The main factors that influence the efficacy (log10 reduction of vegetative microorganisms) of HPP when applied to foodstuffs are intrinsic (e.g. water activity and pH), extrinsic (P and t) and microorganism-related (type, taxonomic unit, strain and physiological state). It was concluded that HPP of food will not present any additional microbial or chemical food safety concerns when compared to other routinely applied treatments (e.g. pasteurisation). Pathogen reductions in milk/colostrum caused by the current HPP conditions applied by the industry are lower than those achieved by the legal requirements for thermal pasteurisation. However, HPP minimum requirements (P/t combinations) could be identified to achieve specific log10 reductions of relevant hazards based on performance criteria (PC) proposed by international standard agencies (5-8 log10 reductions). The most stringent HPP conditions used industrially (600 MPa, 6 min) would achieve the above-mentioned PC, except for Staphylococcus aureus. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), the endogenous milk enzyme that is widely used to verify adequate thermal pasteurisation of cows' milk, is relatively pressure resistant and its use would be limited to that of an overprocessing indicator. Current data are not robust enough to support the proposal of an appropriate indicator to verify the efficacy of HPP under the current HPP conditions applied by the industry. Minimum HPP requirements to reduce Listeria monocytogenes levels by specific log10 reductions could be identified when HPP is applied to ready-to-eat (RTE) cooked meat products, but not for other types of RTE foods. These identified minimum requirements would result in the inactivation of other relevant pathogens (Salmonella and Escherichia coli) in these RTE foods to a similar or higher extent.
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Houška M, Silva FVM, Evelyn, Buckow R, Terefe NS, Tonello C. High Pressure Processing Applications in Plant Foods. Foods 2022; 11:223. [PMID: 35053954 PMCID: PMC8774875 DOI: 10.3390/foods11020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
High pressure processing (HPP) is a cold pasteurization technology by which products, prepacked in their final package, are introduced to a vessel and subjected to a high level of isostatic pressure (300-600 MPa). High-pressure treatment of fruit, vegetable and fresh herb homogenate products offers us nearly fresh products in regard to sensorial and nutritional quality of original raw materials, representing relatively stable and safe source of nutrients, vitamins, minerals and health effective components. Such components can play an important role as a preventive tool against the start of illnesses, namely in the elderly. An overview of several food HPP products, namely of fruit and vegetable origin, marketed successfully around the world is presented. Effects of HPP and HPP plus heat on key spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms, including the resistant spore form and fruit/vegetable endogenous enzymes are reviewed, including the effect on the product quality. Part of the paper is devoted to the industrial equipment available for factories manufacturing HPP treated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Houška
- Food Research Institute Prague, 102 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filipa Vinagre Marques Silva
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Evelyn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Riau, Pekanbaru 28293, Indonesia;
| | - Roman Buckow
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | | | - Carole Tonello
- Hiperbaric, S. A., Condado de Trevino, 6, 09001 Burgos, Spain;
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Abstract
Sustainable food supply has gained considerable consumer concern due to the high percentage of spoilage microorganisms. Food industries need to expand advanced technologies that can maintain the nutritive content of foods, enhance the bio-availability of bioactive compounds, provide environmental and economic sustainability, and fulfill consumers’ requirements of sensory characteristics. Heat treatment negatively affects food samples’ nutritional and sensory properties as bioactives are sensitive to high-temperature processing. The need arises for non-thermal processes to reduce food losses, and sustainable developments in preservation, nutritional security, and food safety are crucial parameters for the upcoming era. Non-thermal processes have been successfully approved because they increase food quality, reduce water utilization, decrease emissions, improve energy efficiency, assure clean labeling, and utilize by-products from waste food. These processes include pulsed electric field (PEF), sonication, high-pressure processing (HPP), cold plasma, and pulsed light. This review describes the use of HPP in various processes for sustainable food processing. The influence of this technique on microbial, physicochemical, and nutritional properties of foods for sustainable food supply is discussed. This approach also emphasizes the limitations of this emerging technique. HPP has been successfully analyzed to meet the global requirements. A limited global food source must have a balanced approach to the raw content, water, energy, and nutrient content. HPP showed positive results in reducing microbial spoilage and, at the same time, retains the nutritional value. HPP technology meets the essential requirements for sustainable and clean labeled food production. It requires limited resources to produce nutritionally suitable foods for consumers’ health.
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Emerging Non-Thermal Technologies as Alternative to SO 2 for the Production of Wine. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092175. [PMID: 34574285 PMCID: PMC8469166 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SO2 is an antioxidant and selective antimicrobial additive, inhibiting the growth of molds in the must during the early stages of wine production, as well as undesirable bacteria and yeasts during fermentation, thus avoiding microbial spoilage during wine production and storage. The addition of SO2 is regulated to a maximum of 150–350 ppm, as this chemical preservative can cause adverse effects in consumers such as allergic reactions. Therefore, the wine industry is interested in finding alternative strategies to reduce SO2 levels, while maintaining wine quality. The use of non-thermal or cold pasteurization technologies for wine preservation was reviewed. The effect of pulsed electric fields (PEF), high pressure processing (HPP), power ultrasound (US), ultraviolet irradiation (UV), high pressure homogenization (HPH), filtration and low electric current (LEC) on wine quality and microbial inactivation was explored and the technologies were compared. PEF and HPP proved to be effective wine pasteurization technologies as they inactivate key wine spoilage yeasts, including Brettanomyces, and bacteria in short periods of time, while retaining the characteristic flavor and aroma of the wine produced. PEF is a promising technology for the beverage industry as it is a continuous process, requiring only microseconds of processing time for the inactivation of undesirable microbes in wines, with commercial scale, higher throughput production potential.
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10
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Effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HPP) and pulsed electric field (PEF) technologies on reduction of aflatoxins in fruit juices. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Gavahian M, Pallares N, Al Khawli F, Ferrer E, Barba FJ. Recent advances in the application of innovative food processing technologies for mycotoxins and pesticide reduction in foods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Alvarenga VO, Gonzales-Barron U, do Prado Silva L, Cadavez V, Sant'Ana AS. Using extended Bigelow meta-regressions for modelling the effects of temperature, pH, °Brix on the inactivation of heat resistant moulds. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 338:108985. [PMID: 33334619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The management of Heat Resistant Moulds (HRMs) is considered a great challenge for the juice fruit industry. Neosartorya, Byssochlamys and Talaromyces are three out of the main genera isolated from fruit juices that show great resistance to heat treatments. Several inactivation parameters can be found in the literature, however all of them were carried out in specific food matrices and using diverse inactivation methods. Thus, this meta-analysis study synthesizes the thermal resistance parameters of the three HRMs by adjusting extended Bigelow-based meta-regression models to data on inactivation experiments conducted in different liquid media. The meta-analytical data, extracted from publications between 1969 and 2017, was composed of decimal reduction time (D), inactivation method, temperature of inactivation, pH, °Brix, age of spores, and type of medium (model, juice, concentrates). Pooled D* values (D at 90 °C, pH 3.5 and 12° Brix) were estimated for B. fulva (1.95 min; 95% CI: 1.21-3.11 min), Talaromyces (4.03 min; 95% CI: 3.43-4.74 min), Neosartorya (0.5.35 min; 95% CI: 4.10-7.08 min), and B. nivea (10.32 min; 95% CI: 5.81-18.4 min). It was found that increasing the soluble solids in concentrates tends to cause a lower decrease in the heat resistance of Neosartorya and Talaromyces than increasing the soluble solids in model liquid or juices (p = 0.001; 0.012). In general, the screw-capped tubes and three neck round inactivation methods render higher D* values (p < 0.05) than the thermal death tubes, the polyethylene bag and the capillary methods. Spores of Talaromyces (overall zpH = 7.56; 95% CI: 5.13-13.5) and Neosartorya (overall zpH = 7.07; 95% CI: 5.04-10.8) appear to be more thermal sensitive to a decrease in medium pH than spores of Byssochlamys (overall zpH = 4.34; 95% CI: 3.20-6.73). The meta-regression models presented in this study can be valuable for estimating pooled inactivation kinetic parameters to be used by the fruit juice industry in the management of thermal processes and in the determination of shelf-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verônica O Alvarenga
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP - Brazil; Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ursula Gonzales-Barron
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB), Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Leonardo do Prado Silva
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP - Brazil
| | - Vasco Cadavez
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB), Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP - Brazil.
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Menezes NMC, Longhi DA, Ortiz BO, Junior AF, de Aragão GMF. Modeling the inactivation of Aspergillus fischeri and Paecilomyces niveus ascospores in apple juice by different ultraviolet light irradiances. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 333:108773. [PMID: 32739634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present work aimed to evaluate and to model the influence of UV-C light treatments with different irradiances (6.5, 13, 21, and 36 W/m2) on Aspergillus fischeri and Paecilomyces niveus ascospores inactivation in clarified apple juice. Approximately 5.0 and 6.0 log CFU/mL spores of P. niveus and A. fischeri, respectively, were suspended in 30 mL of clarified apple juice (pH 3.8, 12 ± 0.1°Brix) and exposed to UV-C light at different irradiances (as above) and exposure times (0 to 30 min). The first-order biphasic model was able to describe the experimental data with good statistical indices (RMSE = 0.296 and 0.308, R2 = 0.96 and 0.98, for P. niveus and A. fischeri respectively). At the highest irradiance level tested (36 W/m2), the UV-C light allowed the reduction of 5.7 and 4.2 log-cycles of A. fischeri and P. niveus ascospores, respectively, in approximately 10 min. P. niveus was the most UV-C resistant mould. The results showed that, to a defined UV-C fluence, a change in the level of either time or UV-C irradiance did not affect the effectiveness of UV-C light for A. fischeri and P. niveus inactivation. Thus, the modeling of the inactivation as a function of the UV-C fluence allowed the estimation of the primary model parameters with all experimental data and, consequently, no secondary models were needed. The model parameters were validated with experiments of variable UV-C fluences. Accordingly, experimental results allowed to conclude that UV-C treatment at the irradiances tested is a promising application for preventing A. fischeri and P. niveus spoilage of juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natielle Maria Costa Menezes
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Center of Technology, Florianopolis, SC 88040-901, Brazil
| | - Daniel Angelo Longhi
- Federal University of Paraná, Food Engineering, Jandaia do Sul Campus, Jandaia do Sul, PR 86900-000, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Oliveira Ortiz
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Center of Technology, Florianopolis, SC 88040-901, Brazil
| | - Agenor Furigo Junior
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Center of Technology, Florianopolis, SC 88040-901, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Maria Falcão de Aragão
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Center of Technology, Florianopolis, SC 88040-901, Brazil.
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Santos JLPD, Membré JM, Jacxsens L, Samapundo S, Van Impe J, Sant'Ana AS, Devlieghere F. Quantitative microbial spoilage risk assessment (QMSRA) of pasteurized strawberry purees by Aspergillus fischeri (teleomorph Neosartorya fischeri). Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 333:108781. [PMID: 32711130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus fischeri ascospores are known as potential spoilage microorganisms of pasteurized fruit products due to their high incidence in fruits, the ability to survive pasteurization and to grow in acidic conditions. This study aimed to develop a quantitative microbial spoilage risk assessment (QMSRA) model approach to estimate the spoilage risk of packaged strawberry purees due to A. fischeri under various scenarios regarding product formulation, processing and storage conditions. The development of the risk assessment comprised three steps: (1) initial contamination level of raw material by ascospores (N0), (2) inactivation of ascospores during thermal processing (Np) and (3) determination of the number of ascospores which are able to survive thermal processing and develop visible mycelia (D = 2 mm) during storage (Nf). Data of visible growth (tv, days) comprised distributions previously obtained as function of water activity (aw) (0.860-0.985), oxygen (0-21%), temperature (8-30 °C) and pasteurization (95-105 °C/15 s). The simulations were performed in triplicate with 100,000 iterations using the software R. The outcome "spoilage risk" was defined as the probability of having at least one ascospore (Nf) capable of forming visible colonies in 100 g-pack strawberry puree within the typical use-by dates. Overall, high probabilities of spoilage were estimated for purees pasteurized at milder treatments at 85 °C/15-60 s (67%) and 90 °C/15-60 s (≥40%) stored at ambient temperature (22 °C). The spoilage risk was only effectively reduced (0.02%) by increasing pasteurization conditions to 95 °C for at least 45 s. Moreover, the microbial stability of such purees, i.e., spoilage risk <0.001% (=less than 1 spoilage pack out of 105 produced units) was predicted to occur for purees treated at 100 °C/15 s or stored at chilled conditions (≤8 °C) or at strict anaerobic conditions or produced as concentrates (aw ≤ 0.860). Based on the outcomes obtained, a set of specifications for Heat-Resistant Moulds (HRMs) in raw material and pasteurized purees aimed to be used as an ingredient was suggested. Furthermore, the results can be used to support risk management decisions in identifying and quantifying the impact of possible interventions during formulation, processing and storage conditions of fruit purees to effectively reduce this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Lane Paixão Dos Santos
- Research Unit Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, member of Food2Know, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium..
| | | | - Liesbeth Jacxsens
- Research Unit Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, member of Food2Know, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Simbarashe Samapundo
- Research Unit Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, member of Food2Know, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Jan Van Impe
- Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control (BioTec+), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Frank Devlieghere
- Research Unit Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, member of Food2Know, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
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15
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Evelyn, Silva FV. Ultrasound assisted thermal inactivation of spores in foods: Pathogenic and spoilage bacteria, molds and yeasts. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Silva FV, Evelyn. Resistant moulds as pasteurization target for cold distributed high pressure and heat assisted high pressure processed fruit products. J FOOD ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.109998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Pinto CA, Moreira SA, Fidalgo LG, Inácio RS, Barba FJ, Saraiva JA. Effects of high-pressure processing on fungi spores: Factors affecting spore germination and inactivation and impact on ultrastructure. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:553-573. [PMID: 33325178 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Food contamination with heat-resistant fungi (HRF), and their spores, is a major issue among fruit processors, being frequently found in fruit juices and concentrates, among other products, leading to considerable economic losses and food safety issues. Several strategies were developed to minimize the contamination with HRF, with improvements from harvesting to the final product, including sanitizers and new processing techniques. Considering consumers' demands for minimally processed, fresh-like food products, nonthermal food-processing technologies, such as high-pressure processing (HPP), among others, are emerging as alternatives to the conventional thermal processing techniques. As no heat is applied to foods, vitamins, proteins, aromas, and taste are better kept when compared to thermal processes. Nevertheless, HPP is only able to destroy pathogenic and spoilage vegetative microorganisms to levels of pertinence for food safety, while bacterial spores remain. Regarding HRF spores (both ascospores and conidiospores), these seem to be more pressure-sensible than bacterial spores, despite a few cases, such as the ascospores of Byssochlamys spp., Neosartorya spp., and Talaromyces spp. that are resistant to high pressures and high temperatures, requiring the combination of both variables to be inactivated. This review aims to cover the literature available concerning the effects of HPP at room-like temperatures, and its combination with high temperatures, and high-pressure cycling, to inactivate fungi spores, including the main factors affecting spores' resistance to high-pressure, such as pH, water activity, nutritional composition of the food matrix and ascospore age, as well as the changes in the spore ultrastructure, and the parameters to consider regarding their inactivation by HPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Pinto
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sílvia A Moreira
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Liliana G Fidalgo
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, Beja, Portugal
| | - Rita S Inácio
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Area de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Jorge A Saraiva
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Dos Santos JLP, Samapundo S, Djunaidi S, Vermeulen A, Sant'Ana AS, Van Impe J, Devlieghere F. Effect of storage temperature, water activity, oxygen headspace concentration and pasteurization intensity on the time to growth of Aspergillus fischerianus (teleomorph Neosartorya fischeri). Food Microbiol 2020; 88:103406. [PMID: 31997762 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.103406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to assess, by means of a full factorial design, the effect of storage temperature (10-30 °C), water activity (aw, 0.87-0.89), headspace oxygen (O2) level (0.15-0.80%) and pasteurization intensity (95 °C-105 °C/15sec) on the time to visible growth (tv, days) of Aspergillus fischerianus on acidified Potato Dextrose Agar (aPDA, pH 3.6) for up to 90 days. Moreover, in order to validate the results obtained on aPDA, 12 conditions were selected and assessed in concentrate strawberry-puree based medium. Overall, storage temperature had the greatest effect on the tv of A. fischerianus on the evaluated conditions. At 10 °C, no visible growth was observed over the 90 day incubation period, whilst visible mycelia (diameter ≥ 2 mm) were present in 37% and 89% of the conditions at 22 °C and 30 °C, respectively. Pasteurization intensity had only a minor effect on the outgrowth of A. fischerianus. Growth inhibition was observed when aw was reduced to 0.870 ± 0.005 in combination with very low headspace O2 levels (0.15% ± 0.10) in both, aPDA and concentrate strawberry-based media, regardless of the incubation temperature and heat pasteurization intensity. Overall, longer tv's were required when incubation was done at 22 °C compared to 30 °C. Ultimately, the effect of O2 (0.05 and 1%) and pasteurization intensity (95 °C and 105 °C/15sec) were evaluated on totally 22 fruit purees (un-concentrates and concentrates) over a 60 day storage period. None of the concentrates purees (aw ≤0.860) evaluated in this study supported the growth of A. fischerianus. On the other hand, A. fischerianus growth inhibition was only observed when the O2 levels were ≤0.05% on un-concentrates fruit purees (aw ≥ 0.980) stored at ambient temperature (22 °C). Combination of multiple stress factors effectively inhibited growth of A. fischerianus. In general, storage of fruit purees at low temperatures (<10 °C) or distribution in the form of concentrates can be considered as important strategies to prevent the growth of spoilage associated heat-resistant moulds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Lane Paixão Dos Santos
- Research Unit Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Member of Food2Know, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | - Simbarashe Samapundo
- Research Unit Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Member of Food2Know, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Stefani Djunaidi
- Research Unit Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Member of Food2Know, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - An Vermeulen
- Research Unit Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Member of Food2Know, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jan Van Impe
- Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control (BioTec+), Department of Chemical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Devlieghere
- Research Unit Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Member of Food2Know, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
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19
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Santos JLPD, Samapundo S, Pimentel GC, Van Impe J, Sant’Ana AS, Devlieghere F. Assessment of minimum oxygen concentrations for the growth of heat-resistant moulds. Food Microbiol 2019; 84:103243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.103243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Evelyn, Silva FV. Heat assisted HPP for the inactivation of bacteria, moulds and yeasts spores in foods: Log reductions and mathematical models. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Menezes NMC, Tremarin A, Junior AF, de Aragão GMF. Effect of soluble solids concentration on Neosartorya fischeri inactivation using UV-C light. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 296:43-47. [PMID: 30849705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ascospores of Neosartorya fischeri are heat-resistant and can survive thermal commercial treatments normally applied to the juices, as apple juice. Non-thermal processing of food such as exposure to ultraviolet light (UV-C) is reported to induce minimal quality changes while reduces microbial load. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect at different soluble solids concentration (12, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 °Brix) on N. fischeri ascospores inactivation in apple juice, using UV-C light intensity (38 W/m2). Weibull model was fitted to experimental data. Then, a secondary model was used to describe how the inactivation kinetic parameters varied with the changes in soluble solids concentration. Results showed that the UV-C light had influence on N. fischeri ascospores inactivation in apple juice even at the highest soluble solids concentrations used, reaching approximately 4 log reductions at all concentrations used. The inactivation parameters, obtained by Weibull model, were δ (dose for the first decimal reduction) and p (the shape factor). Exponential model was chosen to describe the influence of soluble solids concentration on δ and p parameters. It can be concluded that UV-C light is a promising treatment with a drastic impact on the loads of N. fischeri, especially when low soluble solids concentration is used and a model was obtained to describe Brix effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natielle Maria Costa Menezes
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Center of Technology, Florianopolis, SC 88040-901, Brazil
| | - Andréia Tremarin
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Center of Technology, Florianopolis, SC 88040-901, Brazil
| | - Agenor Furigo Junior
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Center of Technology, Florianopolis, SC 88040-901, Brazil
| | - Glaúcia Maria Falcão de Aragão
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Center of Technology, Florianopolis, SC 88040-901, Brazil.
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22
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Smolková B, Uzhytchak M, Lynnyk A, Kubinová Š, Dejneka A, Lunov O. A Critical Review on Selected External Physical Cues and Modulation of Cell Behavior: Magnetic Nanoparticles, Non-thermal Plasma and Lasers. J Funct Biomater 2018; 10:jfb10010002. [PMID: 30586923 PMCID: PMC6463085 DOI: 10.3390/jfb10010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Physics-based biomedical approaches have proved their importance for the advancement of medical sciences and especially in medical diagnostics and treatments. Thus, the expectations regarding development of novel promising physics-based technologies and tools are very high. This review describes the latest research advances in biomedical applications of external physical cues. We overview three distinct topics: using high-gradient magnetic fields in nanoparticle-mediated cell responses; non-thermal plasma as a novel bactericidal agent; highlights in understanding of cellular mechanisms of laser irradiation. Furthermore, we summarize the progress, challenges and opportunities in those directions. We also discuss some of the fundamental physical principles involved in the application of each cue. Considerable technological success has been achieved in those fields. However, for the successful clinical translation we have to understand the limitations of technologies. Importantly, we identify the misconceptions pervasive in the discussed fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Smolková
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Mariia Uzhytchak
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Lynnyk
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Šárka Kubinová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexandr Dejneka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Oleg Lunov
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic.
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23
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Santos JL, Samapundo S, Gülay SM, Van Impe J, Sant'Ana AS, Devlieghere F. Inter- and intra-species variability in heat resistance and the effect of heat treatment intensity on subsequent growth of Byssochlamys fulva and Byssochlamys nivea. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 279:80-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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24
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Samapundo S, Vroman A, Eeckhout M, Devlieghere F. Effect of heat treatment intensity on the survival, activation and subsequent outgrowth of Byssochlamys nivea ascospores. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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25
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Santos JLPD, Samapundo S, Biyikli A, Van Impe J, Akkermans S, Höfte M, Abatih EN, Sant'Ana AS, Devlieghere F. Occurrence, distribution and contamination levels of heat-resistant moulds throughout the processing of pasteurized high-acid fruit products. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 281:72-81. [PMID: 29870893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heat-resistant moulds (HRMs) are well known for their ability to survive pasteurization and spoil high-acid food products, which is of great concern for processors of fruit-based products worldwide. Whilst the majority of the studies on HRMs over the last decades have addressed their inactivation, few data are currently available regarding their contamination levels in fruit and fruit-based products. Thus, this study aimed to quantify and identify heat-resistant fungal ascospores from samples collected throughout the processing of pasteurized high-acid fruit products. In addition, an assessment on the effect of processing on the contamination levels of HRMs in these products was carried out. A total of 332 samples from 111 batches were analyzed from three processing plants (=three processing lines): strawberry puree (n = 88, Belgium), concentrated orange juice (n = 90, Brazil) and apple puree (n = 154, the Netherlands). HRMs were detected in 96.4% (107/111) of the batches and 59.3% (197/332) of the analyzed samples. HRMs were present in 90.9% of the samples from the strawberry puree processing line (1-215 ascospores/100 g), 46.7% of the samples from the orange juice processing line (1-200 ascospores/100 g) and 48.7% of samples from the apple puree processing line (1-84 ascospores/100 g). Despite the high occurrence, the majority (76.8%, 255/332) of the samples were either not contaminated or presented low levels of HRMs (<10 ascospores/100 g). For both strawberry puree and concentrated orange juice, processing had no statistically significant effect on the levels of HRMs (p > 0.05). On the contrary, a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in HRMs levels was observed during the processing of apple puree. Twelve species were identified belonging to four genera - Byssochlamys, Aspergillus with Neosartorya-type ascospores, Talaromyces and Rasamsonia. N. fumigata (23.6%), N. fischeri (19.1%) and B. nivea (5.5%) were the predominant species in pasteurized products. The quantitative data (contamination levels of HRMs) were fitted to exponential distributions and will ultimately be included as input to spoilage risk assessment models which would allow better control of the spoilage of heat treated fruit products caused by heat-resistant moulds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Lane Paixão Dos Santos
- Research Unit Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | - Simbarashe Samapundo
- Research Unit Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Ayse Biyikli
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Microbiology and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Jan Van Impe
- Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control (BioTec+), Department of Chemical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simen Akkermans
- Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control (BioTec+), Department of Chemical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
| | - Monica Höfte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Crop Protection, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Nji Abatih
- FIRE Unit, Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Frank Devlieghere
- Research Unit Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
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26
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Van Impe J, Smet C, Tiwari B, Greiner R, Ojha S, Stulić V, Vukušić T, Režek Jambrak A. State of the art of nonthermal and thermal processing for inactivation of micro-organisms. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:16-35. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Van Impe
- Department of Chemical Engineering; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - C. Smet
- Department of Chemical Engineering; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - B. Tiwari
- Department of Food Biosciences; Teagasc - Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority; Carlow Ireland
| | - R. Greiner
- Department of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; Max Rubner-Institut; Karlsruhe Germany
| | - S. Ojha
- Department of Food Biosciences; Teagasc - Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority; Carlow Ireland
| | - V. Stulić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; University of Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
| | - T. Vukušić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; University of Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
| | - A. Režek Jambrak
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; University of Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
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27
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Differences in the resistance of microbial spores to thermosonication, high pressure thermal processing and thermal treatment alone. J FOOD ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Rico-Munoz E, Samson RA, Houbraken J. Mould spoilage of foods and beverages: Using the right methodology. Food Microbiol 2018; 81:51-62. [PMID: 30910088 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fungal spoilage of products manufactured by the food and beverage industry imposes significant annual global revenue losses. Mould spoilage can also be a food safety issue due to the production of mycotoxins by these moulds. To prevent mould spoilage, it is essential that the associated mycobiota be adequately isolated and accurately identified. The main fungal groups associated with spoilage are the xerophilic, heat-resistant, preservative-resistant, anaerobic and psychrophilic fungi. To assess mould spoilage, the appropriate methodology and media must be used. While classic mycological detection methods can detect a broad range of fungi using well validated protocols, they are time consuming and results can take days or even weeks. New molecular detection methods are faster but require good DNA isolation techniques, expensive equipment and may detect viable and non-viable fungi that probably will not spoil a specific product. Although there is no complete and easy method for the detection of fungi in food it is important to be aware of the limitation of the methodology. More research is needed on the development of methods of detection and identification that are both faster and highly sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Rico-Munoz
- BCN Research Laboratories, Inc., 2491 Stock Creek Blvd., Rockford, TN 37853, USA.
| | - Robert A Samson
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Dept. Applied and Industrial Mycology, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, CT 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Dept. Applied and Industrial Mycology, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, CT 3584, The Netherlands
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29
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Evelyn, Milani E, Silva FV. Comparing high pressure thermal processing and thermosonication with thermal processing for the inactivation of bacteria, moulds, and yeasts spores in foods. J FOOD ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Rozali SNM, Milani EA, Deed RC, Silva FVM. Bacteria, mould and yeast spore inactivation studies by scanning electron microscope observations. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 263:17-25. [PMID: 29024903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Spores are the most resistant form of microbial cells, thus difficult to inactivate. The pathogenic or food spoilage effects of certain spore-forming microorganisms have been the primary basis of sterilization and pasteurization processes. Thermal sterilization is the most common method to inactivate spores present on medical equipment and foods. High pressure processing (HPP) is an emerging and commercial non-thermal food pasteurization technique. Although previous studies demonstrated the effectiveness of thermal and non-thermal spore inactivation, the in-depth mechanisms of spore inactivation are as yet unclear. Live and dead forms of two food spoilage bacteria, a mould and a yeast were examined using scanning electron microscopy before and after the inactivation treatment. Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris and Geobacillus stearothermophilus bacteria are indicators of acidic foods pasteurization and sterilization processes, respectively. Neosartorya fischeri is a phyto-pathogenic mould attacking fruits. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a yeast with various applications for winemaking, brewing, baking and the production of biofuel from crops (e.g. sugar cane). Spores of the four microbial species were thermally inactivated. Spores of S. cerevisiae were observed in the ascus and free form after thermal and HPP treatments. Different forms of damage and cell destruction were observed for each microbial spore. Thermal treatment inactivated bacterial spores of A. acidoterrestris and G. stearothermophilus by attacking the inner core of the spore. The heat first altered the membrane permeability allowing the release of intracellular components. Subsequently, hydration of spores, physicochemical modifications of proteins, flattening and formation of indentations occurred, with subsequent spore death. Regarding N. fischeri, thermal inactivation caused cell destruction and leakage of intracellular components. Both thermal and HPP treatments of S. cerevisiae free spores attacked the inner membrane, altering its permeability, and allowing in final stages the transfer of intracellular components to the outside. The spore destruction caused by thermal treatment was more severe than HPP, as HPP had less effect on the spore core. All injured spores have undergone irreversible volume and shape changes. While some of the leakage of spore contents is visible around the deformed but fully shaped spore, other spores exhibited large indentations and were completely deformed, apparently without any contents inside. This current study contributed to the understanding of spore inactivation by thermal and non-thermal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti N M Rozali
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Elham A Milani
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca C Deed
- School of Biological Sciences, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Filipa V M Silva
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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31
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Rico-Munoz E. Heat resistant molds in foods and beverages: recent advances on assessment and prevention. Curr Opin Food Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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