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Günter E, Popeyko O, Vityazev F, Popov S. Effect of Callus Cell Immobilization on the Textural and Rheological Properties, Loading, and Releasing of Grape Seed Extract from Pectin Hydrogels. Gels 2024; 10:273. [PMID: 38667692 PMCID: PMC11048760 DOI: 10.3390/gels10040273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to prepare pectin hydrogels with immobilized Lemna minor callus cells and to identify the effect of cell immobilization on the textural, rheological, and swelling properties; loading; and releasing of grape seed extract (GSE) from the hydrogels. Hardness, adhesiveness, elasticity, the strength of linkage, and complex viscosity decreased with increasing cell content in the hydrogels based on pectin with a degree of methyl esterification (DM) of 5.7% (TVC) and during incubation in gastrointestinal fluids. An increase in the rheological properties and fragility of pectin/callus hydrogels based on pectin with a DM of 33.0% (CP) was observed at a cell content of 0.4 g/mL. TVC-based pectin/callus beads increased their swelling in gastrointestinal fluids as cell content increased. TVC-based beads released GSE very slowly into simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, indicating controlled release. The GSE release rate in colonic fluid decreased with increasing cell content, which was associated with the accumulation of GSE in cells. CP-based beads released GSE completely in the intestinal fluid due to weak textural characteristics and rapid degradation within 10 min. Pectin/callus hydrogels have the ability to preserve GSE for a long time and may have great potential for the development of proanthocyanidin delivery systems due to their novel beneficial physicochemical and textural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Günter
- Institute of Physiology of Federal Research Centre, Komi Science Centre, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50, Pervomaiskaya Str., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (O.P.); (F.V.)
| | | | | | - Sergey Popov
- Institute of Physiology of Federal Research Centre, Komi Science Centre, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50, Pervomaiskaya Str., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (O.P.); (F.V.)
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Günter E, Popeyko O, Popov S. Ca-Alginate Hydrogel with Immobilized Callus Cells as a New Delivery System of Grape Seed Extract. Gels 2023; 9:gels9030256. [PMID: 36975705 PMCID: PMC10048767 DOI: 10.3390/gels9030256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new delivery systems for polyphenols is necessary to maintain their antioxidant activity and targeted delivery. The purpose of this investigation was to obtain alginate hydrogels with immobilized callus cells, in order to study the interaction between the physicochemical properties of hydrogels, texture, swelling behaviour, and grape seed extract (GSE) release in vitro. The inclusion of duckweed (LMC) and campion (SVC) callus cells in hydrogels led to a decrease in their porosity, gel strength, adhesiveness, and thermal stability, and an increase in the encapsulation efficiency compared with alginate hydrogel. The incorporation of LMC cells (0.17 g/mL), which were smaller, resulted in the formation of a stronger gel. The Fourier transform infrared analyses indicated the entrapment of GSE in the alginate hydrogel. Alginate/callus hydrogels had reduced swelling and GSE release in the simulated intestinal (SIF) and colonic (SCF) fluids due to their less porous structure and the retention of GSE in cells. Alginate/callus hydrogels gradually released GSE in SIF and SCF. The faster GSE release in SIF and SCF was associated with reduced gel strength and increased swelling of the hydrogels. LMC-1.0Alginate hydrogels with lower swelling, higher initial gel strength, and thermal stability released GSE more slowly in SIF and SCF. The GSE release was dependent on the content of SVC cells in 1.0% alginate hydrogels. The data obtained show that the addition of callus cells to the hydrogel provides them with physicochemical and textural properties that are useful for the development of drug delivery systems in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Günter
- Institute of Physiology of Federal Research Centre "Komi Science Centre of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 50, Pervomaiskaya Str., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Oxana Popeyko
- Institute of Physiology of Federal Research Centre "Komi Science Centre of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 50, Pervomaiskaya Str., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Sergey Popov
- Institute of Physiology of Federal Research Centre "Komi Science Centre of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 50, Pervomaiskaya Str., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
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Valorization of Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) Grain Extracts for the Development of Alginate-Based Active Films. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185798. [PMID: 36144531 PMCID: PMC9505876 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This research work investigates the development of alginate-based films incorporating phenolic compounds extracted from Amaranthus cruentus grain using different solvents. Alginate, glycerol, and amaranth grain phenolic compounds at various concentrations were used to produce the films. An experimental Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) was used to evaluate the effect of these variables on different film’s properties, i.e., water vapor permeability, hydrophobicity, moisture content, solubility, thermal, mechanical, and optical properties. This study demonstrated that high phenolic compound content and antioxidant capacity were obtained from amaranth grain using ethanol as the extraction solvent. Alginate films incorporating amaranth phenolic compounds were successfully manufactured, and this study can be used to tailor the formulation of alginate films containing amaranth phenolic compounds, depending on their final food application. For example, less flexible but more resistant and water-soluble films can be produced by increasing the alginate concentration, which was confirmed by a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis. This study showed that active alginate films with amaranth phenolic compounds can be tailored to be used as food packaging material with potential antioxidant activity.
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Günter EA, Popeyko OV. Delivery system for grape seed extract based on biodegradable pectin-Zn-alginate gel particles. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:1021-1033. [PMID: 35963355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pectin-Zn-alginate gel particles from callus culture pectin with increased linearity and decreased rhamnogalacturonan I branching and degree of methylesterification had a higher gel strength and encapsulation capacity. An increase of the alginate concentration led to an increase in the particle gel strength. The grape seed extract (GSE) loaded and empty particles swelled slightly in the simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and gradually in the intestinal (SIF) fluid. The swelling degrees of the GSE-loaded and empty particles in the simulated colonic fluids (SCF) were decreased in the range SCF-7.0 (pH 7.0 + pectinase) > SCF-5.3 (pH 5.3 + pectinase) > SCF-2.3 (pH 2.3 + pectinase). The FTIR spectra indicated that GSE was embedded in the composite particles. Negligible leakage of GSE in SGF was shown. The increase in GSE release in SIF was due to the decrease in particle gel strength and increased swelling degree. The GSE release in fluids simulating the colon inflammation (SCF-2.3 and SCF-5.3) was similar, and it was lower than that in the SCF-7.0 simulating a healthy colon due to the increased gel strength. The percentage release of GSE increased slightly after exposure to different pH. Pectin-Zn-alginate hydrogel systems may be promising candidates for colon-targeted GSE delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Günter
- Institute of Physiology, Komi Science Centre, The Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50, Pervomaiskaya str., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia.
| | - Oxana V Popeyko
- Institute of Physiology, Komi Science Centre, The Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50, Pervomaiskaya str., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
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5
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High-Pressure Technologies for the Recovery of Bioactive Molecules from Agro-Industrial Waste. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of food waste are produced each year. These residues require appropriate management to reduce their environmental impact and, at the same time, economic loss. However, this waste is still rich in compounds (e.g., colorants, antioxidants, polyphenols, fatty acids, vitamins, and proteins) that can find potential applications in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Conventional extraction techniques suffer some drawbacks when applied to the exploitation of food residues, including large amounts of polluting solvents, increased time of extraction, possible degradation of the active molecules during extraction, low yields, and reduced extraction selectivity. For these reasons, advanced extraction techniques have emerged in order to obtain efficient residue exploitation using more sustainable processes. In particular, performing extraction under high-pressure conditions, such as supercritical fluids and pressurized liquid extraction, offers several advantages for the extraction of bioactive molecules. These include the reduced use of toxic solvents, reduced extraction time, high selectivity, and the possibility of being applied in combination in a cascade of progressive extractions. In this review, an overview of high-pressure extraction techniques related to the recovery of high added value compounds from waste generated in food industries is presented and a critical discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of each process is reported. Furthermore, the possibility of combined multi-stage extractions, as well as economic and environmental aspects, are discussed in order to provide a complete overview of the topic.
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Nano-biocomposite based color sensors: Investigation of structure, function, and applications in intelligent food packaging. Food Packag Shelf Life 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Otálora González CM, De’Nobili MD, Rojas AM, Basanta MF, Gerschenson LN. Development of functional pectin edible films with fillers obtained from red cabbage and beetroot. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Otálora González
- Departamento de Industrias Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) CABA Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos (ITAPROQ) UBA‐CONICET Ciudad Universitaria Avenida Intendente Guiraldes 2620 CABA(1428)Argentina
| | - Maria D. De’Nobili
- Departamento de Industrias Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) CABA Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos (ITAPROQ) UBA‐CONICET Ciudad Universitaria Avenida Intendente Guiraldes 2620 CABA(1428)Argentina
| | - Ana M. Rojas
- Departamento de Industrias Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) CABA Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos (ITAPROQ) UBA‐CONICET Ciudad Universitaria Avenida Intendente Guiraldes 2620 CABA(1428)Argentina
| | - María F. Basanta
- Departamento de Industrias Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) CABA Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos (ITAPROQ) UBA‐CONICET Ciudad Universitaria Avenida Intendente Guiraldes 2620 CABA(1428)Argentina
| | - Lía N. Gerschenson
- Departamento de Industrias Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) CABA Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos (ITAPROQ) UBA‐CONICET Ciudad Universitaria Avenida Intendente Guiraldes 2620 CABA(1428)Argentina
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Rodrigues FAM, Dos Santos SBF, Lopes MMDA, Guimarães DJS, de Oliveira Silva E, de Souza Filho MDSM, Mattos ALA, da Silva LMR, de Azeredo HMC, Ricardo NMPS. Antioxidant films and coatings based on starch and phenolics from Spondias purpurea L. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:354-365. [PMID: 33836202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to prepare, for the first time, active films and coatings from fruit starch (SPFS) and phenolic stem bark extract (SBPE) from Spondias purpurea L. Starch film formulations were prepared with different SBPE contents (5-20 wt% on starch), then cast and dried into films. SBPE showed higher antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Chemical, morphological, thermal, optical, mechanical, and barrier properties were studied for SPFS-SBPE films. In general, the phenolic extract caused significant changes in starch films (especially when in excess), such as gradual reduction of elastic modulus and tensile strength, increased elongation, opacity, and thermal properties (e.g. glass transition and melting enthalpy). On the other hand, SBPE provided the films with active properties (antioxidant and UV-absorbing). Coatings were applied to minimally processed mangoes (MPM), which were stored for 10 days at 12 °C. SBPE-containing coatings provided better protective action, reducing the total color difference (∆E⁎) and delaying the browning index (BI) during storage as well as reducing fungus attack. The active SPFS-SBPE films showed great potential as environmentally friendly active films and coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Alessandro Marinho Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Polymers and Materials Innovation, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza - CE, Zip Code 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Sarah Brenda Ferreira Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Polymers and Materials Innovation, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza - CE, Zip Code 60440-900, Brazil
| | | | - Diana Jessica Souza Guimarães
- Department of Food Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza - CE, Zip Code 60430-160, Brazil; Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, R. Dra. Sara Mesquita, 2270, Fortaleza - CE, Zip Code 60511-110, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Henriette Monteiro Cordeiro de Azeredo
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, R. Dra. Sara Mesquita, 2270, Fortaleza - CE, Zip Code 60511-110, Brazil; Embrapa Instrumentação, R. XV de Novembro, 2452, São Carlos - SP, Zip Code 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Nágila Maria Pontes Silva Ricardo
- Laboratory of Polymers and Materials Innovation, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza - CE, Zip Code 60440-900, Brazil.
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Idrovo Encalada AM, De’Nobili MD, Ponce ANM, Stortz CA, Fissore EN, Rojas AM. Antioxidant edible film based on a carrot pectin‐enriched fraction as an active packaging of a vegan cashew ripened cheese. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alondra Mariela Idrovo Encalada
- Departamento de Industrias‐ITAPROQ Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales University of Buenos AiresCiudad Universitaria Ciudad de Buenos AiresC1428BGAArgentina
| | - Maria Dolores De’Nobili
- Departamento de Industrias‐ITAPROQ Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales University of Buenos AiresCiudad Universitaria Ciudad de Buenos AiresC1428BGAArgentina
| | - Andrea Nora M. Ponce
- Departamento de Química Orgánica‐CIHIDECAR Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales University of Buenos AiresCiudad Universitaria Ciudad de Buenos AiresC1428BGAArgentina
| | - Carlos Arturo Stortz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica‐CIHIDECAR Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales University of Buenos AiresCiudad Universitaria Ciudad de Buenos AiresC1428BGAArgentina
| | - Eliana Noemi Fissore
- Departamento de Industrias‐ITAPROQ Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales University of Buenos AiresCiudad Universitaria Ciudad de Buenos AiresC1428BGAArgentina
| | - Ana Maria Rojas
- Departamento de Industrias‐ITAPROQ Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales University of Buenos AiresCiudad Universitaria Ciudad de Buenos AiresC1428BGAArgentina
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Yong H, Liu J. Recent advances in the preparation, physical and functional properties, and applications of anthocyanins-based active and intelligent packaging films. Food Packag Shelf Life 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2020.100550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Osorio-Tobón JF. Recent advances and comparisons of conventional and alternative extraction techniques of phenolic compounds. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020; 57:4299-4315. [PMID: 33087945 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are a group of secondary metabolites produced by plants under stressful conditions. Phenolic compounds play an important role in the prevention and treatment of certain illnesses and are exploited by the food and pharmaceutical industries. Conventional methods are commonly used as models to compare the efficiencies of alternative extraction methods. Among alternative extraction processes, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) are the most studied. These methods produce extracts rich in phenolic compounds using moderate temperatures, short extraction times, and solvents generally recognized as safe. The combination of extraction time and temperature plays a critical role in the stability of the compounds. Solvents of higher polarity enhance the extraction of phenolic compounds. The use of the ethanol-water mixture for MAE, PLE, and UAE is recommended. MAE and UAE involve shorter extraction times than do PLE and SFE. SFE requires a low average temperature (40 °C). MAE produces the highest total phenolic content [227.63 mg GAE/g dry basis (d.b.)], followed by PLE (173.65 mg GAE/g d.b.), UAE (92.99 mg GAE/g d.b.) and SFE (37 mg GAE/g d.b.). Extraction yields and recovery rates of the phenolic compounds can be enhanced by combining and integrating extraction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Felipe Osorio-Tobón
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Institution Colegio Mayor de Antioquia (COLMAYOR), Carrera 78 # 65-46, Medellín, 050036 Antioquia Colombia
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Neelam, Khatkar A, Sharma KK. Phenylpropanoids and its derivatives: biological activities and its role in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2655-2675. [PMID: 31456411 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1653822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoids and their derivatives are plant secondary metabolites widely present in fruits, vegetables, cereal grains, beverages, spices and herbs. They are known to have multifaceted effects which include antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer activities and as well as exhibits renoprotective, neuroprotective, cardioprotective and hepatoprotective effects. Owing to their antioxidant, antimicrobial and photoprotective properties, these compounds have wide application in the food (preservation, packaging films and edible coating), pharmaceutical, cosmetic and other industries such as textile (colorant), biofuel (antioxidant additive) and sensors (sensing biologically relevant molecules). Phenylpropanoids are present in commercially available dietary supplements and skin care products. In this review, we have presented the current knowledge on the biosynthesis, occurrence, biological activities of phenylpropanoids and their derivatives, along with the mechanism of action and their potential applications in various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Anurag Khatkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Krishna Kant Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Lima M, Paiva de Sousa C, Fernandez-Prada C, Harel J, Dubreuil J, de Souza E. A review of the current evidence of fruit phenolic compounds as potential antimicrobials against pathogenic bacteria. Microb Pathog 2019; 130:259-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Christ-Ribeiro A, Graça C, Kupski L, Badiale-Furlong E, de Souza-Soares L. Cytotoxicity, antifungal and anti mycotoxins effects of phenolic compounds from fermented rice bran and Spirulina sp. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Effects of Maltodextrins on the Kinetics of Lycopene and Chlorogenic Acid Degradation in Dried Tomato. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061042. [PMID: 30884778 PMCID: PMC6471318 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Maltodextrins (MD) are frequently used as processing aids in tomato drying. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the addition of MD on the stability of lycopene and chlorogenic acid, which are the main lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidants in processed tomato, respectively. Tomato powder added with 10% MD (dextrose equivalents, DE 12) and a control tomato powder were stored in the water activity (aw) range 0.17–0.56, for 180 d at 30 °C. At the aw level of 0.17, which was below the monolayer moisture content (Mo), chlorogenic acid was stable, while lycopene content decreased faster in tomato added with MD than in control tomato, probably due to a decrease in matrix hydrophilicity and greater oxygen diffusion in the oil phase. Maximum stability occurred in both tomato powders at aw of 0.3, that was in close proximity to Mo (first-order rate constant for lycopene, k = 7.0 × 10−3 d−1 in tomato added with MD). At high aw levels, MD increased the rate of lycopene degradation with respect to the control, possibly by hampering its regeneration by chlorogenic acid, which conversely was found to be more stable than in the control tomato.
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