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Padoan F, Piccoli E, Pietrobelli A, Moreno LA, Piacentini G, Pecoraro L. The Role of Zinc in Developed Countries in Pediatric Patients: A 360-Degree View. Biomolecules 2024; 14:718. [PMID: 38927121 PMCID: PMC11201578 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an important trace element for growth and health at pediatric ages. Zinc is fundamental in inflammatory pathways, oxidative balance, and immune function. Zinc exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by modulating Nuclear Factor-kappa (NF-κB) activity and reducing histamine release from basophils, leukocytes, and mast cells. Furthermore, its antioxidant activity protects against oxidative damage and chronic diseases. Finally, zinc improves the ability to trigger effective immune responses against pathogens by contributing to the maturation of lymphocytes, the production of cytokines, and the regulation of apoptosis. Given these properties, zinc can be considered an adjunctive therapy in treating and preventing respiratory, nephrological, and gastrointestinal diseases, both acute and chronic. This review aims to deepen the role and metabolism of zinc, focusing on the role of supplementation in developed countries in pediatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Padoan
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Piccoli
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Angelo Pietrobelli
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD), Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50001 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Giorgio Piacentini
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Pecoraro
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
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2
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Atif AN, Hatefi A, Arven A, Foroumadi A, Kadkhodaei S, Sadjadi A, Siavoshi F. Consumption of non-antibacterial drugs may have negative impact on Helicobacter pylori colonization in the stomach. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27327. [PMID: 38495192 PMCID: PMC10943393 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nineteen non-antibacterials were examined to show that their consumption for treatment of other diseases may inhibit Helicobacter pylori. Four antibiotics were used for comparison. Materials and methods Agar dilution method was used to examine the susceptibility of 20 H. pylori isolates to 4 antibiotics; metronidazole (MTZ), clarithromycin (CLR), amoxicillin (AMX), tetracycline (TET) and 19 non-antibacterials; proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), H2-blockers, bismuth subsalicylate (BSS), antifungals, statins, acetaminophen (ACE), aspirin (ASA), B-vitamins (B-Vits; Vit B1, Vit B6 and Vit Bcomplex) and vitamin C (Vit C). Blood agar plates were prepared with different concentrations of drugs and spot-inoculated with bacterial suspensions. Plates were incubated at 37 °C under microaerobic conditions and examined after 3-5 days. The isolate #20 that was mucoid and resistant to 19 drugs, including MTZ and SMV was tested against combined MTZ (8 μg/mL) and SMV (100 μg/mL). Results were analyzed statistically. Results Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs, μg/mL) of drugs and the frequency of susceptible H. pylori were determined as MTZ (8, 80%), CLR (2, 90%), AMX (1, 100%), TET (0.5, 70%), PPIs (8-128, 80%), H2-blockers (2000-8000, 75-80%), BSS (15, 85%), antifungals (64-256, 30-80%), statins (100-250, 35-90%), ACE (40, 75%), ASA (800, 75%), B-Vits (5000-20000, 80-100%) and Vit C (2048, 85%). Susceptibility of H. pylori isolates to 16 out of 19 non-antimicrobials (75-100%) was almost similar to those of antibiotics (70-100%) (P-value >0.05). The highest susceptibility rate (100%) belonged to Vit B1, Vit B6 and AMX. Out of 20 H. pylori isolates, 17 (85%) were susceptible to ≥13 non-antimicrobials and 3 (15%) were susceptible to < 13 (P-value <0.05). Mucoid H. pylori showed susceptibility to combination of MTZ and SMV. Conclusions Most of non-antibacterials inhibited H. pylori isolates, similar to antibiotics but their MICs exceeded those of antibiotics and their plasma concentrations. At low plasma concentration, non-antimicrobials may act as weak antibacterials, antibiotic adjuvants and immunostimulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allah Nazar Atif
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Nangarhar University, Jalalabad, Afghanistan
| | - Atousa Hatefi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asadullah Arven
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Daykundi University, Nilli, Afghanistan
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Design & Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Kadkhodaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Sadjadi
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Siavoshi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Krikunova PV, Tolordava ER, Arkharova NA, Karimov DN, Bukreeva TV, Shirinian VZ, Khaydukov EV, Pallaeva TN. Riboflavin Crystals with Extremely High Water Solubility. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:5504-5512. [PMID: 38278768 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
New insights into the unique biochemical properties of riboflavin (Rf), also known as vitamin B2, are leading to the development of its use not only as a vitamin supplement but also as a potential anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antiviral agent, where it may play a role as an inhibitor of viral proteinases. At the same time, the comparison of the pharmacoactivity of Rf with its known metabolites, namely, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), is very complicated due to its poor water solubility: 0.1-0.3 g/L versus 67 g/L for FMN and 50 g/L for FAD, which is the limiting factor for its administration in clinical practice. In this study, we report the recrystallization procedure of the type A Rf crystals into the slightly hydrophobic type B/C and a new hydrophilic crystal form that has been termed the P type. Our method of Rf crystal modification based on recrystallization from dilute alkaline solution provides an unprecedented extremely high water solubility of Rf, reaching 23.5 g/L. A comprehensive study of the physicochemical properties of type P riboflavin showed increased photodynamic therapeutic activity compared to the known types A and B/C against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium. Importantly, our work not only demonstrates a simple and inexpensive method for the synthesis of riboflavin with high solubility, which should lead to increased bioactivity, but also opens up opportunities for improving both known and new therapeutic applications of vitamin B2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eteri R Tolordava
- Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | | | - Denis N Karimov
- FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | | | - Valerii Z Shirinian
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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El-Banna TES, Sonbol FI, Kamer AMA, Badr SAMM. Genetic diversity of macrolides resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates and the potential synergistic effect of vitamins, C and K 3. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:30. [PMID: 38245680 PMCID: PMC10799532 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrolide antibiotics have been extensively used for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections. However, the emergence of macrolide-resistant strains of S. aureus has become a major concern for public health. The molecular mechanisms underlying macrolide resistance in S. aureus are complex and diverse, involving both target site modification and efflux pump systems. In this study, we aim to overcome the molecular diversity of macrolide resistance mechanisms in S. aureus by identifying common molecular targets that could be exploited for the development of novel therapeutics. METHODS About 300 Staphylococcus aureus different isolates were recovered and purified from 921 clinical specimen including urine (88), blood (156), sputum (264), nasal swabs (168), pus (181) and bone (39) collected from different departments in Tanta University Hospital. Macrolide resistant isolates were detected and tested for Multi Drug Resistant (MDR). Gel electrophoresis was performed after the D test and PCR reaction for erm(A), (B), (C), msr(A), and mph(C) genes. Finally, we tried different combinations of Erythromycin or Azithromycin antibiotics with either vitamin K3 or vitamin C. RESULTS Macrolide resistance S. aureus isolates exhibited 7 major resistance patterns according to number of resistance markers and each pattern included sub patterns or subgroups. The PCR amplified products of different erm genes; analysis recorded different phenotypes of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates according to their different genotypes. In addition, our new tested combinations of Erythromycin and vitamin C, Erythromycin, and vitamin K3, Azithromycin and vitamin C and Azithromycin and vitamin K3 showed significant antibacterial effect when using every antibiotic alone. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of macrolide resistance in S. aureus and offer potential strategies for the development of novel protocols to overcome this emerging public health threat.
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Shahzad S, Willcox MDP, Rayamajhee B. A Review of Resistance to Polymyxins and Evolving Mobile Colistin Resistance Gene ( mcr) among Pathogens of Clinical Significance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1597. [PMID: 37998799 PMCID: PMC10668746 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The global rise in antibiotic resistance in bacteria poses a major challenge in treating infectious diseases. Polymyxins (e.g., polymyxin B and colistin) are last-resort antibiotics against resistant Gram-negative bacteria, but the effectiveness of polymyxins is decreasing due to widespread resistance among clinical isolates. The aim of this literature review was to decipher the evolving mechanisms of resistance to polymyxins among pathogens of clinical significance. We deciphered the molecular determinants of polymyxin resistance, including distinct intrinsic molecular pathways of resistance as well as evolutionary characteristics of mobile colistin resistance. Among clinical isolates, Acinetobacter stains represent a diversified evolution of resistance, with distinct molecular mechanisms of intrinsic resistance including naxD, lpxACD, and stkR gene deletion. On the other hand, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are usually resistant via the PhoP-PhoQ and PmrA-PmrB pathways. Molecular evolutionary analysis of mcr genes was undertaken to show relative relatedness across the ten main lineages. Understanding the molecular determinants of resistance to polymyxins may help develop suitable and effective methods for detecting polymyxin resistance determinants and the development of novel antimicrobial molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Shahzad
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Mark D. P. Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
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Max BL, Angolile CM, Raymond VG, Mashauri HL. The dawn of repurposing vitamins as potential novel antimicrobial agents: A call for global emergency response amidst AMR crisis. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1276. [PMID: 37216052 PMCID: PMC10199457 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Amidst, the global pandemic of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the rate at which AMR increases overwhelms the increased efforts to discover new effective antimicrobials. There is a persistent need for alternative treatment modalities so as to keep up with the pace. AMR is the leading cause of death in the world and its health and economic consequences suggest the urgent need for sustainable interventions. Vitamins have consistently proven to have antimicrobial activity as well as slowing down the AMR rate by influencing the AMR genes even towards extensive multidrug resistant strains. Evidences suggest that the use of some vitamins on their own or in combination with existing antimicrobial agents could be a breakthrough towards combating AMR. This will widen the antimicrobial agents' options in the treatment arena, preserve the antimicrobial agents susceptible to develop resistant so that they can be used in severe infections only, reduce the tension and burden of the AMR crisis significantly and give enough room for development of new antimicrobial agents. Moreover, almost all viral, fungal, parasitic and bacterial resistant strains of concern as listed by World Health Organization have been found to be sensitive to several vitamins either synergistically with other antimicrobials or independently. Considering their widened spectrum of immunomodulatory and antimicrobial effect, some vitamins can further be repositioned as prophylactic antimicrobial agents in clinical situations like in presurgeries prophylaxis so as to avoid unnecessary use of antimicrobials especially antibiotics. Various relevant AMR stakeholders should invest in clinical trials and systematic reviews with available data to enable quick repositioning of some potential vitamins as antimicrobial agents as an emergency rapid response towards AMR Crisis. This includes the preparation of guidelines containing specificity of which vitamin to be used for treatment of which type of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baraka L. Max
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public HealthKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Public HealthKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
| | - Cornel M. Angolile
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public HealthKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Public HealthKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Department of PhysiologyKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
| | - Vicky G. Raymond
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public HealthKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Department of Internal MedicineKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
| | - Harold L. Mashauri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public HealthKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Department of PhysiologyKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Department of Internal MedicineKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
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AlSaleh A, Shahid M, Farid E, Kamal N, Bindayna K. Synergistic antimicrobial effect of ascorbic acid and nicotinamide with rifampicin and vancomycin against SCC mec type IV methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Access Microbiol 2023; 5:000475.v4. [PMID: 36910508 PMCID: PMC9996180 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000475.v4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a pathogenic bacteria involved in a wide spectrum of human diseases. Many virulence factors promote this widespread propagation. One important factor is acquiring antibiotic resistance genes, which leads to a reduction in the availability and efficacy of therapy options. Recently, research has suggested that the remarkable antimicrobial effect of antioxidants against superbugs such as MRSA shows synergistic effects when accompanied by antimicrobial therapy. This paper aims to examine the synergistic effects of ascorbic acid and nicotinamide with a panel of antibiotics used in antimicrobial therapy against MRSA. Material and Methods. Two SCCmec type IV MRSA reference strains (EMRSA-15 and USA300) and 10 MRSA clinical isolates feature in this paper. SCCmec typing was conducted on the 10 clinical isolates via multiplex PCR after identification. Synergy experiments on antioxidants and antibiotics were evaluated via checkerboard assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each agent was determined in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M100 guidelines through twofold microdilution assay. Results and Discussion. Synergy (FIC <0.5) was demonstrated for ascorbic acid (1/2 to 1/4 MIC) with rifampicin (1/2 to 1/8 MIC), and also ascorbic acid (1/2 to 1/16 MIC) when associated with vancomycin (1/2 MIC). Similarly, nicotinamide (1/2 to 1/16 MIC) showed a synergistic effect when paired with low concentrations of rifampicin (1/2 to 1/16 MIC), and also (at 1/4 to 1/16 MIC) with vancomycin (1/2 MIC). All reduced MICs due to synergistic combinations demonstrated statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion. The synergistic activity demonstrated in associating antioxidants with antibiotics shows promise in managing superbugs. However, more research is required to better understand the mechanism of the synergy and for utilization in clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah AlSaleh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Mohammed Shahid
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Eman Farid
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Nermin Kamal
- AlSalmaniya Medical Complex, Microbiology Laboratory, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Khalid Bindayna
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
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Aman Mohammadi M, Farshi P, Ahmadi P, Ahmadi A, Yousefi M, Ghorbani M, Hosseini SM. Encapsulation of Vitamins Using Nanoliposome: Recent Advances and Perspectives. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:48-68. [PMID: 36721823 PMCID: PMC9871282 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays the importance of vitamins is clear for everyone. However, many patients are suffering from insufficient intake of vitamins. Incomplete intake of different vitamins from food sources due to their destruction during food processing or decrease in their bioavailability when mixing with other food materials, are factors resulting in vitamin deficiency in the body. Therefore, various lipid based nanocarriers such as nanoliposomes were developed to increase the bioavailability of bioactive compounds. Since the function of nanoliposomes containing vitamins on the body has a direct relationship with the quality of produced nanoliposomes, this review study was planned to investigate the several aspects of liposomal characteristics such as size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency on the quality of synthesized vitamin-loaded nanoliposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Aman Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Nutritional and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,These authors contributed equally in this Article
| | - Parastou Farshi
- Food Science Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan KS, USA.,These authors contributed equally in this Article
| | - Parisa Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azam Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousefi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marjan Ghorbani
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Corresponding Authors: Marjan Ghorbani, Tel: +98 41 33378165, Fax: +98 41 33378165, , and Seyede Marzieh Hosseini, Tel: +98 21 22622322, Fax: +98 21 22622322,
| | - Seyede Marzieh Hosseini
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Corresponding Authors: Marjan Ghorbani, Tel: +98 41 33378165, Fax: +98 41 33378165, , and Seyede Marzieh Hosseini, Tel: +98 21 22622322, Fax: +98 21 22622322,
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Elango J, Zamora-Ledezma C, Negrete-Bolagay D, Aza PND, Gómez-López VM, López-González I, Belén Hernández A, De Val JEMS, Wu W. Retinol-Loaded Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Based Hydrogels as Suitable Biomaterials with Antimicrobial Properties for the Proliferation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415623. [PMID: 36555266 PMCID: PMC9779207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels are well-known biomimetic 3D systems for mammalian cell cultures to mimic native tissues. Recently, several biomolecules were intended for use in PVA hydrogels to improve their biological properties. However, retinol, an important biomolecule, has not been combined with a PVA hydrogel for culturing bone marrow mesenchymal stem (BMMS) cells. Thus, for the first time, the effect of retinol on the physicochemical, antimicrobial, and cell proliferative properties of a PVA hydrogel was investigated. The ability of protein (3.15 nm) and mineral adsorption (4.8 mg/mL) of a PVA hydrogel was improved by 0.5 wt.% retinol. The antimicrobial effect of hydrogel was more significant in S. aureus (39.3 mm) than in E. coli (14.6 mm), and the effect was improved by increasing the retinol concentration. The BMMS cell proliferation was more upregulated in retinol-loaded PVA hydrogel than in the control at 7 days. We demonstrate that the respective in vitro degradation rate of retinol-loaded PVA hydrogels (RPH) (75-78% degradation) may promote both antibacterial and cellular proliferation. Interestingly, the incorporation of retinol did not affect the cell-loading capacity of PVA hydrogel. Accordingly, the fabricated PVA retinol hydrogel proved its compatibility in a stem cell culture and could be a potential biomaterial for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevithan Elango
- Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM-Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
- Correspondence: or (J.E.); (C.Z.-L.)
| | - Camilo Zamora-Ledezma
- Green and Innovative Technologies for Food, Environment and Bioengineering Research Group (FEnBeT), Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, UCAM-Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: or (J.E.); (C.Z.-L.)
| | - Daniela Negrete-Bolagay
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
| | - Piedad N. De Aza
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Vicente M. Gómez-López
- Green and Innovative Technologies for Food, Environment and Bioengineering Research Group (FEnBeT), Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, UCAM-Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ivan López-González
- Tissue Regeneration and Repair Group, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM-Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Hernández
- Tissue Regeneration and Repair Group, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM-Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Eduardo Maté Sánchez De Val
- Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM-Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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Marchianò V, Matos M, Serrano E, Álvarez JR, Marcet I, Carmen Blanco-López M, Gutiérrez G. Lyophilised nanovesicles loaded with vitamin B12. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Saied A, El Borolossy RM, Ramzy MA, Sabri NA. Effect of zinc versus vitamin A supplementation on pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:933998. [PMID: 36110532 PMCID: PMC9468708 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.933998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common infectious diseases affecting the respiratory tract and is responsible for a high mortality rate in children less than 5 years of age. The mortality rate due to CAP is much higher in low/middle-income countries than in high-income countries due to malnutrition and different micronutrient deficiencies that weaken the immune system. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of zinc and vitamin A, as two elements of micronutrient agents, on the recovery rate of children suffering from CAP aged from 6 months to 5 years. The length of hospital stays was also investigated. Method: A comparative, randomized, open-label, controlled, interventional study was carried out among children less than 5 years of age in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) diagnosed with CAP who were randomly divided into three groups. In addition to the standard therapy, group 1 was given zinc, group 2 was given vitamin A, and group 3 was the control group, given the standard therapy only. We compared the three groups in terms of recovery rate and hospital stay. Result: The duration of hospitalization following zinc and vitamin A supplementation was reduced by an average of 3.21 days (95% CI: 5.01–1.41, p = 0.01) and 2.43 days (95% CI: 4.29–0.57, p = 0.01), respectively, compared to the control group. In addition, the two groups of vitamin A and zinc supplementation were associated with a shorter duration of pneumonic effusion (p < 0.001) in comparison to the control group. Additionally, there was no significant difference between the effects of zinc and vitamin A when compared to each other in terms of duration of hospital stay and pneumatic effusion. Conclusion: The administration of zinc or vitamin A supplementation proved to be useful as an add-on therapy in community-acquired pneumonia, where it reduced the length of hospital stay and the duration of pneumonic effusion in pneumonic children less than 5 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Saied
- Clinical Pharmacist, Al Galaa Military Medical Complex, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Aya Saied,
| | | | | | - Nagwa A. Sabri
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Kumar Patle T, Shrivas K, Patle A, Patel S, Harmukh N, Kumar A. Simultaneous determination of B1, B3, B6 and C vitamins in green leafy vegetables using reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Chitosan crosslinking with pyridoxal 5-phosphate vitamer toward biocompatible hydrogels for in vivo applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1734-1743. [PMID: 34785198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B6 is an essential micronutrient in the mammalian diet, with role of coenzyme and synergistic effect with some antibiotics and antitumor drugs. Based on these, we hypothesized that its use for the preparation of hydrogels can yield multifunctional biomaterials suitable for in vivo applications. To this aim, chitosan was reacted with the active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal 5-phosphate, via acid condensation, when clear hydrogels were obtained. Their investigation by structural characterization methods proved that the hydrogelation was a consequence of both covalent imine formation and physical interactions. The novel hydrogels had microporous morphology and showed shrinking effect in phosphate buffer, indicating good shape preservation and slow dissolution in in vivo environment. Their enzymatic biodegradation could be controlled by the imination degree, varying from 40 to 61% in 21 days. They demonstrated very good in vitro cytocompatibility on normal human dermal fibroblasts cells and no harmful effect on experimental mice, confirming their safely use for in vivo application.
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Abstract
To resolve the growing problem of drug resistance in the treatment of bacterial and fungal pathogens, specific cellular targets and pathways can be used as targets for new antimicrobial agents. Endogenous riboflavin biosynthesis is a conserved pathway that exists in most bacteria and fungi. In this review, the roles of endogenous and exogenous riboflavin in infectious disease as well as several antibacterial agents, which act as analogues of the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway, are summarized. In addition, the effects of exogenous riboflavin on immune cells, cytokines, and heat shock proteins are described. Moreover, the immune response of endogenous riboflavin metabolites in infectious diseases, recognized by MHC-related protein-1, and then presented to mucosal associated invariant T cells, is highlighted. This information will provide a strategy to identify novel drug targets as well as highlight the possible clinical use of riboflavin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Lei
- Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyan Xin
- Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbi Chen
- Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangyong Song
- Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou People's Republic of China
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Medical-Grade Honey for the Treatment of Extravasation-Induced Injuries in Preterm Neonates: A Case Series. Adv Neonatal Care 2021; 21:122-132. [PMID: 32675576 DOI: 10.1097/anc.0000000000000781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preterm neonates often depend on peripheral intravenous administration of nutrition and medication. Since their skin is not fully developed and very vulnerable, extravasation injury is a risk. Medical-grade honey (MGH) possesses antimicrobial activity and stimulates wound healing; although its use in neonatal patients is limited. CLINICAL FINDINGS We present a case series of 7 preterm neonates (28-36 weeks of gestation) with extravasation injuries secondary to peripheral intravenous administration of total parental nutrition and medication. PRIMARY DIAGNOSIS Extravasation injury following the unintentional leakage of total parenteral nutrition, and medication into the surrounding tissue. Signs of extravasation include local pain, erythema, burning, pruritus, and/or swelling. INTERVENTIONS All extravasation injuries were treated with daily cleaning and application of MGH. Some of the cases needed additional surgical intervention or assisted debridement. OUTCOMES After treatment, all extravasation injury wounds presented with granulation tissue formation progressed to normal epithelialization and closed in 7 to 67 days (median: 32 days). Upon initial application, peripheral edema and inflammation decreased. When present, necrotic tissue was effectively debrided, slough was removed, and no signs of infection were detected, irrespective of initial wound presentations. Cicatrization was minimal, and the full range of motion was preserved in all cases. PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS Continuous and thorough assessment of peripheral intravenous line placement for malposition, leaking, and signs of extravasation is needed for fast discovery and prevention of further damage. CONCLUSION Medical-grade honey possesses antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative activity, enhancing wound healing. Medical-grade honey was safe and effective for treating extravasation-induced injuries, independent of location and severity. We recommend MGH for treating extravasation wounds and consideration for other types of wounds.
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Viault G, Kempf M, Ville A, Alsabil K, Perrot R, Richomme P, Hélesbeux JJ, Séraphin D. Semisynthetic Vitamin E Derivatives as Potent Antibacterial Agents against Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:881-890. [PMID: 33219748 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
New 5-substituted vitamin E derivatives were semisynthesized, and their antibacterial activity against human Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens was evaluated. Several vitamin E analogues were active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and/or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE); structure-activity relationships (SARs) are discussed. As a result, it is shown that the presence of a carboxylic acid function at the C-5 position and/or at the end of the side chain is crucial for the antibacterial activity. The bactericidal or bacteriostatic action of three compounds against MRSA and MRSE was confirmed in a time-kill kinetics study, and the cytotoxicity on human cells was evaluated. The preliminary mechanism study by confocal microscopy indicated that those vitamin E analogues led to bacterial cell death through membrane disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Viault
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Université d'Angers, SFR QUASAV, 16 bd. Daviers, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Marie Kempf
- Département de Biologie des Agents Infectieux, CHU Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49933, Angers cedex 01, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université d'Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49933, Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Alexia Ville
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Université d'Angers, SFR QUASAV, 16 bd. Daviers, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Khaled Alsabil
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Université d'Angers, SFR QUASAV, 16 bd. Daviers, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Rodolphe Perrot
- Service Commun d'Imageries et d'Analyses Microscopiques (SCIAM), Université d'Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49933, Angers cedex 01, France
| | - Pascal Richomme
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Université d'Angers, SFR QUASAV, 16 bd. Daviers, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Hélesbeux
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Université d'Angers, SFR QUASAV, 16 bd. Daviers, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Denis Séraphin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Université d'Angers, SFR QUASAV, 16 bd. Daviers, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France
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Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity of Supplemented Medical-Grade Honey against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Formation and Eradication. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9120866. [PMID: 33291554 PMCID: PMC7761815 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9120866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms hinder wound healing. Medical-grade honey (MGH) is a promising therapy because of its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and the lack of risk for resistance. This study investigated the inhibitory and eradicative activity against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by different established MGH-based wound care formulations. Six different natural wound care products (Medihoney, Revamil, Mebo, Melladerm, L-Mesitran Ointment, and L-Mesitran Soft) were tested in vitro. Most of them contain MGH only, whereas some were supplemented. L-Mesitran Soft demonstrated the most potent antimicrobial activity (6.08-log inhibition and 3.18-log eradication). Other formulations ranged between 0.89-log and 4.80-log inhibition and 0.65-log and 1.66-log eradication. Therefore, the contribution of different ingredients of L-Mesitran Soft was investigated in more detail. The activity of the same batch of raw MGH (1.38-log inhibition and 2.35-log eradication), vitamins C and E (0.95-log inhibition and 0.94-log eradication), and all ingredients except MGH (1.69-log inhibition and 0.75-log eradication) clearly support a synergistic activity of components within the L-Mesitran Soft formulation. Several presented clinical cases illustrate its clinical antimicrobial efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. In conclusion, MGH is a potent treatment for Pseudomonas biofilms. L-Mesitran Soft has the strongest antimicrobial activity, which is likely due to the synergistic activity mediated by its supplements.
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Current Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis Practices: A Survey of Orthopaedic Surgeons in India. Indian J Orthop 2020; 55:749-757. [PMID: 33995883 PMCID: PMC8081791 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-020-00306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) has become the standard of care in orthopaedic surgery. Inappropriate usage of antibiotics (dosage, strength, and/or administration time and duration) can inadvertently result in superadded infections and antimicrobial resistance. The purpose of this study was to document and analyse the prescription patterns for SAP, and to investigate the factors associated with divergence from standard guidelines. METHODS We conducted an online cross-sectional questionnaire-based study to collect information about the SAP practices of the members of the Indian Orthopaedic Association (IOA) using Google forms. A link to the questionnaire was sent by e-mails. RESULTS The overall response rate was 5.73%. While 97.3% respondents practised SAP routinely, the practice was not aligned with standard guidelines' recommendations. There was heterogeneity in the use of SAP in terms of choice of antibiotic(s), number of co-prescribed drugs, single- versus multiple-dose regimens, and the duration of therapy. The prescription practice patterns showed that orthopaedic surgeons almost always used broad-spectrum antibiotics for long durations, regardless of the type of surgery. CONCLUSION While Orthopaedic surgeons in India are practicing SAP, the pattern of antibiotic usage is heterogeneous. Variations were noted in the choice of antibiotics for different types of surgeries, time of administration, duration of usage in the postoperative period as well as co-prescriptions. This study highlights the urgent need for a comprehensive, rational, and robust national SAP policy for orthopaedic surgeries.
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Ahmed S, Sony SA, Chowdhury MB, Ullah MM, Paul S, Hossain T. Retention of antibiotic activity against resistant bacteria harbouring aminoglycoside-N-acetyltransferase enzyme by adjuvants: a combination of in-silico and in-vitro study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19381. [PMID: 33168871 PMCID: PMC7653040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76355-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interference with antibiotic activity and its inactivation by bacterial modifying enzymes is a prevailing mode of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Aminoglycoside antibiotics become inactivated by aminoglycoside-6′-N-acetyltransferase-Ib [AAC(6′)-Ib] of gram-negative bacteria which transfers an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to the antibiotic. The aim of the study was to disrupt the enzymatic activity of AAC(6′)-Ib by adjuvants and restore aminoglycoside activity as a result. The binding affinities of several vitamins and chemical compounds with AAC(6′)-Ib of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Shigella sonnei were determined by molecular docking method to screen potential adjuvants. Adjuvants having higher binding affinity with target enzymes were further analyzed in-vitro to assess their impact on bacterial growth and bacterial modifying enzyme AAC(6′)-Ib activity. Four compounds—zinc pyrithione (ZnPT), vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K-exhibited higher binding affinity to AAC(6′)-Ib than the enzyme’s natural substrate acetyl-CoA. Combination of each of these adjuvants with three aminoglycoside antibiotics—amikacin, gentamicin and kanamycin—were found to significantly increase the antibacterial activity against the selected bacterial species as well as hampering the activity of AAC(6′)-Ib. The selection process of adjuvants and the use of those in combination with aminoglycoside antibiotics promises to be a novel area in overcoming bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh.
| | - Sabrina Amita Sony
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Md Belal Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahib Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Shatabdi Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
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HARTMANN MINNJAS, MOUSAVI SORAYA, BERESWILL STEFAN, HEIMESAAT MARKUSM. Vitamin E as promising adjunct treatment option in the combat of infectious diseases caused by bacterial including multi-drug resistant pathogens - Results from a comprehensive literature survey. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2020; 10:193-201. [PMID: 33151163 PMCID: PMC7753978 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2020.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of antibiotics has provoked an emergence of various multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Infectious diseases that cannot be treated sufficiently with conventional antibiotic intervention strategies anymore constitue serious threats to human health. Therefore, current research focus has shifted to alternative, antibiotic-independent therapeutic approaches. In this context, vitamin E constitutes a promising candidate molecule due to its multi-faceted modes of action. Therefore, we used the PubMed database to perform a comprehensive literature survey reviewing studies addressing the antimicrobial properties of vitamin E against bacterial pathogens including MDR bacteria. The included studies published between 2010 and 2020 revealed that given its potent synergistic antimicrobial effects in combination with distinct antibiotic compounds, vitamin E constitutes a promising adjunct antibiotic treatment option directed against infectious diseases caused by MDR bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cenocepacia and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In conclusion, the therapeutic value of vitamin E for the treatment of bacterial infections should therefore be investigated in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - MARKUS M. HEIMESAAT
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Hasan M, Azim KF, Imran MAS, Chowdhury IM, Urme SRA, Parvez MSA, Uddin MB, Ahmed SSU. Comprehensive genome based analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus for identifying novel drug and vaccine molecules: Subtractive proteomics and vaccinomics approach. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237181. [PMID: 32813697 PMCID: PMC7444560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Vibrio parahaemolyticus has become a significant public health concern. The development of effective drugs and vaccines against Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the current research priority. Thus, we aimed to find out effective drug and vaccine targets using a comprehensive genome-based analysis. A total of 4822 proteins were screened from V. parahaemolyticus proteome. Among 16 novel cytoplasmic proteins, 'VIBPA Type II secretion system protein L' and 'VIBPA Putative fimbrial protein Z' were subjected to molecular docking with 350 human metabolites, which revealed that Eliglustat, Simvastatin and Hydroxocobalamin were the top drug molecules considering free binding energy. On the contrary, 'Sensor histidine protein kinase UhpB' and 'Flagellar hook-associated protein of 25 novel membrane proteins were subjected to T-cell and B-cell epitope prediction, antigenicity testing, transmembrane topology screening, allergenicity and toxicity assessment, population coverage analysis and molecular docking analysis to generate the most immunogenic epitopes. Three subunit vaccines were constructed by the combination of highly antigenic epitopes along with suitable adjuvant, PADRE sequence and linkers. The designed vaccine constructs (V1, V2, V3) were analyzed by their physiochemical properties and molecular docking with MHC molecules- results suggested that the V1 is superior. Besides, the binding affinity of human TLR-1/2 heterodimer and construct V1 could be biologically significant in the development of the vaccine repertoire. The vaccine-receptor complex exhibited deformability at a minimum level that also strengthened our prediction. The optimized codons of the designed construct was cloned into pET28a(+) vector of E. coli strain K12. However, the predicted drug molecules and vaccine constructs could be further studied using model animals to combat V. parahaemolyticus associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceuticals and Industrial Biotechnology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Faizul Azim
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdus Shukur Imran
- Department of Pharmaceuticals and Industrial Biotechnology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Ishtiak Malique Chowdhury
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Sorwer Alam Parvez
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Bashir Uddin
- Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Sayeem Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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Effects of Vitamin B2 Supplementation in Broilers Microbiota and Metabolome. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081134. [PMID: 32727134 PMCID: PMC7464963 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of the microbiome in broiler chickens holds great promise for the development of strategies for health maintenance and performance improvement. Nutritional strategies aimed at modulating the microbiota-host relationship can improve chickens' immunological status and metabolic fitness. Here, we present the results of a pilot trial aimed at analyzing the effects of a nutritional strategy involving vitamin B2 supplementation on the ileum, caeca and litter microbiota of Ross 308 broilers, as well as on the metabolic profile of the caecal content. Three groups of chickens were administered control diets and diets supplemented with two different dosages of vitamin B2. Ileum, caeca, and litter samples were obtained from subgroups of birds at three time points along the productive cycle. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region and NMR metabolomics were used to explore microbiota composition and the concentration of metabolites of interest, including short-chain fatty acids. Vitamin B2 supplementation significantly modulated caeca microbiota, with the highest dosage being more effective in increasing the abundance of health-promoting bacterial groups, including Bifidobacterium, resulting in boosted production of butyrate, a well-known health-promoting metabolite, in the caeca environment.
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Zhu L, Li C, Wang D. A novel ultraviolet illumination used in riboflavin photochemical method to inactivate drug-resistant bacteria in blood components. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 204:111782. [PMID: 32062389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet (UV) fluorescent lamp (FL) was applied in mainstream riboflavin photochemical method (RPM) to inactivate pathogens in blood components. Low UV irradiance emitted by UV-FL resulted in more time to achieve effective inactivation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A novel light emitting diode (LED) UV illumination with adjustable irradiance was developed by us. Two strains of drug-resistant bacteria (DRB), pan-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (PDRAB) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were cultured and used for evaluating the inactivation effectiveness of RPM using UV-LED or UV-FL against DRB in plasma or platelets. Three plasma factors and four platelet parameters were measured after treatments. RESULTS There was a linear relationship between UV-LED irradiance and electric current, the minimum UV irradiance was 24 mW/cm2, and the maximum was 258 mW/cm2. At the same UV dose of 15 J/cm2, inactivation effectiveness of UV-LED with 258 mW/cm2 against PDRAB in plasma or platelets were comparable to that of UV-FL with 16 mW/cm2, both above 98%. UV-FL treatment required 10-15 min, but UV-LED only required 1-2 min. However, MRSA showed a resistance to UV-LED (inactivation effectiveness was around 40%) compared with UV-FL (inactivation effectiveness was above 98%). The retention of fibrinogen, factor V, factor VII in plasma and platelet counts in platelets with UV-LED treatment were significantly higher than UV-FL at the same UV dose. CONCLUSION The treatment of RPM using UV-LED with high UV irradiance was able to dramatically shorten inactivation time against PDRAB in plasma or platelets and improve retention of blood components compared with UV-FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Zhu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.26 Huacai Road, Chenghua District, Chengdu, China.
| | - Changqing Li
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.26 Huacai Road, Chenghua District, Chengdu, China.
| | - Deqing Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
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Shahzad S, Willcox M, Shahzad A. Identification of novel in vitro antibacterial action of cloprostenol and evaluation of other non-antibiotics against multi-drug resistant A. baumannii. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2019; 73:72-75. [DOI: 10.1038/s41429-019-0244-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hermanns R, Cremers NA, Leeming JP, van der Werf ET. Sweet Relief: Determining the Antimicrobial Activity of Medical Grade Honey Against Vaginal Isolates of Candida albicans. J Fungi (Basel) 2019; 5:E85. [PMID: 31505796 PMCID: PMC6787731 DOI: 10.3390/jof5030085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is predicted to increase to almost 158 million cases annually by 2030. Extensive self-diagnosis and easily accessible over-the-counter (OTC) fungistatic drugs contribute to antifungal-resistance, illustrating the need for novel therapies. Honey possesses multiple antimicrobial mechanisms, and there is no antimicrobial resistance towards honey reported. We evaluated the susceptibility of five clinical isolates of Candida albicans and a control strain to regular honey and a medical grade honey (MGH) gel formulation (L-Mesitran, containing 40% honey and vitamins C and E) using an adapted version of the EUCAST protocol at pH 5.2, 4.6, and 4.0. 40% regular honey did not kill or inhibit C. albicans. In contrast, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of L-Mesitran was 25%-50%, while fungicidal effects occurred at a 50% concentration (MBC) of the MGH formulation, except for one strain which was not killed at pH 4.0. Overall, pH had little effect on antimicrobial activity. MGH formulation L-Mesitran has antimicrobial activity against C. albicans over a relevant pH range. The vitamin supplements or other components of L-Mesitran may enhance the antifungal activity of the honey. This study supports performing clinical trials for conditions, such as RVVC, to find an alternative to available OTC fungistatic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Hermanns
- Triticum Exploitatie B.V., Sleperweg 44, 6222NK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.H.)
| | - Niels A.J. Cremers
- Triticum Exploitatie B.V., Sleperweg 44, 6222NK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.H.)
| | - John P. Leeming
- Infection Sciences Department, Severn Pathology, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK;
| | - Esther T. van der Werf
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK;
- School of Medicine1, Taylor’s University, Jalan Taylor’s, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
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Vitamin C in the Presence of Sub-Inhibitory Concentration of Aminoglycosides and Fluoroquinolones Alters Proteus mirabilis Biofilm Inhibitory Rate. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8030116. [PMID: 31405233 PMCID: PMC6783857 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8030116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C has antimicrobial activity and is often used as an oral supplement accompanying antibiotic treatment in urinary tract infections (UTI). Proteus mirabilis is the third common species responsible for UTIs that are mostly treated with fluoroquinolones or aminoglycosides. Treatment of the UTI caused by P. mirabilis is problematic due to the ability to form biofilm on the urinary catheters. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of ascorbic acid in combination with antibiotics on P. mirabilis abilities to form biofilm. The susceptibility of P. mirabilis reference strain ATCC® 29906™ and four clinical strains isolated from the urine samples of patients with urinary catheter were evaluated according to EUCAST recommendations. The influence of ascorbic acid (0.4 mg × mL−1) in combination with antibiotics on biofilm formation was evaluated spectrophotometrically. Aminoglycosides at sub-inhibitory concentrations more successfully limited biofilm formation by P. mirabilis strains without ascorbic acid addition. Inhibition rate differences at the lowest concentrations of gentamicin and amikacin were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). Ascorbic acid addition to the culture medium limited the inhibitory effect of fluoroquinolones, facilitating biofilm formation by P. mirabilis strains. The addition of ascorbic acid during aminoglycosides therapy may disturb treatment of urinary tract infections related to the presence of P. mirabilis biofilm.
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Improved Postharvest Quality of Cold Stored Blueberry by Edible Coating Based on Composite Gum Arabic/Roselle Extract. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-019-02312-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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