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Galarde-López M, Velazquez-Meza ME, Godoy-Lozano EE, Carrillo-Quiroz BA, Cornejo-Juárez P, Sassoé-González A, Ponce-de-León A, Saturno-Hernández P, Alpuche-Aranda CM. Presence and Persistence of ESKAPEE Bacteria before and after Hospital Wastewater Treatment. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1231. [PMID: 38930614 PMCID: PMC11206169 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The metagenomic surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in wastewater has been suggested as a methodological tool to characterize the distribution, status, and trends of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this study, a cross-sectional collection of samples of hospital-associated raw and treated wastewater were obtained from February to March 2020. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were performed to characterize bacterial abundance and antimicrobial resistance gene analysis. The main bacterial phyla found in all the samples were as follows: Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. At the species level, ESKAPEE bacteria such as E. coli relative abundance decreased between raw and treated wastewater, but S. aureus, A. baumannii, and P. aeruginosa increased, as did the persistence of K. pneumoniae in both raw and treated wastewater. A total of 172 different ARGs were detected; blaOXA, blaVEB, blaKPC, blaGES, mphE, mef, erm, msrE, AAC(6'), ant(3″), aadS, lnu, PBP-2, dfrA, vanA-G, tet, and sul were found at the highest abundance and persistence. This study demonstrates the ability of ESKAPEE bacteria to survive tertiary treatment processes of hospital wastewater, as well as the persistence of clinically important antimicrobial resistance genes that are spreading in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Galarde-López
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos 62100, Mexico; (M.G.-L.); (E.E.G.-L.); (B.A.C.-Q.)
| | - Maria Elena Velazquez-Meza
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos 62100, Mexico; (M.G.-L.); (E.E.G.-L.); (B.A.C.-Q.)
| | - Elizabeth Ernestina Godoy-Lozano
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos 62100, Mexico; (M.G.-L.); (E.E.G.-L.); (B.A.C.-Q.)
| | - Berta Alicia Carrillo-Quiroz
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos 62100, Mexico; (M.G.-L.); (E.E.G.-L.); (B.A.C.-Q.)
| | - Patricia Cornejo-Juárez
- Departamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Alejandro Sassoé-González
- Unidad de Inteligencia Epidemiológica, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico;
| | - Alfredo Ponce-de-León
- Laboratorio Nacional de Máxima Seguridad para el Estudio de Tuberculosis y Enfermedades Emergentes, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Pedro Saturno-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Evaluación de Encuestas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos 62100, Mexico;
| | - Celia Mercedes Alpuche-Aranda
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos 62100, Mexico; (M.G.-L.); (E.E.G.-L.); (B.A.C.-Q.)
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Pauletto M, De Liguoro M. A Review on Fluoroquinolones' Toxicity to Freshwater Organisms and a Risk Assessment. J Xenobiot 2024; 14:717-752. [PMID: 38921651 PMCID: PMC11205205 DOI: 10.3390/jox14020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones (FQs) have achieved significant success in both human and veterinary medicine. However, regulatory authorities have recommended limiting their use, firstly because they can have disabling side effects; secondly, because of the need to limit the spread of antibiotic resistance. This review addresses another concerning consequence of the excessive use of FQs: the freshwater environments contamination and the impact on non-target organisms. Here, an overview of the highest concentrations found in Europe, Asia, and the USA is provided, the sensitivity of various taxa is presented through a comparison of the lowest EC50s from about a hundred acute toxicity tests, and primary mechanisms of FQ toxicity are described. A risk assessment is conducted based on the estimation of the Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC). This is calculated traditionally and, in a more contemporary manner, by constructing a normalized Species Sensitivity Distribution curve. The lowest individual HC5 (6.52 µg L-1) was obtained for levofloxacin, followed by ciprofloxacin (7.51 µg L-1), sarafloxacin and clinafloxacin (12.23 µg L-1), and ofloxacin (17.12 µg L-1). By comparing the calculated PNEC with detected concentrations, it is evident that the risk cannot be denied: the potential impact of FQs on freshwater ecosystems is a further reason to minimize their use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco De Liguoro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine & Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy;
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Skof A, Koller M, Baumert R, Hautz J, Treiber F, Kittinger C, Zarfel G. Comparison of the Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli Populations from Water and Biofilm in River Environments. Pathogens 2024; 13:171. [PMID: 38392909 PMCID: PMC10891912 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant, facultative pathogenic bacteria are commonly found in surface water; however, the factors influencing the spread and stabilization of antibiotic resistance in this habitat, particularly the role of biofilms, are not fully understood. The extent to which bacterial populations in biofilms or sediments exacerbate the problem for specific antibiotic classes or more broadly remains unanswered. In this study, we investigated the differences between the bacterial populations found in the surface water and sediment/biofilm of the Mur River and the Drava River in Austria. Samples of Escherichia coli were collected from both the water and sediment at two locations per river: upstream and downstream of urban areas that included a sewage treatment plant. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 21 antibiotics belonging to seven distinct classes. Additionally, isolates exhibiting either extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) or carbapenemase phenotypes were further analyzed for specific antimicrobial resistance genes. E. coli isolates collected from all locations exhibited resistance to at least one of the tested antibiotics; on average, isolates from the Mur and Drava rivers showed 25.85% and 23.66% resistance, respectively. The most prevalent resistance observed was to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid. Surprisingly, there was a similar proportion of resistant bacteria observed in both open water and sediment samples. The difference in resistance levels between the samples collected upstream and downstream of the cities was minimal. Out of all 831 isolates examined, 13 were identified as carrying ESBL genes, with 1 of these isolates also containing the gene for the KPC-2 carbapenemase. There were no significant differences between the biofilm (sediment) and open water samples in the occurrence of antibiotic resistance. For the E. coli populations in the examined rivers, the different factors in water and the sediment do not appear to influence the stability of resistance. No significant differences in antimicrobial resistance were observed between the bacterial populations collected from the biofilm (sediment) and open-water samples in either river. The different factors in water and the sediment do not appear to influence the stability of resistance. The minimal differences observed upstream and downstream of the cities could indicate that the river population already exhibits generalized resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Skof
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.S.); (F.T.)
| | - Michael Koller
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.K.); (R.B.); (J.H.); (C.K.)
| | - Rita Baumert
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.K.); (R.B.); (J.H.); (C.K.)
| | - Jürgen Hautz
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.K.); (R.B.); (J.H.); (C.K.)
| | - Fritz Treiber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.S.); (F.T.)
| | - Clemens Kittinger
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.K.); (R.B.); (J.H.); (C.K.)
| | - Gernot Zarfel
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.K.); (R.B.); (J.H.); (C.K.)
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Verma S, Kuila A, Jacob S. Role of Biofilms in Waste Water Treatment. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5618-5642. [PMID: 36094648 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm cells have a different physiology than planktonic cells, which has been the focus of most research. Biofilms are complex biostructures that form on any surface that comes into contact with water on a regular basis. They are dynamic, structurally complex systems having characteristics of multicellular animals and multiple ecosystems. The three themes covered in this review are biofilm ecology, biofilm reactor technology and design, and biofilm modeling. Membrane-supported biofilm reactors, moving bed biofilm reactors, granular sludge, and integrated fixed-film activated sludge processes are all examples of biofilm reactors used for water treatment. Biofilm control and/or beneficial application in membrane processes are improving. Biofilm models have become critical tools for biofilm foundational research as well as biofilm reactor architecture and design. At the same time, the differences between biofilm modeling and biofilm reactor modeling methods are acknowledged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samakshi Verma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Arindam Kuila
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, 304022, India.
| | - Samuel Jacob
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Chengalpattu Dist., Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Flores-Vargas G, Korber DR, Bergsveinson J. Sub-MIC antibiotics influence the microbiome, resistome and structure of riverine biofilm communities. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1194952. [PMID: 37593545 PMCID: PMC10427767 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1194952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antibiotics on aquatic environments is not yet fully understood. Here, we explore these effects by employing a replicated microcosm system fed with river water where biofilm communities were continuously exposed over an eight-week period to sub-MIC exposure (1/10, 1/50, and 1/100 MIC) to a mix of common antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, and oxytetracycline). Biofilms were examined using a structure-function approach entailing microscopy and metagenomic techniques, revealing details on the microbiome, resistome, virulome, and functional prediction. A comparison of three commonly used microbiome and resistome databases was also performed. Differences in biofilm architecture were observed between sub-MIC antibiotic treatments, with an overall reduction of extracellular polymeric substances and autotroph (algal and cyanobacteria) and protozoan biomass, particularly at the 1/10 sub-MIC condition. While metagenomic analyses demonstrated that microbial diversity was lowest at the sub-MIC 1/10 antibiotic treatment, resistome diversity was highest at sub-MIC 1/50. This study also notes the importance of benchmarking analysis tools and careful selection of reference databases, given the disparity in detected antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) identity and abundance across methods. Ultimately, the most detected ARGs in sub-MICs exposed biofilms were those that conferred resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, β-lactams, sulfonamides, and trimethoprim. Co-occurrence of microbiome and resistome features consistently showed a relationship between Proteobacteria genera and aminoglycoside ARGs. Our results support the hypothesis that constant exposure to sub-MICs antibiotics facilitate the transmission and promote prevalence of antibiotic resistance in riverine biofilms communities, and additionally shift overall microbial community metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darren R. Korber
- Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jordyn Bergsveinson
- Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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6
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Marutescu LG, Popa M, Gheorghe-Barbu I, Barbu IC, Rodríguez-Molina D, Berglund F, Blaak H, Flach CF, Kemper MA, Spießberger B, Wengenroth L, Larsson DGJ, Nowak D, Radon K, de Roda Husman AM, Wieser A, Schmitt H, Pircalabioru Gradisteanu G, Vrancianu CO, Chifiriuc MC. Wastewater treatment plants, an "escape gate" for ESCAPE pathogens. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1193907. [PMID: 37293232 PMCID: PMC10244645 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1193907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are an essential tool of modern medicine, contributing to significantly decreasing mortality and morbidity rates from infectious diseases. However, persistent misuse of these drugs has accelerated the evolution of antibiotic resistance, negatively impacting clinical practice. The environment contributes to both the evolution and transmission of resistance. From all anthropically polluted aquatic environments, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are probably the main reservoirs of resistant pathogens. They should be regarded as critical control points for preventing or reducing the release of antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) into the natural environment. This review focuses on the fate of the pathogens Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium difficile, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacteriaceae spp. (ESCAPE) in WWTPs. All ESCAPE pathogen species, including high-risk clones and resistance determinants to last-resort antibiotics such as carbapenems, colistin, and multi-drug resistance platforms, were detected in wastewater. The whole genome sequencing studies demonstrate the clonal relationships and dissemination of Gram-negative ESCAPE species into the wastewater via hospital effluents and the enrichment of virulence and resistance determinants of S. aureus and enterococci in WWTPs. Therefore, the efficiency of different wastewater treatment processes regarding the removal of clinically relevant ARB species and ARGs, as well as the influence of water quality factors on their performance, should be explored and monitored, along with the development of more effective treatments and appropriate indicators (ESCAPE bacteria and/or ARGs). This knowledge will allow the development of quality standards for point sources and effluents to consolidate the WWTP barrier role against the environmental and public health AR threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Gabriela Marutescu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marcela Popa
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Gheorghe-Barbu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ilda Czobor Barbu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daloha Rodríguez-Molina
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology – IBE, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Fanny Berglund
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research in Gothenburg (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hetty Blaak
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Carl-Fredrik Flach
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research in Gothenburg (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Merel Aurora Kemper
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Beate Spießberger
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Wengenroth
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - D. G. Joakim Larsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research in Gothenburg (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Radon
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ana Maria de Roda Husman
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Andreas Wieser
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Heike Schmitt
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Gratiela Pircalabioru Gradisteanu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Romanian Academy of Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corneliu Ovidiu Vrancianu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- The Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
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Engin AB, Engin ED, Engin A. Effects of co-selection of antibiotic-resistance and metal-resistance genes on antibiotic-resistance potency of environmental bacteria and related ecological risk factors. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 98:104081. [PMID: 36805463 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The inadequate elimination of micropollutants in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), cause to increase in the incidence of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains. Growth of microbial pathogens in WWTP is one of the serious public health problems. The widespread and simultaneous emergence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs) in the environment with heavy metals create persistent and selective pressure for co-selection of both genes on environmental microorganisms. Co-localization of ARGs and HMRGs on the same horizontal mobile genetic elements (MGEs) allows the spreading of numerous antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria in aquatic and terrestrial environment. The biofilm formation and colonization potential of environmental bacteria leads to the co-selection of multi-antibiotic resistance and multi-metal tolerance. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), co-localization of both ARGs and HMRGs on the same MGEs, and the shared resistomes are important bacteria-associated ecological risks factors, which reduce the effectiveness of antibiotics against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Evren Doruk Engin
- Ankara University, Biotechnology Institute, Gumusdere Campus, Kecioren, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Atilla Engin
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Ankara, Turkey
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Yang L, Luo Y, Zhou Y, Huang C, Shen X. Specific nanoantibiotics for selective removal of antibiotic-resistant bacteria: New insights in bacterial imprinting based on interfacial biomimetic mineralization. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130254. [PMID: 36356522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has been a worsening global concern and selective elimination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) while retaining the co-existed beneficial bacteria has been essential in environmental protection, which having attracted considerable interest. In this work, by integrating the whole cell imprinting and epitope imprinting strategy, magnetic bacterial imprinted polymers (BIPs) towards ARB were synthesized with interfacial biomimetic mineralization followed by a screening process. The binding data showed that the BIPs owned highly specific affinity towards the target bacteria. Taking advantage of this specific binding ability of BIPs, a two-step selective antimicrobial approach was developed. Remarkably, the BIP nanoantibiotics (nAbts) could efficiently destroy ARB without harming the beneficial bacteria. In comparison with the non-bacterial imprinted polymers, the biocompatible BIP nAbts showed a 12.5-fold increase in the survival percentage for the beneficial bacteria in wastewater. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that bacterial imprinting via interfacial biomimetic mineralization was developed, and also the first report of killing ARB without harming the beneficial bacteria in wastewater. We believe that this strategy provides a new insight into the design of novel affinity materials for the selective elimination of ARB in biological treatment for environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yaoyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yikai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Chuixiu Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Xiantao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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9
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Mokarram M, Pourghasemi HR, Huang K, Zhang H. Investigation of water quality and its spatial distribution in the Kor River basin, Fars province, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112294. [PMID: 34755610 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As one of the largest rivers in the southwest of Iran, the Kor River plays an important role in local economy and ecosystem. However, the rapid development of industry has caused significant pollution in this river in recent years. Despite of a number of studies reported on this river regarding water pollution, few have conducted a comprehensive investigation of a wide range of water quality parameters to map the current pollution status. This study focuses on 21 water quality parameters around the industrial centers of the Kor River basin with samples taken from 25 stations. With the measured parameters, the interpolation maps of each parameter were determined using the Kriging method, and the water quality was quantified using the Water Quality Index (WQI) method. The results showed that the WQI values were between 28 and 73, showing more pollution around the factories than in the upstream areas. The results of the principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that BOD, COD, NO3-, and coliforms were the most important parameters among the 21 parameters affecting the water quality. Linear regression results suggested that the best parameters for determining coliforms and WQI values were BOD, and Cr, PO43-, Hg and Zn levels, respectively, with R2 greater than 0.87. These results can also simplify the prediction of coliforms and WQI using only a few parameters. We further found that flatter regions generally had more pollution, primarily due to pollutant accumulation as a result of water stagnation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Mokarram
- Department of Range and Watershed Management, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Geography, Faculty of Economics, Management and Social Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Pourghasemi
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Kuan Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States
| | - Huichun Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States.
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10
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Flores-Vargas G, Bergsveinson J, Lawrence JR, Korber DR. Environmental Biofilms as Reservoirs for Antimicrobial Resistance. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:766242. [PMID: 34970233 PMCID: PMC8713029 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.766242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the response of microbial communities to a range of antibiotic concentrations is one of the strategies used to understand the impact of antibiotic resistance. Many studies have described the occurrence and prevalence of antibiotic resistance in microbial communities from reservoirs such as hospitals, sewage, and farm feedlots, where bacteria are often exposed to high and/or constant concentrations of antibiotics. Outside of these sources, antibiotics generally occur at lower, sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs). The constant exposure to low concentrations of antibiotics may serve as a chemical "cue" that drives development of antibiotic resistance. Low concentrations of antibiotics have not yet been broadly described in reservoirs outside of the aforementioned environments, nor is the transfer and dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes within natural microbial communities fully understood. This review will thus focus on low antibiotic-concentration environmental reservoirs and mechanisms that are important in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance to help identify key knowledge gaps concerning the environmental resistome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John R Lawrence
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Darren R Korber
- Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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11
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Udebuani AC, Pereao O, Akharame MO, Fatoki OS, Opeolu BO. Acute toxicity of piggery effluent and veterinary pharmaceutical cocktail on freshwater organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:293. [PMID: 33893596 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09085-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intensive livestock farming has increased the use of veterinary pharmaceuticals in many developing countries, and this is considered a significant concern to the freshwater ecosystem. However, the information on the potential acute toxicity of piggery effluent waste and the veterinary pharmaceutical effluent discharged into the aquatic environment is limited. This study assessed the adverse effect of a piggery effluent and the cocktail mixtures of high- and low-level doses of three frequently occurring veterinary pharmaceuticals (tetracycline (TETR), ivermectin (IVER), and salicylic acid (SALA)) on freshwater organisms using three representative freshwater biotests organisms: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (P. subcapitata), Daphnia magna (D. magna), and Tetrahymena thermophila (T. thermophila). The freshwater organism test results showed that the 24-h and 48-h EC50 algal toxicity to P. subcapitata exposed to 10% unfiltered piggery effluent were 25.6 and 49.3% respectively while the 24-h LC50 value to Cladocera, D. magna exposed to unfiltered piggery effluent was 23.2 (17.7-30.4)%. The 24-h EC50 protozoan toxicity to T. thermophila exposed to 1% HLD veterinary pharmaceuticals was 0.014 μg/L. Thus, the study established the different sensitivities of freshwater organisms to various percentage levels of piggery effluent and high- and low-level doses of veterinary pharmaceutical. The piggery effluent and the pharmaceutical cocktail mixtures have potential toxicological effects on the freshwater ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Udebuani
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Owerri, PMB 1526, Nigeria
| | - Omoniyi Pereao
- Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Research Group, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa.
| | - Michael O Akharame
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Olalekan S Fatoki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Beatrice O Opeolu
- Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Research Group, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
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12
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A Novel Biofilm Model System to Visualise Conjugal Transfer of Vancomycin Resistance by Environmental Enterococci. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040789. [PMID: 33918930 PMCID: PMC8070047 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococci and biofilm-associated infections are a growing problem worldwide, given the rise in antibiotic resistance in environmental and clinical settings. The increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance and its propagation potential within enterococcal biofilm is a concern. This requires a deeper understanding of how enterococcal biofilm develops, and how antibiotic resistance transfer takes place in these biofilms. Enterococcal biofilm assays, incorporating the study of antibiotic resistance transfer, require a system which can accommodate non-destructive, real-time experimentation. We adapted a Gene Frame® combined with fluorescence microscopy as a novel non-destructive platform to study the conjugal transfer of vancomycin resistance in an established enterococcal biofilm.A multi-purpose fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) probe, in a novel application, allowed the identification of low copy number mobile elements in the biofilm. Furthermore, a Hoechst stain and ENU 1470 FISH probe identified Enterococcus faecium transconjugants by excluding Enterococcus faecalis MF06036 donors. Biofilm created with a rifampicin resistant E. faecalis (MW01105Rif) recipient had a transfer efficiency of 2.01 × 10-3; double that of the biofilm primarily created by the donor (E. faecalis MF06036). Conjugation in the mixed enterococcal biofilm was triple the efficiency of donor biofilm. Double antibiotic treatment plus lysozyme combined with live/dead imaging provided fluorescent micrographs identifying de novo enterococcal vancomycin resistant transconjugants inside the biofilm. This is a model system for the further study of antibiotic resistance transfer events in enterococci. Biofilms promote the survival of enterococci and reduce the effectiveness of drug treatment in clinical settings, hence giving enterococci an advantage. Enterococci growing in biofilms exchange traits by means of horizontal gene transfer, but currently available models make study difficult. This work goes some way to providing a non-destructive, molecular imaging-based model system for the detection of antibiotic resistance gene transfer in enterococci.
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Hospital Wastewater-Important Source of Multidrug Resistant Coliform Bacteria with ESBL-Production. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217827. [PMID: 33114613 PMCID: PMC7663260 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This work compares the prevalence of antibiotic resistant coliform bacteria in hospital wastewater effluents in Slovak (SR) and Czech Republic (ČR). It also describes selected antibiotic resistant isolates in view of resistance mechanism and virulence factor. The highest number of multidrug resistant bacteria was detected in samples from the hospital in Valašské Meziříčí (ČR). More than half of resistant isolates showed multidrug resistance phenotype as well as strong ability to form biofilm. In 42% of isolates efflux pump overproduction was detected together with tetA and tetE genes. The production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases in coliform isolates was encoded mainly by blaTEM, blaCTX-M-2 and blaCTX-M-8/25 genes. About 62% of resistants contained a combination of two or more extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) genes. Our results strengthen the fact that hospital effluents are a source of multidrug resistant bacteria which can spread their resistance genes to other bacteria in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Accordingly, hospital wastewater should be better treated before it enters urban sewerage.
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14
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Penesyan A, Paulsen IT, Gillings MR, Kjelleberg S, Manefield MJ. Secondary Effects of Antibiotics on Microbial Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2109. [PMID: 32983070 PMCID: PMC7492572 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are assemblages of microorganisms attached to each other, or to a surface, and encased in a protective, self-produced matrix. Such associations are now recognized as the predominant microbial growth mode. The physiology of cells in biofilms differs from that of the planktonic cells on which most research has been conducted. Consequently, there are significant gaps in our knowledge of the biofilm lifestyle. Filling this gap is particularly important, given that biofilm cells may respond differently to antibiotics than do planktonic cells of the same species. Understanding the effects of antibiotics on biofilms is of paramount importance for clinical practice due to the increased levels of antibiotic resistance and resistance dissemination in biofilms. From a wider environmental perspective antibiotic exposure can alter the ecology of biofilms in nature, and hence disrupt ecosystems. Biofilm cells display increased resilience toward antibiotics. This resilience is often explained by mechanisms and traits such as decreased antibiotic penetration, metabolically inactive persister cells, and intrinsic resistance by members of the biofilm community. Together, these factors suggest that cells in biofilms are often exposed to subinhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial agents. Here we discuss how cells in biofilms are affected by the presence of antibiotics at subinhibitory concentrations, and the possible ramifications of such secondary effects for healthcare and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahit Penesyan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian T. Paulsen
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael R. Gillings
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael J. Manefield
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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15
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Makowska N, Philips A, Dabert M, Nowis K, Trzebny A, Koczura R, Mokracka J. Metagenomic analysis of β-lactamase and carbapenemase genes in the wastewater resistome. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 170:115277. [PMID: 31756613 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and spread of resistance to antibiotics among bacteria is the most serious global threat to public health in recent and coming decades. In this study, we characterized qualitatively and quantitatively β-lactamase and carbapenemase genes in the wastewater resistome of Central Wastewater Treatment Plant in Koziegłowy, Poland. The research concerns determination of the frequency of genes conferring resistance to β-lactam and carbapenem antibiotics in the genomes of culturable bacteria, as well as in the wastewater metagenome at three stages of treatment: raw sewage, aeration tank, and final effluent. In the final effluent we found bacteria with genes that pose the greatest threat to public health, including genes of extended spectrum β-lactamases - blaCTX-M, carbapenemases - blaNDM, blaVIM, blaGES, blaOXA-48, and showed that during the wastewater treatment their frequency increased. Moreover, the wastewater treatment process leads to significant increase in the relative abundance of blaTEM and blaGES genes and tend to increase the relative abundance of blaCTX-M, blaSHV and blaOXA-48 genes in the effluent metagenome. The biodiversity of bacterial populations increased during the wastewater treatment and there was a correlation between the change in the composition of bacterial populations and the variation of relative abundance of β-lactamase and carbapenemase genes. PCR-based quantitative metagenomic analysis combined with analyses based on culture methods provided significant information on the routes of ARBs and ARGs spread through WWTP. The limited effectiveness of wastewater treatment processes in the elimination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes impose the need to develop an effective strategy and implement additional methods of wastewater disinfection, in order to limit the increase and the spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Makowska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Philips
- European Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mirosława Dabert
- Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nowis
- European Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Artur Trzebny
- Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ryszard Koczura
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Mokracka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland.
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16
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Evidence of mutations conferring resistance to clarithromycin in wastewater and activated sludge. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:7. [PMID: 31832295 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1989-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of clarithromycin in wastewater samples and of the activated sludge bacteria possibly resistant to this pharmaceutical was the object of the study. Samples of wastewater or activated sludge were taken from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in summer and winter and characterised regarding their clarithromycin concentrations and the presence of nucleic acid fragments (Cla-sequences) known to be responsible for clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori. The concentrations of clarithromycin in raw wastewater were about 1086-2271 ng/L. Around 50-60% less of the pharmaceutical was found in treated wastewater. The concentrations were much higher in winter samples, as compared to summer samples. The clarithromycin resistance markers in H. pylori were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridisation in activated sludge bacterial cells. Cla-sequences were found in all the detected Proteobacteria, independently of the sampling season. Among nitrifying or phosphate or glycogen accumulating bacteria only Nitrosomonas spp. revealed presence of the clarithromycin sequences.
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17
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Karley D, Shukla SK, Rao TS. Microbiota of spent nuclear fuel pool water with emphasis on their biofilm forming ability on stainless steel (SS-304L). J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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18
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Zhang H, He H, Chen S, Huang T, Lu K, Zhang Z, Wang R, Zhang X, Li H. Abundance of antibiotic resistance genes and their association with bacterial communities in activated sludge of wastewater treatment plants: Geographical distribution and network analysis. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 82:24-38. [PMID: 31133267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are deemed reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Bacterial phylogeny can shape the resistome in activated sludge. However, the co-occurrence and interaction of ARGs abundance and bacterial communities in different WWTPs located at continental scales are still not comprehensively understood. Here, we applied quantitative PCR and Miseq sequence approaches to unveil the changing profiles of ARGs (sul1, sul2, tetW, tetQ, tetX), intI1 gene, and bacterial communities in 18 geographically distributed WWTPs. The results showed that the average relative abundance of sul1and sul2 genes were 2.08 × 10-1 and 1.32 × 10-1 copies/16S rRNA copies, respectively. The abundance of tetW gene was positively correlated with the Shannon diversity index (H'), while both studied sul genes had significant positive relationship with the intI1gene. The highest average relative abundances of sul1, sul2, tetX, and intI1 genes were found in south region and oxidation ditch system. Network analysis found that 16 bacterial genera co-occurred with tetW gene. Co-occurrence patterns were revealed distinct community interactions between aerobic/anoxic/aerobic and oxidation ditch systems. The redundancy analysis model plot of the bacterial community composition clearly demonstrated that the sludge samples were significant differences among those from the different geographical areas, and the shifts in bacterial community composition were correlated with ARGs. Together, these findings from the present study will highlight the potential risks of ARGs and bacterial populations carrying these ARGs, and enable the development of suitable technique to control the dissemination of ARGs from WWTPs into aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Huiyan He
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Shengnan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Tinglin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Kuanyu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xueyao Zhang
- Xi'an Environmental Monitoring Center, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Abstract
Abstract
Subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics and biocides in wastewaters and sewage sludge have a great impact on the development of antibiotic resistance and its spread among bacteria. The aim of this work was to determine the occurrence of coliform bacteria and enterococci resistant to biocide triclosan in samples of sewage sludge. Subsequently, isolated strains of coliform bacteria were identified and characterized in terms of their antibiotic susceptibility and ability to form a biofilm. Occurrence of the studied bacteria was monitored in three samples of stabilized sludge from three different wastewater treatment plants (Vrakuňa, Petržalka, and Senec). The number of triclosan-resistant coliforms was the highest in the sludge sample from the wastewater treatment plant in Senec and the lowest in the sludge sample from the wastewater treatment plant in Petržalka. Triclosan-resistant Enterococcus spp. were not found in any sample of stabilized sludge. Most isolates were identified as Citrobacter freundii and Serratia spp. Triclosan-resistant isolates showed also resistance to antibiotics and the majority of them were strong biofilm producers.
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20
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Lépesová K, Olejníková P, Mackuľak T, Tichý J, Birošová L. Annual changes in the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant coliform bacteria and enterococci in municipal wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:18470-18483. [PMID: 31049859 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater contains subinhibitory concentrations of different micropollutants such as antibiotics that create selective pressure on bacteria. This phenomenon is also caused by insufficient wastewater treatment technology leading to the development and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes into the environment. Therefore, this work focused on monitoring of antibiotic-resistant coliform bacteria and enterococci in influent and effluent wastewaters taken from the second biggest wastewater treatment plant (Petržalka) in the capital of Slovakia during 1 year. Antibiotic-resistant strains were isolated, identified, and characterized in terms of susceptibility and biofilm production. All of 27 antibiotic-resistant isolates were identified mainly as Morganella morganii, Citrobacter spp., and E. coli. Multidrug-resistance was detected in 58% of isolated strains. All tested isolates could form biofilm; two strains were very strong producers, and 74% formed biofilm by strong intensity. The flow rate of the influent wastewater had a more significant impact on the number of studied bacteria than the temperature. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristína Lépesová
- Department of Nutrition and Food Quality Assessment, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Petra Olejníková
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Mackuľak
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Tichý
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Birošová
- Department of Nutrition and Food Quality Assessment, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
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21
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Marković ZM, Kováčová M, Humpolíček P, Budimir MD, Vajďák J, Kubát P, Mičušík M, Švajdlenková H, Danko M, Capáková Z, Lehocký M, Todorović Marković BM, Špitalský Z. Antibacterial photodynamic activity of carbon quantum dots/polydimethylsiloxane nanocomposites against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 26:342-349. [PMID: 31022579 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite great efforts, the design of antibacterial surfaces is still a challenge. In this work, results of structural, mechanical, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of hydrophobic carbon quantum dots/polydimethylsiloxane surfaces are presented. Antibacterial action of this surface is based on the generation of reactive oxygen species which cause bacteria damage by oxidative stress. At the same time, this surface was not cytotoxic towards the NIH/3T3 cells. Swelling-encapsulation-shrink method is applied for encapsulation of hydrophobic carbon quantum dots in medical grade silicone-polydimethylsiloxane. XPS and photoluminescence spectroscopy analyses confirm that hydrophobic carbon quantum dots have been encapsulated successfully into polydimethylsiloxane polymer matrix. Based on stress-strain test the improvement of mechanical properties of these nanocomposites is established. It is shown by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and luminescence method that nanocomposite generates singlet oxygen initiated by 470 nm blue light irradiation. Antibacterial testing shows the nanocomposite in the form of foil kills Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae and is very effective after only a 15 min irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran M Marković
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O.B. 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Mária Kováčová
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petr Humpolíček
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Milica D Budimir
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O.B. 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jan Vajďák
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kubát
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Mičušík
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Helena Švajdlenková
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Danko
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zdenka Capáková
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Lehocký
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, Zlín, Czech Republic
| | | | - Zdeno Špitalský
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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