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Wang L, Liu G, Ma D, Zeng H, Wang Y, Luo C, Zhang J, Xu Z. Next-generation sequencing for genetic testing of hearing loss populations. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 552:117693. [PMID: 38056549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hearing loss is a common sensorineural disease with genetic heterogeneity. More than 140 genes are known to cause hereditary hearing loss. We aim to uncover the etiologies of hearing loss and provide patients with reasonable reproductive choices. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total 825 participants were recruited, including 74 individuals, 47 couples, and 219 families, to identify the molecular etiologies of hearing loss using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Novel mutations were verified with a minigene splicing assay and the construction of three-dimensional protein models. RESULTS A positive molecular diagnosis was obtained for 244 patients, a rate of 63.05 %. Total 470 mutations were identified in 18 causative genes in positive patients. The most common genes mutated were GJB2 and SLC26A4. 47 novel mutations were identified. Further analysis predicted that two splicing mutations would cause abnormal mRNA splicing and three missense mutations would affect the protein structure. The results of prenatal diagnosis showed that the genotypes of 15 fetuses were the same as the probands. CONCLUSION Our findings expand the mutation spectrum of hearing loss and highlight the importance of genetic diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis to allow accurate and personalized guidance for those at high risk of deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dingyuan Ma
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huasha Zeng
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuguo Wang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyu Luo
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhengfeng Xu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu, China.
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Ma S, Li X, Cao R, Zhan G, Fu X, Xiao R, Yang Z. Developmentally regulated expression of integrin alpha-6 distinguishes neural crest derivatives in the skin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1140554. [PMID: 37255601 PMCID: PMC10225710 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1140554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural crest-derived cells play essential roles in skin function and homeostasis. However, how they interact with environmental cues and differentiate into functional skin cells remains unclear. Using a combination of single-cell data analysis, neural crest lineage tracing, and flow cytometry, we found that the expression of integrin α6 (ITGA6) in neural crest and its derivatives was developmentally regulated and that ITGA6 could serve as a functional surface marker for distinguishing neural crest derivatives in the skin. Based on the expression of ITGA6, Wnt1-Cre lineage neural crest derivatives in the skin could be categorized into three subpopulations, namely, ITGA6bright, ITGA6dim, and ITGA6neg, which were found to be Schwann cells, melanocytes, and fibroblasts, respectively. We further analyzed the signature genes and transcription factors that specifically enriched in each cell subpopulation, as well as the ligand or receptor molecules, mediating the potential interaction with other cells of the skin. Additionally, we found that Hmx1 and Lhx8 are specifically expressed in neural crest-derived fibroblasts, while Zic1 and homeobox family genes are expressed in mesoderm-derived fibroblasts, indicating the distinct development pathways of fibroblasts of different origins. Our study provides insights into the regulatory landscape of neural crest cell development and identifies potential markers that facilitate the isolation of different neural crest derivatives in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shize Ma
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu Li
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Cao
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqin Zhan
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Fu
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Xiao
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of External Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li Y, Xu Y, Li G, Chen K, Yu H, Gao J, Tian W, Liu Y, Liu P, Zhang L, Zhang Z. A Novel Frameshift Variant of the MITF Gene in a Chinese Family with Waardenburg Syndrome Type 2. Mol Syndromol 2021; 12:244-249. [PMID: 34421503 DOI: 10.1159/000513607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by varying combinations of sensorineural hearing loss and abnormal pigmentation involving the hair, skin and iris. WS is classified into 4 subtypes (WS1-WS4) based on additional symptoms. WS2 is characterized by the absence of additional symptoms and is mainly attributed to variants in the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) gene. We detected a novel frameshift variant c.1025_1032delGGAACAAG (NM_198159) of MITF in 5 patients with WS2 from the same Chinese family by using targeted next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing. Phenotypic and genotypic analyses of the family members suggested that this novel variants was pathogenic. Our finding expands the spectrum of MITF variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University - Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yajuan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University - Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Genxia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University - Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Mucosal Immunology Studies Team, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University - Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinshuang Gao
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University - Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weifang Tian
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University - Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuehua Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University - Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pingping Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University - Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University - Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University - Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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Wang J, Lu Y, Yan X, Shen T, Li L, Rao Y, Tan B, Xiong W, Cheng J, Zhao Y, Yuan H. Identification of novel MITF mutations in Chinese families with Waardenburg syndrome type II. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1770. [PMID: 34323021 PMCID: PMC8457691 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal-dominant syndrome and is characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and pigment abnormalities. It is subdivided into four types according to the clinical characteristics. MITF is one of the major pathogenic genes for type II. The aim of this study was to investigate MITF mutations and the clinical characteristics of WS type 2 (WS2) in four Chinese families. METHOD Clinical diagnoses were based on detailed clinical findings. Six WS2 patients from four unrelated Chinese families were enrolled. Massively parallel DNA sequencing was used to find pathogenic genes and Sanger sequencing was used to confirm the variants detected. RESULTS Sensorineural hearing loss was observed in four of six patients, three had heterochromia iridis, and five have freckled faces. We identified three novel MITF heterozygous mutations (c.831dupC, c.650G>A, and c.711-2A>G) and one recurrent heterozygous mutation (c.328C>T) in the four WS2 families. Intra-familial phenotypic variability and incomplete penetrance were found in WS2 patients with pathogenic variants of MITF. CONCLUSION Genetic diagnosis was performed for the involved four families based on the clinical manifestations. Four heterozygous mutations were identified in the MITF gene. Our findings expanded the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Institute of Rare Disease, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohong Yan
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Shen
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linke Li
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufang Rao
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Tan
- Institute of Rare Disease, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Xiong
- Institute of Rare Disease, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Institute of Rare Disease, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huijun Yuan
- Medical Genetics Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Nasirshalal M, Panahi M, Javanshir N, Salmani H. Identification of a novel heterozygous mutation in the MITF gene in an Iranian family with Waardenburg syndrome type II using next-generation sequencing. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23792. [PMID: 33942382 PMCID: PMC8183924 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a genetically heterogeneous syndrome with both autosomal recessive and dominant inheritance. WS causes skin and iris pigmentation accumulation and sensorineural hearing loss, in varying degrees. There are four WS types with different characteristics. WS1 and WS2 are the most common and have a dominant inheritance. WS2 is caused by mutations in the microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF) gene. Methods An Iranian couple with hearing loss was recruited in the present study. First, they were screened for GJB2 and GJB6 gene mutations, and then whole‐exome sequencing 100X was performed along with bioinformatics analysis. Results A novel pathogenic heterozygous mutation, c.425T>A; p.L142Ter, was detected in the MITF gene's exon 4. Bioinformatics analysis predicted c.425T>A; p.L142Ter as a possible pathogenic variation. It appears that the mutated transcript level declines through nonsense‐mediated decay. It probably created a significantly truncated protein and lost conserved and functional domains like basic helix‐loop‐helix‐zipper proteins. Besides, the variant was utterly co‐segregated with the disease within the family. Conclusions We investigated an Iranian family with congenital hearing loss and identified a novel pathogenic variant c.425T>A; p. L142Ter in the MITF gene related to WS2. This variant is a nonsense mutation, probably leading to a premature stop codon. Our data may be beneficial in upgrading gene mutation databases and identifying WS2 causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahzad Nasirshalal
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Panahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nahid Javanshir
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Salmani
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zardadi S, Rayat S, Doabsari MH, Alishiri A, Keramatipour M, Shahri ZJ, Morovvati S. Four mutations in MITF, SOX10 and PAX3 genes were identified as genetic causes of waardenburg syndrome in four unrelated Iranian patients: case report. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:70. [PMID: 33557787 PMCID: PMC7869501 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder. The purpose of this study was to investigate clinical and molecular characteristics of WS in four probands from four different Iranian families. Case presentation The first patient was a 1-year-old symptomatic boy with congenital hearing loss and heterochromia iridis with a blue segment in his left iris. The second case was a 1.5-year-old symptomatic girl who manifested congenital profound hearing loss, brilliant blue eyes, and skin hypopigmentation on the abdominal region at birth time. The third patient was an 8-month-old symptomatic boy with developmental delay, mild atrophy, hypotonia, brilliant blue eyes, skin hypopigmentation on her hand and foot, Hirschsprung disease, and congenital profound hearing loss; the fourth patient was a 4-year-old symptomatic boy who showed dystopia canthorum, broad nasal root, synophrys, skin hypopigmentation on her hand and abdomen, brilliant blue eyes, and congenital profound hearing loss. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was used for each proband to identify the underlying genetic factor. Sanger sequencing was performed for validation of the identified mutations in probands and the available family members. A novel heterozygous frameshift mutation, c.996delT (p.K334Sfs*15), on exon 8 of the MITF gene was identified in the patient of the first family diagnosed with WS2A. Two novel de novo heterozygous mutations including a missense mutation, c.950G > A (p.R317K), on exon 8 of the MITF gene, and a frameshift mutation, c.684delC (p.E229Sfs*57), on the exon 3 of the SOX10 gene were detected in patients of the second and third families with WS2A and PCWH (Peripheral demyelinating neuropathy, Central dysmyelinating leukodystrophy, Waardenburg syndrome, Hirschsprung disease), respectively. A previously reported heterozygous frameshift mutation, c.1024_1040del AGCACGATTCCTTCCAA, (p.S342Pfs*62), on exon 7 of the PAX3 gene was identified in the patient of the fourth family with WS1. Conclusions An exact description of the mutations responsible for WS provides useful information to explain the molecular cause of clinical features of WS and contributes to better genetic counseling of WS patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoura Zardadi
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Rayat
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Aliagha Alishiri
- Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Hormozgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Keramatipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeynab Javanfekr Shahri
- School of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Islamic Azad University-Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Morovvati
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Yang S, Wang C, Zhou C, Kang D, Zhang X, Yuan H. A follow-up study of a Chinese family with Waardenburg syndrome type II caused by a truncating mutation of MITF gene. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1520. [PMID: 33045145 PMCID: PMC7767564 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a highly clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease. The core disease phenotypes of WS are sensorineuronal hearing loss and pigmentary disturbance, which are usually caused by the absence of neural crest cell‐derived melanocytes. At present, four subtypes of WS have been defined, which are caused by seven genes. Waardenburg syndrome type 2 (WS2) is one of the most common forms. Two genes, MITF and SOX10, have been found to be responsible for majority of WS2. Methods In this study, we performed a clinical longitudinal follow‐up and mutation screening for a Chinese family with Waardenburg syndrome type II. Results A diversity of clinical manifestations was observed in this WS2 family. In addition to the congenital hearing loss of most affected family members, progressive hearing loss was also found in some WS2 patients. A nonsense mutation of c.328C>T (p.R110X) in MITF was identified in all affected family members. This mutation results in a truncated MITF protein, which is considered to be a disease‐causing mutation. Conclusion These findings offer a better understanding of the spectrum of MITF mutations and highlight the necessity of continuous hearing assessment in WS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhi Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The 4th Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseaseChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Center for Medical GeneticsSouthwest HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chengyong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The 4th Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseaseChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - DongYang Kang
- Institute Of OtolaryngologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute Of OtolaryngologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Huijun Yuan
- Center for Medical GeneticsSouthwest HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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Somashekar PH, Upadhyai P, Narayanan DL, Kamath N, Bajaj S, Girisha KM, Shukla A. Phenotypic diversity and genetic complexity of PAX3-related Waardenburg syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:2951-2958. [PMID: 32990402 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Waardenburg syndrome subtypes 1 and 3 are caused by pathogenic variants in PAX3. We investigated 12 individuals from four unrelated families clinically diagnosed with Waardenburg syndrome type 1/3. Novel pathogenic variants identified in PAX3 included single nucleotide variants (c.166C>T, c.829C>T), a 2-base pair deletion (c.366_367delAA) and a multi-exonic deletion. Two novel variants, c.166C>T and c.829C>T and a previously reported variant, c.256A>T in PAX3 were evaluated for their nuclear localization and ability to activate MITF promoter. The coexistence of two subtypes of Waardenburg syndrome with pathogenic variants in PAX3 and EDNRB was seen in one of the affected individuals. Multiple genetic diagnoses of Waardenburg syndrome type 3 and autosomal recessive deafness 1A was identified in an individual. We also review the phenotypic and genomic spectrum of individuals with PAX3-related Waardenburg syndrome reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneeth H Somashekar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Priyanka Upadhyai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Dhanya L Narayanan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Nutan Kamath
- Department of Pediatrics, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | - Katta M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Anju Shukla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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9
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Genetic heterogeneity of white markings in Quarter Horses. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.103935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Chen K, Zhan Y, Wu X, Zong L, Jiang H. Germinal mosaicism of PAX3 mutation caused Waardenburg syndrome type I. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 104:200-204. [PMID: 29287868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Waardenburg syndrome mutations are most often recurrent or de novo. The rate of familial recurrence is low and families with several affected children are extremely rare. In this study, we aimed to clarify the underlying hereditary cause of Waardenburg syndrome type I in two siblings in a Chinese family, with a mother affected by prelingual mild hearing loss and a father who was negative for clinical symptoms of Waardenburg syndrome and had a normal hearing threshold. METHODS Complete characteristic features of the family members were recorded and genetic sequencing and parent-child relationship analyses were performed. RESULTS The two probands were found to share double mutations in the PAX3/GJB2 genes that caused concurrent hearing loss in Waardenburg syndrome type I. Their mother carried the GJB2 c.109G > A homozygous mutation; however, neither the novel PAX3 c.592delG mutation, nor the Waardenburg syndrome phenotype, was observed in either parent. CONCLUSION These previously unreported digenic mutations in PAX3/GJB2 resulted in deafness associated with Waardenburg syndrome type I in this family. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing germinal mosaicism in Waardenburg syndrome. This concept is important because it complicates genetic counseling of this family regarding the risk of recurrence of the mutations in subsequent pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitian Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University and Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University and Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University and Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Ling Zong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Hongyan Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, China.
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Wang HH, Feng Y, Li HB, Wu H, Mei LY, Wang XW, Jiang L, He CF. Digenic mutations involving both the BSND and GJB2 genes detected in Bartter syndrome type IV. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 92:17-20. [PMID: 28012523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bartter syndrome type IV, characterized by salt-losing nephropathies and sensorineural deafness, is caused by mutations of BSND or simultaneous mutations of both CLCNKA and CLCNKB. GJB2 is the primary causative gene for non-syndromic sensorineural deafness and associated with several syndromic sensorineural deafness. Owing to the rarity of Bartter syndrome, only a few mutations have been reported in the abovementioned causative genes. To investigate the underlying mutations in a Chinese patient with Bartter syndrome type IV, genetic analysis of BSND, CLCNKA, CLCNKB and GJB2 were performed by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. Finally, double homozygous mutations c.22C > T (p.Arg8Trp) and c.127G > A (Val43Ile) were detected in exon 1 of BSND. Intriguingly, compound heterozygous mutations c.235delC (p.Leu79CysfsX3) and c.109G > A (p.Val37Ile) were also revealed in exon 2 of GJB2 in the same patient. No pathogenic mutations were found in CLCNKA and CLCNKB. Our results indicated that the homozygous mutation c.22C > T was the key genetic reason for the proband, and a digenic effect of BSND and GJB2 might contributed to sensorineural deafness. To our knowledge, it was the first report showing that the GJB2 gene mutations were detected in Bartter syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Han Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China; Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hai-Bo Li
- Department of Ophtalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ling-Yun Mei
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xing-Wei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Chu-Feng He
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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Kim SY, Kim AR, Kim NKD, Lee C, Kim MY, Jeon EH, Park WY, Choi BY. Unraveling of Enigmatic Hearing-Impaired GJB2 Single Heterozygotes by Massive Parallel Sequencing: DFNB1 or Not? Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3029. [PMID: 27057829 PMCID: PMC4998745 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular etiology of nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in subjects with only one detectable autosomal recessive GJB2 mutation is unclear. Here, we report GJB2 single heterozygotes with various final genetic diagnoses and suggest appropriate diagnostic strategies. A total of 160 subjects with SNHL without phenotypic markers were screened for GJB2 mutations. Single-nucleotide variants or structural variations within the DFNB1 locus or in other deafness genes were examined by Sanger sequencing, breakpoint PCR, and targeted exome sequencing (TES) of 129 deafness genes. We identified 27 subjects with two mutations and 10 subjects with only one detectable mutation in GJB2. The detection rate of the single GJB2 mutation among the 160 SNHL subjects in the present study (6.25%) was higher than 2.58% in normal hearing controls in Korean. The DFNB1 was clearly excluded as a molecular etiology in four (40%) subjects: other recessive deafness genes (N = 3) accounted for SNHL and the causative gene for the other non-DFNB1 subject (N = 1) was not identified. The etiology of additional two subjects was potentially explained by digenic etiology (N = 2) of GJB2 with MITF and GJB3, respectively. The contribution of the single GJB2 mutation in the four remaining subjects is unclear. Comprehensive diagnostic testing including TES is prerequisite for understanding GJB2 single heterozygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kim
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, CHA medical center, CHA university, Seongnam (SYK), Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (SYK, ARK), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine; Samsung Genome Institue (NKDK, CL), Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology (CL), SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (MYK, E-HJ, BYC), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam; Samsung Genome Institute (W-YP), Samsung Medical Center; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine (W-YP), Sungkyunkwan University; Sensory Organ Research Institute (BYC), Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea; and Wide River Institute of Immunology (BYC), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Hongcheon, Republic of Korea
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13
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Kim SH, Kim AR, Choi HS, Kim MY, Chun EH, Oh SH, Choi BY. Molecular Etiology of Hereditary Single-Side Deafness: Its Association With Pigmentary Disorders and Waardenburg Syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1817. [PMID: 26512583 PMCID: PMC4985397 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (USNHL)/single-side deafness (SSD) is a frequently encountered disability in children. The etiology of a substantial portion of USNHL/SSD still remains unknown, and genetic causes have not been clearly elucidated. In this study, the authors evaluated the heritability of USNHL/SSD.The authors sequentially recruited 50 unrelated children with SSD. For an etiologic diagnosis, we performed a rigorous review on the phenotypes of family members of all children and conducted, if necessary, molecular genetic tests including targeted exome sequencing of 129 deafness genes.Among the 50 SSD children cohort, the authors identify 4 (8%) unrelated SSD probands from 4 families (SH136, SB173, SB177, and SB199) with another hearing impaired family members. Notably, all 4 probands in our cohort with a familial history of SSD also have pigmentary abnormalities such as brown freckles or premature gray hair within first degree relatives, which may indicate that genes whose products are involved with pigmentary disorder could be candidates for heritable SSD. Indeed, SH136 and SB199 turned out to segregate a mutation in MITF and PAX3, respectively, leading to a molecular diagnosis of Waardenburg syndrome (WS).We report, for the first time in the literature, a significant heritability of pediatric SSD. There is a strong association between the heritability of USNHL/SSD and the pigmentary abnormality, shedding a new light on the understanding of the molecular basis of heritable USNHL/SSD. In case of children with congenital SSD, it would be mandatory to rigorously screen pigmentary abnormalities. WS should also be included in the differential diagnosis of children with USNHL/SSD, especially in a familial form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Hye Kim
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (SHK, SHO); and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea (ARK, HSC, MYK, EHC, BYC)
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14
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Song J, Feng Y, Acke FR, Coucke P, Vleminckx K, Dhooge IJ. Hearing loss in Waardenburg syndrome: a systematic review. Clin Genet 2015; 89:416-425. [PMID: 26100139 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by hearing loss (HL) and pigment disturbances of hair, skin and iris. Classifications exist based on phenotype and genotype. The auditory phenotype is inconsistently reported among the different Waardenburg types and causal genes, urging the need for an up-to-date literature overview on this particular topic. We performed a systematic review in search for articles describing auditory features in WS patients along with the associated genotype. Prevalences of HL were calculated and correlated with the different types and genes of WS. Seventy-three articles were included, describing 417 individual patients. HL was found in 71.0% and was predominantly bilateral and sensorineural. Prevalence of HL among the different clinical types significantly differed (WS1: 52.3%, WS2: 91.6%, WS3: 57.1%, WS4: 83.5%). Mutations in SOX10 (96.5%), MITF (89.6%) and SNAI2 (100%) are more frequently associated with hearing impairment than other mutations. Of interest, the distinct disease-causing genes are able to better predict the auditory phenotype compared with different clinical types of WS. Consequently, it is important to confirm the clinical diagnosis of WS with molecular analysis in order to optimally inform patients about the risk of HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - F R Acke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University/Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Coucke
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ghent University/Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - K Vleminckx
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ghent University/Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - I J Dhooge
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University/Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Cooper DN, Krawczak M, Polychronakos C, Tyler-Smith C, Kehrer-Sawatzki H. Where genotype is not predictive of phenotype: towards an understanding of the molecular basis of reduced penetrance in human inherited disease. Hum Genet 2013; 132:1077-130. [PMID: 23820649 PMCID: PMC3778950 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Some individuals with a particular disease-causing mutation or genotype fail to express most if not all features of the disease in question, a phenomenon that is known as 'reduced (or incomplete) penetrance'. Reduced penetrance is not uncommon; indeed, there are many known examples of 'disease-causing mutations' that fail to cause disease in at least a proportion of the individuals who carry them. Reduced penetrance may therefore explain not only why genetic diseases are occasionally transmitted through unaffected parents, but also why healthy individuals can harbour quite large numbers of potentially disadvantageous variants in their genomes without suffering any obvious ill effects. Reduced penetrance can be a function of the specific mutation(s) involved or of allele dosage. It may also result from differential allelic expression, copy number variation or the modulating influence of additional genetic variants in cis or in trans. The penetrance of some pathogenic genotypes is known to be age- and/or sex-dependent. Variable penetrance may also reflect the action of unlinked modifier genes, epigenetic changes or environmental factors. At least in some cases, complete penetrance appears to require the presence of one or more genetic variants at other loci. In this review, we summarize the evidence for reduced penetrance being a widespread phenomenon in human genetics and explore some of the molecular mechanisms that may help to explain this enigmatic characteristic of human inherited disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N. Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN UK
| | - Michael Krawczak
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Christian-Albrechts University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Chris Tyler-Smith
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA UK
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Lammens F, Verhaert N, Devriendt K, Debruyne F, Desloovere C. Aetiology of congenital hearing loss: a cohort review of 569 subjects. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 77:1385-91. [PMID: 23835162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Newborn hearing screening was implemented in Flanders about fifteen years ago. The aim of this study was to determine the aetiology of hearing loss detected by the Flemish screening programme. METHODS From 1997 to 2011, 569 neonates were referred to our tertiary referral centre after failed neonatal screening with Auditory Brainstem Responses. In case hearing loss (HL) was confirmed, further diagnostic testing was launched. A retrospective chart review was performed analysing the degree of HL, risk factor and aetiology. RESULTS Metabolic disorders (0.5%), infectious diseases (35.8%), congenital malformations (6.1%) and genetic abnormalities (19.8%), whether or not syndromic, were retained. In 35% of the subjects no obvious aetiology could be determined in the current study. CONCLUSION In contrast to the literature findings, this series shows a genetic syndromic cause in 80% of the genetic bilateral HL cases. On the other hand connexin positive diagnoses were mostly underrepresented in this study, showing the need for better screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lammens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Zong L, Lu C, Zhao Y, Li Q, Han D, Yang W, Shen Y, Zheng Q, Wang Q. Clue to a new deafness gene: a large Chinese nonsyndromic hearing loss family linked to DFNA4. J Genet Genomics 2012; 39:653-7. [PMID: 23273769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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