1
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Zhang R, Zheng S, Huang H, Sun X, Huang Y, Wei J, Pan G, Li C, Zhou Z. Expression of anti-NbHK single-chain antibody in fusion with NSlmb enhances the resistance to Nosema bombycis in Sf9-III cells. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 112:502-508. [PMID: 35382911 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321001036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nosema bombycis is a destructive and specific intracellular parasite of silkworm, which is extremely harmful to the silkworm industry. N. bombycis is considered as a quarantine pathogen of sericulture because of its long incubation period and horizontal and vertical transmission. Herein, two single-chain antibodies targeting N. bombycis hexokinase (NbHK) were cloned and expressed in fusion with the N-terminal of Slmb (a Drosophila melanogaster FBP), which contains the F-box domain. Western blotting demonstrated that Sf9-III cells expressed NSlmb-scFv-7A and NSlmb-scFv-6H, which recognized native NbHK. Subsequently, the NbHK was degraded by host ubiquitination system. When challenged with N. bombycis, the transfected Sf9-III cells exhibited better resistance relative to the controls, demonstrating that NbHK is a prospective target for parasite controls and this approach represents a potential solution for constructing N. bombycis-resistant Bombyx mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shiyi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University of Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, China
| | - Hongyun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yukang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Junhong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chunfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
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2
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Cao WX, Karaiskakis A, Lin S, Angers S, Lipshitz HD. The F-box protein Bard (CG14317) targets the Smaug RNA-binding protein for destruction during the Drosophila maternal-to-zygotic transition. Genetics 2021; 220:6404591. [PMID: 34757425 PMCID: PMC8733446 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
During the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT), which encompasses the earliest stages of animal embryogenesis, a subset of maternally supplied gene products is cleared, thus permitting activation of zygotic gene expression. In the Drosophila melanogaster embryo, the RNA-binding protein Smaug (SMG) plays an essential role in progression through the MZT by translationally repressing and destabilizing a large number of maternal mRNAs. The SMG protein itself is rapidly cleared at the end of the MZT by a Skp/Cullin/F-box (SCF) E3-ligase complex. Clearance of SMG requires zygotic transcription and is required for an orderly MZT. Here, we show that an F-box protein, which we name Bard (encoded by CG14317), is required for degradation of SMG. Bard is expressed zygotically and physically interacts with SMG at the end of the MZT, coincident with binding of the maternal SCF proteins, SkpA and Cullin1, and with degradation of SMG. shRNA-mediated knock-down of Bard or deletion of the bard gene in the early embryo results in stabilization of SMG protein, a phenotype that is rescued by transgenes expressing Bard. Bard thus times the clearance of SMG at the end of the MZT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xi Cao
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Angelo Karaiskakis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Sichun Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Stephane Angers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Howard D Lipshitz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
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3
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Chen ZS, Wong AKY, Cheng TC, Koon AC, Chan HYE. FipoQ/FBXO33, a Cullin-1-based ubiquitin ligase complex component modulates ubiquitination and solubility of polyglutamine disease protein. J Neurochem 2019; 149:781-798. [PMID: 30685895 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases describe a group of progressive neurodegenerative disorders caused by the CAG triplet repeat expansion in the coding region of the disease genes. To date, nine such diseases, including spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), have been reported. The formation of SDS-insoluble protein aggregates in neurons causes cellular dysfunctions, such as impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and contributes to polyQ pathologies. Recently, the E3 ubiquitin ligases, which govern substrate specificity of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, have been implicated in polyQ pathogenesis. The Cullin (Cul) proteins are major components of Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) complexes that are evolutionarily conserved in the Drosophila genome. In this study, we examined the effect of individual Culs on SCA3 pathogenesis and found that the knockdown of Cul1 expression enhances SCA3-induced neurodegeneration and reduces the solubility of expanded SCA3-polyQ proteins. The F-box proteins are substrate receptors of Cul1-based CRL. We further performed a genetic modifier screen of the 19 Drosophila F-box genes and identified F-box involved in polyQ pathogenesis (FipoQ) as a genetic modifier of SCA3 degeneration that modulates the ubiquitination and solubility of expanded SCA3-polyQ proteins. In the human SK-N-MC cell model, we identified that F-box only protein 33 (FBXO33) exerts similar functions as FipoQ in modulating the ubiquitination and solubility of expanded SCA3-polyQ proteins. Taken together, our study demonstrates that Cul1-based CRL and its associated F-box protein, FipoQ/FBXO33, modify SCA3 protein toxicity. These findings will lead to a better understanding of the disease mechanism of SCA3 and provide insights for developing treatments against SCA3. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14510.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhefan Stephen Chen
- Laboratory of Drosophila Research, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.,Biochemistry Programme, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Azaria Kam Yan Wong
- Laboratory of Drosophila Research, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.,Molecular Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tat Cheung Cheng
- Laboratory of Drosophila Research, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.,Biochemistry Programme, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alex Chun Koon
- Laboratory of Drosophila Research, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Yin Edwin Chan
- Laboratory of Drosophila Research, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.,Molecular Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.,Biochemistry Programme, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.,Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
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4
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El-Hattab AW, Dai H, Almannai M, Wang J, Faqeih EA, Al Asmari A, Saleh MAM, Elamin MAO, Alfadhel M, Alkuraya FS, Hashem M, Aldosary MS, Almass R, Almutairi FB, Alsagob M, Al-Owain M, Al-Sharfa S, Al-Hassnan ZN, Rahbeeni Z, Al-Muhaizea MA, Makhseed N, Foskett GK, Stevenson DA, Gomez-Ospina N, Lee C, Boles RG, Schrier Vergano SA, Wortmann SB, Sperl W, Opladen T, Hoffmann GF, Hempel M, Prokisch H, Alhaddad B, Mayr JA, Chan W, Kaya N, Wong LJC. Molecular and clinical spectra of FBXL4 deficiency. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:1649-1659. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman W. El-Hattab
- Division of Clinical Genetics and Metabolic Disorders, Pediatric Department; Tawam Hospital; Al-Ain United Arab Emirates
| | - Hongzheng Dai
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston Texas
| | - Mohammed Almannai
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston Texas
| | - Julia Wang
- Medical Scientist Training Program and Program in Developmental Biology; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston Texas
| | - Eissa A. Faqeih
- Section of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital; King Fahad Medical City; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Al Asmari
- Section of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital; King Fahad Medical City; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. M. Saleh
- Section of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital; King Fahad Medical City; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. O. Elamin
- Section of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital; King Fahad Medical City; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics; King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (NGHA); Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Fowzan S. Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine; Alfaisal University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Mais Hashem
- Department of Genetics; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazhor S. Aldosary
- Department of Genetics; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Almass
- Department of Genetics; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Faten B. Almutairi
- Department of Genetics; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysoon Alsagob
- Department of Genetics; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Owain
- Department of Medical Genetics; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Shirin Al-Sharfa
- Department of Medical Genetics; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Zuhair N. Al-Hassnan
- Department of Medical Genetics; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Zuhair Rahbeeni
- Department of Medical Genetics; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Al-Muhaizea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine; Alfaisal University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Department of Neurosciences; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal Makhseed
- Department of Pediatrics, Al-Jahra Hospital; Ministry of Health; Al-Jahra City Kuwait
| | - Gretchen K. Foskett
- Department of Pediatrics; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford California
| | - David A. Stevenson
- Department of Pediatrics; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford California
| | - Natalia Gomez-Ospina
- Department of Pediatrics; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford California
| | - Chung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford California
| | | | | | - Saskia B. Wortmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Salzburger Landeskliniken; Paracelsus Medical University; Salzburg Austria
- Institute of Human Genetics; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Neuherberg Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sperl
- Department of Pediatrics, Salzburger Landeskliniken; Paracelsus Medical University; Salzburg Austria
| | - Thomas Opladen
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Divisions of General Pediatrics, Neuropediatrics, and Metabolic Medicine; University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Georg F. Hoffmann
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Divisions of General Pediatrics, Neuropediatrics, and Metabolic Medicine; University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Maja Hempel
- Institute of Human Genetics; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Neuherberg Germany
| | - Bader Alhaddad
- Institute of Human Genetics; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Neuherberg Germany
| | - Johannes A. Mayr
- Department of Pediatrics; Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg; Salzburg Austria
| | - Wenyaw Chan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health; University of Texas-Health Science Center at Houston; Houston Texas
| | - Namik Kaya
- Department of Genetics; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Lee-Jun C. Wong
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston Texas
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5
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Raducu M, Fung E, Serres S, Infante P, Barberis A, Fischer R, Bristow C, Thézénas ML, Finta C, Christianson JC, Buffa FM, Kessler BM, Sibson NR, Di Marcotullio L, Toftgård R, D'Angiolella V. SCF (Fbxl17) ubiquitylation of Sufu regulates Hedgehog signaling and medulloblastoma development. EMBO J 2016; 35:1400-16. [PMID: 27234298 PMCID: PMC4884786 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201593374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligases direct cell survival decisions by controlling protein ubiquitylation and degradation. Sufu (Suppressor of fused) is a central regulator of Hh (Hedgehog) signaling and acts as a tumor suppressor by maintaining the Gli (Glioma-associated oncogene homolog) transcription factors inactive. Although Sufu has a pivotal role in Hh signaling, the players involved in controlling Sufu levels and their role in tumor growth are unknown. Here, we show that Fbxl17 (F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 17) targets Sufu for proteolysis in the nucleus. The ubiquitylation of Sufu, mediated by Fbxl17, allows the release of Gli1 from Sufu for proper Hh signal transduction. Depletion of Fbxl17 leads to defective Hh signaling associated with an impaired cancer cell proliferation and medulloblastoma tumor growth. Furthermore, we identify a mutation in Sufu, occurring in medulloblastoma of patients with Gorlin syndrome, which increases Sufu turnover through Fbxl17-mediated polyubiquitylation and leads to a sustained Hh signaling activation. In summary, our findings reveal Fbxl17 as a novel regulator of Hh pathway and highlight the perturbation of the Fbxl17-Sufu axis in the pathogenesis of medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Raducu
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ella Fung
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sébastien Serres
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paola Infante
- Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Barberis
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire Bristow
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marie-Laëtitia Thézénas
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Csaba Finta
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Francesca M Buffa
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucia Di Marcotullio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy Pasteur Institute/Cenci Bolognetti Foundation Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rune Toftgård
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Vincenzo D'Angiolella
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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6
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Dean DM, Maroja LS, Cottrill S, Bomkamp BE, Westervelt KA, Deitcher DL. The wavy Mutation Maps to the Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate 3-Kinase 2 (IP3K2) Gene of Drosophila and Interacts with IP3R to Affect Wing Development. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2015; 6:299-310. [PMID: 26613949 PMCID: PMC4751550 DOI: 10.1534/g3.115.024307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) regulates a host of biological processes from egg activation to cell death. When IP3-specific receptors (IP3Rs) bind to IP3, they release calcium from the ER into the cytoplasm, triggering a variety of cell type- and developmental stage-specific responses. Alternatively, inositol polyphosphate kinases can phosphorylate IP3; this limits IP3R activation by reducing IP3 levels, and also generates new signaling molecules altogether. These divergent pathways draw from the same IP3 pool yet cause very different cellular responses. Therefore, controlling the relative rates of IP3R activation vs. phosphorylation of IP3 is essential for proper cell functioning. Establishing a model system that sensitively reports the net output of IP3 signaling is crucial for identifying the controlling genes. Here we report that mutant alleles of wavy (wy), a classic locus of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, map to IP3 3-kinase 2 (IP3K2), a member of the inositol polyphosphate kinase gene family. Mutations in wy disrupt wing structure in a highly specific pattern. RNAi experiments using GAL4 and GAL80(ts) indicated that IP3K2 function is required in the wing discs of early pupae for normal wing development. Gradations in the severity of the wy phenotype provide high-resolution readouts of IP3K2 function and of overall IP3 signaling, giving this system strong potential as a model for further study of the IP3 signaling network. In proof of concept, a dominant modifier screen revealed that mutations in IP3R strongly suppress the wy phenotype, suggesting that the wy phenotype results from reduced IP4 levels, and/or excessive IP3R signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek M Dean
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267
| | - Luana S Maroja
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267
| | - Sarah Cottrill
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267
| | - Brent E Bomkamp
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267
| | | | - David L Deitcher
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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7
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Zhang H, Li C, Chen H, Wei C, Dai F, Wu H, Dui W, Deng WM, Jiao R. SCF(Slmb) E3 ligase-mediated degradation of Expanded is inhibited by the Hippo pathway in Drosophila. Cell Res 2014; 25:93-109. [PMID: 25522691 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2014.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the evolutionarily conserved Hippo pathway has been implicated in abnormal development of animals and in several types of cancer. One mechanism of Hippo pathway regulation is achieved by controlling the stability of its regulatory components. However, the executive E3 ligases that are involved in this process, and how the process is regulated, remain poorly defined. In this study, we identify, through a genetic candidate screen, the SCF(Slmb) E3 ligase as a novel negative regulator of the Hippo pathway in Drosophila imaginal tissues via mediation of the degradation of Expanded (Ex). Mechanistic study shows that Slmb-mediated degradation of Ex is inhibited by the Hippo signaling. Considering the fact that Hippo signaling suppresses the transcription of ex, we propose that the Hippo pathway employs a double security mechanism to ensure fine-tuned homeostasis during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Zhang
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road 15, Beijing 100101, China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Changqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road 15, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hanqing Chen
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road 15, Beijing 100101, China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Chuanxian Wei
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road 15, Beijing 100101, China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Fei Dai
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road 15, Beijing 100101, China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Honggang Wu
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road 15, Beijing 100101, China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Wen Dui
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road 15, Beijing 100101, China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Wu-Min Deng
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32304-4295, USA
| | - Renjie Jiao
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road 15, Beijing 100101, China [2] Guangzhou Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, School of Basic Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Dongfengxi Road 195, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China
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8
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Bosch JA, Sumabat TM, Hafezi Y, Pellock BJ, Gandhi KD, Hariharan IK. The Drosophila F-box protein Fbxl7 binds to the protocadherin fat and regulates Dachs localization and Hippo signaling. eLife 2014; 3:e03383. [PMID: 25107277 PMCID: PMC4144329 DOI: 10.7554/elife.03383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila protocadherin Fat (Ft) regulates growth, planar cell polarity (PCP) and proximodistal patterning. A key downstream component of Ft signaling is the atypical myosin Dachs (D). Multiple regions of the intracellular domain of Ft have been implicated in regulating growth and PCP but how Ft regulates D is not known. Mutations in Fbxl7, which encodes an F-box protein, result in tissue overgrowth and abnormalities in proximodistal patterning that phenocopy deleting a specific portion of the intracellular domain (ICD) of Ft that regulates both growth and PCP. Fbxl7 binds to this same portion of the Ft ICD, co-localizes with Ft to the proximal edge of cells and regulates the levels and asymmetry of D at the apical membrane. Fbxl7 can also regulate the trafficking of proteins between the apical membrane and intracellular vesicles. Thus Fbxl7 functions in a subset of pathways downstream of Ft and links Ft to D localization. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03383.001 Multi-cellular organisms are made up of cells that are organized into tissues and organs that reach a predictable size and shape at the end of their development. To do this, cells must be able to sense their position and orientation within the body and know when to stop growing. Epithelial cells—which make up the outer surface of an animal's body and line the cavities of its internal organs—connect to each other to form flat sheets. These sheets of cells contain structures that are oriented along the plane of the sheet. However, how this so-called ‘planar cell polarity’ coordinates with cell growth in order to build complex tissues and organs remains to be discovered. A protein called Fat is a major player in both planar cell polarity and the Hippo signaling pathway, which controls cell growth. As such, the Fat protein appears to be crucial for controlling the size and shape of organs. Mutations in the Fat protein cause massive tissue overgrowth, prevent planar cell polarity being established correctly, and stop the legs and wings of fruit flies developing normally. The Fat protein also plays a role in distributing another protein called Dachs—which is also part of the Hippo signaling pathway. In epithelial cells of the developing wing, Dachs is mostly located on the side of the cell that is closest to the tip of the developing wing (the so-called ‘distal surface’). How Fat and Dachs work together is not understood, but it is known that they do not bind to each other directly. Now, Bosch et al. show that in the fruit fly Drosophila, the Fat protein binds to another protein called Fbxl7. Flies that cannot produce working Fbxl7 have defects in some aspects of planar cell polarity and a modest increase in tissue growth. Fbxl7 seems to account for part, but not all, of the ability of Fat to restrict tissue growth. Furthermore, a lack of the Fbxl7 protein results in a spreading of Dachs protein across the apical surface—which faces out of the epithelial sheet—of epithelial cells. On the other hand, if Fbxl7 is over-expressed, Dachs is driven to the interior of each cell. Hence, a normal level of Fbxl7 protein restricts the Dachs protein to the correct parts of the cell surface. Together, the findings of Bosch et al. show that the Fbxl7 protein is a key link between the Fat and Dachs proteins. These results also provide an understanding of how growth and planar cell polarity—two processes that are essential for normal development of all multi-cellular organisms—are coordinated. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03383.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Bosch
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Taryn M Sumabat
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Yassi Hafezi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Brett J Pellock
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, United States
| | - Kevin D Gandhi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Iswar K Hariharan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
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A developmental genetic analysis of the lysine demethylase KDM2 mutations in Drosophila melanogaster. Mech Dev 2014; 133:36-53. [PMID: 25016215 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modification of histones plays essential roles in the transcriptional regulation of genes in eukaryotes. Methylation on basic residues of histones is regulated by histone methyltransferases and histone demethylases, and misregulation of these enzymes has been linked to a range of diseases such as cancer. Histone lysine demethylase 2 (KDM2) family proteins have been shown to either promote or suppress tumorigenesis in different human malignancies. However, the roles and regulation of KDM2 in development are poorly understood, and the exact roles of KDM2 in regulating demethylation remain controversial. Since KDM2 proteins are highly conserved in multicellular animals, we analyzed the KDM2 ortholog in Drosophila. We have observed that dKDM2 is a nuclear protein and its level fluctuates during fly development. We generated three deficiency lines that disrupt the dKdm2 locus, and together with 10 transposon insertion lines within the dKdm2 locus, we characterized the developmental defects of these alleles. The alleles of dKdm2 define three phenotypic classes, and the intragenic complementation observed among these alleles and our subsequent analyses suggest that dKDM2 is not required for viability. In addition, loss of dKDM2 appears to have rather weak effects on histone H3 lysine 36 and 4 methylation (H3K36me and H3K4me) in the third instar wandering larvae, and we observed no effect on methylation of H3K9me2, H3K27me2 and H3K27me3 in dKdm2 mutants. Taken together, these genetic, molecular and biochemical analyses suggest that dKDM2 is not required for viability of flies, indicating that dKdm2 is likely redundant with other histone lysine demethylases in regulating normal development in Drosophila.
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Yu Z, Chen H, Liu J, Zhang H, Yan Y, Zhu N, Guo Y, Yang B, Chang Y, Dai F, Liang X, Chen Y, Shen Y, Deng WM, Chen J, Zhang B, Li C, Jiao R. Various applications of TALEN- and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homologous recombination to modify the Drosophila genome. Biol Open 2014; 3:271-80. [PMID: 24659249 PMCID: PMC3988796 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20147682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Modifying the genomes of many organisms is becoming as easy as manipulating DNA in test tubes, which is made possible by two recently developed techniques based on either the customizable DNA binding protein, TALEN, or the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Here, we describe a series of efficient applications derived from these two technologies, in combination with various homologous donor DNA plasmids, to manipulate the Drosophila genome: (1) to precisely generate genomic deletions; (2) to make genomic replacement of a DNA fragment at single nucleotide resolution; and (3) to generate precise insertions to tag target proteins for tracing their endogenous expressions. For more convenient genomic manipulations, we established an easy-to-screen platform by knocking in a white marker through homologous recombination. Further, we provided a strategy to remove the unwanted duplications generated during the “ends-in” recombination process. Our results also indicate that TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9 had comparable efficiency in mediating genomic modifications through HDR (homology-directed repair); either TALEN or the CRISPR/Cas9 system could efficiently mediate in vivo replacement of DNA fragments of up to 5 kb in Drosophila, providing an ideal genetic tool for functional annotations of the Drosophila genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongsheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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11
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Wei C, Liu J, Yu Z, Zhang B, Gao G, Jiao R. TALEN or Cas9 - rapid, efficient and specific choices for genome modifications. J Genet Genomics 2013; 40:281-9. [PMID: 23790627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Precise modifications of complex genomes at the single nucleotide level have been one of the big goals for scientists working in basic and applied genetics, including biotechnology, drug development, gene therapy and synthetic biology. However, the relevant techniques for making these manipulations in model organisms and human cells have been lagging behind the rapid high throughput studies in the post-genomic era with a bottleneck of low efficiency, time consuming and laborious manipulation, and off-targeting problems. Recent discoveries of TALEs (transcription activator-like effectors) coding system and CRISPR (clusters of regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) immune system in bacteria have enabled the development of customized TALENs (transcription activator-like effector nucleases) and CRISPR/Cas9 to rapidly edit genomic DNA in a variety of cell types, including human cells, and different model organisms at a very high efficiency and specificity. In this review, we first briefly summarize the development and applications of TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing technologies; compare the advantages and constraints of each method; particularly, discuss the expected applications of both techniques in the field of site-specific genome modification and stem cell based gene therapy; finally, propose the future directions and perspectives for readers to make the choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road 15, Beijing 100101, China
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Dui W, Wei B, He F, Lu W, Li C, Liang X, Ma J, Jiao R. The Drosophila F-box protein dSkp2 regulates cell proliferation by targeting Dacapo for degradation. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:1676-87, S1-7. [PMID: 23552694 PMCID: PMC3667721 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-10-0772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
dSkp2 regulates cell cycle progression by antagonizing Dap in Drosophila, which resolves the question of whether dSkp2 has a role in regulating Dap stability and suggests the possibility of using Drosophila as a model system in which to study Skp2-mediated tumorigenesis. Cell cycle progression is controlled by a complex regulatory network consisting of interacting positive and negative factors. In humans, the positive regulator Skp2, an F-box protein, has been a subject of intense investigation in part because of its oncogenic activity. By contrast, the molecular and developmental functions of its Drosophila homologue, dSkp2, are poorly understood. Here we investigate the role of dSkp2 by focusing on its functional relationship with Dacapo (Dap), the Drosophila homologue of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21cip1/p27kip1/p57kip2. We show that dSkp2 interacts physically with Dap and has a role in targeting Dap for ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. We present evidence that dSkp2 regulates cell cycle progression by antagonizing Dap in vivo. dSkp2 knockdown reduces cell density in the wing by prolonging the cell doubling time. In addition, the wing phenotype caused by dSkp2 knockdown resembles that caused by dap overexpression and can be partially suppressed by reducing the gene dose of dap. Our study thus documents a conserved functional relationship between dSkp2 and Dap in their control of cell cycle progression, suggesting the possibility of using Drosophila as a model system to study Skp2-mediated tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Dui
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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13
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Liu J, Ma J. Dampened regulates the activating potency of Bicoid and the embryonic patterning outcome in Drosophila. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2968. [PMID: 24336107 PMCID: PMC3902774 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila morphogen gradient of Bicoid (Bcd) initiates anterior-posterior (AP) patterning; however, it is poorly understood how its ability to activate a target gene may have an impact on this process. Here we report an F-box protein, Dampened (Dmpd) as a nuclear cofactor of Bcd that can enhance its activating potency. We establish a quantitative platform to specifically investigate two parameters of a Bcd target gene response, expression amplitude and boundary position. We show that embryos lacking Dmpd have a reduced amplitude of Bcd-activated hunchback (hb) expression at a critical time of development. This is because of a reduced Bcd-dependent transcribing probability. This defect is faithfully propagated further downstream of the AP-patterning network to alter the spatial characteristics of even-skipped (eve) stripes. Thus, unlike another Bcd-interacting F-box protein Fate-shifted (Fsd), which controls AP patterning through regulating the Bcd gradient profile, Dmpd achieves its patterning role through regulating the activating potency of Bcd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Liu
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation 3333 Burnet Avenue Cincinnati, Ohio United States of America
| | - Jun Ma
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation 3333 Burnet Avenue Cincinnati, Ohio United States of America
- Division of Developmental Biology Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation 3333 Burnet Avenue Cincinnati, Ohio United States of America
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