1
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Liu M, Lai Z, Yuan X, Jin Q, Shen H, Rao D, Huang D. Role of exosomes in the development, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Med 2023; 29:136. [PMID: 37848835 PMCID: PMC10580543 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer. It is characterized by occult onset resulting in most patients being diagnosed at advanced stages and with poor prognosis. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles with a lipid bilayer envelope released by various cells under physiological and pathological conditions, which play an important role in the biological information transfer between cells. There is growing evidence that HCC cell-derived exosomes may contribute to the establishment of a favorable microenvironment that supports cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. These exosomes not only provide a versatile platform for diagnosis but also serve as a vehicle for drug delivery. In this paper, we review the role of exosomes involved in the proliferation, migration, and metastasis of HCC and describe their application in HCC diagnosis and treatment. We also discuss the prospects of exosome application in HCC and the research challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijin Liu
- Ganzhou Jingkai District People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhonghong Lai
- Department of Traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Yuan
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qing Jin
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Haibin Shen
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Dingyu Rao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.
| | - Defa Huang
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.
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2
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Asghariazar V, Kadkhodayi M, Sarailoo M, Jolfayi AG, Baradaran B. MicroRNA-143 as a potential tumor suppressor in cancer: An insight into molecular targets and signaling pathways. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 250:154792. [PMID: 37689002 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (MiRNAs), which are highly conserved and small noncoding RNAs, negatively regulate gene expression and influence signaling pathways involved in essential biological activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and cell invasion. MiRNAs have received much attention in the past decade due to their significant roles in cancer development. In particular, microRNA-143 (miR-143) is recognized as a tumor suppressor and is downregulated in most cancers. However, it seems that miR-143 is upregulated in rare cases, such as prostate cancer stem cells, and acts as an oncogene. The present review will outline the current studies illustrating the impact of miR-143 expression levels on cancer progression and discuss its target genes and their relevant signaling pathways to discover a potential therapeutic way for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Asghariazar
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Deputy of Research and Technology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Mahtab Kadkhodayi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, The University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sarailoo
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaffari Jolfayi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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3
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Zeng Y, Hu S, Luo Y, He K. Exosome Cargos as Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2365. [PMID: 37765333 PMCID: PMC10537613 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Due to the insidiousness of HCC onset and the lack of specific early-stage markers, the early diagnosis and treatment of HCC are still unsatisfactory, leading to a poor prognosis. Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicle containing various components, which play an essential part in the development, progression, and metastasis of HCC. A large number of studies have demonstrated that exosomes could serve as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of HCC. These diagnostic components mainly include proteins, microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs. The exosome biomarkers showed high sensitivity and high specificity in distinguishing HCC from health controls and other liver diseases, such as chronic HBV and liver cirrhosis. The expression of these biomarkers also exhibits correlations with various clinical factors such as tumor size, TMN stage, overall survival, and recurrence rate. In this review, we summarize the function of exosomes in the development of HCC and highlight their application as HCC biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulai Zeng
- Department of Liver Surgery, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; (Y.Z.); (S.H.)
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shuyu Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; (Y.Z.); (S.H.)
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Liver Surgery, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; (Y.Z.); (S.H.)
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Kang He
- Department of Liver Surgery, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; (Y.Z.); (S.H.)
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai 200127, China
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4
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Frans MT, Kuipers EM, Bianchi F, van den Bogaart G. Unveiling the impact of GOLM1/GP73 on cytokine production in cancer and infectious disease. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:727-734. [PMID: 37332154 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The Golgi membrane protein GOLM1/GP73/GOLPH2 has been found to impact cytokine production in both infectious disease and cancer. In viral infections, GOLM1 levels are increased, and this lowers the production of type I interferons and other inflammatory cytokines. However, elevated GOLM1 expression levels due to mutations are linked to a higher production of interleukin (IL)-6 during Candida infections, potentially explaining an increased susceptibility to candidemia in individuals carrying these mutations. In cancer, the protease Furin produces a soluble form of GOLM1 that has oncogenic properties by promoting the production of the chemokine CCL2 and suppressing the production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12 and interferon gamma. This review will focus on the role of GOLM1 in cytokine production, highlighting how it can both promote and inhibit cytokine production. It is crucial to understand this in order to effectively target GOLM1 for therapeutic purposes in diseases associated with abnormal cytokine production, including cancer and infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe T Frans
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ella M Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans Bianchi
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Lee KS, Park JY, Jeong YJ, Lee MS. The Fatal Role of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli Shiga Toxin-associated Extracellular Vesicles in Host Cells. J Microbiol 2023; 61:715-727. [PMID: 37665555 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a specific subset of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains that are characterized by their ability to cause bloody diarrhea (hemorrhagic colitis) and potentially life-threatening, extraintestinal complications such as hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which is associated with acute renal failure., contributing to severe clinical outcomes. The Shiga toxins (Stxs), produced by EHEC, are primary virulence factors. These potent cytotoxins are composed of one enzymatically active A subunit (StxA) and five receptor-binding B subunits (StxB). Although the toxins are primarily associated with cytotoxic effects, they also elicit other pathogenic consequences due to their induction of a number of biological processes, including apoptosis through ER-stress, pro-inflammatory responses, autophagy, and post-translational modification (PTM). Moreover, several studies have reported the association between Stxs and extracellular vesicles (EVs), including microvesicles and exosomes, demonstrating that Stx-containing EVs secreted by intoxicated macrophages are taken up by recipient cells, such as toxin-sensitive renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. This mechanism likely contributes to the spreading of Stxs within the host, and may exacerbate gastrointestinal illnesses and kidney dysfunction. In this review, we summarize recent findings relating to the host responses, in different types of cells in vitro and in animal models, mediated by Stxs-containing exosomes. Due to their unique properties, EVs have been explored as therapeutic agents, drug delivery systems, and diagnostic tools. Thus, potential therapeutic applications of EVs in EHEC Stxs-mediated pathogenesis are also briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Soo Lee
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Park
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jeong
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moo-Seung Lee
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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6
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GOLM1 affects proliferation, invasion, and migration by regulating Wnt pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2023.100532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Aseervatham J. Dynamic Role of Exosome microRNAs in Cancer Cell Signaling and Their Emerging Role as Noninvasive Biomarkers. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050710. [PMID: 37237523 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that originate from endosomes and are released by all cells irrespective of their origin or type. They play an important role in cell communication and can act in an autocrine, endocrine, or paracrine fashion. They are 40-150 nm in diameter and have a similar composition to the cell of origin. An exosome released by a particular cell is unique since it carries information about the state of the cell in pathological conditions such as cancer. miRNAs carried by cancer-derived exosomes play a multifaceted role by taking part in cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and immune evasion. Depending on the type of miRNA that it carries as its cargo, it can render cells chemo- or radiosensitive or resistant and can also act as a tumor suppressor. Since the composition of exosomes is affected by the cellular state, stress, and changes in the environment, they can be used as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. Their unique ability to cross biological barriers makes them an excellent choice as vehicles for drug delivery. Because of their easy availability and stability, they can be used to replace cancer biopsies, which are invasive and expensive. Exosomes can also be used to follow the progression of diseases and monitor treatment strategies. A better understanding of the roles and functions of exosomal miRNA can be used to develop noninvasive, innovative, and novel treatments for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Aseervatham
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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8
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Mendivil-Alvarado H, Limon-Miro AT, Carvajal-Millan E, Lizardi-Mendoza J, Mercado-Lara A, Coronado-Alvarado CD, Rascón-Durán ML, Anduro-Corona I, Talamás-Lara D, Rascón-Careaga A, Astiazarán-García H. Extracellular Vesicles and Their Zeta Potential as Future Markers Associated with Nutrition and Molecular Biomarkers in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076810. [PMID: 37047783 PMCID: PMC10094966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A nutritional intervention promotes the loss of body and visceral fat while maintaining muscle mass in breast cancer patients. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their characteristics can be potential biomarkers of disease. Here, we explore the changes in the Zeta potential of EVs; the content of miRNA-30, miRNA-145, and miRNA-155; and their association with body composition and biomarkers of metabolic risk in breast cancer patients, before and 6 months after a nutritional intervention. Clinicopathological data (HER2neu, estrogen receptor, and Ki67), anthropometric and body composition data, and plasma samples were available from a previous study. Plasma EVs were isolated and characterized in 16 patients. The expression of miRNA-30, miRNA-145, and miRNA-155 was analyzed. The Zeta potential was associated with HER2neu (β = 2.1; p = 0.00), Ki67 (β = -1.39; p = 0.007), estrogen positive (β = 1.57; p = 0.01), weight (β = -0.09; p = 0.00), and visceral fat (β = 0.004; p = 0.00). miRNA-30 was associated with LDL (β = -0.012; p = 0.01) and HDL (β = -0.02; p = 0.05). miRNA-155 was associated with visceral fat (β = -0.0007; p = 0.05) and Ki67 (β = -0.47; p = 0.04). Our results reveal significant associations between the expression of miRNA-30 and miRNA-155 and the Zeta potential of the EVs with biomarkers of metabolic risk and disease prognosis in women with breast cancer; particularly, the Zeta potential of EVs can be a new biomarker sensitive to changes in the nutritional status and breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Teresa Limon-Miro
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C., Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Carvajal-Millan
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C., Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Jaime Lizardi-Mendoza
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C., Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Araceli Mercado-Lara
- Undersecretariat of Prevention and Health Promotion, Secretary of Health of the Government of Mexico, Mexico City 11570, Mexico
| | | | - María L Rascón-Durán
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
| | - Iván Anduro-Corona
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C., Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Daniel Talamás-Lara
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, IPN, Mexico City 14330, Mexico
| | - Antonio Rascón-Careaga
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
| | - Humberto Astiazarán-García
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C., Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
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9
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Kalita A, Sikora-Skrabaka M, Nowakowska-Zajdel E. Role of Some microRNA/ADAM Proteins Axes in Gastrointestinal Cancers as a Novel Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Targets—A Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2917-2936. [PMID: 37185715 PMCID: PMC10136553 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are some of the most common cancers in the world and their number is increasing. Their etiology and pathogenesis are still unclear. ADAM proteins are a family of transmembrane and secreted metalloproteinases that play a role in cancerogenesis, metastasis and neoangiogenesis. MicroRNAs are small single-stranded non-coding RNAs that take part in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Some ADAM proteins can be targets for microRNAs. In this review, we analyze the impact of microRNA/ADAM protein axes in GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kalita
- Department of Nutrition-Related Disease Prevention, Department of Metabolic Disease Prevention, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
- Department of Clinical Oncology, No. 4 Provincial Specialist Hospital, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sikora-Skrabaka
- Department of Nutrition-Related Disease Prevention, Department of Metabolic Disease Prevention, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
- Department of Clinical Oncology, No. 4 Provincial Specialist Hospital, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Ewa Nowakowska-Zajdel
- Department of Nutrition-Related Disease Prevention, Department of Metabolic Disease Prevention, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
- Department of Clinical Oncology, No. 4 Provincial Specialist Hospital, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
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10
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Yao M, Liang S, Cheng B. Role of exosomes in hepatocellular carcinoma and the regulation of traditional Chinese medicine. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1110922. [PMID: 36733504 PMCID: PMC9886889 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1110922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) usually occurs on the basis of chronic liver inflammatory diseases and cirrhosis. The liver microenvironment plays a vital role in the tumor initiation and progression. Exosomes, which are nanometer-sized membrane vesicles are secreted by a number of cell types. Exosomes carry multiple proteins, DNAs and various forms of RNA, and are mediators of cell-cell communication and regulate the tumor microenvironment. In the recent decade, many studies have demonstrated that exosomes are involved in the communication between HCC cells and the stromal cells, including endothelial cells, macrophages, hepatic stellate cells and the immune cells, and serve as a regulator in the tumor proliferation and metastasis, immune evasion and immunotherapy. In addition, exosomes can also be used for the diagnosis and treatment HCC. They can potentially serve as specific biomarkers for early diagnosis and drug delivery vehicles of HCC. Chinese herbal medicine, which is widely used in the prevention and treatment of HCC in China, may regulate the release of exosomes and exosomes-mediated intercellular communication. In this review, we summarized the latest progresses on the role of the exosomes in the initiation, progression and treatment of HCC and the potential value of Traditional Chinese medicine in exosomes-mediated biological behaviors of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Yao
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (The Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Shufang Liang
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (The Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Binbin Cheng
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (The Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China,Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University (The Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Binbin Cheng,
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11
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Wang G, Luo G, Zhao M, Miao H. Significance of exosomes in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1056379. [PMID: 36531059 PMCID: PMC9748478 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1056379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the most prevalent cancers in the world, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high mortality rate. The diagnosis and management of HCC are presently hindered by difficulties in early detection and suboptimal treatment outcomes. Exosomes have been shown to play an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis and can also be used for diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we discussed the research progress on exosomes in hepatocarcinogenesis development, tumor microenvironment remodeling, treatment resistance, and immunosuppression. HCC can be diagnosed and treated by understanding the pathogenesis and identifying early diagnostic markers. This review will be a significant reference for scholars with an initial understanding of the field to fully understand the role of exosomes in the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- GuoYun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - GaiXiang Luo
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Gansu Provincial People’s Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - MeiJing Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - HuiLai Miao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Injury Diagnosis and Repair, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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12
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Yu S, Zhou L, Fu J, Xu L, Liu B, Zhao Y, Wang J, Yan X, Su J. H-TEX-mediated signaling between hepatocellular carcinoma cells and macrophages and exosome-targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:997726. [PMID: 36311698 PMCID: PMC9608495 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.997726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for the key role of the immune microenvironment in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma. As an important component of the immune microenvironment, the polarization state and function of macrophages determine the maintenance of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Hepatocellular carcinoma tumor-derived exosomes, as information carriers, regulate the physiological state of cells in the microenvironment and control cancer progression. In this review, we focus on the role of the exosome content in disease outcomes at different stages in the progression of hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. We also explore the mechanism by which macrophages contribute to the formation of hepatocellular carcinoma and summarize the regulation of macrophage functions by the heterogeneity of exosome loading in liver cancer. Finally, with the rise of exosome modification in immunotherapy research on hepatocellular carcinoma, we summarize the application prospects of exosome-based targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihang Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaying Fu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Buhan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanxin Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyu Yan, ; Jing Su,
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyu Yan, ; Jing Su,
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13
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Liu MY, Huang L, Wu JF, Zhang HB, Ai WB, Zhang RT. Possible roles of Golgi protein-73 in liver diseases. Ann Hepatol 2022; 27:100720. [PMID: 35577277 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2022.100720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Golgi protein 73 (also known as GP73 or GOLPH2) is a transmembrane glycoprotein present in the Golgi apparatus. In diseased states, GP73 is expressed by hepatocytes rather than by bile duct epithelial cells. Many studies have reported that serum GP73 (sGP73) is a marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). For HCC diagnosis, the sensitivities of sGP73 were higher than that of other markers but the specificities were lower. Considering that the concentration of GP73 is consistent with the stage of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, some studies have implied that GP73 may be a marker for liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Increased sGP73 levels may result from hepatic inflammatory activity. During liver inflammation, GP73 facilitates liver tissue regeneration. By summarizing the studies on GP73 in liver diseases, we wish to focus on the mechanism of GP73 in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yuan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University; Medical College, China Three Gorges University; Institute of Organ Fibrosis and Targeted Drug Delivery, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University; Medical College, China Three Gorges University; Institute of Organ Fibrosis and Targeted Drug Delivery, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jiang-Feng Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University; Medical College, China Three Gorges University; Institute of Organ Fibrosis and Targeted Drug Delivery, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Hong-Bing Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Bing Ai
- The Yiling Hospital of Yichang, 31 Donghu Road, Yi Ling District, Yichang 443100, Hubei, China.
| | - Rui-Tao Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University; Medical College, China Three Gorges University; Institute of Organ Fibrosis and Targeted Drug Delivery, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
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14
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GOLM1 depletion modifies cellular sphingolipid metabolism and adversely affects cell growth. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100259. [PMID: 35948172 PMCID: PMC9475319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi membrane protein 1 (GOLM1) is a Golgi-resident type 2 transmembrane protein known to be overexpressed in several cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as in viral infections. However, the role of GOLM1 in lipid metabolism remains enigmatic. In this study, we employed siRNA-mediated GOLM1 depletion in Huh-7 HCC cells to study the role of GOLM1 in lipid metabolism. Mass spectrometric lipidomic analysis in GOLM1 knockdown cells showed an aberrant accumulation of sphingolipids, such as ceramides, hexosylceramides, dihexosylceramides, sphinganine, sphingosine, and ceramide phosphate, along with cholesteryl esters. Furthermore, we observed a reduction in phosphatidylethanolamines and lysophosphatidylethanolamines. In addition, Seahorse extracellular flux analysis indicated a reduction in mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate upon GOLM1 depletion. Finally, alterations in Golgi structure and distribution were observed both by electron microscopy imaging and immunofluorescence microscopy analysis. Importantly, we found that GOLM1 depletion also affected cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in Huh-7 HCC cells. The Golgi structural defects induced by GOLM1 reduction might potentially affect the trafficking of proteins and lipids leading to distorted intracellular lipid homeostasis, which may result in organelle dysfunction and altered cell growth. In conclusion, we demonstrate that GOLM1 depletion affects sphingolipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, Golgi structure, and proliferation of HCC cells.
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15
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Zelli V, Compagnoni C, Capelli R, Corrente A, Di Vito Nolfi M, Zazzeroni F, Alesse E, Tessitore A. Role of exosomal microRNAs in cancer therapy and drug resistance mechanisms: focus on hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:940056. [PMID: 35912267 PMCID: PMC9334682 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.940056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), defined as intercellular messengers that carry their cargos between cells, are involved in several physiological and pathological processes. These small membranous vesicles are released by most cells and contain biological molecules, including nucleic acids, proteins and lipids, which can modulate signaling pathways of nearby or distant recipient cells. Exosomes, one the most characterized classes of EVs, include, among others, microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs able to regulate the expression of several genes at post-transcriptional level. In cancer, exosomal miRNAs have been shown to influence tumor behavior and reshape tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, their possible involvement in drug resistance mechanisms has become evident in recent years. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major type of liver cancer, accounting for 75-85% of all liver tumors. Although the improvement in HCC treatment approaches, low therapeutic efficacy in patients with intermediate-advanced HCC is mainly related to the development of tumor metastases, high risk of recurrence and drug resistance. Exosomes have been shown to be involved in pathogenesis and progression of HCC, as well as in drug resistance, by regulating processes such as cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and immune response. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge about the involvement of exosomal miRNAs in HCC therapy, highlighting their role as modulators of therapeutic response, particularly chemotherapy and immunotherapy, as well as possible therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Zelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Advanced Therapies, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Chiara Compagnoni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberta Capelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandra Corrente
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Vito Nolfi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Zazzeroni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Edoardo Alesse
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandra Tessitore
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Advanced Therapies, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandra Tessitore,
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16
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Wang H, Yu L, Huang P, Zhou Y, Zheng W, Meng N, He R, Xu Y, Keong TS, Cui Y. Tumor-associated Exosomes Are Involved in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tumorigenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:496-508. [PMID: 35836772 PMCID: PMC9240252 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become a challenging disease worldwide. There are still limitations in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC, and its high metastatic capacity and high recurrence rate are the main reasons for its poor prognosis. The ability of extracellular vesicles (EVs) to transfer functionally-active substances and their widespread presence in almost all body fluids suggest their unprecedented potential in the study of various cancers. The unique physicochemical properties of EVs determine their potential as antitumor vaccines and drug carriers. In the last decade, the study of EVs in HCC has evolved from a single hot topic to a system with considerable scale. This paper summarizes the role of EVs, especially exosomes, in the occurrence, metastasis and tumor immunity of HCC, reviews their applications in tumor diagnosis, prognosis and treatment, describes the pros and cons of these studies, and looks forward towards the future research directions of EVs in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yongxu Zhou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wangyang Zheng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Nanfeng Meng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Risheng He
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Correspondence to: Yunfu Cui and Yi Xu, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7393-1680 (YC), https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2720-0005 (YX). Tel: +86-451-86605113, Fax: +86-451-86605356, E-mail: (YC) or (YX); Tey Sze Keong, Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China. Tel: +852-22552706, Fax: +852-28725197, E-mail:
| | - Tey Sze Keong
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Correspondence to: Yunfu Cui and Yi Xu, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7393-1680 (YC), https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2720-0005 (YX). Tel: +86-451-86605113, Fax: +86-451-86605356, E-mail: (YC) or (YX); Tey Sze Keong, Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China. Tel: +852-22552706, Fax: +852-28725197, E-mail:
| | - Yunfu Cui
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Correspondence to: Yunfu Cui and Yi Xu, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7393-1680 (YC), https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2720-0005 (YX). Tel: +86-451-86605113, Fax: +86-451-86605356, E-mail: (YC) or (YX); Tey Sze Keong, Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China. Tel: +852-22552706, Fax: +852-28725197, E-mail:
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17
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Spano D, Colanzi A. Golgi Complex: A Signaling Hub in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:1990. [PMID: 35805075 PMCID: PMC9265605 DOI: 10.3390/cells11131990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi Complex is the central hub in the endomembrane system and serves not only as a biosynthetic and processing center but also as a trafficking and sorting station for glycoproteins and lipids. In addition, it is an active signaling hub involved in the regulation of multiple cellular processes, including cell polarity, motility, growth, autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation, DNA repair and stress responses. As such, the dysregulation of the Golgi Complex-centered signaling cascades contributes to the onset of several pathological conditions, including cancer. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the signaling pathways regulated by the Golgi Complex and implicated in promoting cancer hallmarks and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Spano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Colanzi
- Institute for Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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18
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The Effects of Qinghao-Kushen and Its Active Compounds on the Biological Characteristics of Liver Cancer Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8763510. [PMID: 35722140 PMCID: PMC9205744 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8763510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims. Artemisia annua (Qinghao) and Sophora flavescens (Kushen) are traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). They are widely used in disease therapy, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, their key compounds and targets for HCC treatment are unclear. This article mainly analyzed the vital active compounds and the mechanism of Qinghao-Kushen acting on HCC. Methods. First, we chose a traditional Chinese medicine, which has an excellent clinical effect on HCC by network meta-analysis. Then, we composed the Qinghao-Kushen herb pair and prepared the medicated serum. The active compounds of Qinghao-Kushen were verified by the LC-MS method. Next, we detected key targets from PubChem, SymMap, SwissTargetPrediction, DisGeNET, and GeneCards databases. Subsequently, the mechanism of Qinghao-Kushen was predicted by network pharmacology strategy and primarily examined in HuH-7 cells, HepG2 cells, and HepG2215 cells. Results. The effect of the Qinghao-Kushen combination was significantly better than that of single Qinghao or single Kushen in HepG2 and HuH-7 cells. Qinghao-Kushen increased the expression of activated caspase-3 protein than Qinghao or Kushen alone in HepG2 and HepG2215 cells. Network analyses and the LC-MS method revealed that the pivotal compounds of Qinghao-Kushen were matrine and scopoletin. GSK-3β was one of the critical molecules related to Qinghao-Kushen. We confirmed that Qinghao-Kushen and matrine-scopoletin decreased the expression of GSK-3β in HepG2 cells while increased GSK-3β expression in HepG2215 cells. Conclusions. This work not only illustrated that the practical components of Qinghao-Kushen on HCC were matrine and scopoletin but shed light on the inhibitory of Qinghao-Kushen and matrine-scopoletin on liver cancer cells. Moreover, Qinghao-Kushen and matrine-scopoletin had a synergistic effect over the drug alone in HuH-7, HepG2, or HepG2215 cells. GSK-3β may be a potential target for HCC therapy.
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19
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Fan Q, Yu Y, Zhou Y, Zhang S, Wu C. An emerging role of radiation‑induced exosomes in hepatocellular carcinoma progression and radioresistance (Review). Int J Oncol 2022; 60:46. [PMID: 35266016 PMCID: PMC8923655 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide are increasing, and the role of radiotherapy is currently under discussion. Radioresistance is one of the most important challenges in the therapy of HCC compared with other local advanced, recurrent and metastatic cancers. The mechanisms of radioresistance are complex and remain to be fully understood; however, extracellular vesicles have been investigated in recent studies. Exosomes, which are 40- to 150-nm extracellular vesicles released by cancer cells, contain multiple pathogenic components, including proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, and play critical functions in cancer progression. Emerging data indicate a diagnosis potential for exosomes in HCC, since radiation-derived exosomes promote radioresistance. Radiation-based therapy alters the contents and components of exosomes, suggesting that exosomes and their components may serve as prognostic and predictive biomarkers to monitor radiation response. Therefore, understanding the roles and mechanisms of exosomes in HCC progression and radiation response during HCC therapy may increase our knowledge concerning the roles of exosomes in radioresistance, and may lead to novel approaches for HCC prognosis and treatment. The current review summarizes recent studies on exosome involvement in HCC and the molecular changes in exosome components during HCC progression. It also discusses the functions of exosomes in HCC therapy, and highlights the importance of exosomes in HCC progression and resistance for the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Yueling Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Chunli Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
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20
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Song H, Zhang H, Li L. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) Restrain the Malignant Behaviors of A549 Lung Cancer Cells Under Hypoxia via miR-145. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.2926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Deriving from bone marrow, the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) possess multipolar chemotaxis, proliferation potential, along with the capability to differentiate into various types of cells. Moreover, the hypoxic stimulation can effectively induce BMSCs differentiation. This
study intends to explore the impediment of BMSCs on malignant behaviors of lung cancer stem cells under hypoxia. A co-culture system of BMSCs with A549 cells was established and then assigned into normoxia group, hypoxia group (50, 100, and 200 nmol/L) followed by analysis of cell viability
by CCK-8 assay and miR-145 expression by qRT-PCR. In addition, A549 cells were grouped into NC group, miR-145-mimics group, and miR-145-inhibitors group followed by analysis of cell invasion and levels of miR-145 and Oct4. Hypoxia group exhibited a reduced cell viability and higher miR-145
expression (146.01±21.23%) compared to normoxia group (P < 0.05). Transfection of miR-145-mimic significantly upregulated miR-145 and decreased cell invasion (7.49±1.43%) compared with miR-145-inhibitors group or NC group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, Oct4 level
in miR-145-mimics group (0.934±2.98) was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, under hypoxia condition, the co-culture with BMSCs can upregulated miR-145 level, effectively reduce the viability of lung cancer stem cells and restrain proliferation capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Song
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital (Wuhan No. 1 Hospital), Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital (Wuhan No. 1 Hospital), Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan, 430056, China
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21
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Liu Y, Hu X, Liu S, Zhou S, Chen Z, Jin H. Golgi Phosphoprotein 73: The Driver of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:783860. [PMID: 34950590 PMCID: PMC8688837 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.783860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi phosphoprotein 73 (GP73, also termed as GOLM1 or GOLPH2) is a glycosylated protein residing on cis-Golgi cisternae and highly expressed in various types of cancer tissues. Since GP73 is a secretory protein and detectable in serum derived from cancer patients, it has been regarded as a novel serum biomarker for the diagnosis of different cancers, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the functional roles of GP73 in cancer development are still poorly understood. In recent years, it has been discovered that GP73 acts as a multifunctional protein-facilitating cancer progression, and strikingly, it has been identified as a leading factor promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells and causing cancer metastasis. In this review, we have overviewed the latest findings of the functional roles of GP73 in elevating cancer progression, especially in facilitating EMT and cancer metastasis through modulating expression, transactivation, and trafficking of EMT-related proteins. In addition, unsolved research fields of GP73 have been lightened, which might be helpful to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of GP73 on EMT and provide potential approaches in therapeutics against cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyang Hu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyao Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sining Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongchuan Jin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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22
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GOLM1 exacerbates CD8 + T cell suppression in hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting exosomal PD-L1 transport into tumor-associated macrophages. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:397. [PMID: 34795203 PMCID: PMC8602261 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00784-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressive microenvironment plays an important role in tumor progression and immunotherapy responses. Golgi membrane protein 1 (GOLM1) is correlated to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and metastasis. However, little is known about the role of GOLM1 in regulating the immunosuppressive environment and its impact on immunotherapeutic efficacy in HCC. In this study, GOLM1 was positively correlated with infiltrating tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) expressed high levels of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and CD8+ T cell suppression in HCC tissues. Both gain- and loss-of-function studies determined a close correlation between GOLM1 and immunosuppression. In the mechanism, GOLM1 promoted COP9 signalosome 5-mediated PD-L1 deubiquitination in HCC cells and increased the transport of PD-L1 into exosomes via suppression of Rab27b expression. Furthermore, co-culture with exosomes derived from HCC cells upregulated the expression of PD-L1 on macrophages. Zoledronic acid in combination with anti-PD-L1 therapy reduced PD-L1+ TAMs infiltration and alleviated CD8+ T cell suppression, resulting in tumor growth inhibition in the mouse HCC model. Together, our study unveils a mechanism by which GOLM1 induces CD8+ T cells suppression through promoting PD-L1 stabilization and transporting PD-L1 into TAMs with exosome dependent. Targeting PD-L1+ TAM could be a novel strategy to enhance the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy in HCC.
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23
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Functionalized Gadofullerene Ameliorates Impaired Glycolipid Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. J Genet Genomics 2021; 49:364-376. [PMID: 34687945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The soaring global prevalence of diabetes makes it urgent to explore new drugs with high efficacy and safety. Nanomaterial-derived bioactive agents are emerging as one of the most promising candidates for biomedical application. In the present study, we investigated the anti-diabetic effects of a functionalized gadofullerene (GF) using obese db/db and non-obese MKR mouse T2DM models. In both mouse models, the diabetic phenotypes including hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were ameliorated following 2 or 4 weeks of i.p. administration of GF. GF lowered blood glucose levels in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, the restored blood glucose levels could persist 10 days after withdrawal of GF treatment. The hepatic AKT/GSK3β/FoxO1 pathway is shown to be the main target of GF for re-balancing gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis in vivo and in vitro. In addition, GF treatment significantly reduced weight gain of db/db mice with reduced hepatic fat storage by the inhibition of de novo lipogenesis through mTOR/S6K/SREBP1 pathway. Our data provide compelling evidence to support the promising application of GF for the treatment of T2DM.
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24
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Suppression of GOLM1 by EGCG through HGF/HGFR/AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin/c-Myc signaling pathway inhibits cell migration of MDA-MB-231. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 157:112574. [PMID: 34536514 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Golgi Membrane Protein 1 (GOLM1) has been identified as a prime target for cancer therapy because it overexpresses in many solid tumors, increases tumor growth and metastasis and leads to unfavorable survival. Though various approaches including siRNA interference and antibody targeting have been attempted, GOLM1 has remained an un-targetable molecule because of its mainly intracellular location and the lack of domains that could possibly be interfered with by small molecules. Numerous natural anti-tumoral plant substances have been identified, while their possible function on GOLM1 has never been revealed. This is the first report to study the relationship between GOLM1 downregulation and natural anti-tumoral plant substances and the possible mechanism. Among three tested possible migration-inhibiting natural substances (Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), Betulinic acid (BA) and Lupeol), EGCG showed the most potent inhibition effect on GOLM1 expression and MDA-MB-231 cell migration. Knocking down GOLM1 expression further increased the EGCG treatment effect. Molecular docking prediction and following experiments suggested that EGCG may inhibit GOLM1 expression and MDA-MB-231 cells migration through HGF/HGFR/AKT/GSK-3/β-catenin/c-Myc signaling pathway. In all, EGCG is the first identified GOLM1 downregulation natural product. Silencing GOLM1 may be a novel mechanism of potentiated anti-cancer migration effects and cytotoxic effect of EGCG. In addition, this study shed a new way for cancer therapy by combination of GOLM1 silencing and EGCG treatment in the future.
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25
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Zheng W, Ji D, Zhou Y, Yu L, Huang P, Zheng Y, Meng N, Wang H, Bai X, Huang Z, Chen W, Yam JWP, Xu Y, Cui Y. Exosomal non-coding RNAs in Hepatobiliary Cancer: A Rising Star. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1777-1788. [PMID: 34376575 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatobiliary cancers are a heterogeneous group of malignancies with a dismal prognosis. Despite intensive research efforts focused on these tumors, methods for early diagnosis and effective targeted therapies are still lacking. Exosomes, released by most cells, exist in all kinds of body fluids and play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. They are small membranous vesicles containing biological molecules, such as noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are not translated into proteins, but they exert effects on the regulation of gene transcription and translation. There is growing evidence for the essential roles of ncRNAs in exosomes in both physiological and pathological conditions of hepatobiliary cancers. They have been identified as sensitive diagnostic biomarkers as well as potential therapeutic targets. The present review discusses recent findings in the crosstalk between hepatobiliary cancers cells and the surrounding cells of the microenvironment and discuss their potential clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangyang Zheng
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Daolin Ji
- Forth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Yongxu Zhou
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Liang Yu
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Peng Huang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Yuling Zheng
- Department of Pediatric, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Nanfeng Meng
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Hang Wang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma/Cancer Center, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute/Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - ZiYue Huang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Wangming Chen
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Judy W P Yam
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong
| | - Yunfu Cui
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
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26
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Ma Y, Cao X, Shi G, Shi T. MiRNA-145 and Its Direct Downstream Targets in Digestive System Cancers: A Promising Therapeutic Target. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:2264-2273. [PMID: 33121400 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201029095702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in the onset and development of many diseases, including cancers. Emerging evidence shows that numerous miRNAs have the potential to be used as diagnostic biomarkers for cancers, and miRNA-based therapy may be a promising therapy for the treatment of malignant neoplasm. MicroRNA-145 (miR-145) has been considered to play certain roles in various cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, via modulating the expression of direct target genes. Recent reports show that miR-145 participates in the progression of digestive system cancers, and plays crucial and novel roles in cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the recent knowledge concerning the function of miR-145 and its direct targets in digestive system cancers. We discuss the potential role of miR-145 as a valuable biomarker for digestive system cancers and how miR-145 regulates these digestive system cancers via different targets to explore the potential strategy of targeting miR-145.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Xiu Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Guojuan Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Tianlu Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
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27
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Lee YT, Tran BV, Wang JJ, Liang IY, You S, Zhu Y, Agopian VG, Tseng HR, Yang JD. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Disease Progression and Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3076. [PMID: 34203086 PMCID: PMC8233859 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite the improvements in surveillance and treatment, the prognosis of HCC remains poor. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of phospholipid bilayer-enclosed particles circulating in the bloodstream and mediating intercellular communication. Emerging studies have shown that EVs play a crucial role in regulating the proliferation, immune escape, and metastasis of HCC. In addition, because EVs are present in the circulation at relatively early stages of disease, they are getting attention as an attractive biomarker for HCC detection. Over the past decade, dedicated efforts have been made to isolate EVs more efficiently and make them useful tools in different clinical settings. In this review article, we provide an overview of the EVs isolation methods and highlight the role of EVs as mediators in the pathogenesis and progression of HCC. Lastly, we summarize the potential applications of EVs in early-stage HCC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Te Lee
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.-T.L.); (I.Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.-R.T.)
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Benjamin V. Tran
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (B.V.T.); (V.G.A.)
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jasmine J. Wang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
| | - Icy Y. Liang
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.-T.L.); (I.Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.-R.T.)
| | - Sungyong You
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Yazhen Zhu
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.-T.L.); (I.Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.-R.T.)
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Vatche G. Agopian
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (B.V.T.); (V.G.A.)
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.-T.L.); (I.Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.-R.T.)
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Ju Dong Yang
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Comprehensive Transplant Center Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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28
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Pérez-Rodriguez S, Wulff T, Voldborg BG, Altamirano C, Trujillo-Roldán MA, Valdez-Cruz NA. Compartmentalized Proteomic Profiling Outlines the Crucial Role of the Classical Secretory Pathway during Recombinant Protein Production in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:12439-12458. [PMID: 34056395 PMCID: PMC8154153 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Different cellular processes that contribute to protein production in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been previously investigated by proteomics. However, although the classical secretory pathway (CSP) has been well documented as a bottleneck during recombinant protein (RP) production, it has not been well represented in previous proteomic studies. Hence, the significance of this pathway for production of RP was assessed by identifying its own proteins that were associated to changes in RP production, through subcellular fractionation coupled to shot-gun proteomics. Two CHO cell lines producing a monoclonal antibody with different specific productivities were used as cellular models, from which 4952 protein groups were identified, which represent a coverage of 59% of the Chinese hamster proteome. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD021014. By using SAM and ROTS algorithms, 493 proteins were classified as differentially expressed, of which about 80% was proposed as novel targets and one-third were assigned to the CSP. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, unfolded protein response, calcium homeostasis, vesicle traffic, glycosylation, autophagy, proteasomal activity, protein synthesis and translocation into ER lumen, and secretion of extracellular matrix components were some of the affected processes that occurred in the secretory pathway. Processes from other cellular compartments, such as DNA replication, transcription, cytoskeleton organization, signaling, and metabolism, were also modified. This study gives new insights into the molecular traits of higher producer cells and provides novel targets for development of new sub-lines with improved phenotypes for RP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumel Pérez-Rodriguez
- Programa
de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas,
Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología,
Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de
México, México
| | - Tune Wulff
- The
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Bjørn G. Voldborg
- The
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Claudia Altamirano
- Laboratorio
de Cultivos Celulares, Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2085 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Mauricio A. Trujillo-Roldán
- Programa
de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas,
Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología,
Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de
México, México
| | - Norma A. Valdez-Cruz
- Programa
de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas,
Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología,
Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de
México, México
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29
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Wang S, Wang T, Gu P. microRNA-145-5p Inhibits Migration, Invasion, and Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Inhibiting ARF6. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:3473-3484. [PMID: 33907470 PMCID: PMC8071082 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s300678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has the fourth highest rate of mortality among the different types of cancer worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the functions of microRNA-145-5p and AFR6 on migration, invasion and metastasis in HCC. Methods A total of 150 pairs of tumor and their matched adjacent nontumor liver tissues were collected from HCC patients. Expressions of microRNA-145-5p and AFR6 were measured by real-time PCR in HCC tissues and in HCC cell lines. The correlations between microRNA-145-5p and HCC prognosis were investigated. The proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis of HCCLM3 cells were evaluated with CCK8, wound healing, transwell, and flow cytometric experiments. Results The expression of miR-145-5p was confirmed to be downregulated not only in HCC tissues but also in several HCC cell lines compared with normal controls. A low expression level of miR-145-5p was notably associated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC and certain characteristics of metastatic tumors. In vitro, miR-145-5p negatively regulated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and induced apoptosis in HCCLM3 cells. Subsequent experiments further verified that ARF6 is a novel target of miR-145-5p and is significantly overexpressed in HCC tissues. Overexpression of ARF6 circumvented the effects of miR-145-5p in HCCLM3 cells. Conclusion miR-145-5p may play a pivotal role in HCC metastasis via regulating ARF6, and these findings may both provide further insights into the key factors of HCC metastasis and prove to be useful in the development of novel treatment options for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310051, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Gu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
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30
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Xue D, Han J, Liu Y, Tuo H, Peng Y. Current perspectives on exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (review). Cancer Biol Ther 2021; 22:279-290. [PMID: 33847207 PMCID: PMC8183537 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2021.1898728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a malignant tumor, is poor. Tumor recurrence and metastasis are the major challenges for the treatment of HCC. Various studies have demonstrated that exosomes, which are loaded with various biomolecules including nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins are involved in the recurrence and metastasis of HCC. Additionally, exosomes mediate various biological processes, such as immune response, cell apoptosis, angiogenesis, thrombosis, autophagy, and intercellular signal transduction. In cancer, exosomes regulate cancer cell differentiation, development, and drug resistance. Circular RNAs, microRNAs, and proteins in the exosomes can serve as early diagnostic and prognostic markers for HCC. As exosomes are characterized by low immunogenicity and high stability in the tissues and circulation, they can be used to deliver the drugs in cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Jingzhao Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China.,Department of Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China.,Department of Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Hongfang Tuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Yanhui Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
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31
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Xia H, Huang Z, Liu S, Zhao X, He R, Wang Z, Shi W, Chen W, Li Z, Yu L, Huang P, Kang P, Su Z, Xu Y, Yam JWP, Cui Y. Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs: Regulatory and Therapeutic Target of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:653846. [PMID: 33869059 PMCID: PMC8044750 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.653846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles secreted by most somatic cells, which can carry a variety of biologically active substances to participate in intercellular communication and regulate the pathophysiological process of recipient cells. Recent studies have confirmed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) carried by tumor cell/non-tumor cell-derived exosomes have the function of regulating the cancerous derivation of target cells and remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition, due to the unique low immunogenicity and high stability, exosomes can be used as natural vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic ncRNAs in vivo. This article aims to review the potential regulatory mechanism and the therapeutic value of exosomal ncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in order to provide promising targets for early diagnosis and precise therapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Xia
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ziyue Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuqiang Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Risheng He
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhongrui Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenguang Shi
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wangming Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhizhou Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Pengcheng Kang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhilei Su
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.,Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Judy Wai Ping Yam
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yunfu Cui
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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32
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Chen W, Mao Y, Liu C, Wu H, Chen S. Exosome in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: an update. J Cancer 2021; 12:2526-2536. [PMID: 33854614 PMCID: PMC8040701 DOI: 10.7150/jca.54566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor in the digestive tract with limited therapeutic choices. Intercellular communication among cancer cells and their microenvironment is crucial to disease progression. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by multiple types of cells into the extracellular space, which contain a variety of active components of secretory cells, including lipids, proteins, RNA and DNA. This vesicle structure involves in the exchange of materials and information between cells and plays an important role in the development of many diseases. Studies have shown that exosomes participate in the communication between HCC cells and non-HCC cells and regulate the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, exosomes may be specific biomarkers for early diagnosis and metastasis of HCC, which are also potential targets for the treatment of HCC. This review summarizes the characteristic, types and biological functions of exosomes and discusses their research progress and application prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yinqi Mao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chenbin Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Han Wu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shuying Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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33
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Honarmand Tamizkar K, Hussen BM, Taheri M. MicroRNA signature in liver cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 219:153369. [PMID: 33626406 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the 7th utmost frequent neoplasm and the 4th principal source of cancer deaths. This malignancy is linked with several environmental and lifestyle-related factors emphasizing the role of epigenetics in its pathogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been regarded as potent epigenetic mechanisms partaking in the pathogenesis of liver cancer. Dysregulation of miRNAs has been related with poor outcome of patients with liver cancer. In the current manuscript, we provide a concise review of the results of recent studies about the role of miRNAs in the progression of liver cancer and their diagnostic and prognostic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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34
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Qiu X, Shi Q, Huang Y, Jiang H, Qin S. miR-143/145 inhibits Th9 cell differentiation by targeting NFATc1. Mol Immunol 2021; 132:184-191. [PMID: 33446394 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Th9 cells are a defined CD4+ helper T cell subgroup found to promote or suppress oncogenesis in a context-dependent manner. How microRNAs (miRNAs) shape Th9 cell functionality, however, remains to be studied. Herein, we determined that miR-143/145 is downregulated during Th9 differentiation. When these miRNAs were upregulated, this inhibited Th9 differentiation, proliferation, and IL-9 production. Overexpressing miR-143/145 in Th9 cells further suppressed NFATc1 expression at the protein and mRNA level, whereas the opposite phenotype was observed when miR-143/145 was downregulated in these cells. NFATc1 silencing markedly inhibited Th9 cell differentiation, whereas overexpressing this transcription factor was sufficient to reverse miR-143/145-associated phenotypes in these cells. These findings thus indicate that the ability of miR-143/145 to inhibit Th9 cell differentiation is attributable to their ability to target and suppress NFATc1 expression. Overall, our results highlight a novel mode of action whereby miR-143/145 controls Th9 differentiation, suggesting that this pathway may be amenable to therapeutic targeting in the context of anti-cancer treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiuyue Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Youyi Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Haixing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shanyu Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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AT1R/GSK-3 β/mTOR Signaling Pathway Involved in Angiotensin II-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis after HIE Both In Vitro and In Vivo. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8864323. [PMID: 33425219 PMCID: PMC7773460 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8864323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective The focus of the present study is to evaluate the effects of Angiotensin II (Ang II) on neuronal apoptosis after HIE and the potential underlying mechanisms. Methods Primary neonatal rat cortical neurons were used to study the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) cell model. The expressions of Ang II, AT1R, GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β, mTOR, p-mTOR, Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3 were detected via western blot. IF and flow cytometry were used to evaluate neuronal apoptosis. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) was established to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Ang II in vivo. Cerebral infarction areas were detected by 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The righting and geotaxis reflexes were also recorded. In addition, Fluoro-Jade C staining and TUNEL staining were performed to evaluate neuronal degeneration and apoptosis. Results Ang II significantly increased the rate of neuronal apoptosis, upregulated the expression of cleaved caspase-3, and downregulated Bcl-2/Bax ratio after OGD insult. For vivo assay, the expressions of endogenous Ang II and AT1R gradually increased and peaked at 24 h after HIE. Ang II increased NeuN-positive AT1R cell expression. In addition, Ang II increased the area of cerebral infarction, promoted neuronal degeneration and apoptosis, aggravated neurological deficits on righting and geotaxis reflexes, and was accompanied by increased expressions of phosphorylated GSK-3β and mTOR. The application of valsartan (Ang II inhibitor) or SB216763 (GSK-3β inhibitor) reversed these phenomena triggered by Ang II following HIE. Conclusion Ang II increased neuronal apoptosis through the AT1R/GSK-3β/mTOR signaling pathway after experimental HIE both in vitro and in vivo, and Ang II may serve as a novel therapeutic target to ameliorate brain injury after HIE.
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Wang D, Liu Z, Yan Z, Liang X, Liu X, Liu Y, Wang P, Bai C, Gu Y, Zhou PK. MiRNA-155-5p inhibits epithelium-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by targeting GSK-3β during radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 697:108699. [PMID: 33259794 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) is a major lung complication in using radiotherapy to treat thoracic diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are reported to be the therapeutic targets for many diseases. However, the miRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of RIPF are rarely studied as potential therapeutic targets. Alveolar epithelial cells participate in RIPF formation by undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here we demonstrated the critical role of miR-155-5p in radiation-induced EMT and RIPF. Using the previously established EMT cell model, we found that miR-155-5p was significantly down-regulated through high-throughput sequencing. Irradiation could decrease the expression of miR-155-5p in intro and in vivo, and it was inversely correlated to RIPF formation. Ectopic miR-155-5p expression inhibited radiation-induced-EMT in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), the functional target of miR-155-5p, reversed the induction of EMT and enhanced the phosphorylation of p65, a subunit of NF-κB, which were mediated by the down-regulation of miR-155-5p. Moreover, our finding demonstrated that ectopic miR-155-5p expression alleviated RIPF in mice by the GSK-3β/NF-κB pathway. Thus, radiation downregulates miR-155-5p in alveolar epithelial cells that induces EMT, which contributes to RIPF using GSK-3β/NF-κB pathway. Our observation provides further understanding on the regulation of RIPF and identifies potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, 421001, PR China
| | - Ziyan Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Xinxin Liang
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, 421001, PR China
| | - Xiaochang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, PR China; School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, 421001, PR China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Ping Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Chenjun Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Yongqing Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, PR China; School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, 421001, PR China.
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, PR China.
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Sun W, Fu S, Wu S, Tu R. Growing Evidence of Exosomal MicroRNA-Related Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4501454. [PMID: 33313314 PMCID: PMC7719499 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4501454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the prominent cause of death in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the mechanisms behind HCC metastasis are not well understood. MicroRNAs (miRs) can regulate gene expression and affect HCC metastasis. Exosomes can transport miRs and other cargoes to and from different cells, thus being associated with tumour-distant metastasis. Exosomal miRs involve different processes of HCC metastasis through their functional effects, such as their induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and distant niche. In this review, data from the literature were analysed and summarised, with a focus on the evidence extraction of exosomal miRs in HCC metastasis with the purpose of increasing the understanding of the mechanisms behind HCC metastasis and acquiring implications for application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Sun
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570102, China
| | - Shuqi Fu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570102, China
| | - Size Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570102, China
| | - Rong Tu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570102, China
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common liver malignancies and is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Most HCC patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage and current treatments show poor therapeutic efficacy. It is particularly urgent to explore early diagnosis methods and effective treatments of HCC. There are a growing number of studies that show GOLM1 is one of the most promising markers for early diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. It is also involved in immune regulation, activation and degradation of intracellular signaling factors and promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. GOLM1 can promote HCC progression and metastasis. The understanding of the GOLM1 regulation mechanism may provide new ideas for the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuliang Yan
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute & Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Binghai Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute & Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute & Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute & Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qinghai Ye
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute & Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Zhang Y, Xi H, Nie X, Zhang P, Lan N, Lu Y, Liu J, Yuan W. Assessment of miR-212 and Other Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Treatment of HBV-infection-related Liver Diseases. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:785-798. [PMID: 31608838 DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666191011120434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our study aims to detect the sensitivity of the new biomarker miR-212 existing in serum exosomes along with other hepatocellular carcinoma biomarkers such as AFP (alpha-fetoprotein), CA125 (carbohydrate antigen-ca125), and Hbx protein in the diagnosis of HBV-related liver diseases. We also aim to study the roles of these biomarkers in the progression of chronic hepatitis B and provide scientific data to show the clinical value of these biomarkers. METHODS We selected 200 patients with HBV-infection (58 cases of chronic hepatitis B, 47 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, 30 cases of compensatory phase cirrhosis, and 65 cases of decompensatory phase cirrhosis), 31 patients with primary liver cancer without HBV infection, and 70 healthy individuals as the control group. The expression level of serum AFP and CA125 was detected with electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The expression level of the Hbx protein was detected with ELISA. Meanwhile, the expression level of miR-212 in serum was analyzed with RT-qPCR. We collected patients' clinical information following the Child-Pugh classification and MELD score criterion, and statistical analysis was made between the expression level of miR-212 and the collected clinical indexes. Lastly, we predicted the target genes of the miR-212 and its functions using bioinformatics methods such as cluster analysis and survival prediction. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the expression level of miR-212 in HBV infected patients was remarkably increased (P<0.05), especially between the HBV-infection Hepatocellular carcinoma group and the non-HBVinfection liver cancer group (P<0.05). The expression of miR-212 was increased in patients' Child-Pugh classification, MELD score, and TNM staging. Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity of miR-212 were superior to AFP, CA125, and HBx protein. CONCLUSION There is a linear relationship between disease progression and expression level of miR-212 in the serum of HBV infected patients. This demonstrates that miR-212 plays a significant role in liver diseases. miR-212 is expected to be a new biomarker used for the diagnosis and assessment of patients with HBV-infection-related liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigan Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technology of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Gansu Membrane Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huaze Xi
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technology of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Gansu Membrane Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Nie
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technology of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Gansu Membrane Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technology of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Gansu Membrane Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ning Lan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technology of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Gansu Membrane Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Lu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technology of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Gansu Membrane Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinrong Liu
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenzhen Yuan
- The Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China
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Wang H, Lu Z, Zhao X. Tumorigenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic potential of exosomes in liver cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:133. [PMID: 31815633 PMCID: PMC6902437 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, also called primary liver cancer) is one of the most fatal cancers in the world. Due to the insidiousness of the onset of HCC and the lack of effective treatment methods, the prognosis of HCC is extremely poor, and the 5-year average survival rate is less than 10%. Exosomes are nano-sized microvesicle and contain various components such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Exosomes are important carriers for signal transmission or transportation of material from cell to cell or between cells and tissues. In recent years, exosomes have been considered as potential therapeutic targets of HCC. A large number of reports indicate that exosomes play a key role in the establishment of an HCC microenvironment, as well as the development, progression, invasion, metastasis, and even the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of HCC. However, the exact molecular mechanisms and roles of exosomes in these processes remain unclear. We believe that elucidation of the regulatory mechanism of HCC-related exosomes and its signaling pathway and analysis of its clinical applications in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC can provide useful clues for future treatment regimens for HCC. This article discusses and summarizes the research progress of HCC-related exosomes and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Zaiming Lu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiangxuan Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
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41
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Wang H, Lu Z, Zhao X. Tumorigenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic potential of exosomes in liver cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:133. [DOI: doi10.1186/s13045-019-0806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, also called primary liver cancer) is one of the most fatal cancers in the world. Due to the insidiousness of the onset of HCC and the lack of effective treatment methods, the prognosis of HCC is extremely poor, and the 5-year average survival rate is less than 10%. Exosomes are nano-sized microvesicle and contain various components such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Exosomes are important carriers for signal transmission or transportation of material from cell to cell or between cells and tissues. In recent years, exosomes have been considered as potential therapeutic targets of HCC. A large number of reports indicate that exosomes play a key role in the establishment of an HCC microenvironment, as well as the development, progression, invasion, metastasis, and even the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of HCC. However, the exact molecular mechanisms and roles of exosomes in these processes remain unclear. We believe that elucidation of the regulatory mechanism of HCC-related exosomes and its signaling pathway and analysis of its clinical applications in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC can provide useful clues for future treatment regimens for HCC. This article discusses and summarizes the research progress of HCC-related exosomes and their potential clinical applications.
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