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Li H, Pan W, Li C, Cai M, Shi W, Ren Z, Lu H, Zhou Q, Shen H. Heat stress induces calcium dyshomeostasis to subsequent cognitive impairment through ERS-mediated apoptosis via SERCA/PERK/eIF2α pathway. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:280. [PMID: 38862478 PMCID: PMC11167007 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat exposure is an environmental stressor that has been associated with cognitive impairment. However, the neural mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon have yet to be extensively investigated. The Morris water maze test was utilized to assess cognitive performance. RNA sequencing was employed to discover the primary regulators and pathological pathways involved in cognitive impairment caused by heat. Before heat exposure in vivo and in vitro, activation of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER) calcium (Ca2+)-ATPase (SERCA) was achieved by CDN1163. Hematoxylin-Eosin, Nissl staining, calcium imaging, transmission electron microscopy, western blot, and immunofluorescence were utilized to visualize histological changes, intracellular calcium levels, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) markers, apoptosis, and synaptic proteins alterations. Heat stress (HS) significantly induced cognitive decline and neuronal damage in mice. By the transcriptome sequencing between control (n = 5) and heat stress (n = 5) mice in hippocampal tissues, we identified a reduction in the expression of the atp2a gene encoding SERCA, accompanied by a corresponding decrease in its protein level. Consequently, this dysregulation resulted in an excessive accumulation of intracellular calcium ions. Furthermore, HS exposure also activated ERS and apoptosis, as evidenced by the upregulation of p-PERK, p-eIF2α, CHOP, and caspase-3. Consistently, a reduction in postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and synaptophysin (SYN) expressions indicated modifications in synaptic function. Notably, the impacts on neurons caused by HS were found to be mitigated by CDN1163 treatment both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, SERCA-mediated ERS-induced apoptosis was attenuated by GSK2606414 treatment via inhibiting PERK-eIF2α-CHOP axis that not only curtailed the level of caspase-3 but also elevated the levels of PSD95 and SYN. These findings highlight the significant impact of heat stress on cognitive impairment, and further elucidate the underlying mechanism involving SERCA/PERK/eIF2α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wenlan Pan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Chenqi Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Mengyu Cai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wenjing Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zifu Ren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hongtao Lu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Qicheng Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Li Y, Hu J, Zhang Y, Yan K, Wang X, Zhou S, Xu S, Yan X, Wang Y. Complement C1q is involved in the activation of membrane attack complexes, regulation of bacterial infectious inflammation, and apoptosis through overexpression in primary cells of silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131863. [PMID: 38670188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The complement system is pivotal in innate immune defense, with Complement 1qb (C1qb) playing a key role in recognizing immune complexes and initiating the classical pathway. In this research, we cloned the full-length cDNA of silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) c1qb and demonstrated its role in mediating defense responses against Nocardia seriolae (N. seriolae) infection, which notably causes significant economic losses in the aquaculture industry. Our investigation revealed that N. seriolae infection led to tissue damage in fish bodies, as observed in tissue sections. Subsequent analysis of differential genes (DEGs) in the transcriptome highlighted genes linked to apoptosis and inflammation. Through experiments involving overexpression and interference of c1qb in vitro, we confirmed that c1qb could suppress N. seriolae-induced apoptosis and inflammation. Moreover, overexpression of c1qb hindered N. seriolae invasion, and the purified and replicated C1qb protein displayed antimicrobial properties. Additionally, our study unveiled that overexpression of c1qb might stimulate the expression of membrane attack complexes (MAC), potentially enhancing opsonization and antibacterial effects. In conclusion, our findings offer valuable insights into the immune antibacterial mechanisms of c1qb and contribute to the development of strategies for controlling N. seriolae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Li
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiabao Hu
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; School of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Geography Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Youyi Zhang
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Kaiheng Yan
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xubo Wang
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Suming Zhou
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Shanliang Xu
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
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3
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Jianfang W, Raza SHA, Pant SD, Juan Z, Prakash A, Abdelnour SA, Aloufi BH, Mahasneh ZMH, Amin AA, Shokrollahi B, Zan L. Exploring Epigenetic and Genetic Modulation in Animal Responses to Thermal Stress. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01126-5. [PMID: 38528286 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence indicating that global temperatures are rising significantly, a phenomenon commonly referred to as 'global warming', which in turn is believed to be causing drastic changes to the global climate. Global warming (GW) directly impacts animal health, reproduction, production, and welfare, presenting several challenges to livestock enterprises. Thermal stress (TS) is one of the key consequences of GW, and all animal species, including livestock, have diverse physiological, epigenetic and genetic mechanisms to respond to TS. As a result, TS can significantly affect an animals' health, immune responsiveness, metabolic pathways etc. which can also influence the productivity, performance, and welfare of animals. Moreover, prolonged exposure to TS can lead to transgenerational and intergenerational changes that are mediated by epigenetic changes. For example, in several animal species, the effects of TS are encoded epigenetically during the animals' growth or productive stage, and these epigenetic changes can be transmitted intergenerationally. Such epigenetic changes can affect animal productivity by changing the phenotype so that it aligns with its ancestors' environment, irrespective of its immediate environment. Furthermore, epigenetic and genetic changes can also help protect cells from the adverse effects of TS by modulating the transcriptional status of heat-responsive genes in animals. This review focuses on the genetic and epigenetic modulation and regulation that occurs in TS conditions via HSPs, histone alterations and DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Jianfang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Nation-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, China
| | - Sameer D Pant
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Zhao Juan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ajit Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Sameh A Abdelnour
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Bandar Hamad Aloufi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeinab M H Mahasneh
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahmed A Amin
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Borhan Shokrollahi
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Pyeongchang-gun, 25340, Republic of Korea
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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de Andrade Pantoja MH, Poleti MD, de Novais FJ, Duarte KKS, Mateescu RG, Mourão GB, Coutinho LL, Fukumasu H, Titto CG. Skin transcriptomic analysis reveals candidate genes and pathways associated with thermotolerance in hair sheep. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024; 68:435-444. [PMID: 38147121 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02602-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The skin plays an important role in thermoregulation. Identification of genes on the skin that contribute to increased heat tolerance can be used to select animals with the best performance in warm environments. Our objective was to identify candidate genes associated with the heat stress response in the skin of Santa Ines sheep. A group of 80 sheep assessed for thermotolerance was kept in a climatic chamber for 8 days at a stress level temperature of 36 °C (10 am to 04 pm) and a maintenance temperature of 28 °C (04 pm to 10 am). Two divergent groups, with seven animals each, were formed after ranking them by thermotolerance using rectal temperature. From skin biopsy samples, total RNA was extracted, quantified, and used for RNA-seq analysis. 15,989 genes were expressed in sheep skin samples, of which 4 genes were differentially expressed (DE; FDR < 0.05) and 11 DE (FDR 0.05-0.177) between the two divergent groups. These genes are involved in cellular protection against stress (HSPA1A and HSPA6), ribosome assembly (28S, 18S, and 5S ribosomal RNA), and immune response (IGHG4, GNLY, CXCL1, CAPN14, and SAA-4). The candidate genes and main pathways related to heat tolerance in Santa Ines sheep require further investigation to understand their response to heat stress in different climatic conditions and under solar radiation. It is essential to verify whether these genes and pathways are present in different breeds and to understand the relationship between heat stress and other genes identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Messy Hannear de Andrade Pantoja
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Mirele Daiana Poleti
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Francisco José de Novais
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Kelly Kéffny Souza Duarte
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Raluca G Mateescu
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gerson Barreto Mourão
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Lehmann Coutinho
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heidge Fukumasu
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Gonçalves Titto
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil.
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Liu Y, Yin S, He Y, Tang J, Pu J, Jia G, Liu G, Tian G, Chen X, Cai J, Kang B, Che L, Zhao H. Hydroxy-Selenomethionine Mitigated Chronic Heat Stress-Induced Porcine Splenic Damage via Activation of Nrf2/Keap1 Signal and Suppression of NFκb and STAT Signal. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076461. [PMID: 37047433 PMCID: PMC10094443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic heat stress (CHS) compromised the immunity and spleen immunological function of pigs, which may associate with antioxidant suppression and splenocyte apoptosis and splenic inflammation. Selenium (Se) exhibited antioxidant function and immunomodulatory through selenoprotein. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the protective effect of dietary hydroxy-selenomethionine (Selisso®, SeO) on chronic heat stress (CHS)-induced porcine splenic oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation. Growing pigs were raised in the thermoneutral environment (22 ± 2 °C) with the basal diet (BD), or raised in hyperthermal conditions (33 ± 2 °C) with BD supplied with 0.0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg Se/kg SeO for 28 d, respectively. The results showed that dietary SeO supplementation recovered the spleen mass and enhanced the splenic antioxidant capacity of CHS growing pigs. Meanwhile, SeO activated the Nrf2/Keap1 signal, downregulated p38, caspase 3 and Bax, inhibited the activation of NFκb and STAT3, and enhanced the protein expression level of GPX1, GPX3, GPX4, SELENOS and SELENOF. In summary, SeO supplementation mitigates the CHS-induced splenic oxidative damages, apoptosis and inflammation in pigs, and the processes are associated with the activation of Nrf2/Keap1 signal and the suppression of NFκb, p38(MAPK) and STAT signal. It seems that the antioxidant-related selenoproteins (GPXs) and functional selenoproteins (SELENOS and SELENOF) play important roles in the alleviation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Shenggang Yin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Ying He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayong Tang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Junning Pu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1388-064-0271
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Song J, Lee Y. Protective role of Ginseng in endomertriosis during covid-19. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:169-172. [PMID: 35971392 PMCID: PMC9365513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID) pandemic began in December 2019. Many countries have implemented restrictions such as mandatory mask wearing and social distancing. These measures have caused diverse and complex health problems, particularly in women's health, anxiety, and depression. This review examines an alternative approach to the treatment of endometriosis during the COVID pandemic. The efficacy of ginseng with anti-inflammatory activity and ability to relieve or prevent symptoms of endometriosis is discussed and reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - YoungJoo Lee
- Corresponding author. Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Kwangjingu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
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Wang X, Hu J, Liu L. Editorial: Relieving stress response in animals. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1098796. [PMID: 36590801 PMCID: PMC9795221 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1098796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Lee N, Lee JH, Won JE, Lee YJ, Hyun SH, Yi YD, In G, Han HD, Lee Y. KRG and its major ginsenosides do not show distinct steroidogenic activities examined by the OECD test guideline 440 and 456 assays. J Ginseng Res 2022; 47:385-389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
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Jeong UY, Jung J, Lee EB, Choi JH, Kim JS, Jang HH, Park SY, Lee SH. Antioxidant and Immune Stimulating Effects of Allium hookeri Extracts in the RAW 264.7 Cells and Immune-Depressed C57BL/6 Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101927. [PMID: 36290655 PMCID: PMC9598749 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the antioxidant and immune-enhancing effects of the extracts from Allium hookeri leaves and roots (AHL and AHR) in in vitro and in vivo models. Their antioxidant effects were determined by total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. The immunomodulatory effects were evaluated by nitric oxide (NO) production and cytokine concentrations produced from RAW 264.7, and by serum IgA and IgG levels, cytokine levels, and NK cell activities in the immunosuppressed C57BL/6 mice. AHL and AHR extracts improved antioxidant activities and productions of NO and cytokines without cytotoxicity in the RAW 264.7 cells. AHL and AHR groups showed significantly higher serum IgA and IgG levels, Th1 cytokine concentrations, splenocyte proliferations, and NK cell activities than the NC group which was not treated with AHL or AHR extract. AHR extract showed higher values than AHL extract in the factors evaluated in this study. The results show that they have high antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects and can be used as novel potential therapeutic candidates to treat related diseases and to improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un-Yul Jeong
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
| | - Jieun Jung
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
| | - Eun-Byeol Lee
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Choi
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
| | - Hwan-Hee Jang
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
| | - Shin-Young Park
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
| | - Sung-Hyen Lee
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-238-3681
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10
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Park SI, Lee S, Lee HY, Yim SV, Kim BH. KGR-BG1, a Standardized Korean Black Ginseng Extract, Has No Significant Effects on Head or Face Temperature Compared with Korean Red Ginseng Extract and a Placebo. J Med Food 2022; 25:636-644. [PMID: 35708631 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.k.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of studies on the effects of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) on face or body temperature. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the effects of a black ginseng extract, KGR-BG1, on head and face temperatures and compared them with those of red ginseng extract and a placebo. We assessed their safety and tolerability and examined changes in the serum levels of biomarkers associated with immune responses, as well as with glucose and lipid metabolism. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted with 180 participants. The participants were randomly assigned to the KGR-BG1, red ginseng extract, or placebo group. Each group received a 1500 mg oral dose of their respective substances containing 1000 mg of the active component or placebo twice daily for 6 weeks. After treatment, changes in the head, face, and body temperature were measured, and serum biomarkers were evaluated. A total of 172 participants completed the evaluation after 6 weeks of treatment. No significant differences were observed in the head, face, and body temperatures among the treatment groups. After 6 weeks of treatment, the serum levels of biomarkers associated with inflammation, glucose metabolism, and lipid metabolism were similar to the baseline levels in all treatment groups. KGR-BG1 was well-tolerated compared with red ginseng extract and placebo. KGR-BG1 did not significantly alter head, face, or body temperature, or serum biomarker levels, and it was well tolerated in healthy volunteers over 6 weeks of treatment. Study Registration: Registered at Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS; https://cris.nih.go.kr) as KCT0003126.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-In Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungjeong Lee
- Department of Statistics, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Vin Yim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Hyung Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Liu K, Liu E, Lin L, Hu Y, Yuan Y, Xiao W. L-theanine mediates the p38MAPK signaling pathway to alleviate heat-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:2120-2130. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03077a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
L-theanine, an active ingredient in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) associated with calming, is widely used as a functional ingredient and dietary supplement. In this study, a heat stress mouse...
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Inflammatory Mediation of Heat Stress-Induced Growth Deficits in Livestock and Its Potential Role as a Target for Nutritional Interventions: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123539. [PMID: 34944316 PMCID: PMC8698153 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Heat stress is a persistent challenge for livestock producers. Molecular changes throughout the body that result from sustained heat stress slow muscle growth and thus are detrimental to carcass yield and value. Feedlot animals are at particularly high risk for heat stress because their confinement limits their ability to pursue shade and other natural cooling behaviors. Changes in infrastructure to reduce the impact of heat stress are often cost-prohibitive, but recent studies have revealed that anti-inflammatory therapies may help to improve growth deficits in heat-stressed animals. This review describes the conditions that cause heat stress and explains the role of inflammation in muscle growth impairment. Additionally, it discusses the potential for several natural anti-inflammatory dietary additives to improve muscle growth outcomes in heat-stressed livestock. Abstract Heat stress is detrimental to well-being and growth performance in livestock, and systemic inflammation arising during chronic heat stress contributes to these poor outcomes. Sustained exposure of muscle and other tissues to inflammation can impair the cellular processes that facilitate muscle growth and intramuscular fat deposition, thus reducing carcass quality and yield. Climate change is expected to produce more frequent extreme heat events, increasing the potential impact of heat stress on sustainable livestock production. Feedlot animals are at particularly high risk for heat stress, as confinement limits their ability to seek cooling from the shade, water, or breeze. Economically practical options to circumvent heat stress in feedlot animals are limited, but understanding the mechanistic role of inflammation in heat stress outcomes may provide the basis for treatment strategies to improve well-being and performance. Feedlot animals receive formulated diets daily, which provides an opportunity to administer oral nutraceuticals and other bioactive products to mitigate heat stress-induced inflammation. In this review, we examine the complex associations between heat stress, systemic inflammation, and dysregulated muscle growth in meat animals. We also present evidence for potential nutraceutical and dietary moderators of inflammation and how they might improve the unique pathophysiology of heat stress.
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Alzarah MI, Althobiati F, Abbas AO, Mehaisen GMK, Kamel NN. Citrullus colocynthis Seeds: A Potential Natural Immune Modulator Source for Broiler Reared under Chronic Heat Stress. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071951. [PMID: 34208851 PMCID: PMC8300381 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chronic heat-stress exposure directly affects broiler immune response. Immunosuppression was demonstrated in broiler exposed to chronic heat stress with deterioration in humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Natural immune modulator material is considered as a safe material for human consumption of poultry products. Citrullus colocynthis (CC) is a natural herb plant that has traditionally been used in folk remediation. Anti-diabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory attributes are some of the CC medical properties. The present study aims to investigate the immune modulator potentials of CC seeds supplementation to chronically heat- stressed-exposed broilers. Results demonstrated that CC seeds supplementation to heat-stressed broilers was able to alleviate the negative impacts of heat stress on broiler immune responses and antioxidant status. Thus, CC seeds are suggested to be added to broilers reared under heat stress in order to improve the immune response and consequently ameliorate productivity. Abstract There is an extensive search for natural products that can be introduced to broiler rations to improve performance, especially during the unfavorable breeding conditions. Under heat-stress conditions, the immune response seriously deteriorates, which consequently impairs broiler production performance. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the potentials of Citrullus colocynthis seeds (CCs) supplementation to modulate the immune response of broilers subjected to chronic heat stress. A total of 300 Cobb-500 male broiler chickens aged 21 days were randomly divided into two equal groups and reared under either thermo-neutral condition (24 ± 1 °C) or subjected to cyclic heat stress (34 ± 1 °C for 8 h). Each group was further divided into two groups (5 replicate × 15 chicks) and was fed either the basal diet or the basal diet with 0.1% CCs supplementation. The results showed that heat stress impaired the production performance by lowering the final body weight and feed intake as well as impairing feed conversion. The levels of stress markers (i.e., malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α and corticosterone) increased (p < 0.05), whereas the activity of antioxidant enzymes decreased in broilers exposed to heat stress. Further, heat stress caused direct suppression of broiler humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. The stimulating index of T and B lymphocytes proliferation, as well as the antibody titer against sheep red blood cells, were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by heat-stress exposure. However, CCs supplementation to broilers subjected to heat stress improved (p < 0.05) the final body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR), compared to the non-supplemented stressed group. The cellular and cell-mediated immune response indicators significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) with CCs supplementation. Supplementation of CCs to broilers reared under similar environmental conditions elevated the total white blood cells (TWBCs) count and the broiler stimulating index of T and B lymphocytes. It can be concluded that CC seeds can be effectively used to stimulate the immune response and improve the production performance of broilers reared under heat-stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I. Alzarah
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fayez Althobiati
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed O. Abbas
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Gamma St., Giza 12613, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (A.O.A.); (N.N.K.)
| | - Gamal M. K. Mehaisen
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Gamma St., Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Nancy N. Kamel
- National Research Centre, Department of Animal Production, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Cairo 12622, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.O.A.); (N.N.K.)
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14
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Qu Q, Li H, Bai L, Zhang S, Sun J, Lv W, Ye C, Liu C, Shi D. Effects of Heat Stress on Gut Microbiome in Rats. Indian J Microbiol 2021; 61:338-347. [PMID: 34290462 PMCID: PMC8263838 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00948-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome, as the largest and most important micro-ecosystem, plays a critical role in health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether heat stress modulates the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome in rats. The heat stress model was prepared in rats with the heating temperature maintained at 35–38°C. Cecum contents were collected after heat stress for 3 h and days 1, 3 and 7. Total DNA was extracted for 16 S rRNA sequencing and analysis of intestinal microbiome composition and diversity. The study showed that the composition of the intestinal microbiome of heat stress group was changed. And the heat stress modulated key phylotypes of gut microbiota at the level of phylum and genus. In particular, the genus of Lactobacillus and Bacteroides were significantly reduced, whereas the Oscillospira and Clostridium were increased by heat stress. Meanwhile, the rats under the heat stress encountered the change in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and membrane transport to defense against stress. Taken together, the composition and structure of gut microbiome were affected by heat stress and some key phylotypes were also significantly altered. We conclude that the heat stress could impact multiple biological functions, via altering the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260 People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxin Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China
| | - Dayou Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China
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Dou J, Schenkel F, Hu L, Khan A, Khan MZ, Yu Y, Wang Y, Wang Y. Genome-wide identification and functional prediction of long non-coding RNAs in Sprague-Dawley rats during heat stress. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:122. [PMID: 33596828 PMCID: PMC7891137 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heat stress (HS) is a major stress event in the life of an animal, with detrimental upshots in production and health. Long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in many biological processes by transcriptional regulation. However, no research has been reported on the characterization and functionality of lncRNAs in heat-stressed rats. Results We studied expression levels of lncRNAs in rats during HS, using strand-specific RNA sequencing. Six rats, three in each of Control (22 ± 1 °C) and H120 (42 °C for 120 min) experimental groups, were used to screen for lncRNAs in their liver and adrenal glands. Totally, 4498 and 7627 putative lncRNAs were identified in liver and adrenal glands of the Control and H120 groups, respectively. The majority of lncRNAs were relatively shorter and contained fewer exons than protein-coding transcripts. In total, 482 (174 up-regulated and 308 down-regulated) and 271 (126 up-regulated and 145 down-regulated) differentially-expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs, P < 0.05) were identified in the liver and adrenal glands of the Control and H120 groups, respectively. Furthermore, 1274, 121, and 73 target differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) in the liver were predicted to interact with DElncRNAs based on trans−/cis- and sequence similarity regulatory modes. Functional annotation analyses indicated that these DEGs were mostly significantly enriched in insulin signalling, myeloid leukaemia, and glucagon signalling pathways. Similarly, 437, 73 and 41 target DEGs in the adrenal glands were mostly significantly enriched in the cell cycle (trans-prediction) and lysosome pathways (cis-prediction). The DElncRNAs interacting with DEGs that encode heat shock proteins (HSPs) may play an important role in HS response, which include Hsf4, Dnaja1, Dnajb4, Hsph1 and Hspb1 in the liver, and Dnajb13 and Hspb8 in the adrenal glands. The strand-specific RNA sequencing findings were also further verified through RT-qPCR. Conclusions This study is the first to provide a detailed characterization and functional analysis of expression levels of lncRNAs in liver and adrenal glands of heat-stressed rats, which provides basis for further studies on the biological functions of lncRNAs under heat stress in rats and other mammalian species. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07421-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhuan Dou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Flavio Schenkel
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Lirong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Adnan Khan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Zahoor Khan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yachun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Metabolic Changes in Serum Metabolome of Beagle Dogs Fed Black Ginseng. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10120517. [PMID: 33352805 PMCID: PMC7765939 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10120517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of black ginseng, which has many kinds of biological activities, on dogs was investigated. Serum samples of beagle dogs, which were fed with black ginseng for 8 weeks, were measured using high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry. Acquired NMR data from the serum of dogs fed for 0, 4, and 8 weeks were analyzed by metabolic profiling and multivariate statistical analysis. In statistical analysis and biomarker analysis results of metabolite profiles, formate, glutamine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, proline, and valine had variable importance in projection (VIP) scores above 1.0 and excellent area under the curve (AUC) values of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves above 0.9. In the result of multivariate statistical analysis, the score plot showed the discrimination between before and after feeding of black ginseng. These differences in metabolic profiles are considered to be due to the involvement of metabolic processes following black ginseng administration, such as enhancing immunity and energy metabolism. Through metabolomics analysis, we confirmed the biological efficacy of black ginseng in dogs and also confirmed that metabolomics can be applied to the pet health industry.
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Fan TT, Cheng BL, Fang XM, Chen YC, Su F. Application of Chinese Medicine in the Management of Critical Conditions: A Review on Sepsis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:1315-1330. [PMID: 32907362 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Critical care medicine is a medical specialty engaging the diagnosis and treatment of critically ill patients who have or are likely to have life-threatening organ failure. Sepsis, a life-threatening condition that arises when the body responds to infection, is currently the major cause of death in intensive care units (ICU). Although progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiology of sepsis, many drawbacks in sepsis treatment remains unresolved. For example, antimicrobial resistance, controversial of glucocorticoids use, prolonged duration of ICU care and the subsequent high cost of the treatment. Recent years have witnessed a growing trend of applying traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in sepsis management. The TCM application emphasizes use of herbal formulation to balance immune responses to infection, which include clearing heat and toxin, promoting blood circulation and removing its stasis, enhancing gastrointestinal function, and strengthening body resistance. In this paper, we will provide an overview of the current status of Chinese herbal formulations, single herbs, and isolated compounds, as an add-on therapy to the standard Western treatment in the sepsis management. With the current trajectory of worldwide pandemic eruption of newly identified Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), the adjuvant TCM therapy can be used in the ICU to treat critically ill patients infected with the novel coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Fan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Li Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Ming Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Can Chen
- Gastroenterology of Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310007, P. R. China
| | - Fan Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
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Korean Red Ginseng Suppresses the Expression of Oxidative Stress Response and NLRP3 Inflammasome Genes in Aged C57BL/6 Mouse Ovaries. Foods 2020; 9:foods9040526. [PMID: 32331214 PMCID: PMC7231237 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Female infertility and subfertility have been increasing in prevalence worldwide. One contributing factor is ovarian function, which is highly age-dependent. Korean red ginseng is widely used as an herbal medicine and has many beneficial properties. We aimed to determine the effect of the Korean red ginseng saponin fraction (KRGSF) on ovarian function in female C57BL/6 mice. Ovaries were isolated from 6- and 12-month-old female mice and treated with KRGSF, and then RNA was extracted and microarray analysis was performed. The expression of key genes was subsequently verified using quantitative RT-PCR. Aging markedly increased the expression of genes encoding oxidative stress factors and NLRP3 inflammasome components, but the expression of these genes was significantly reduced by KRGSF treatment. Thus, the reduction in ovarian health with age is associated with greater oxidative stress response and inflammation, but KRGSF treatment may limit these age-related changes.
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19
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Chei S, Song JH, Oh HJ, Lee K, Jin H, Choi SH, Nah SY, Lee BY. Gintonin-Enriched Fraction Suppresses Heat Stress-Induced Inflammation Through LPA Receptor. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051019. [PMID: 32106493 PMCID: PMC7179209 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress can be caused by various environmental factors. When exposed to heat stress, oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction occur due to an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body. In particular, inflammatory responses induced by heat stress are common in muscle cells, which are the most exposed to heat stress and directly affected. Gintonin-Enriched Fraction (GEF) is a non-saponin component of ginseng, a glycolipoprotein. It is known that it has excellent neuroprotective effects, therefore, we aimed to confirm the protective effect against heat stress by using GEF. C2C12 cells were exposed to high temperature stress for 1, 12 and 15 h, and the expression of signals was analyzed over time. Changes in the expression of the factors that were observed under heat stress were confirmed at the protein level. Exposure to heat stress increases phosphorylation of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and increases expression of inflammatory factors such as NLRP3 inflammasome through lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor. Activated inflammatory signals also increase the secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 18 (IL-18). Also, expression of glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase related to oxidative stress is increased. However, it was confirmed that the changes due to the heat stress were suppressed by the GEF treatment. Therefore, we suggest that GEF helps to protect heat stress in muscle cell and prevent tissue damage by oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoo Chei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (S.C.); (J.-H.S.); (H.-J.O.); (K.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Ji-Hyeon Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (S.C.); (J.-H.S.); (H.-J.O.); (K.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Hyun-Ji Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (S.C.); (J.-H.S.); (H.-J.O.); (K.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Kippeum Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (S.C.); (J.-H.S.); (H.-J.O.); (K.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Heegu Jin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (S.C.); (J.-H.S.); (H.-J.O.); (K.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.-H.C.); (S.-Y.N.)
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.-H.C.); (S.-Y.N.)
| | - Boo-Yong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (S.C.); (J.-H.S.); (H.-J.O.); (K.L.); (H.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-881-7155
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20
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Sandner G, Mueller AS, Zhou X, Stadlbauer V, Schwarzinger B, Schwarzinger C, Wenzel U, Maenner K, van der Klis JD, Hirtenlehner S, Aumiller T, Weghuber J. Ginseng Extract Ameliorates the Negative Physiological Effects of Heat Stress by Supporting Heat Shock Response and Improving Intestinal Barrier Integrity: Evidence from Studies with Heat-Stressed Caco-2 Cells, C. elegans and Growing Broilers. Molecules 2020; 25:E835. [PMID: 32075045 PMCID: PMC7070719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Climatic changes and heat stress have become a great challenge in the livestock industry, negatively affecting, in particular, poultry feed intake and intestinal barrier malfunction. Recently, phytogenic feed additives were applied to reduce heat stress effects on animal farming. Here, we investigated the effects of ginseng extract using various in vitro and in vivo experiments. Quantitative real-time PCR, transepithelial electrical resistance measurements and survival assays under heat stress conditions were carried out in various model systems, including Caco-2 cells, Caenorhabditis elegans and jejunum samples of broilers. Under heat stress conditions, ginseng treatment lowered the expression of HSPA1A (Caco-2) and the heat shock protein genes hsp-1 and hsp-16.2 (both in C. elegans), while all three of the tested genes encoding tight junction proteins, CLDN3, OCLN and CLDN1 (Caco-2), were upregulated. In addition, we observed prolonged survival under heat stress in Caenorhabditis elegans, and a better performance of growing ginseng-fed broilers by the increased gene expression of selected heat shock and tight junction proteins. The presence of ginseng extract resulted in a reduced decrease in transepithelial resistance under heat shock conditions. Finally, LC-MS analysis was performed to quantitate the most prominent ginsenosides in the extract used for this study, being Re, Rg1, Rc, Rb2 and Rd. In conclusion, ginseng extract was found to be a suitable feed additive in animal nutrition to reduce the negative physiological effects caused by heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Sandner
- School of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, Wels 4600, Austria; (G.S.); (V.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Andreas S. Mueller
- Delacon Biotechnik GmbH, Weissenwolffstraße 14, Steyregg 4221, Austria; (X.Z.); (J.D.v.d.K.); (S.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Xiaodan Zhou
- Delacon Biotechnik GmbH, Weissenwolffstraße 14, Steyregg 4221, Austria; (X.Z.); (J.D.v.d.K.); (S.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Verena Stadlbauer
- School of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, Wels 4600, Austria; (G.S.); (V.S.); (B.S.)
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, Tulln 3430, Austria
| | - Bettina Schwarzinger
- School of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, Wels 4600, Austria; (G.S.); (V.S.); (B.S.)
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, Tulln 3430, Austria
- Johannes Kepler University, Institute for Chemical Technology of Organic Materials, Linz, Austria 4040;
| | - Clemens Schwarzinger
- Johannes Kepler University, Institute for Chemical Technology of Organic Materials, Linz, Austria 4040;
| | - Uwe Wenzel
- Molecular Nutrition Research, Interdisciplinary Research Centre, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Klaus Maenner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition of Free University Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str.49, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Jan Dirk van der Klis
- Delacon Biotechnik GmbH, Weissenwolffstraße 14, Steyregg 4221, Austria; (X.Z.); (J.D.v.d.K.); (S.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Stefan Hirtenlehner
- Delacon Biotechnik GmbH, Weissenwolffstraße 14, Steyregg 4221, Austria; (X.Z.); (J.D.v.d.K.); (S.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Tobias Aumiller
- Delacon Biotechnik GmbH, Weissenwolffstraße 14, Steyregg 4221, Austria; (X.Z.); (J.D.v.d.K.); (S.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Julian Weghuber
- School of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, Wels 4600, Austria; (G.S.); (V.S.); (B.S.)
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, Tulln 3430, Austria
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21
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Xiong Y, Yi H, Wu Q, Jiang Z, Wang L. Effects of acute heat stress on intestinal microbiota in grow-finishing pigs, and associations with feed intake and serum profile. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:840-852. [PMID: 31671233 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study was conducted to assess the effects of acute heat stress (HS) on intestinal microbiota, and the associations with the changes in feed intake (FI) and serum profile. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty four individually housed pigs (Duroc × Large White × Landrace, 30 ± 1 kg body weight) were randomly assigned to receive one of three treatments (8 pigs/treatment): (i) thermal neutral (TN) conditions (25 ± 1°C), (ii) HS conditions (35 ± 1°C), (iii) pair-feeding (PF) with HS under TN conditions. After 24-h treatment, pigs were monitored to assess FI, and samples of serum and faeces were collected to investigate serum profile, microbial composition and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The results showed that HS decreased (P < 0·05) FI compared with the TN group. Compared with TN group, HS changed the serum profile by affecting biochemical parameters and hormones related with energy metabolism and stress response; immune indicators were also altered in HS group. Most of changes in serum profile were independent of FI reduction. Additionally, HS shifted the diversity and composition of faecal microbial community by increasing (P < 0·05) Proteobacteria and decreasing (P < 0·05) Bacteroidetes. Moreover, HS decreased (P < 0·05) the concentrations of propionate, butyrate, valerate, iso-valerate and total SCFAs in faeces in an FI-independent manner. Furthermore, the Spearman correlation analysis implied that changes of serum profile have potential correlation with alterations of faecal microbiota and their SCFAs metabolites in acute HS-treated grow-finishing pigs. CONCLUSIONS Metabolism disorders caused by 24-h acute HS associated with changes of faecal microbiota and their SCFAs metabolites in an FI-independent manner in grow-finishing pigs. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These results give us a new insight of the intestinal damage caused by acute HS and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - H Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Lee JI, Park KS, Cho IH. Panax ginseng: a candidate herbal medicine for autoimmune disease. J Ginseng Res 2019; 43:342-348. [PMID: 31308804 PMCID: PMC6606836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Panax ginseng Meyer (P. ginseng; Korean ginseng) is well known for its medicinal properties. It can alleviate pathological symptoms, promote health, and prevent potential diseases via its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, homeostatic, and other positive effects on biological metabolism. Although many studies have determined effects of P. ginseng on various diseases, such as cardiovascular, neurological, and immunological diseases, little is known about the effect of P. ginseng on autoimmune diseases. Here, we review a few reports about effects of P. ginseng on autoimmune diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, atopic dermatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis) and suggest the possibility of P. ginseng as a candidate herbal medicine to prevent and treat autoimmune diseases as well as the need to study it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Il Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine and Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Sun Park
- Department of Korean Medicine Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine and Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science and Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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23
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Iqbal H, Kim SK, Cha KM, Jeong MS, Ghosh P, Rhee DK. Korean Red Ginseng alleviates neuroinflammation and promotes cell survival in the intermittent heat stress-induced rat brain by suppressing oxidative stress via estrogen receptor beta and brain-derived neurotrophic factor upregulation. J Ginseng Res 2019; 44:593-602. [PMID: 32617039 PMCID: PMC7322747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heat stress orchestrates neurodegenerative disorders and results in the formation of reactive oxygen species that leads to cell death. Although the immunomodulatory effects of ginseng are well studied, the mechanism by which ginseng alleviates heat stress in the brain remains elusive. Methods Rats were exposed to intermittent heat stress for 6 months, and brain samples were examined to elucidate survival and antiinflammatory effect after Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) treatment. Results Intermittent long-term heat stress (ILTHS) upregulated the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase, increasing infiltration of inflammatory cells (hematoxylin and eosin staining) and the level of proinflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor α, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6], leading to cell death (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay) and elevated markers of oxidative stress damage (myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde), resulting in the downregulation of antiapoptotic markers (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) and expression of estrogen receptor beta and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, key factors in regulating neuronal cell survival. In contrast, KRG mitigated ILTHS-induced release of proinflammatory mediators, upregulated the mRNA level of the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10, and increased myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde levels. In addition, KRG significantly decreased the expression of the proapoptotic marker (Bax), did not affect caspase-3 expression, but increased the expression of antiapoptotic markers (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL). Furthermore, KRG significantly activated the expression of both estrogen receptor beta and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Conclusion ILTHS induced oxidative stress responses and inflammatory molecules, which can lead to impaired neurogenesis and ultimately neuronal death, whereas, KRG, being the antioxidant, inhibited neuronal damage and increased cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Iqbal
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Kwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Min Cha
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sik Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Prachetash Ghosh
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kwon Rhee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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24
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Song JH, Kim KJ, Chei S, Seo YJ, Lee K, Lee BY. Korean Red Ginseng and Korean black ginseng extracts, JP5 and BG1, prevent hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation induced by environmental heat stress. J Ginseng Res 2018; 44:267-273. [PMID: 32148408 PMCID: PMC7031738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Continuous exposure to high temperatures can lead to heat stress. This stress response alters the expression of multiple genes and can contribute to the onset of various diseases. In particular, heat stress induces oxidative stress by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species. The liver is an essential organ that plays a variety of roles, such as detoxification and protein synthesis. Therefore, it is important to protect the liver from oxidative stress caused by heat stress. Korean ginseng has a variety of beneficial biological properties, and our previous studies showed that it provides an effective defense against heat stress. Methods We investigated the ability of Korean Red Ginseng and Korean black ginseng extracts (JP5 and BG1) to protect against heat stress using a rat model. We then confirmed the active ingredients and mechanism of action using a cell-based model. Results Heat stress significantly increased gene and protein expression of oxidative stress–related factors such as catalase and SOD2, but treatment with JP5 (Korean Red Ginseng extract) and BG1 (Korean black ginseng extract) abolished this response in both liver tissue and HepG2 cells. In addition, JP5 and BG1 inhibited the expression of inflammatory proteins such as p-NF-κB and tumor necrosis factor alpha-α. In particular, JP5 and BG1 decreased the expression of components of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a key inflammatory signaling factor. Thus, JP5 and BG1 inhibited both oxidative stress and inflammation. Conclusions JP5 and BG1 protect against oxidative stress and inflammation induced by heat stress and help maintain liver function by preventing liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyeon Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kui-Jin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Chei
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kippeum Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Boo-Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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