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Verma N, Raghuvanshi DS, Singh RV. Recent advances in the chemistry and biology of oleanolic acid and its derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116619. [PMID: 38981335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The pentacyclic triterpenes represent a significant class of plant bioactives with a variety of structures and a wide array of biological activities. These are biosynthetically produced via the mevalonate pathway although occasionally mixed pathways may also occur to introduce structural divergence. Oleanolic acid is one of the most explored bioactive from this class of compounds and possesses a broad spectrum of pharmacological and biological activities including liver protection, anti-cancer, atherosclerosis, anti-inflammation, antibacterial, anti-HIV, anti-oxidative, anti-diabetic etc. This review provides an overview of the latest research findings, highlighting the versatile medicinal and biological potential of oleanolic and its future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narsingh Verma
- R&D, Technology, and Innovation, Merck-Life Science, Jigani, Bangalore, 560100, India
| | | | - Ravindra Vikram Singh
- R&D, Technology, and Innovation, Merck-Life Science, Jigani, Bangalore, 560100, India.
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Zhuge X, Tang R, Jiang Y, Lin L, Xi D, Yang H. A multifunctional nanoplatform for chemotherapy and nanocatalytic synergistic cancer therapy achieved by amplified lipid peroxidation. Acta Biomater 2024; 184:419-430. [PMID: 38936754 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Traditional cancer chemotherapy suffers from low efficacy and severe side effects, limiting its use as a first-line treatment. To address this issue, we investigated a novel way to induce lipid peroxidation (LPO), which plays an essential role in ferroptosis and may be useful against cancer cells and tumors. In this study, a pH-responsive synergistic cancer therapy nanoplatform was prepared using CaCO3 co-loaded with oleanolic acid (OA) and lipoxygenase (LOX), resulting in the formation OLCaP NP. This nanoplatform exhibited good drug release properties in an acidic tumor environment owing to the presence of CaCO3. As a result of acidic stimulation at tumor sites, the OLCaP NP released OA and LOX. OA, a chemotherapeutic drug with anticancer activity, is already known to promote the apoptosis of cancer cells, and LOX is a natural enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, leading to the accumulation of lipid peroxides and promoting the apoptosis of cancer cells. More importantly, OA upregulated the expression of acyl-coenzyme A synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4), which promoted enzyme-mediated LPO. Based on our combined chemotherapy and nanocatalytic therapy, the OLCaP NP not only had remarkable antitumor ability but also upregulated ACSL4 expression, allowing further amplification of LPO to inhibit tumor growth. These findings demonstrate the potential of this nanoplatform to enhance the therapeutic efficacy against tumors by inducing oxidative stress and disrupting lipid metabolism, highlighting its clinical potential for improved cancer treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study presents a novel nanoplatform that combines oleanolic acid (OA), a chemotherapeutic drug, and lipoxygenase (LOX), which oxidizes polyunsaturated fatty acids to trigger apoptosis, for targeted cancer therapy. Unlike traditional treatments, our nanoplatform exhibits pH-responsive drug release, specifically in acidic tumor environments. This innovation enhances the therapeutic effects of OA and LOX, upregulating acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 expression and amplifying lipid peroxidation to promote tumor cell apoptosis. Our findings significantly advance the existing literature by demonstrating a synergistic approach that combines chemotherapy and nanocatalytic therapy. The scientific impact of this work lies in its potential to improve cancer treatment efficacy and specificity, offering a promising strategy for clinical applications and future research in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhuge
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Shandong 276005, China
| | - Ruping Tang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Shandong 276005, China
| | - Yao Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Life Science, Linyi University, Shandong 276005, China
| | - Lisen Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Dongmei Xi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Life Science, Linyi University, Shandong 276005, China.
| | - Huanghao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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Teclegeorgish ZW, Mokgalaka NS, Kemboi D, Krause RWM, Siwe-Noundou X, Nyemba GR, Davison C, de la Mare JA, Tembu VJ. Phytochemicals from Pterocarpus angolensis DC and Their Cytotoxic Activities against Breast Cancer Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:301. [PMID: 38276759 PMCID: PMC10818308 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Pterocarpus anglonesis DC is an indigenous medicinal plant belonging to the Pterocarpus genus of the Fabaceae family. It is used to treat stomach problems, headaches, mouth ulcers, malaria, blackwater fever, gonorrhea, ringworm, diarrhea, heavy menstruation, and breast milk stimulation. Column chromatography of the stem bark extracts resulted in the isolation of eight compounds, which included friedelan-3-one (1), 3α-hydroxyfriedel-2-one (2), 3-hydroxyfriedel-3-en-2-one (3), lup-20(29)-en-3-ol (4), Stigmasta-5-22-dien-3-ol (5), 4-O-methylangolensis (6), (3β)-3-acetoxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (7), and tetradecyl (E)-ferulate (8). The structures were established based on NMR, IR, and MS spectroscopic analyses. Triple-negative breast cancer (HCC70), hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (MCF-7), and non-cancerous mammary epithelial cell lines (MCF-12A) were used to test the compounds' cytotoxicity. Overall, the compounds showed either no toxicity or very low toxicity to all three cell lines tested, except for the moderate toxicity displayed by lupeol (4) towards the non-cancerous MCF-12A cells, with an IC50 value of 36.60 μM. Compound (3β)-3-acetoxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (7) was more toxic towards hormone-responsive (MCF-7) breast cancer cells than either triple-negative breast cancer (HCC70) or non-cancerous breast epithelial (MCF-12A) cells (IC50 values of 83.06 vs. 146.80 and 143.00 μM, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zecarias W. Teclegeorgish
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0083, South Africa; (Z.W.T.); (N.S.M.)
| | - Ntebogeng S. Mokgalaka
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0083, South Africa; (Z.W.T.); (N.S.M.)
| | - Douglas Kemboi
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0083, South Africa; (Z.W.T.); (N.S.M.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kabianga, Kericho 2030-20200, Kenya
| | - Rui W. M. Krause
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa;
| | - Xavier Siwe-Noundou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, P.O. Box 60, Medunsa, Pretoria 0204, South Africa;
| | - Getrude R. Nyemba
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Female Cancers Research at Rhodes University (FemCR2U), Makhanda 6140, South Africa; (G.R.N.); (C.D.)
| | - Candace Davison
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Female Cancers Research at Rhodes University (FemCR2U), Makhanda 6140, South Africa; (G.R.N.); (C.D.)
| | - Jo-Anne de la Mare
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Female Cancers Research at Rhodes University (FemCR2U), Makhanda 6140, South Africa; (G.R.N.); (C.D.)
| | - Vuyelwa J. Tembu
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0083, South Africa; (Z.W.T.); (N.S.M.)
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Zhang YY, Li MZ, Shen HH, Abudukeyoumu A, Xie F, Ye JF, Xu FY, Sun JS, Li MQ. Ginsenosides in endometrium-related diseases: Emerging roles and mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115340. [PMID: 37625321 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides, agents extracted from an important herb (ginseng), are expected to provide new therapies for endometrium-related diseases. Based on the molecular types of ginsenosides, we reviewed the main pharmacological effects of ginsenosides against endometrium-related diseases (e.g., endometrial cancers, endometriosis, and endometritis). The mechanism of action of ginsenosides involves inducing apoptosis of endometrium-related cells, promoting autophagy of endometrium-related cells, regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in endometrium-related cells, and activating the immune system to kill cells associated with endometrial diseases. We hope to provide a theoretical foundation for the treatment of endometrium-related diseases by ginsenosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Zhang
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao-Zhi Li
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Hui Shen
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ayitila Abudukeyoumu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Jiading Maternal Child Health Hospital, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xie
- Medical Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Cervical and Intrauterine Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Feng Ye
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Feng-Yuan Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jian-Song Sun
- School of Life Science and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China.
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Xie L, Zhao YX, Zheng Y, Li XF. The pharmacology and mechanisms of platycodin D, an active triterpenoid saponin from Platycodon grandiflorus. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1148853. [PMID: 37089949 PMCID: PMC10117678 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1148853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese doctors widely prescribed Platycodon grandiflorus A. DC. (PG) to treat lung carbuncles in ancient China. Modern clinical experiences have demonstrated that PG plays a crucial role in treating chronic pharyngitis, plum pneumonia, pneumoconiosis, acute and chronic laryngitis, and so forth. Additionally, PG is a food with a long history in China, Japan, and Korea. Furthermore, Platycodin D (PLD), an oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin, is one of the active substances in PG. PLD has been revealed to have anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-oxidation, anti-obesity, anticoagulant, spermicidal, anti-tumor etc., activities. And the mechanism of the effects draws lots of attention, with various signaling pathways involved in these processes. Additionally, research on PLD’s pharmacokinetics and extraction processes is under study. The bioavailability of PLD could be improved by being prescribed with Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. or by creating a new dosage form. PLD has been recently considered to have the potential to be a solubilizer or an immunologic adjuvant. Meanwhile, PLD was discovered to have hemolytic activity correlated. PLD has broad application prospects and reveals practical pharmacological activities in pre-clinical research. The authors believe that these activities of PLD contribute to the efficacy of PG. What is apparent is that the clinical translation of PLD still has a long way to go. With the help of modern technology, the scope of clinical applications of PLD is probable to be expanded from traditional applications to new fields.
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Yang YH, Dai SY, Deng FH, Peng LH, Li C, Pei YH. Recent advances in medicinal chemistry of oleanolic acid derivatives. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113397. [PMID: 36029846 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA), a ubiquitous pentacyclic oleanane-type triterpene isolated from edible and medicinal plants, exhibits a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities and tremendous therapeutic potential. However, the undesirable pharmacokinetic properties limit its application and development. Numerous researches on structural modifications of OA have been carried out to overcome this limitation and improve its pharmacokinetic and therapeutic properties. This review aims to compile and summarize the recent progresses in the medicinal chemistry of OA derivatives, especially on structure-activity relationship in the last few years (2010-2021). It gives insights into the rational design of bioactive derivatives from OA scaffold as promising therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Si-Yang Dai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Fu-Hua Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Li-Huan Peng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China.
| | - Yue-Hu Pei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China.
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Gao CX, Tang CH, Wu TJ, Hu Y, Peng YL, Liu ML, Liu QW, Chen HF, Yang ZH, Zheng X. Anticancer activity of oleanolic acid and its derivatives modified at A-ring and C-28 position. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2022:1-14. [PMID: 36151896 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2022.2120863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) is a five-ring triterpenoid compound, which is widely present in plants. Due to a wide range of pharmacological activities, oleanolic acid has attracted more and more attention. However, oleanolic acid is insoluble in water and has low bioavailability, which limits its clinical application. In this review, we focus on summarizing the anti-cancer activity and mechanism of the A ring or C-28 carboxyl modified derivatives of OA since 2015, to determine the strength of its anti-cancer effectiveness and evaluate whether it could be used as a clinical anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Xi Gao
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Cai-Hong Tang
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ting-Juan Wu
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ya-Ling Peng
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Mei-Ling Liu
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Qian-Wen Liu
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Hong-Fei Chen
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ze-Hua Yang
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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Han L, Liu J, Yang Y, Zhang H, Gao L, Li Y, Chang S, Sun X. Pseudo-sapogenin DQ 3-mimaleate acid derivative induces ovarian carcinoma cell apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:427-434. [PMID: 35418544 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, four novel ginsenosides fatty acid and aromatic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their cytotoxic effects on human ovarian carcinoma cells (SKOV3) were assessed using the MTT assay. The results demonstrated that all derivatives inhibited SKOV3 cell growth, and Compound 3 showed the most outstanding anti-proliferative effect on SKOV3 cells. The IC50 value of Compound 3 was 33.8 ± 2.21 μM, less than half of that of cis-platinum (70.1 ± 7.64 μM). Subsequent analysis revealed that Compound 3 could promote SKOV3 cell apoptosis, and the percentage of apoptotic cell population increased with increasing Compound 3 concentrations. In addition, the expression ratios of Bax/Bcl-2, cleaved-Caspase-3/Caspase-3 and cleaved-Caspase-9/Caspase-9 were gradually elevated in Compound 3-treated SKOV3 cells compared with control cells. Furthermore, translocation of Bax to mitochondria was associated with the release of Cytochrome C. Molecular docking analysis revealed three hydrogen-bonds existed in Compound 3 with PARP receptor (PDB code: 5DSY), which may be the target of the anti-ovarian cancer effect of Compound 3. Altogether, our study indicates that Compound 3 induces SKOV3 cell apoptosis via ROS-dependent mitochondrial pathway, and can serve as an anti-cancer agent for treating ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Han
- College of pharmacy, Jilin Medical University
| | - Jiahuan Liu
- College of pharmacy, Jilin Medical University
| | - Yuxin Yang
- College of pharmacy, Jilin Medical University
| | | | | | - Yawei Li
- College of pharmacy, Jilin Medical University
| | - Sheng Chang
- College of pharmacy, Jilin Medical University
| | - Xin Sun
- College of pharmacy, Jilin Medical University
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Tang ZY, Li Y, Tang YT, Ma XD, Tang ZY. Anticancer activity of oleanolic acid and its derivatives: Recent advances in evidence, target profiling and mechanisms of action. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112397. [PMID: 34798468 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA, 3 β - hydroxyoleanolic acid-12-en-28-oic acid) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid present in many plants. As a new framework for development of semi synthetic triterpenoids, OA is of great significance in the discovery of anticancer drugs. Some of these derivatives, such as CDDO (2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1, 9 (11)-dien-28-oic acid) have been verified in clinical trials, while other derivatives studied previously, such as SZC014, SZC015 and SZC017 (OA derivatives respectively), are also candidate drugs for cancer treatment. This paper reviews the preclinical studies, literature evidence, target analysis and anticancer mechanism of OA and its derivatives. The mechanism of action of its derivatives mainly includes anti-cancer cell proliferation, inducing tumor cell apoptosis, inducing autophagy, regulating cell cycle regulatory proteins, inhibiting vascular endothelial growth, anti angiogenesis, inhibiting tumor cell migration and invasion. In recent years, the molecular mechanism of OA and its derivatives has been elucidated. These effects seem to be mediated by the alterations in a variety of signaling pathways induced by OA and its derivatives. In conclusion, OA and its derivatives are considered as important candidate drugs for the treatment of cancer, indicating that OA and its derivatives have the potential to be used as anticancer drugs in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yuan Tang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130021, Jilin, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China
| | - Yu-Ting Tang
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Ma
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China
| | - Ze-Yao Tang
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, PR China.
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Gupta N. A Review on Recent Developments in the Anticancer Potential of Oleanolic acid and its analogs (2017-2020). Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:600-616. [PMID: 35135459 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210810153627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid class of natural product known to possess a broad range of biological activities, specifically, anticancer. Considering the anticancer potential of OA, a large number of analogs have been prepared by several researchers through modifications at C-3, C-12 and C-28 -COOH to develop the potent anticancer agents with improved cytotoxicity and pharmaceutical properties. Some of the synthesized derivatives have been assessed in clinical trials also. This review summarizes the most recent synthetic and biological efforts in the development of oleanolic acid and its analogs during the period 2017-2020. Reports published during this period revealed that both OA and its analogs possess a remarkable potential for the development of effective anticancer agents along with several others such as anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-microbial and anti-diabetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MM College of Pharmacy, M. M. University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana. India
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Tumor-suppressing effect of bartogenic acid in ovarian (SKOV-3) xenograft mouse model. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:1815-1826. [PMID: 34255109 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bartogenic acid (BA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, proved to have chemomodulatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-arthritic, and anti-inflammatory activity. Based on structure-activity relationship (SAR) approaches, BA has close structural resemblance to oleanolic acid and ursolic acid. These two pentacyclic triterpenoids are well accepted with respect to their therapeutic value in various ailments including anti-cancer activity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of BA as a possible antitumor agent, along with its safety in SKOV-3 ovarian cancer. In vitro cytotoxicity of BA and paclitaxel on human ovarian cancer cells (SKOV-3) was assessed using MTT assay. Antitumor potential of BA alone, standard anticancer drug (paclitaxel) alone, and BA in combination with paclitaxel were evaluated in SKOV-3 xenografted SCID mice. Immunohistochemical analysis of NF-κB was performed and analyzed in SKOV-3 tumors. BA alone and BA in combination with paclitaxel significantly inhibited the tumor growth. IC50 of BA was found to be 15.72 μM. Similarly, paclitaxel showed significant antitumor effect with IC50 of 3.234 μM. Treatments of paclitaxel, BA, and combination of BA with paclitaxel were well tolerated during treatment period. Immunohistochemical analysis of NF-κB in SKOV-3 tumors treated with BA in combination with paclitaxel revealed antitumor effect in terms of inhibition of NF-κB. Our results suggested that BA exhibits promising antitumor effect in the restriction of SKOV-3 cells and tumors with considerable safety.
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Zhu FD, Zhang ZH, Chi SM, Chen SL, Wang YF, Zhu HY, Lei Z, Zhao Y. Experimental and molecular docking investigation of the inclusion complexes between 20(S)-protopanaxatriol and four modified β-cyclodextrins. Carbohydr Res 2021; 500:108256. [PMID: 33561714 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
20(S)-Protopanaxatriol (PPT) is a type of ginsenoside isolated from panax notoginseng or ginseng, which is an essential ingredient in functional food, healthcare products and traditional medicine. However, the research and development of PPT are restricted due to its poor solubility. To circumvent the associated problems, a novel bridged-bis [6-(2,2'-(ethylenedioxy) bis (ethylamine))-6-deoxy-β-CD] (H4) was successfully synthesized. The four inclusion complexes of the mono-[6-(1,4-butanediamine)-6-deoxy-β-CD] (H1), mono-[6-(2,2'-(ethylenedioxy) bis (ethylamine)-6-deoxy-β-CD] (H2) and their corresponding bridged bis(β-CD)s (H3, H4) with PPT were prepared and studied by UV, 1H NMR, 2D ROESY, FT-IR, XRD and SEM technology. The UV-spectrometric titration showed that H1-4 and PPT formed 1:1 inclusion complexes and the binding constants were 297.61, 322.25, 937.88 and 1742 M-1, respectively. It was further revealed that the size/shape-matching relationship, hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bond interactions play the crucial role in determining the stability of H1-4/PPT inclusion complexes. The solubility of PPT was evidently enhanced by193, 265, 453 and 593 times after the formation of inclusion complexes with H1-4, respectively. Furthermore, molecular docking was used to verify the inclusion mode of H4/PPT inclusion complex and also to investigate the stability of H4/PPT in water phase. The molecular simulation results agreed well with the experimental results. This research provides an effective way to obtain novel PPT-based functional food and healthcare products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Dao Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Zhao-Hua Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Shao-Ming Chi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Si-Ling Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Yu-Fei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Hong-You Zhu
- Guangdong Goodscend Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Shantou, 515098, PR China
| | - Ze Lei
- Guangdong Goodscend Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Shantou, 515098, PR China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, PR China.
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Wang F, Roh YS. Mitochondrial connection to ginsenosides. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:1031-1045. [PMID: 33113096 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role in energy synthesis and supply, thereby maintaining cellular function, survival, and energy homeostasis via mitochondria-mediated pathways, including apoptosis and mitophagy. Ginsenosides are responsible for most immunological and pharmacological activities of ginseng, a highly beneficial herb with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective properties. Studies have shown that ginsenosides assist in regulating mitochondrial energy metabolism, oxidative stress, biosynthesis, apoptosis, mitophagy, and the status of membrane channels, establishing mitochondria as one of their most important targets. This article reviews the regulatory effects of ginsenosides on the mitochondria and highlights their beneficial role in treating mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, South Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Roh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, South Korea.
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14
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Sen A. Prophylactic and therapeutic roles of oleanolic acid and its derivatives in several diseases. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:1767-1792. [PMID: 32518769 PMCID: PMC7262697 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i10.1767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) and its derivatives are widely found in diverse plants and are naturally effective pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds with broad prophylactic and therapeutic roles in various diseases such as ulcerative colitis, multiple sclerosis, metabolic disorders, diabetes, hepatitis and different cancers. This review assembles and presents the latest in vivo reports on the impacts of OA and OA derivatives from various plant sources and the biological mechanisms of OA activities. Thus, this review presents sufficient data proposing that OA and its derivatives are potential alternative and complementary therapies for the treatment and management of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaattin Sen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri 38080, Turkey
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