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Xue C, Cao Z, Tong X, Yang P, Li S, Chen X, Liu D, Huang W. Investigation of CuCoFe-LDH as an efficient and stable catalyst for the degradation of acetaminophen in heterogeneous electro-Fenton system: Key operating parameters, mechanisms and pathways. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 327:116787. [PMID: 36442449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals, as anthropogenic pollutants in a wide range of water sources, generally require specific treatment methods for degradation. A trimetallic layered double hydroxide (CuCoFe-LDH) was successfully fabricated by coprecipitation and applied as a novel heterogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) catalyst for the degradation of acetaminophen (ACT) from aqueous environments. The EF experiments showed that the CuCoFe-LDH/EF process achieved 100% of ACT degradation efficiency within 60 min at pH = 5, catalyst dosage of 0.50 g/L, current density of 10 mA/cm2 and initial ACT concentration of 20 mg/L. An impressive (>80%) mineralization of ACT was obtained over a wide pH range (pH 3-9) after 180 min. Meanwhile, the role of ·OH and O2.- were certified by radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis. Through mechanism exploration, the coexistence of Cu and Co on Fe-based LDHs can accelerate the interfacial electron transfer and promote the formation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus facilitating the EF process. Furthermore, the degradation by-products and possible degradation pathways of ACT in the CuCoFe-LDH/EF process were proposed. The reusability test and the treatment of various typical organic pollutants experiments indicated that the CuCoFe-LDH/EF process has excellent stability and broad application prospects. This work provides a valuable reference for the treatment of pharmaceuticals by the heterogeneous EF process in a wide range of pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zhenhua Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xiaoqin Tong
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Peizhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Songrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Wenli Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Rashidashmagh F, Doekhi-Bennani Y, Tizghadam-Ghazani M, van der Hoek JP, Mashayekh-Salehi A, Heijman BSGJ, Yaghmaeian K. Synthesis and characterization of SnO 2 crystalline nanoparticles: A new approach for enhancing the catalytic ozonation of acetaminophen. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 404:124154. [PMID: 33065457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel sol-gel method was employed in this study to efficiently synthesize SnO2 nanoparticles to catalyze the ozonation of acetaminophen (ACT) from aqueous solutions. The influence of various parameters including Sn source, type of capping and alkaline agents, and calcination temperature on the catalytic activity of the SnO2 preparations was investigated. The SnO2 nanoparticles prepared by tin tetrachloride as Sn source, NaOH as gelatin agent, CTAB as capping agent and at calcination temperature of 550 °C (SnNaC-550) exhibited the maximum performance in the catalysis of ACT. The optimized catalyst (SnNaC-550) had spherical-homogeneous and cubic-shaped nanocrystalline particles with 5.5 nm mean particle size and a BET surface area of 81 m2/g, which resulted in 98% degradation and 84% mineralization of 50 mg/L ACT at 20 and 30 min reaction time, respectively when combined with ozonation (COP). Based on the radical scavenger experiments, •OH was the major oxidizing agent involved in the removal of ACT. LC/MS analysis showed that short-chain carboxylic acids were the main intermediates. Furthermore, the SnNaC-550 catalytic activity was preserved after four successive cycles. Collectively, the new method has the potential to efficiently synthesize stable and reusable SnO2 nanoparticles to catalyze the ozonation of ACT from aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rashidashmagh
- Water and Environmental Engineering faculty, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | | | | | - Ali Mashayekh-Salehi
- School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
| | - Bas S G J Heijman
- Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Kamyar Yaghmaeian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Tufail A, Price WE, Hai FI. A critical review on advanced oxidation processes for the removal of trace organic contaminants: A voyage from individual to integrated processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 260:127460. [PMID: 32673866 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), such as photolysis, photocatalysis, ozonation, Fenton process, anodic oxidation, sonolysis, and wet air oxidation, have been investigated extensively for the removal of a wide range of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs). A standalone AOP may not achieve complete removal of a broad group of TrOCs. When combined, AOPs produce more hydroxyl radicals, thus performing better degradation of the TrOCs. A number of studies have reported significant improvement in TrOC degradation efficiency by using a combination of AOPs. This review briefly discusses the individual AOPs and their limitations towards the degradation of TrOCs containing different functional groups. It also classifies integrated AOPs and comprehensively explains their effectiveness for the degradation of a wide range of TrOCs. Integrated AOPs are categorized as UV irradiation based AOPs, ozonation/Fenton process-based AOPs, and electrochemical AOPs. Under appropriate conditions, combined AOPs not only initiate degradation but may also lead to complete mineralization. Various factors can affect the efficiency of integrated processes including water chemistry, the molecular structure of TrCOs, and ions co-occurring in water. For example, the presence of organic ions (e.g., humic acid and fulvic acid) and inorganic ions (e.g., halide, carbonate, and nitrate ions) in water can have a significant impact. In general, these ions either convert to high redox potential radicals upon collision with other reactive species and increase the reaction rates, or may act as radical scavengers and decrease the process efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbab Tufail
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - William E Price
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Lab, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Faisal I Hai
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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Wang Y, Li H, Yi P, Zhang H. Degradation of clofibric acid by UV, O 3 and UV/O 3 processes: Performance comparison and degradation pathways. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 379:120771. [PMID: 31255848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, ozonation (O3) and their combination (UV/O3) were used to decompose clofibric acid (CA). The results show that UV system exhibited a very high CA removal rate (0.20 min-1) but the lowest mineralization (14.8%) accompanied by the formation of more toxic products. Ozonation achieved a much lower removal rate (0.05 min-1) but a higher mineralization efficiency (22.7%) in comparison with UV photolysis. The introduction of UV irradiation into O3 system significantly enhanced the removal rate (0.21 min-1) and the mineralization efficiency (68.2%) of CA. The acute toxicity of the reaction solution to Daphnia magna in the UV/O3 process increased during the first 20 min and then decreased, which illustrates that UV/O3 is an effective and safe method for the removal of CA. The intermediate products were identified by LC-MS analysis and the degradation pathways for all the three processes were proposed. The direct photolysis and hydrous electron reduction contributed to the CA elimination in UV alone process. In O3 alone system, the removal of CA occurred via direct ozone oxidation and indirect free radical oxidation. The free radical, ozone, hydrous electron and direct photolysis were involved in the degradation of CA in the UV/O3 process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 129(#), Wuhan 430079, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Donghua Road 9(#), Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Huiyuan Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 129(#), Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Pan Yi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 129(#), Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 129(#), Wuhan 430079, China.
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Sousa LS, Chagas P, Oliveira LCAD, Castro CSD. Carbon/Fe xO y magnetic composites obtained from PET and red mud residues: paracetamol and dye oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:2840-2852. [PMID: 29577817 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1457723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Composite materials from PET and red mud (RM) wastes were used as catalysts for environmental application such as the wastewater treatment. The PET-RM catalysts were obtained by a mechanical mixture of the residues followed by thermal treatment under an N2 atmosphere (300°C/1 h). An additional activation of the composites with CO2 was investigated (at 800-900°C) to reduce the red mud basicity. The CO2 activation affected the composites surface area and reduced their carbon content. XRD revealed that the haematite (α-Fe2O3) and maghemite/magnetite are the main iron oxides present in the composites. Mössbauer characterization indicated the formation of reduced iron species (Fe2+), highly reactive, after the composites heat treatment. The materials were very active catalysts for methylene blue (MB) and paracetamol (PRC) removal from aqueous solution. The catalytic activity revealed to be dependent on the surface area and mainly of the presence of reduced iron species in the catalysts. The MB removal reached 97% for both PET-RM 800/2 h and PET-RM 800/5 h, after 1 h of reaction. In the case of PRC, the highest removal was also obtained for PET-RM 800/2 h and PET-RM 800/5 h, of ≈25% and 40%, respectively. The contaminants removal mechanism likely occurred through combined adsorption and Fenton-like oxidation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo S Sousa
- a Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Alfenas , Poços de Caldas , Brazil
| | - Poliane Chagas
- b Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | | | - Cinthia Soares de Castro
- a Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Alfenas , Poços de Caldas , Brazil
- b Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
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6
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Shi W, Ji S, Xu Q, Duan X, Song Z, Xu G. Treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater containing clofibric acid by electron beam irradiation. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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7
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Wang L, Fang J, Zhang X, Xu X, Kong X, Wu Z, Hua Z, Ren Z, Guo K. Feasibility of the solar/chlorine treatment for lipid regulator degradation in simulated and real waters: The oxidation chemistry and affecting factors. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:123-131. [PMID: 30925404 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the feasibility and mechanisms of solar/chlorine process in the removal of a kind of emerging contaminants, lipid regulators (gemfibrozil (GFRZ), benzafibrate (BZF), and clofibric acid (CA)), in simulated and real waters. These lipid regulators could be effectively removed by solar/chlorine treatment, and their corresponding pseudo-first-order rate constants (k') increased with increasing chlorine dosage. The degradation of GFRZ and BZF was primarily ascribed to reactive chlorine species (RCS) and ozone, while that of CA was mainly attributable to hydroxyl radical (HO) and ozone. As pH rose from 5.0 to 8.4, kozone' of GFRZ and BZF increased, while kHO' decreased. However, kRCS' of GFRZ increased by 130%, while that of BZF decreased by 43.3%. These changes resulted in slight changes in the overall k's with increasing pH. k's of GFRZ, BZF, and CA by solar/chorine treatment were inhibited by natural organic matter (NOM) while the presence of bromide enhanced the degradation of GFRZ by solar/chlorine process. The degradation of lipid regulators was still effective in a secondary wastewater effluent sample and a sand-filtered water sample, although that was inhibited due to the dissolve organic matter (DOM) contained in real waters. The acute toxicity during the degradation of GFRZ by solar/chlorine treatment was comparable to that by treatment with chlorine alone. This study demonstrated that RCS played an important role in the degradation of micropollutants by the solar/chlorine treatment and the feasibility of solar/chlorine process in the application for the degradation of organic compounds in real waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Hebei Environmental Monitoring Center, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Xibing Xu
- China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation International Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100121, China
| | - Xiujuan Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Zihao Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhechao Hua
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ziran Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Kaiheng Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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8
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Li S, Tang Y, Zhang J, Hao W, Chen W, Gu F, Hu Z, Li L. Advanced and green ozonation process for removal of clofibric acid in water system: Preparation and mechanism analysis of efficient copper-substituted MCM-48. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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9
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Zhang L, Shi Q, Guo Y, Xu D, Wang H, Wang L, Bian Z. Interface optimization by impedance spectroscopy and photoelectrocatalytic degradation of clofibric acid. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.01.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Rosman N, Salleh W, Mohamed MA, Jaafar J, Ismail A, Harun Z. Hybrid membrane filtration-advanced oxidation processes for removal of pharmaceutical residue. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 532:236-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.07.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Kong X, Wu Z, Ren Z, Guo K, Hou S, Hua Z, Li X, Fang J. Degradation of lipid regulators by the UV/chlorine process: Radical mechanisms, chlorine oxide radical (ClO •)-mediated transformation pathways and toxicity changes. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 137:242-250. [PMID: 29550727 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of three lipid regulators, i.e., gemfibrozil, bezafibrate and clofibric acid, by a UV/chlorine treatment was systematically investigated. The chlorine oxide radical (ClO•) played an important role in the degradation of gemfibrozil and bezafibrate with second-order rate constants of 4.2 (±0.3) × 108 M-1 s-1 and 3.6 (±0.1) × 107 M-1 s-1, respectively, whereas UV photolysis and the hydroxyl radical (HO•) mainly contributed to the degradation of clofibric acid. The first-order rate constants (k') for the degradation of gemfibrozil and bezafibrate increased linearly with increasing chlorine dosage, primarily due to the linear increase in the ClO• concentration. The k' values for gemfibrozil, bezafibrate, and clofibric acid degradation decreased with increasing pH from 5.0 to 8.4; however, the contribution of the reactive chlorine species (RCS) increased. Degradation of gemfibrozil and bezafibrate was enhanced in the presence of Br-, whereas it was inhibited in the presence of natural organic matter (NOM). The presence of ammonia at a chlorine: ammonia molar ratio of 1:1 resulted in decreases in the k' values for gemfibrozil and bezafibrate of 69.7% and 7%, respectively, but led to an increase in that for clofibric acid of 61.8%. Degradation of gemfibrozil by ClO• was initiated by hydroxylation and chlorine substitution on the benzene ring. Then, subsequent hydroxylation, bond cleavage and chlorination reactions led to the formation of more stable products. Three chlorinated intermediates were identified during ClO• oxidation process. Formation of the chlorinated disinfection by-products chloral hydrate and 1,1,1-trichloropropanone was enhanced relative to that of other by-products. The acute toxicity of gemfibrozil to Vibrio fischeri increased significantly when subjected to direct UV photolysis, whereas it decreased when oxidized by ClO•. This study is the first to report the transformation pathway of a micropollutant by ClO•.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zihao Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ziran Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Kaiheng Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shaodong Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhechao Hua
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xuchun Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Armaković S, Armaković SJ, Tomić BT, Pillai RR, Panicker CY. Adsorption properties of graphene towards the ephedrine – A frequently used molecule in sport. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Shankaraiah G, Saritha P, Bhagawan D, Himabindu V, Vidyavathi S. Photochemical oxidation of antibiotic gemifloxacin in aqueous solutions – A comparative study. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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14
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Degradation of Triton X-100 surfactant/lipid regulator systems by ionizing radiation in water. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Zaghdoudi M, Fourcade F, Soutrel I, Floner D, Amrane A, Maghraoui-Meherzi H, Geneste F. Direct and indirect electrochemical reduction prior to a biological treatment for dimetridazole removal. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 335:10-17. [PMID: 28414944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two different electrochemical reduction processes for the removal of dimetridazole, a nitroimidazole-based antibiotic, were examined in this work. A direct electrochemical reduction was first carried out in a home-made flow cell in acidic medium at potentials chosen to minimize the formation of amino derivatives and then the formation of azo dimer. Analysis of the electrolyzed solution showed a total degradation of dimetridazole and the BOD5/COD ratio increased from 0.13 to 0.24. An indirect electrochemical reduction in the presence of titanocene dichloride ((C5H5)2TiCl2), which is used to reduce selectively nitro compounds, was then investigated to favour the formation of amino compounds over hydroxylamines and then to prevent the formation of azo and azoxy dimers. UPLC-MS/MS analyses showed a higher selectivity towards the formation of the amino compound for indirect electrolyses performed at pH 2. To confirm the effectiveness of the electrochemical reduction, a biological treatment involving activated sludge was then carried out after direct and indirect electrolyses at different pH. The enhancement of the biodegradability was clearly shown since mineralization yields of all electrolyzed solutions increased significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melika Zaghdoudi
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, UMR-CNRS 6226, Equipe MaCSE, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France; Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, UMR-CNRS 6226, 11 allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 3570 Renne Cedex 7, France; Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, LR99ES15 Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et d'Electrochimie, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Florence Fourcade
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, UMR-CNRS 6226, 11 allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 3570 Renne Cedex 7, France
| | - Isabelle Soutrel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, UMR-CNRS 6226, 11 allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 3570 Renne Cedex 7, France
| | - Didier Floner
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, UMR-CNRS 6226, Equipe MaCSE, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Abdeltif Amrane
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, UMR-CNRS 6226, 11 allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 3570 Renne Cedex 7, France.
| | - Hager Maghraoui-Meherzi
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, LR99ES15 Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et d'Electrochimie, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Florence Geneste
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, UMR-CNRS 6226, Equipe MaCSE, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.
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Le TXH, Nguyen TV, Amadou Yacouba Z, Zoungrana L, Avril F, Nguyen DL, Petit E, Mendret J, Bonniol V, Bechelany M, Lacour S, Lesage G, Cretin M. Correlation between degradation pathway and toxicity of acetaminophen and its by-products by using the electro-Fenton process in aqueous media. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 172:1-9. [PMID: 28064122 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of the degradation by-products of an acetaminophen (ACE) solution was monitored by HPLC-UV/MS and IC in parallel with its ecotoxicity (Vibrio fischeri 81.9%, Microtox® screening tests) during electro-Fenton (EF) oxidation performed on carbon felt. The aromatic compounds 2-hydroxy-4-(N-acetyl) aminophenol, 1,4-benzoquinone, benzaldehyde and benzoic acid were identified as toxic sub-products during the first stage of the electrochemical treatment, whereas aliphatic short-chain carboxylic acids (oxalic, maleic, oxamic, formic, acetic and fumaric acids) and inorganic ions (ammonium and nitrate) were well identified as non-toxic terminal sub-products. Electrogenerated hydroxyl radicals then converted the eco-toxic and bio-refractory property of initial ACE molecule (500 mL, 1 mM) and subsequent aromatic sub-products into non-toxic compounds after 2 h of EF treatment. The toxicity of every intermediate produced during the mineralization of ACE was quantified, and a relationship was established between the degradation pathway of ACE and the global toxicity evolution of the solution. After 8 h of treatment, a total organic carbon removal of 86.9% could be reached for 0.1 mM ACE at applied current of 500 mA with 0.2 mM of Fe2+ used as catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Xuan Huong Le
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France; Van Lang University, 45 Nguyen Khac Nhu, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Van Nguyen
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Zoulkifli Amadou Yacouba
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Laetitia Zoungrana
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Florent Avril
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Duy Linh Nguyen
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Eddy Petit
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Mendret
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Valerie Bonniol
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Mikhael Bechelany
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Stella Lacour
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Geoffroy Lesage
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France.
| | - Marc Cretin
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France.
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Limousy L, Ghouma I, Ouederni A, Jeguirim M. Amoxicillin removal from aqueous solution using activated carbon prepared by chemical activation of olive stone. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:9993-10004. [PMID: 27515525 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A chemical-activated carbon (CAC) was prepared by phosphoric acid activation of olive stone. The CAC was characterized using various analytical techniques and evaluated for the removal of amoxicillin from aqueous solutions under different operating conditions (initial concentration, 12.5-100 mg L-1, temperature, 20-25 °C, contact time, 0-7000 min). The CAC characterization indicates that it is a microporous carbon with a specific surface area of 1174 m2/g and a pore volume of 0.46 cm3/g and contains essentially acidic functional groups. The adsorption tests indicated that 93 % of amoxicillin was removed at 20 °C for 25 mg L-1 initial concentration. Moreover, it was found that adsorption capacity increased with contact time and temperature. Kinetic study shows that the highest correlation was obtained for the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, which confirms that the process of adsorption of amoxicillin is mainly chemisorption. Using the intraparticle diffusion model, the mechanism of the adsorption process was determined. The equilibrium data analysis showed that the Sips and Langmuir models fitted well the experimental data with maximal adsorption capacities of 67.7 and 57 mg/g, respectively, at 25 °C. The chemical-activated carbon of olive stones could be considered as an efficient adsorbent for amoxicillin removal from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Limousy
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhoue, CNRS, UMR 7361, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France.
| | - Imen Ghouma
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhoue, CNRS, UMR 7361, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France
- Laboratoire Génie des Procédés et Systèmes Industriels, Ecole Nationale des Ingénieurs de Gabès, Université de Gabès, Zrig Eddakhlania, Tunisia
| | - Abdelmottaleb Ouederni
- Laboratoire Génie des Procédés et Systèmes Industriels, Ecole Nationale des Ingénieurs de Gabès, Université de Gabès, Zrig Eddakhlania, Tunisia
| | - Mejdi Jeguirim
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhoue, CNRS, UMR 7361, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France
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Lu X, Shao Y, Gao N, Chen J, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Lu Y. Adsorption and removal of clofibric acid and diclofenac from water with MIEX resin. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 161:400-411. [PMID: 27448753 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the use of MIEX resin as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of clofibric acid (CA) and diclofenac (DCF). The adsorption performance of CA and DCF are investigated by a batch mode in single-component or bi-component adsorption system. Various factors influencing the adsorption of CA and DCF, including initial concentration, contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial solution pH, agitation speed, natural organic matter and coexistent anions are studied. The Langmuir model can well describe CA adsorption in single-component system, while the Freundlich model gives better fitting in bi-component system. The DCF adsorption can be well fitted by the Freundlich model in both systems. Thermodynamic analyses show that the adsorption of CA and DCF is an endothermic (ΔH(o) > 0), entropy driven (ΔS(o) > 0) process and more randomness exists in the DCF adsorption process. The values of Gibbs free energy (ΔG(o) < 0) indicate the adsorption of DCF is spontaneous but nonspontaneous (ΔG(o) > 0) for CA adsorption. The kinetic data suggest the adsorption of CA and DCF follow the pseudo-first-order model in both systems and the intra-particle is not the unique rate-limiting step. The adsorption process is controlled simultaneously by external mass transfer and surface diffusion according to the surface diffusion modified Biot number (Bis) ranging from 1.06 to 26.15. Moreover, the possible removal mechanism for CA and DCF is respectively proposed based on the ion exchange stoichiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yisheng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; China Academy of Urban Planning & Design, Beijing, China.
| | - Naiyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juxiang Chen
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yansen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiongfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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García-Galán MJ, Anfruns A, Gonzalez-Olmos R, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Comas J. UV/H2O2degradation of the antidepressants venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine: Elucidation of their transformation pathway and environmental fate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 311:70-80. [PMID: 26954478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to investigate the removal and transformation of the antidepressants venlafaxine (VFX) and its main metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine (DVFX) upon advanced oxidation with UV/H2O2 under lab conditions. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analyses were carried out by means of ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-linear ion trap high resolution Orbitrap instrument (LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) in order to elucidate the different transformation products (TPs) generated. The depletion of both VFX and DVFX was very significant, with the 99.9% of both compounds eliminated after 5 and 30 min of reaction, respectively. Eleven TPs for VFX and six for DVFX were detected and their molecular structures elucidated by means of MS(2) and MS(3) scans, and the corresponding degradation pathways were proposed. The combined ecotoxicity at different treatment times was evaluated by means of bioluminescence inhibition assays with the marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri. Results showed an increase in the ecotoxicity during the UV/H2O2 experiment, especially at those reaction times where the total abundance of TPs was higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Jesús García-Galán
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Spain.
| | - Alba Anfruns
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Rafael Gonzalez-Olmos
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Spain; IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz
- ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Comas
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Spain; ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain
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20
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García-Galán MJ, Anfruns A, Gonzalez-Olmos R, Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Comas J. Advanced oxidation of the antibiotic sulfapyridine by UV/H₂O₂: Characterization of its transformation products and ecotoxicological implications. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 147:451-459. [PMID: 26789837 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to investigate, under lab-scale conditions, the removal and transformation of the antibiotic sulfapyridine (SPY) upon advanced oxidation with UV/H2O2. High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analyses by means of an ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-linear ion trap high resolution Orbitrap instrument (LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) were carried out in order to elucidate the different transformation products (TPs) generated. The abatement (>99%) of the antibiotic was only achieved after 180 min, highlighting its resilience to elimination and its potential persistence in the environment A total of 10 TPs for SPY were detected and their molecular structures elucidated by means of MS(2) and MS(3) scans. Finally, the combined ecotoxicity at different treatment times was evaluated by means of bioluminescence inhibition assays with the marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Jesús García-Galán
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Spain.
| | - Alba Anfruns
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Rafael Gonzalez-Olmos
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Spain; IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Rodriguez-Mozaz
- ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Comas
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Spain; ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain
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21
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Yahya MS, El Karbane M, Oturan N, El Kacemi K, Oturan MA. Mineralization of the antibiotic levofloxacin in aqueous medium by electro-Fenton process: kinetics and intermediate products analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 37:1276-1287. [PMID: 26508263 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1111427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the feasibility of using electro-Fenton (EF) process for the oxidative degradation of antibiotic levofloxacin (LEV). The EF experiments have been performed in an electrochemical cell using a carbon-felt cathode. The effect of applied current in the range 60-500 mA and catalyst concentration in the range 0.05-0.5 mM on the kinetics of oxidative degradation and mineralization efficiency have been investigated. Degradation of LEV by hydroxyl radicals was found to follow pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The absolute rate constant for oxidative degradation of LEV by hydroxyl radical has been determined by a competition kinetics method and found to be (2.48 ± 0.18) × 10(9) M(-1) s(-1). An optimum current value of 400 mA and a catalyst (Fe(2+)) concentration of 0.1 mM were observed to be optimal for an effective degradation of LEV under our operating conditions. Mineralization of aqueous solution of LEV was performed by the chemical oxygen demand analysis and an almost mineralization degree (>91%) was reached at the end of 6 h of electrolysis. A number of intermediate products have been identified using high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chrmatography-mass spectrometry analyses. Based on these identified reaction intermediates, a plausible reaction pathway has been suggested for the mineralization process. The formation and evolution of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ions released to the medium during the process were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Sh Yahya
- a Laboratoire d'Électrochimie et Chimie Analytique (LECA) , Université Mohammed V- Agdal , Rabat , Morocco
| | - Miloud El Karbane
- b Physicochemical Service, Drugs Quality Control Laboratory, Division of Drugs and Pharmacy , Ministry of Health , Rabat , Morocco
| | - Nihal Oturan
- c Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE) , Université Paris-Est , Marne-la-Vallée , France
| | - Kacem El Kacemi
- a Laboratoire d'Électrochimie et Chimie Analytique (LECA) , Université Mohammed V- Agdal , Rabat , Morocco
| | - Mehmet A Oturan
- c Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE) , Université Paris-Est , Marne-la-Vallée , France
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Carlson JC, Stefan MI, Parnis JM, Metcalfe CD. Direct UV photolysis of selected pharmaceuticals, personal care products and endocrine disruptors in aqueous solution. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 84:350-361. [PMID: 26282501 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are micropollutants of emerging concern that have been detected in the aquatic environment and in some cases, in drinking water at nanogram per liter levels. The goal of this study was to evaluate the removal of 15 model PPCPs and EDCs from water by direct UV photolysis, using either low (LP)-or medium (MP) -pressure mercury vapor arc lamps. Some of the model compounds are either weak bases or weak acids, and therefore, the pKa values were determined or confirmed for those compounds using spectrophotometric titrations. The molar absorption coefficients of ionized and non-ionized forms were also determined. The quantum yields at 253.7 nm in phosphate buffer solutions of pH 7.2 were determined to be 0.033 ± 0.004 for sulfamethoxazole, 0.0035 ± 0.0008 for sulfachloropyridazine, 0.006 ± 0.002 for acetaminophen, 0.34 ± 0.07 for triclosan, 0.35 ± 0.14 for estrone, 0.08 ± 0.05 for 17α-ethinylestradiol, 0.086 ± 0.012 for ibuprofen. The quantum yield for 4-n-nonylphenol photolysis at 253.7 nm varied with the initial concentration from 0.32 ± 0.08 at 23 μg/L to 0.092 ± 0.006 at 230 μg/L. The pseudo-first order rate constants determined for direct photolysis at 253.7 nm of the studied micropollutants followed the order: triclosan ≈ sulfamethoxazole >> 4-n-nonylphenol ≈ sulfachloropyridazine ≈ estrone > acetaminophen ≈ 17α-ethinylestradiol ≈ ibuprofen. In contrast to the results observed for the monochromatic radiation (LP lamp), all 15 model compounds photolyzed under exposure to the broadband radiation emitted by the MP lamp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules C Carlson
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Mihaela I Stefan
- Trojan Technologies, 3020 Gore Road, London, ON, N5V 4T7, Canada
| | - J Mark Parnis
- Department of Chemistry, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Chris D Metcalfe
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada.
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Martignac M, Balayssac S, Gilard V, Benoit-Marquié F. Photochemical Degradation of the Anticancer Drug Bortezomib by V-UV/UV (185/254 nm) Investigated by (1)H NMR Fingerprinting: A Way to Follow Aromaticity Evolution. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:6215-22. [PMID: 25919339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b01856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the removal of bortezomib, an anticancer drug prescribed in multiple myeloma, using the photochemical advanced oxidation process of V-UV/UV (185/254 nm). We used two complementary analytical techniques to follow the removal rate of bortezomib. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a nonselective method requiring no prior knowledge of the structures of the byproducts and permits us to provide a spectral signature (fingerprinting approach). This untargeted method provides clues to the molecular structure changes and information on the degradation of the parent drug during the irradiation process. This holistic NMR approach could provide information for monitoring aromaticity evolution. We use liquid chromatography, coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS), to correlate results obtained by (1)H NMR and for accurate identification of the byproducts, in order to understand the mechanistic degradation pathways of bortezomib. The results show that primary byproducts come from photoassisted deboronation of bortezomib at 254 nm. A secondary byproduct of pyrazinecarboxamide was also identified. We obtained a reliable correlation between these two analytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Martignac
- †Derichebourg Aqua, 1 rond point de Flotis, 31240 Saint Jean, France.,§Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique (IMRCP), UMR CNRS 5623, Université de Toulouse III (Paul Sabatier, UPS), 118, route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Stéphane Balayssac
- ‡Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (LSPCMIB), Goupe de RMN Biomédicale, UMR CNRS 5068, Université de Toulouse III (Paul Sabatier, UPS), 118, route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Véronique Gilard
- ‡Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (LSPCMIB), Goupe de RMN Biomédicale, UMR CNRS 5068, Université de Toulouse III (Paul Sabatier, UPS), 118, route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Florence Benoit-Marquié
- §Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique (IMRCP), UMR CNRS 5623, Université de Toulouse III (Paul Sabatier, UPS), 118, route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
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Lindholm-Lehto PC, Knuutinen JS, Ahkola HSJ, Herve SH. Refractory organic pollutants and toxicity in pulp and paper mill wastewaters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:6473-99. [PMID: 25647495 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This review describes medium and high molecular weight organic material found in wastewaters from pulp and paper industry. The aim is to review the versatile pollutants and the analysis methods for their determination. Among other pollutants, biocides, extractives, and lignin-derived compounds are major contributors to harmful effects, such as toxicity, of industrial wastewaters. Toxicity of wastewaters from pulp and paper mills is briefly evaluated including the methods for toxicity analyses. Traditionally, wastewater purification includes mechanical treatment followed by chemical and/or biological treatment processes. A variety of methods are available for the purification of industrial wastewaters, including aerobic and anaerobic processes. However, some fractions of organic material, such as lignin and its derivatives, are difficult to degrade. Therefore, novel chemical methods, including electrochemical and oxidation processes, have been developed for separate use or in combination with biological treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra C Lindholm-Lehto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland,
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25
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Sun Q, Wang Y, Li L, Bing J, Wang Y, Yan H. Mechanism for enhanced degradation of clofibric acid in aqueous by catalytic ozonation over MnOx/SBA-15. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 286:276-284. [PMID: 25590821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Comparative experiments were conducted to investigate the catalytic ability of MnO(x)/SBA-15 for the ozonation of clofibric acid (CA) and its reaction mechanism. Compared with ozonation alone, the degradation of CA was barely enhanced, while the removal of TOC was significantly improved by catalytic ozonation (O3/MnO(x)/SBA-15). Adsorption of CA and its intermediates by MnO(x)/SBA-15 was proved unimportant in O3/MnO(x)/SBA-15 due to the insignificant adsorption of CA and little TOC variation after ceasing ozone in stopped-flow experiment. The more remarkably inhibition effect of sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) on the removal of TOC in catalytic ozonation than in ozonation alone elucidated that MnO(x)/SBA-15 facilitated the generation of hydroxyl radicals (OH), which was further verified by electron spin-resonance spectroscopy (ESR). Highly dispersed MnO(x) on SBA-15 were believed to be the main active component in MnO(x)/SBA-15. Some intermediates were indentified and different degradation routes of CA were proposed in both ozonation alone and catalytic ozonation. The amounts of small molecular carboxylic acids (i.e., formic acid (FA), acetic acid (AA) and oxalic acid (OA)) generated in catalytic ozonation were lower than in ozonation alone, resulting from the generation of more OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Sun
- School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Laisheng Li
- School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jishuai Bing
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yingxin Wang
- School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huihua Yan
- School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Ma W, Gu Z, Nan H, Geng B, Zhang X. Morphology-controllable synthesis of 3D firecracker-like ZnO nanoarchitectures for high catalytic performance. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce02151g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Shoabargh S, Karimi A, Dehghan G, Khataee A. A hybrid photocatalytic and enzymatic process using glucose oxidase immobilized on TiO2/polyurethane for removal of a dye. J IND ENG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2013.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Csay T, Rácz G, Salik Á, Takács E, Wojnárovits L. Reactions of clofibric acid with oxidative and reductive radicals—Products, mechanisms, efficiency and toxic effects. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sarkar S, Ali S, Rehmann L, Nakhla G, Ray MB. Degradation of estrone in water and wastewater by various advanced oxidation processes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 278:16-24. [PMID: 24937659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive study was conducted to determine the relative efficacy of various advanced oxidation processes such as O3, H2O2, UV, and combinations of UV/O3, UV/H2O2 for the removal of estrone (E1) from pure water and secondary effluent. In addition to the parent compound (E1) removal, performance of the advanced oxidation processes was characterized using removal of total organic carbon (TOC), and estrogenicity of the effluent. Although E1 removal was high for all the AOPs, intermediates formed were more difficult to degrade leading to slow TOC removal. Energy calculations and cost analysis indicated that, although UV processes have low electricity cost, ozonation is the least cost option ($ 0.34/1000 gallons) when both capital and operating costs were taken into account. Ozonation also is superior to the other tested AOPs due to higher removal of TOC and estrogenicity. The rate of E1 removal decreased linearly with the background TOC in water, however, E1 degradation in the secondary effluent from a local wastewater treatment plant was not affected significantly due to the low COD values in the effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhajit Sarkar
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A5B9, Canada
| | - Sura Ali
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A5B9, Canada
| | - Lars Rehmann
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A5B9, Canada
| | - George Nakhla
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A5B9, Canada
| | - Madhumita B Ray
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A5B9, Canada.
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Quero-Pastor M, Valenzuela A, Quiroga JM, Acevedo A. Degradation of drugs in water with advanced oxidation processes and ozone. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2014; 137:197-203. [PMID: 24681556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to assess the degradation of a mixture of ibuprofen and clofibric acid and to study the mineralization and toxicity following ozone treatment. To this end, a comparison is presented of the experimental results obtained from ozone treatment using atmospheric air as the feed gas (Experiment I, [O3] = 15 gN/m(3)), with and without addition of H2O2, and those obtained under the same conditions but using concentrated oxygen as the feed gas, obtained by pressure swing adsorption technology (Experiment II, [O3] = 200 gN/m(3)). All tests were conducted using a pilot scale reactor. Under (Experiment II) conditions, degradation exceeded 99% and up to 60% mineralization was achieved for initial compound concentrations, and hydraulic retention time was reduced by 75% compared to (Experiment I). The results of toxicity tests show through increasing the production of ozone gas in (Experiment II), toxicity was eliminated at initial study concentrations of ≤1 mg/l for all treatment times studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Quero-Pastor
- Department of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Polígono Rio San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Alvaro Valenzuela
- Ingeniería del Ozono, S.L., Conde de Guevara 5, nave 2, Polígono Industrial El Palmar, El Puerto de Santa María 11500, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jose M Quiroga
- Department of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Polígono Rio San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Asuncion Acevedo
- Department of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Polígono Rio San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Sanchis S, Polo AM, Tobajas M, Rodriguez JJ, Mohedano AF. Coupling Fenton and biological oxidation for the removal of nitrochlorinated herbicides from water. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 49:197-206. [PMID: 24333521 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The combination of Fenton and biological oxidation for the removal of the nitrochlorinated herbicides alachlor, atrazine and diuron in aqueous solution has been studied. The H2O2 dose was varied from 20 to 100% of the stoichiometric amount related to the initial chemical oxygen demand (COD). The effluents from Fenton oxidation were analyzed for ecotoxicity, biodegradability, total organic carbon (TOC), COD and intermediate byproducts. The chemical step resulted in a significant improvement of the biodegradability in spite of its negligible or even slightly negative effect on the ecotoxicity. Working at 60% of the stoichiometric H2O2 dose allowed obtaining highly biodegradable effluents in the cases of alachlor and atrazine. That dose was even lower (40% of the stoichiometric) for diuron. The subsequent biological treatment was carried out in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and the combined Fenton-biological treatment allowed up to around 80% of COD reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sanchis
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Sección Departamental de Ingeniería Química, Carretera Madrid-Colmenar Viejo Km 12.700, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - A M Polo
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Sección Departamental de Ingeniería Química, Carretera Madrid-Colmenar Viejo Km 12.700, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Tobajas
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Sección Departamental de Ingeniería Química, Carretera Madrid-Colmenar Viejo Km 12.700, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J J Rodriguez
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Sección Departamental de Ingeniería Química, Carretera Madrid-Colmenar Viejo Km 12.700, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A F Mohedano
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Sección Departamental de Ingeniería Química, Carretera Madrid-Colmenar Viejo Km 12.700, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Kansal SK, Kundu P, Sood S, Lamba R, Umar A, Mehta SK. Photocatalytic degradation of the antibiotic levofloxacin using highly crystalline TiO2 nanoparticles. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj01619f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly crystalline TiO2 (anatase) nanoparticles were synthesized by a facile sol–gel method for the photocatalytic degradation and inhibition of the commonly used antibiotic drug, levofloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar Kansal
- Dr. S. S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Pranati Kundu
- Dr. S. S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Swati Sood
- Department of Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Randeep Lamba
- Department of Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science and Arts
- Najran University
- Najran-11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED)
| | - S. K. Mehta
- Department of Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh-160014, India
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Espejo A, Aguinaco A, García-Araya JF, Beltrán FJ. Sequential ozone advanced oxidation and biological oxidation processes to remove selected pharmaceutical contaminants from an urban wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2014; 49:1015-1022. [PMID: 24798900 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2014.894845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sequential treatments consisting in a chemical process followed by a conventional biological treatment, have been applied to remove mixtures of nine contaminants of pharmaceutical type spiked in a primary sedimentation effluent of a municipal wastewater. Combinations of ozone, UVA black light (BL) and Fe(III) or Fe₃O₄ catalysts constituted the chemical systems. Regardless of the Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP), the removal of pharmaceutical compounds was achieved in 1 h of reaction, while total organic carbon (TOC) only diminished between 3.4 and 6%. Among selected ozonation systems to be implemented before the biological treatment, the application of ozone alone in the pre-treatment stage is recommended due to the increase of the biodegradability observed. The application of ozone followed by the conventional biological treatment leads high TOC and COD removal rates, 60 and 61%, respectively, and allows the subsequent biological treatment works with shorter hydraulic residence time (HRT). Moreover, the influence of the application of AOPs before and after a conventional biological process was compared, concluding that the decision to take depends on the characterization of the initial wastewater with pharmaceutical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azahara Espejo
- a Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Química Física , Universidad de Extremadura , Badajoz , Spain
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Liu Z, Zhou X, Chen X, Dai C, Zhang J, Zhang Y. Biosorption of clofibric acid and carbamazepine in aqueous solution by agricultural waste rice straw. J Environ Sci (China) 2013; 25:2384-2395. [PMID: 24649668 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to their widespread use, clofibric acid (CA) and carbamazepine (CBZ) have been frequently detected simultaneously at relatively high concentrations in aquatic environments. In this study, agricultural waste rice straw was employed as a potentially low-cost, effective and easy-to-operate biosorbent (RSB) to remove CA and CBZ. The adsorption of both pharmaceuticals followed pseudo second-order kinetics, and intraparticle diffusion was an important rate-limiting step. The adsorption isotherms of both drugs were fit well with Freundlich model. The adsorption of CA onto RSB was exothermic and was more likely to be dominated by physical processes, while the adsorption of CBZ was endothermic. Solution pH was determined to be the most important factor for CA adsorption, such that the adsorption capacity of CA onto RSB increased with the decline of solution pH. In the lower range of solution pH below 3.1, the CA removal efficiency was enhanced with the increase of biosorbent dosage. The CBZ removal efficiency was enhanced with the increase of RSB dosage without pH control. The maximum adsorption capacities were 126.3 mg/g for CA and 40.0 mg/g for CBZ.
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Dai C, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Liu S. Application of molecularly imprinted polymers to selective removal of clofibric acid from water. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78167. [PMID: 24205143 PMCID: PMC3814990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A new molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) adsorbent for clofibric acid (CA) was prepared by a non-covalent protocol. Characterization of the obtained MIP was achieved by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen sorption. Sorption experimental results showed that the MIP had excellent binding affinity for CA and the adsorption of CA by MIP was well described by pseudo-second-order model. Scatchard plot analysis revealed that two classes of binding sites were formed in the MIP with dissociation constants of 7.52 ± 0.46 mg L(-1) and 114 ± 4.2 mg L(-1), respectively. The selectivity of MIP demonstrated higher affinity for CA over competitive compound than that of non-imprinted polymers (NIP). The MIP synthesized was used to remove CA from spiked surface water and exhibited significant binding affinity towards CA in the presence of total dissolved solids (TDS). In addition, MIP reusability was demonstrated for at least 12 repeated cycles without significant loss in performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaomeng Dai
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuguang Liu
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Hamdi El Najjar N, Touffet A, Deborde M, Journel R, Leitner NKV. Levofloxacin oxidation by ozone and hydroxyl radicals: kinetic study, transformation products and toxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:604-611. [PMID: 23850240 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This work was carried out to investigate the fate of the antibiotic levofloxacin upon oxidation with ozone and hydroxyl radicals. A kinetic study was conducted at 20 °C for each oxidant. Ozonation experiments were performed using a competitive kinetic method with carbamazepin as competitor. Significant levofloxacin removal was observed during ozonation and a rate constant value of 6.0×10(4) M(-1) s(-1) was obtained at pH 7.2. An H2O2/UV system was used for the formation of hydroxyl radicals HO. The rate constant of HO was determined in the presence of a high H2O2 concentration. The kinetic expressions yielded a [Formula: see text] value of 4.5×10(9) M(-1) s(-1) at pH 6.0 and 5.2×10(9) M(-1) s(-1) at pH 7.2. These results were used to develop a model to predict the efficacy of the ozonation process and pharmaceutical removal was estimated under different ozonation conditions (i.e. oxidant concentrations and contact times). The results showed that levofloxacin was completely degraded by molecular ozone during ozonation of water and that hydroxyl radicals had no effect in real waters conditions. Moreover, LC/MS/MS and toxicity assays using Lumistox test were performed to identify ozonation transformation products. Under these conditions, four transformation products were observed and their chemical structures were proposed. The results showed an increase in toxicity during ozonation, even after degradation of all of the observed transformation products. The formation of other transformation products not identified under our experimental conditions could be responsible for the observed toxicity. These products might be ozone-resistant and more toxic to Vibrio fisheri than levofloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasma Hamdi El Najjar
- Université de Poitiers, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux, UMR CNRS 7285, Equipe Eaux, Géochimie, Santé, ENSIP, 1 Rue Marcel Doré, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France.
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Wols BA, Hofman-Caris CHM, Harmsen DJH, Beerendonk EF. Degradation of 40 selected pharmaceuticals by UV/H2O2. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:5876-88. [PMID: 23906776 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in source waters is increasing. Although UV advanced oxidation is known to be an effective barrier against micropollutants, degradation rates are only available for limited amounts of pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the degradation of a large group of pharmaceuticals has been studied in this research for the UV/H2O2 process under different conditions, including pharmaceuticals of which the degradation by UV/H2O2 was never reported before (e.g., metformin, paroxetine, pindolol, sotalol, venlafaxine, etc.). Monochromatic low pressure (LP) and polychromatic medium pressure (MP) lamps were used for three different water matrices. In order to have well defined hydraulic conditions, all experiments were conducted in a collimated beam apparatus. Degradation rates for the pharmaceuticals were determined. For those compounds used in this research that are also reported in literature, measured degradation results are in good agreement with literature data. Pharmaceutical degradation for only photolysis with LP lamps is small, which is increased by using a MP lamp. Most of the pharmaceuticals are well removed when applying both UV (either LP or MP) and H2O2. However, differences in degradation rates between pharmaceuticals can be large. For example, ketoprofen, prednisolone, pindolol are very well removed by UV/H2O2, whereas metformin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide are very little removed by UV/H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Wols
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.
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38
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Rivera-Utrilla J, Sánchez-Polo M, Ferro-García MÁ, Prados-Joya G, Ocampo-Pérez R. Pharmaceuticals as emerging contaminants and their removal from water. A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:1268-87. [PMID: 24025536 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 632] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to conduct an exhaustive review of the literature on the presence of pharmaceutical-derived compounds in water and on their removal. The most representative pharmaceutical families found in water were described and related water pollution issues were analyzed. The performances of different water treatment systems in the removal of pharmaceuticals were also summarized. The water treatment technologies were those based on conventional systems (chlorine, chlorine dioxide, wastewater treatment plants), adsorption/bioadsorption on activated carbon (from lotus stalks, olive-waste cake, coal, wood, plastic waste, cork powder waste, peach stones, coconut shell, rice husk), and advanced oxidation processes by means of ozonation (O₃, O₃/H₂O₂, O₃/activated carbon, O₃/biological treatment), photooxidation (UV, UV/H₂O₂, UV/K₂S₂O₈, UV/TiO₂, UV/H₂O₂/TiO₂, UV/TiO₂/activated carbon, photo-Fenton), radiolysis (e-Beam, ⁶⁰Co, ¹³⁷Cs. Additives used: H₂O₂, SO₃²⁻, HCO₃⁻, CH₃₋OH, CO₃²⁻, or NO₃⁻), and electrochemical processes (Electrooxidation without and with active chlorine generation). The effect of these treatments on pharmaceutical compounds and the advantages and disadvantages of different methodologies used were described. The most important parameters of the above water treatment systems (experimental conditions, removal yield, pharmaceutical compound mineralization, TOC removal, toxicity evolution) were indicated. The key publications on pharmaceutical removal from water were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Rivera-Utrilla
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Granada University, 18071-Granada, Spain.
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Dai CM, Zhang J, Zhang YL, Zhou XF, Duan YP, Liu SG. Removal of carbamazepine and clofibric acid from water using double templates-molecularly imprinted polymers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:5492-501. [PMID: 23436062 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel double templates-molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was prepared by precipitation polymerization using carbamazepine (CBZ) and clofibric acid (CA) as the double templates molecular and 2-vinylpyridine as functional monomer. The equilibrium data of MIP was well described by the Freundlich isotherm model. Two kinetic models were adopted to describe the experimental data, and the pseudo second-order model well-described adsorption of CBZ and CA on the MIP. Adsorption experimental results showed that the MIP had good selectivity and adsorption capacity for CBZ and CA in the presence of competitive compounds compared with non-imprinted polymer, commercial powdered activated carbon, and C18 adsorbents. The feasibility of removing CBZ and CA from water by the MIP was demonstrated using tap water, lake water, and river water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-meng Dai
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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40
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Ratola N, Cincinelli A, Alves A, Katsoyiannis A. Occurrence of organic microcontaminants in the wastewater treatment process. A mini review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 239-240:1-18. [PMID: 22771351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A wastewater treatment plant may receive various types of wastewater namely, urban, industrial, agricultural, washout from the streets, wet or/and dry atmospheric deposition. As such, scientists have detected in wastewaters all major categories of pollutants like persistent organic pollutants (POPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pesticides, but also substances that are widely used as pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, classified as "PPCPs" (pharmaceuticals and personal care products). Finally, the latest categories of compounds to be looked upon in these types of matrices are illicit drugs (drugs of abuse, like cocaine, etc.) and doping substances. This review article summarises major categories of organic microcontaminants that have been detected in wastewaters and studies their fate during the wastewater treatment process. Occurrence of these compounds in the influents and effluents are reported, as well as percents of removal, mass balances and phase distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Ratola
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA14YQ, Lancaster, UK
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41
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Kobayashi T, Hirose J, Sano K, Kato R, Ijiri Y, Takiuchi H, Tanaka K, Goto E, Tamai H, Nakano T. Application of electrolysis for detoxification of an antineoplastic in urine. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 78:123-127. [PMID: 22154144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Antineoplastics in excreta from patients have been considered to be one of the origins of cytotoxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic contaminants in surface water. Recent studies have demonstrated that antineoplastics in clinical wastewater can be detoxified by electrolysis. In this study, to develop a method for the detoxification of antineoplastics in excreta, methotrexate solution in the presence of human urine was electrolyzed and evaluated. We found that urine inhibits detoxification by electrolysis; however, this inhibition decreased by diluting urine. In urine samples, the concentrations of active chlorine generated by anodic oxidation from 0.9% NaCl solution for inactivation of antineoplastics increased in dilution-dependent and time-dependent manner. These results indicate that electrolysis with platinum-based iridium oxide composite electrode is a possible method for the detoxification of a certain antineoplastic in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyohide Kobayashi
- Project Team for Medical Application of Electrolysis, Central Research Center, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
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42
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Zhang Y, Luo Z, Pan T, Guo C. Degradation Oxidation Applied to the Acetochlor in Aqueous Solutions with Potassium Peroxymonopersulfate with Fenton's Reagent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2012.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abramović B, Kler S, Sojić D, Laušević M, Radović T, Vione D. Photocatalytic degradation of metoprolol tartrate in suspensions of two TiO2-based photocatalysts with different surface area. Identification of intermediates and proposal of degradation pathways. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 198:123-32. [PMID: 22035693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the efficiency of the photocatalytic degradation of metoprolol tartrate (MET), a widely used β(1)-blocker, in TiO(2) suspensions of Wackherr's "Oxyde de titane standard" and Degussa P25. The study encompasses transformation kinetics and efficiency, identification of intermediates and reaction pathways. In the investigated range of initial concentrations (0.01-0.1 mM), the photocatalytic degradation of MET in the first stage of the reaction followed approximately a pseudo-first order kinetics. The TiO(2) Wackherr induced a significantly faster MET degradation compared to TiO(2) Degussa P25 when relatively high substrate concentrations were used. By examining the effect of ethanol as a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals (OH), it was shown that the reaction with OH played the main role in the photocatalytic degradation of MET. After 240 min of irradiation the reaction intermediates were almost completely mineralized to CO(2) and H(2)O, while the nitrogen was predominantly present as NH(4)(+). Reaction intermediates were studied in detail and a number of them were identified using LC-MS/MS (ESI+), which allowed the proposal of a tentative pathway for the photocatalytic transformation of MET as a function of the TiO(2) specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Abramović
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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Oller I, Malato S, Sánchez-Pérez JA. Combination of Advanced Oxidation Processes and biological treatments for wastewater decontamination--a review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:4141-66. [PMID: 20956012 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 971] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays there is a continuously increasing worldwide concern for development of alternative water reuse technologies, mainly focused on agriculture and industry. In this context, Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are considered a highly competitive water treatment technology for the removal of those organic pollutants not treatable by conventional techniques due to their high chemical stability and/or low biodegradability. Although chemical oxidation for complete mineralization is usually expensive, its combination with a biological treatment is widely reported to reduce operating costs. This paper reviews recent research combining AOPs (as a pre-treatment or post-treatment stage) and bioremediation technologies for the decontamination of a wide range of synthetic and real industrial wastewater. Special emphasis is also placed on recent studies and large-scale combination schemes developed in Mediterranean countries for non-biodegradable wastewater treatment and reuse. The main conclusions arrived at from the overall assessment of the literature are that more work needs to be done on degradation kinetics and reactor modeling of the combined process, and also dynamics of the initial attack on primary contaminants and intermediate species generation. Furthermore, better economic models must be developed to estimate how the cost of this combined process varies with specific industrial wastewater characteristics, the overall decontamination efficiency and the relative cost of the AOP versus biological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Oller
- Plataforma Solar de Almería (CIEMAT), Carretera Senés, Km 4. 04200 Tabernas, Almería, Spain.
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Li W, Lu S, Qiu Z, Lin K. UV and VUV photolysis vs. UV/H2O2 and VUV/H2O2, treatment for removal of clofibric acid from aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2011; 32:1063-1071. [PMID: 21882559 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2010.525750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Clofibric acid (CA), a metabolite of lipid regulators, was investigated in ultra-pure water and sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent at 10 degrees C under UV, vacuum UV (VUV), UV/H2O2 and VUV/H2O2 processes. The influences of NO3-, HCO3- and humic acid (HA) on CA photolysis in all processes were examined. The results showed that all the experimental data well fitted the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, and the apparent rate constant (k(ap)) and half-life time (t(1/2)) were calculated accordingly. Direct photolysis of CA through UV irradiation was the main process, compared with the indirect oxidation of CA due to the slight generation of hydroxyl radicals dissociated from water molecules under UV irradiation below 200 nm monochromatic wavelength emission. In contrast, indirect oxidation was the main CA degradation mechanism in UV/H2O2 and VUV/H2O2, and VUV/H2O2 was the most effective process for CA degradation. The addition of 20 mg L(-1) HA could significantly inhibit CA degradation, whereas, except for UV irradiation, the inhibitive effects of NO3- and HCO3- (1.0 x 10(-3) and 0.1 mol L(-1), respectively) on CA degradation were observed in all processes, and their adverse effects were more significant in UV/H2O2 and VUV/H2O2 processes, particularly at the high NO3- and HCO3- concentrations. The degradation rate decreased 1.8-4.9-fold when these processes were applied to a real STP effluent owing to the presence of complex constituents. Of the four processes, VUV/H2O2 was the most effective, and the CA removal efficiency reached over 99% after 40 min in contrast to 80 min in both the UV/H2O2 and VUV processes and 240 min in the UV process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Li W, Lu S, Qiu Z, Lin K. Photocatalysis of Clofibric Acid under Solar Light in Summer and Winter Seasons. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie1017145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shuguang Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhaofu Qiu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kuangfei Lin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Nasuhoglu D, Yargeau V, Berk D. Photo-removal of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) by photolytic and photocatalytic processes in a batch reactor under UV-C radiation (λmax=254 nm). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 186:67-75. [PMID: 21167641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, photolytic and photocatalytic removal of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) under UVC radiation (λ=254 nm) was investigated. The light intensity distribution inside the batch photoreactor was characterized by azoxybenzene actinometry. The intensity of incident radiation was found to be a strong function of position inside the reactor. 12 mg L(-1) of SMX was completely removed within 10 min of irradiation under UVC photolysis, compared to 30 min under TiO(2) photocatalysis. COD measurement was used as an indication of the mineralization efficiency of both processes and higher COD removal with photocatalysis was shown. After 6h of reaction with photolysis and photocatalysis, 24% and 87% removal of COD was observed, respectively. Two of the intermediate photo-products were identified as sulfanilic acid and 3-amino-5-methylisoxazole by direct comparison of the HPLC chromatograms of standards to those of treated solutions. Ecotoxicity of treated and untreated solutions of SMX towards Daphnia magna was also investigated. It was found that a 3:1 ratio of sample to standard freshwater and a high initial concentration of 60 mg L(-1) of SMX were used to obtain reliable and reproducible results. The photo-products formed during photocatalytic and photolytic processes were shown to be generally more toxic than the parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Nasuhoglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Zaviska F, Drogui P, Mercier G, Blais JF. Procédés d’oxydation avancée dans le traitement des eaux et des effluents industriels: Application à la dégradation des polluants réfractaires. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.7202/038330ar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Résumé
Cette synthèse traite des procédés d’oxydation avancée (POA) pour le traitement des eaux et des effluents industriels. Ces procédés mettent pour la plupart en combinaison deux ou trois réactifs (oxydants) afin de produire des radicaux hydroxyles. Les radicaux libres sont des espèces hautement actives capables de réagir rapidement et de manière non sélective sur la plupart des composés organiques, réputés difficilement oxydables par voie biologique ou par des traitements chimiques conventionnels. Les POA peuvent être subdivisés en quatre groupes : les procédés d’oxydation chimique en phase homogène (H2O2/Fe2+ et H2O2/O3), les procédés photocatalytiques en phase homogène et/ou hétérogène (H2O2/UV, O3/UV et Fe2+/H2O2/UV; TiO2/UV), les procédés d’oxydation sonochimique et les procédés d’oxydation électrochimique. Le couplage H2O2/Fe2+ représente le système d’oxydation avancée le plus connu et le moins complexe, lequel est souvent employé dans le traitement des effluents industriels. Cependant, dans le domaine de la potabilisation des eaux, le système le plus utilisé et le plus éprouvé est le couplage H2O2/O3 couramment employé pour l’élimination des composés phytosanitaires (pesticides). Les procédés d’oxydation électrochimiques, photocatalytiques et sonochimiques sont des technologies qui nécessitent en général moins de réactif et sont faciles d’automatisation par comparaison aux autres POA. Ces procédés sont présentement en pleine expansion dans le domaine des technologies environnementales, ceci afin d’améliorer les systèmes existants de traitement des eaux usées municipales et industrielles, ou à remplacer les technologies conventionnelles peu efficaces pour l’enlèvement de contaminants organiques réfractaires, inorganiques et microbiens. De nombreuses études réalisées à l’échelle laboratoire ont clairement prouvé l’efficacité des POA pour le traitement de divers effluents. Cependant, le développement de ces procédés dans les filières de traitement des eaux reste encore limité en raison des coûts d’investissement et des coûts opératoires associés. Des solutions et stratégies sont proposées dans ce document, telles que le développement de procédés hybrides et leur couplage avec des traitements biologiques conventionnels, et ce, afin de pallier certaines contraintes spécifiques des POA et faciliter ainsi leur insertion dans les filières de traitement des eaux et des effluents industriels. Ce document a pour objectif de faire une synthèse des différents POA, d’en expliquer leur principe de fonctionnement, de déterminer les différents paramètres les gouvernant, ainsi que leurs applications dans le traitement des eaux et des effluents.
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Rosal R, Gonzalo MS, Rodríguez A, García-Calvo E. Ozonation of clofibric acid catalyzed by titanium dioxide. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 169:411-418. [PMID: 19395159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.03.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The removal of clofibric acid from aqueous solution has been investigated in catalytic and non-catalytic semicontinuous ozonation runs. Kinetic data were analyzed using second order expressions for the reaction between organics and ozone or hydroxyl radicals. Catalytic runs used a commercial titanium dioxide catalyst consisting of fumed colloidal particles. The kinetic constant of the non-catalytic ozonation of clofibric acid at pH 3 was 8.16 x 10(-3)+/-3.4 x 10(-4)L mmol(-1)s(-1). The extent of mineralization during non-catalytic runs ranged from 50% at pH 7 to 20% at pH 3 in a reaction that essentially took place during the first 10-20 min. The catalyst increased the total extent of mineralization, its effect being more important during the first part of the reaction. The pseudo-homogeneous catalytic rate constant was 2.17 x 10(-2) L mmol(-1)s(-1) at pH 3 and 6.80 x 10(-1)L mmol(-1)s(-1) at pH 5, with up to a threefold increase with respect to non-catalytic constants using catalyst load of 1g/L. A set of stopped-flow experiments were designed to elucidate the role of catalyst, whose effect was probably due to the adsorption of organics on catalytic sites rather than to the promotion of ozone decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rosal
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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