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Séverin A, Ozguler A, Baer G, Baer M, Loeb T. Use of high-flow nasal cannula in out-of-hospital setting. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 52:260-261. [PMID: 33875318 PMCID: PMC8020627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Armelle Séverin
- SAMU 92 - Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Garches, France
| | - Anna Ozguler
- SAMU 92 - Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Garches, France; Institut de Recherche et d'Enseignement des Soins d'Urgences -, Garches, France.
| | - Géraldine Baer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michel Baer
- SAMU 92 - Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Garches, France; Institut de Recherche et d'Enseignement des Soins d'Urgences -, Garches, France
| | - Thomas Loeb
- SAMU 92 - Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Garches, France
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Kim YS, Jeon J, Song CH, Kim SJ. Improved prediction model for H2/CO combustion risk using a calculated non-adiabatic flame temperature model. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2020.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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3
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Porsin AV, Tsarichenko SG, Dobrovol’skii YA, Kozlov AV, Nadareishvili GG, Terenchenko AS. Analysis of the Safety of Using Hydrocarbon Fuels and Hydrogen in Automobiles. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s10704272201016x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Jang KW, Choi JH, Jeon JH, Kim HS. Combustible Gas Classification Modeling using Support Vector Machine and Pairing Plot Scheme. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19225018. [PMID: 31744238 PMCID: PMC6891470 DOI: 10.3390/s19225018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Combustible gases, such as CH4 and CO, directly or indirectly affect the human body. Thus, leakage detection of combustible gases is essential for various industrial sites and daily life. Many types of gas sensors are used to identify these combustible gases, but since gas sensors generally have low selectivity among gases, coupling issues often arise which adversely affect gas detection accuracy. To solve this problem, we built a decoupling algorithm with different gas sensors using a machine learning algorithm. Commercially available semiconductor sensors were employed to detect CH4 and CO, and then support vector machine (SVM) applied as a supervised learning algorithm for gas classification. We also introduced a pairing plot scheme to more effectively classify gas type. The proposed model classified CH4 and CO gases 100% correctly at all levels above the minimum concentration the gas sensors could detect. Consequently, SVM with pairing plot is a memory efficient and promising method for more accurate gas classification.
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6
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Molnarne M, Schroeder V. Flammability of gases in focus of European and US standards. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Wan H, Yin H, Mason AJ. Rapid Measurement of Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Electrochemical Gas Sensor using Transient Double Potential Amperometry. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2017; 242:658-666. [PMID: 28603384 PMCID: PMC5464423 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2016.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Intense study on gas sensors has been conducted to implement fast gas sensing with high sensitivity, reliability and long lifetime. This paper presents a rapid amperometric method for gas sensing based on a room temperature ionic liquid electrochemical gas sensor. To implement a miniaturized sensor with a fast response time, a three electrode system with gold interdigitated electrodes was fabricated by photolithography on a porous polytetrafluoroethylene substrate that greatly enhances gas diffusion. Furthermore, based on the reversible reaction of oxygen, a new transient double potential amperometry (DPA) was explored for electrochemical analysis to decrease the measurement time and reverse reaction by-products that could cause current drift. Parameters in transient DPA including oxidation potential, oxidation period, reduction period and sample point were investigated to study their influence on the performance of the sensor. Oxygen measurement could be accomplished in 4 s, and the sensor presented a sensitivity of 0.2863 μA/[%O2] and a linearity of 0.9943 when tested in air samples with different oxygen concentrations. Repeatability and long-term stability were also investigated, and the sensor was shown to exhibit good reliability. In comparison to conventional constant potential amperometry, transient DPA was shown to reduce relative standard deviation by 63.2%. With transient DPA, the sensitivity, linearity, repeatability, measurement time and current drift characteristics demonstrated by the presented gas sensor are promising for acute exposure applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Heyu Yin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Andrew J. Mason
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
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8
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Influence of concentration distribution of hydrogen in air on measured flammability limits. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2015.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Mannel D, Stahl SS, Root TW. Continuous Flow Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation Reactions Using a Heterogeneous Ru(OH) x /Al 2O 3 Catalyst. Org Process Res Dev 2014; 18:1503-1508. [PMID: 25620869 PMCID: PMC4299400 DOI: 10.1021/op5002676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ru(OH) x /Al2O3 is among the more versatile catalysts for aerobic alcohol oxidation and dehydrogenation of nitrogen heterocycles. Here, we describe the translation of batch reactions to a continuous-flow method that enables high steady-state conversion and single-pass yields in the oxidation of benzylic alcohols and dehydrogenation of indoline. A dilute source of O2 (8% in N2) was used to ensure that the reaction mixture, which employs toluene as the solvent, is nonflammable throughout the process. A packed bed reactor was operated isothermally in an up-flow orientation, allowing good liquid-solid contact. Deactivation of the catalyst during the reaction was modeled empirically, and this model was used to achieve high conversion and yield during extended operation in the aerobic oxidation of 2-thiophene methanol (99+% continuous yield over 72 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- David
S. Mannel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Thatcher W. Root
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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10
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Gas phase safety-control conditions for epoxidation of allyl chloride with hydrogen peroxide catalysed by TS-1. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Microaerobic conversion of glycerol to ethanol in Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:3276-82. [PMID: 24584248 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03863-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerol has become a desirable feedstock for the production of fuels and chemicals due to its availability and low price, but many barriers to commercialization remain. Previous investigators have made significant improvements in the yield of ethanol from glycerol. We have developed a fermentation process for the efficient microaerobic conversion of glycerol to ethanol by Escherichia coli that presents solutions to several other barriers to commercialization: rate, titer, specific productivity, use of inducers, use of antibiotics, and safety. To increase the rate, titer, and specific productivity to commercially relevant levels, we constructed a plasmid that overexpressed glycerol uptake genes dhaKLM, gldA, and glpK, as well as the ethanol pathway gene adhE. To eliminate the cost of inducers and antibiotics from the fermentation, we used the adhE and icd promoters from E. coli in our plasmid, and we implemented glycerol addiction to retain the plasmid. To address the safety issue of off-gas flammability, we optimized the fermentation process with reduced-oxygen sparge gas to ensure that the off-gas remained nonflammable. These advances represent significant progress toward the commercialization of an E. coli-based glycerol-to-ethanol process.
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12
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Ma T, Larranaga M. Flammable state and dilution requirement in the theoretical flammability diagram. PROCESS SAFETY PROGRESS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/prs.11622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingguang Ma
- Fire Protection Safety Technology; Oklahoma State University
| | - Michael Larranaga
- Dept. of Fire Protection & Safety Technology; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater OK 74078
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13
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Le H, Liu Y, Mannan MS. Lower Flammability Limits of Hydrogen and Light Hydrocarbons at Subatmospheric Pressures. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie302504h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Le
- Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center, Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - Yi Liu
- Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center, Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - M. Sam Mannan
- Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center, Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
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Coronado CJR, Carvalho JA, Andrade JC, Cortez EV, Carvalho FS, Santos JC, Mendiburu AZ. Flammability limits: a review with emphasis on ethanol for aeronautical applications and description of the experimental procedure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 241-242:32-54. [PMID: 23079188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The lower and upper flammability limits of a fuel are key tools for predicting fire, assessing the possibility of explosion, and designing protection systems. Knowledge about the risks involved with the explosion of both gaseous and vaporized liquid fuel mixtures with air is very important to guarantee safety in industrial, domestic, and aeronautical applications. Currently, most countries use various standard experimental tests, which lead to different experimental values for these limits. A comprehensive literature review of the flammability limits of combustible mixtures is developed here in order to organize the theoretical and practical knowledge of the subject. The main focus of this paper is the review of the flammability data of ethanol-air mixtures available in the literature. In addition, the description of methodology for experiments to find the upper and lower limits of flammability of ethanol for aeronautical applications is discussed. A heated spherical 20L vessel was used. The mixtures were ignited with electrode rods placed in the center of the vessel, and the spark gap was 6.4mm. LFL and the UFL were determined for ethanol (hydrated ethanol 96% °INPM) as functions of temperature for atmospheric pressure to compare results with data published in the scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J R Coronado
- Federal University of Itajubá - UNIFEI, Mechanical Engineering Institute - IEM Av BPS 1303, Itajubá, MG CEP 37500903, Brazil
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Le H, Nayak S, Mannan MS. Upper Flammability Limits of Hydrogen and Light Hydrocarbons in Air at Subatmospheric Pressures. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie300268x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Le
- Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center, Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - Subramanya Nayak
- Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center, Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - M. Sam Mannan
- Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center, Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
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Molnarne M, Schröder V. Comparison of calculated data for the flammability and the oxidation potential according to ISO 10156 with experimentally determined values. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2011.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Estimation of lower flammability limits in high-pressure systems. Application to the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide using supercritical and near-critical CO2 and air as diluents. J Supercrit Fluids 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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The limiting oxygen concentration and flammability limits of gases and gas mixtures. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Solvason CC, Chemmangattuvalappil NG, Eden MR. A systematic method for integrating product attributes within molecular synthesis. Comput Chem Eng 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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