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Shi P, Yue X, Teng X, Qu R, Rady A, Maodaa S, Allam AA, Wang Z, Huo Z. Degradation of Butylated Hydroxyanisole by the Combined Use of Peroxymonosulfate and Ferrate(VI): Reaction Kinetics, Mechanism and Toxicity Evaluation. TOXICS 2024; 12:54. [PMID: 38251010 PMCID: PMC10818440 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), a synthetic phenolic antioxidant (SPA), is now widely present in natural waters. To improve the degradation efficiency of BHA and reduce product toxicity, a combination of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and Ferrate(VI) (Fe(VI)) was used in this study. We systematically investigated the reaction kinetics, mechanism and product toxicity in the degradation of BHA through the combined use of PMS and Fe(VI). The results showed that PMS and Fe(VI) have synergistic effects on the degradation of BHA. The effects of operational factors, including PMS dosage, pH and coexisting ions (Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, K+, NH4+ and Mg2+), and different water matrices were investigated through a series of kinetic experiments. When T = 25 °C, the initial pH was 8.0, the initial BHA concentration was 100 μM, the initial concentration ratio of [PMS]0:[Fe(VI)]0:[BHA]0 was 100:1:1 and the degradation rate could reach 92.4% within 30 min. Through liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) identification, it was determined that the oxidation pathway of BHA caused by PMS/Fe(VI) mainly includes hydroxylation, ring-opening and coupling reactions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that •OH was most likely to attack BHA and generate hydroxylated products. The comprehensive comparison of product toxicity results showed that the PMS/Fe(VI) system can effectively reduce the environmental risk of a reaction. This study contributes to the development of PMS/Fe(VI) for water treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiduan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (P.S.); (X.Y.); (R.Q.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (P.S.); (X.Y.); (R.Q.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xiaolei Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (P.S.); (X.Y.); (R.Q.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (P.S.); (X.Y.); (R.Q.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ahmed Rady
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Saleh Maodaa
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Ahmed A. Allam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 65211, Egypt;
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (P.S.); (X.Y.); (R.Q.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zongli Huo
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing 210009, China
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Gu J, Zheng S, Huang X, He Q, Sun T. Exploring the mode of binding between butylated hydroxyanisole with bovine serum albumin: Multispectroscopic and molecular docking study. Food Chem 2021; 357:129771. [PMID: 33894572 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Considering the harm of BHA on humans, thorough research of the effect of BHA on the structure of serum albumin is necessary. The binding mechanisms of BHA with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the effects of other three food additives (butylated hydroxytoluene, benzoic acid and citric acid) on BHA-BSA system were researched by multispectroscopy and molecular docking. The fluorescence quenching experiment results showed that the fluorescence quenching mechanism of BSA by BHA was static quenching. The binding constant ((5.70 ± 0.38) × 103 M-1 at 298 K) and thermodynamic parameters (ΔH = 110.8 ± 2.91 kJ·mol-1 and ΔS = 443.3 ± 9.30 J·mol-1·K-1) indicated that BHA and BSA formed a relatively stable complex through hydrophobic interaction. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectra confirmed the conformation changes of BSA due to the binding of BHA. Site marker competitive experiments and molecular docking proved that BHA could bind BSA into site I in subdomain IIA. The results of molecular docking showed that BHA formed hydrophobic interactions with amino acid residues (Ala290, Leu237, Leu259, Ile263 and Ile289). The presence of other food additives weakened the binding of BHA to BSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Gu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China; College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, PR China.
| | - Siyao Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, PR China
| | - Xiyao Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, PR China
| | - Qian He
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, PR China
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China.
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Ye Z, Brillas E, Centellas F, Cabot PL, Sirés I. Electrochemical treatment of butylated hydroxyanisole: Electrocoagulation versus advanced oxidation. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bi W, Shen J, Gao Y, He C, Peng Y, Xiao P. Ku-jin tea (Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala or A. tataricum subsp. theiferum), an underestimated functional beverage rich in antioxidant phenolics. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Wang W, Asimakopoulos AG, Abualnaja KO, Covaci A, Gevao B, Johnson-Restrepo B, Kumosani TA, Malarvannan G, Minh TB, Moon HB, Nakata H, Sinha RK, Kannan K. Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants and Their Metabolites in Indoor Dust from Homes and Microenvironments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:428-434. [PMID: 26629709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs), including 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT), are extensively used in food, cosmetic and plastic industries. Nevertheless, limited information is available on human exposures, other than the dietary sources, to SPAs. In this study, occurrence of 9 SPAs and their metabolites/degradation products was determined in 339 indoor dust collected from 12 countries. BHT was found in 99.5% of indoor dust samples from homes and microenvironments at concentrations that ranged from < LOQ to 118 μg/g and 0.10 to 3460 μg/g, respectively. This is the first study to measure BHT metabolites in house dust (0.01-35.1 μg/g) and their concentrations accounted for 9.2-58% of the sum concentrations (∑SPAs). 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (BHT-CHO), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)phenol (BHT-OH), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (BHT-Q) were the major derivatives of BHT found in dust samples. The concentrations of gallic acid esters (gallates) in dust from homes and microenvironments ranged from < LOQ to 18.2 and < LOQ to 684 μg/g, respectively. The concentrations and profiles of SPAs varied among countries and microenvironments. Significantly elevated concentrations of SPAs were found in dust from an e-waste workshop (1530 μg/g). The estimated daily intake (EDI) of BHT via house dust ingestion ranged from 0.40 to 222 ng/kg/d (95th percentile).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany , Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, United States
| | - Alexandros G Asimakopoulos
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany , Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, United States
| | - Khalid O Abualnaja
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bondi Gevao
- Environmental Management Program, Environment and Life Sciences Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research , P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Boris Johnson-Restrepo
- Environmental and Chemistry Group, Sede San Pablo, University of Cartagena , Cartagena, Bolívar 130015, Colombia
| | - Taha A Kumosani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Govindan Malarvannan
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tu Binh Minh
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi , 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University , Ansan, South Korea
| | - Haruhiko Nakata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University , 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | | | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany , Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, United States
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Liu X, Fang L, Zhou Y, Zhang T, Shao Y. Comparison of Uv/PDS and UV/H2O2 processes for the degradation of atenolol in water. J Environ Sci (China) 2013; 25:1519-1528. [PMID: 24520689 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
UV/H2O2 and UV/peroxodisulfate (PDS) processes were adopted to degrade a typical beta-blocker atenolol (ATL). The degradation efficiencies under various operational parameters (oxidant dosage, pH, HCO3-, humic acid (HA), NO3-, and Cl-) were compared. Principal factor analysis was also performed with a statistical method for the two processes. It was found that increasing the specific dosage of the two peroxides ([peroxide]0/[ATL]0) ranging from 1:1 to 8:1 led to a faster degradation rate but also higher peroxide residual. Within the pH range 3-11, the optimum pH was 7 for the UV/PDS process and elevating pH benefitted the UV/H2O2 process. The presence of HCO3-, HA, and Cl- adversely affected ATL oxidation in both processes. The NO3- concentration 1-3 mmol/L accelerated the destruction of ATL by the UV/PDS process, but further increase of NO3- concentration retarded the degradation process, contrary to the case in the UV/H2O2 process. The rank orders of effects caused by the six operational parameters were pH approximately specific dosage > [HA]0 > [NO3-]0 > [HCO3-]0 > [Cl-]0 for the UV/H2O2 process and specific dosage > pH > [HA]0 > [NO3-]0 > [HCO3-]0 > [Cl-]0 for the UV/PDS process. The UV/PDS process was more sensitive to changes in operational parameters than the UV/H2O2 process but more efficient in ATL removal under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Liu
- Institute of Municipal Engineering, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Lei Fang
- Institute of Municipal Engineering, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yongchao Zhou
- Institute of Municipal Engineering, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tuqiao Zhang
- Institute of Municipal Engineering, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Shao
- Institute of Municipal Engineering, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Gago-Ferrero P, Demeestere K, Silvia Díaz-Cruz M, Barceló D. Ozonation and peroxone oxidation of benzophenone-3 in water: effect of operational parameters and identification of intermediate products. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 443:209-217. [PMID: 23186632 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to bring forward new data and insights with respect to the effect of operational variables and reaction pathways during ozonation and peroxone oxidation of the UV filter compound benzophenone-3 (BP3) in water. A systematic parameter study, investigating the effect of the ozone inlet concentration, temperature, pH, H(2)O(2) and t-butanol addition in a lab-scale bubble reactor, showed the promising potential of ozonation towards BP3 degradation. pH showed to be a major process parameter, with half-life times (5.1-15.0 min) being more than two times shorter at pH10 compared to neutral and acid conditions. This indicates the important role of hydroxyl radicals as supported by the addition of H(2)O(2) and t-butanol as HO promoter and scavenger, respectively. Ozonation intermediate products were identified by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QqTOF-MS/MS). Demethylation and non-selective HO attack proved to be the major reaction mechanisms. Where available, identified intermediates were confirmed using analytical standards, and concentration profiles along the ozonation process were determined through selective targeted MS/MS analysis. Benzophenone-1 (BP1), also being a UV-filter compound, and 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (DHMB) revealed to be the major BP3 degradation products, showing a maximum concentration at about the half-life time of BP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Gago-Ferrero
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Zhang H, Wang W. OXIDATION OF C.I. ACID ORANGE 7 WITH OZONE AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN A HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANE REACTOR. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2010.525203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Wang Z, Yuan R, Guo Y, Xu L, Liu J. Effects of chloride ions on bleaching of azo dyes by Co2+/oxone reagent: kinetic analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 190:1083-1087. [PMID: 21524849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Orange II (Org II), one of the most common used azo dyes, was taken as a model to investigate the effects of chloride ion on dye decoloration in cobalt/peroxymonosulfate (Co/PMS) system. A significant decrease in the rate of Org II decoloration was observed upon addition of Cl(-) (0.05-10mM), but further addition of Cl(-) (>50mM) apparently accelerated dyes degradation. This dual effect of chloride on dyes bleaching was also observed as other halide ions (e.g. Br(-), I(-)) or other azo dyes were present in Co/PMS system. In the Co-free PMS solutions, the observed first-order rate constant always exponentially increased with the chloride content. The reactive chlorine species generated from chloride oxidation by PMS should be responsible for this non-radical mechanism for dye decoloration, however, these rapid decoloration of Org II as chloride ion was present, did not readily lead to much mineralization. Therefore, this finding may have significant technical implications for utilizing Co/PMS regent to detoxify chloride-rich azo dyes wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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Zhang W, Yang S, Niu R, Shao X, Shan L, Yang X, Wang P. Microwave-Assisted COD Removal from Landfill Leachate by Hydrogen Peroxide, Peroxymonosulfate and Persulfate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1109/icbbe.2010.5517536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Chan KH, Chu W. Degradation of atrazine by cobalt-mediated activation of peroxymonosulfate: Different cobalt counteranions in homogenous process and cobalt oxide catalysts in photolytic heterogeneous process. WATER RESEARCH 2009; 43:2513-2521. [PMID: 19286240 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of atrazine (ATZ) by cobalt-mediated activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) has been studied in this work. For the homogenous process, different cobalt counteranions: cobalt(II) nitrate Co(NO(3))(2), cobalt(II) sulfate CoSO(4), cobalt(II) chloride CoCl(2), and cobalt(II) acetate Co(CH(3)COO)(2), have been examined. The inhibitory effect was observed in the process initiated by CoCl(2). For the pH test, wide range of pH level (2-10) has been investigated. It was found that the higher rates were obtained in the normal pH levels. At extreme pH levels, the process was impeded by inactivation of PMS at acidic pH and prohibited by precipitation at basic pH. On the other hand, the recycling capability of cobalt oxide and the oxidative potential of cobalt-immobilized titanium dioxide Co-TiO(2) catalyst were analyzed in the heterogeneous process. It was found that the higher the cobalt content in the catalyst, the better the removal performance was resulted. At last, the Co-TiO(2) catalyst synthesized in this work was found to be very effective in transforming ATZ as well as its intermediate in the presence of UV-vis irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Chan
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Research Centre for Environmental Technology and Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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