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Yang N, Jun BM, Choi JS, Park CM, Jang M, Son A, Nam SN, Yoon Y. Ultrasonic treatment of dye chemicals in wastewater: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141676. [PMID: 38462187 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The existence of pollutants, such as toxic organic dye chemicals, in water and wastewater raises concerns as they are inadequately eliminated through conventional water and wastewater treatment methods, including physicochemical and biological processes. Ultrasonic treatment has emerged as an advanced treatment process that has been widely applied to the decomposition of recalcitrant organic contaminants. Ultrasonic treatment has several advantages, including easy operation, sustainability, non-secondary pollutant production, and saving energy. This review examines the elimination of dye chemicals and categorizes them into cationic and anionic dyes based on the existing literature. The objectives include (i) analyzing the primary factors (water quality and ultrasonic conditions) that influence the sonodegradation of dye chemicals and their byproducts during ultrasonication, (ii) assessing the impact of the different sonocatalysts and combined systems (with ozone and ultraviolet) on sonodegradation, and (iii) exploring the characteristics-based removal mechanisms of dyes. In addition, this review proposes areas for future research on ultrasonic treatment of dye chemicals in water and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narae Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Moon Jun
- Radwaste Management Center, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 111 Daedeok-Daero 989beon-gil, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Soo Choi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Min Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahjeong Son
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Nam Nam
- Military Environmental Research Center, Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon, 495 Hoguk-ro, Gogyeong-myeon, Yeongcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38900, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeomin Yoon
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Salhi A, Esserrar S, Nechchadi B, El Amine Ghanjaoui M, Aguedache A, El Krati M, Tahiri S. Application of titanium dioxide immobilized on a cellulosic material for the photocatalytic degradation of Acid Black 24 dye in a continuous flow cascade reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:46778-46787. [PMID: 35174458 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is the study of the photocatalytic degradation of Acid Black 24 dye (AB24), in a continuous flow cascade reactor, using titanium dioxide (TiO2) immobilized on a cellulosic material. The results obtained demonstrated a synergistic effect of the two phenomena adsorption and photocatalysis. The effects of various parameters that affect the dye removal efficiency were investigated. The best photocatalytic degradation yield of AB24 molecules is obtained in acidic medium because of the strong attraction between the positively charged catalyst and the anionic dye molecules. The optimum times for obtaining the best yields depend on the initial concentration of the dye, the volume of the treated solution, and the feed rate of the reactor. In addition, reusing the catalytic material several times is technically possible; this can decrease the cost of treatment for a possible industrial scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Salhi
- Laboratory of Water and Environment, Research team: Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Process Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of El Jadida, University Chouaïb Doukkali, P.O. Box 20, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Sana Esserrar
- Laboratory of Water and Environment, Research team: Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Process Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of El Jadida, University Chouaïb Doukkali, P.O. Box 20, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Bouchra Nechchadi
- Laboratory of Water and Environment, Research team: Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Process Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of El Jadida, University Chouaïb Doukkali, P.O. Box 20, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Mohammed El Amine Ghanjaoui
- Laboratory of Water and Environment, Research team: Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Process Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of El Jadida, University Chouaïb Doukkali, P.O. Box 20, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Abdelkahhar Aguedache
- Laboratory of Water and Environment, Research team: Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Process Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of El Jadida, University Chouaïb Doukkali, P.O. Box 20, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Mohammed El Krati
- Laboratory of Water and Environment, Research team: Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Process Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of El Jadida, University Chouaïb Doukkali, P.O. Box 20, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Soufiane Tahiri
- Laboratory of Water and Environment, Research team: Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Process Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of El Jadida, University Chouaïb Doukkali, P.O. Box 20, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco.
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Ahmouda K, Benhaoua B. Preferential and enhanced adsorption of methyl green on different greenly synthesized magnetite nanoparticles: investigation of the influence of the mediating plant extract’s acidity. RSC Adv 2022; 12:14593-14609. [PMID: 35702240 PMCID: PMC9100377 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01085b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Four magnetite nanoparticle (NP) samples have been greenly synthesized using four aqueous plant extracts, which are Artemisia herba-alba (L), Rosmarinus officinalis (L), Matricaria pubescens (L), and Juniperus phoenicia (L). The pH of these extracts are acidic (5.25, 5.05, 4.63, and 3.69, respectively). The synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, ATR-FTIR, and UV-Vis. This work aimed to study the preferential and enhanced adsorption of methyl green (MG) on the four greenly synthesized Fe3O4 surfaces by coupling three processes: MG adsorption in ambient dark conditions as the first process, followed by the thermocatalysis of the MG/Fe3O4 residual solution in the second process, and finally photocatalysis by the UV irradiation of MG/Fe3O4 residual solution after carrying out thermocatalysis. The novelty of this study lies in highlighting the influence of the mediating plant extract’s acidity on the magnetite NPs’ physicochemical characteristics, which impact the preferential and enhanced MG adsorption. The studied physicochemical characteristics are the functional hydroxyl group density on the magnetite surface, grain size, and band gap energy. It was found that the plant extract’s acidity has a clear effect on the studied physicochemical properties. The analysis of the FTIR spectra showed that the hydroxyl group densities differ on the four magnetite samples. Furthermore, the calculated grain sizes of the magnetite samples based on XRD spectra data vary from 29.27 to 41.49 nm. The analysis of the UV-Vis spectra of the four magnetite samples showed that the estimated direct band gap energies vary from 2.87 to 2.97 eV. The obtained results showed that the decrease of the mediating plant extract’s acidity leads to an increase in the hydroxyl group density on magnetite surfaces, which resulted in an increase in the MG adsorption capacities and yields in the first process of adsorption. Thus, MG adsorption was more preferred on greenly synthesized magnetite surfaces mediated by plant extracts with low acidity (Artemisia herba-alba (L) and Rosmarinus officinalis (L)). Furthermore, the increase of the plant extract’s acidity leads to a decrease in the particle size and an increase in the band gap energy and, therefore, to the decrease of the electron/hole pair recombination speed upon electron excitation. So, magnetite greenly synthesized from a more acidic mediating plant extract showed higher thermo- and photocatalytic activities for MG adsorption (Juniperus phoenicia (L) and Matricaria pubescens (L)). However, under photocatalysis, the enhancement is even more significant compared to thermocatalysis. Magnetite NP samples synthesized from less acidic plant extracts have more dense active sites and prefer adsorbing more MG. The increase of plant extract acidity leads to the increase of the thermo- and photocatalytic activities of Fe3O4 NPs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouthar Ahmouda
- Department of Process Engineering and Petrochemistry, Faculty of Technology, University of El Oued, El Oued, 39000, Algeria
- Renewable Energy in Arid Zones Research Unit, University of El Oued, El Oued, 39000, Algeria
| | - Boubaker Benhaoua
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of El Oued, El Oued, 39000, Algeria
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Jun BM, Han J, Park CM, Yoon Y. Ultrasonic degradation of selected dyes using Ti 3C 2T x MXene as a sonocatalyst. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 64:104993. [PMID: 32018135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.104993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
MXene, a new family of two dimensional materials, was utilized as a sonocatalyst in an ultrasonic treatment (US) process for removal of methylene blue (MB) and acid blue 80 (AB). The physico-chemical properties of MXene were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, porosimetry, and a zeta potential analyzer. Degradation of dyes by US was systemically investigated under several experimental conditions including: power density of US (45, 90, 135, and 180 W L-1), frequency of US (28 and 970 kHz), pH of dye solution (3.5, 7, and 10.5), solution temperature (293, 303, and 313 K), and addition of hydroxyl radical promotor (H2O2) and scavenger (t-BuOH) to concentrations of 25 mM. Based on the experimental results, the quantity of H2O2, which was used as an indicator of hydroxyl radical concentration, was an important factor in determining the degradation rate of MB and AB in this US study. Additionally, synergetic indices for removal of both dyes were higher than 1.0 in all cases, indicating the outstanding efficiency of MXene as a sonocatalyst in the US reactor for removal of both, due to an increase in both (i) the quantity of H2O2 in the US reactor and (ii) active sites for adsorbates from dispersion effects. A stability test on MXene in the US process was conducted using X-ray diffraction and five-cycle recycling performance tests. Based on our experimental data, MXene can be utilized as a sonocatalyst in the US process for a high removal rate for dyes (e.g., MB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Moon Jun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 300 Main Street, SC 29208, USA
| | - Jonghun Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Army Academy at Youngcheon, 495 Hogook-ro, Gokyungmeon, Youngcheon, Gyeongbuk 38900, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Min Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeomin Yoon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 300 Main Street, SC 29208, USA.
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Momeni MM, Kahforoushan D, Abbasi F, Ghanbarian S. Using Chitosan/CHPATC as coagulant to remove color and turbidity of industrial wastewater: Optimization through RSM design. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 211:347-355. [PMID: 29427927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important solid-liquid separation processes is coagulation and flocculation that is extensively used in the primary treatment of industrial wastewater. The biopolymers, because of biodegradable properties and low cost have been used as coagulants. In this study, chitosan as a natural coagulant of choice, was modified by (3-chloro 2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride and was used to remove the color and turbidity of industrial wastewater. To evaluate the effect of pH, settling time, the initial turbidity of wastewater, the amount of coagulant, and the concentration of dye (Melanoidin) were chosen to study their effects on removal of wastewater color and turbidity. The experiments were done in a batch system by using a jar test. To achieve the optimum conditions for the removal of color and turbidity, the response surface methodology (RSM) experimental design method was used. The results obtained from experiments showed that the optimum conditions for the removal of color were as: pH = 3, concentration of dye = 1000 mg/L, settling time = 78.93 min, and dose of coagulant = 3 g/L. The maximum color removal in these conditions was predicted 82.78% by the RSM model. The optimal conditions for the removal of turbidity of the waste water were as: pH = 5.66, initial turbidity = 60 NTU, settling time = 105 min, and amount of coagulant = 3 g/L. The maximum turbidity removal in these circumstances was predicted 94.19% by the model. The experimental results obtained in optimum conditions for removal of color and turbidity were 76.20% and 90.14%, respectively, indicating the high accuracy of the prediction model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davood Kahforoushan
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran; Environmental Engineering Research Center, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Farhang Abbasi
- Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghanbarian
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
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Derikvandi H, Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh A. Increased photocatalytic activity of NiO and ZnO in photodegradation of a model drug aqueous solution: Effect of coupling, supporting, particles size and calcination temperature. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 321:629-638. [PMID: 27694027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically ball-mill prepared clinoptilolite nanoparticles (NC) were used for increasing photocatalytic activity of NiO and ZnO as alone and binary systems. The semiconductors were supported onto the zeolite during calcination of Ni(II)-Zn(II)-exchanged NC at different calcinations temperatures. XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, X-ray mapping, DRS, TEM and BET techniques were used for characterization of the samples. The calcined catalysts at 400°C for 4h showed the best photocatalytic activity for metronidazole (MNZ) in aqueous solution. The mole ratio of ZnO/NiO affected the photodegradation efficiency because activity of the coupled catalysts depends to the both e/h production and electron scavenging processes. In the used system, NiO acted as e/h production source and ZnO as an electron sink. Red shifts in band gaps of the supported coupled semiconductors was observed whit respect to monocomponent one, confirming formation of nanoparticles of the semiconductors onto the zeolitic bed. The best activities were obtained for the NiO1.3-ZnO1.5/NC (NZ-NC) and NiO0.7-ZnO4.3/NC (NZ3-NC) catalysts at pH 3, 1.2gL-1 of the catalysts and 1gL-1 of MNZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Derikvandi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 311-86145, Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran, Iran; Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, Iran
| | - Alireza Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh
- Department of Chemistry, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 311-86145, Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran, Iran; Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, Iran; Razi Chemistry Research Center (RCRC), Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
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The Preparation and Characterization of Immobilized TiO2/PEG by Using DSAT as a Support Binder. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/app7010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ajmal A, Majeed I, Malik RN, Idriss H, Nadeem MA. Principles and mechanisms of photocatalytic dye degradation on TiO2based photocatalysts: a comparative overview. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06658h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 755] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pictorial representation of all possible dye degradation reaction in UV light initiated indirect dye degradation mechanism. This mechanism is practically more important over visible light initiated direct mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anila Ajmal
- Department of Environmental Sciences
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 4200, Pakistan
| | - Imran Majeed
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 4200, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Department of Environmental Sciences
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 4200, Pakistan
| | - Hicham Idriss
- CRI-KAUST
- Saudi Basic Industries Corporation
- Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Amtiaz Nadeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 4200, Pakistan
- CRI-KAUST
- Saudi Basic Industries Corporation
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Rajabi M, Bagheri-Roochi M, Asghari A. Effect of electrolyte nature on kinetics of remazol yellow G removal by electrocoagulation. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024411100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ghanizadeh G, Asgari G. Adsorption kinetics and isotherm of methylene blue and its removal from aqueous solution using bone charcoal. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-010-0247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Foo K, Hameed B. Decontamination of textile wastewater via TiO2/activated carbon composite materials. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 159:130-43. [PMID: 20673570 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 06/05/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Water scarcity and pollution rank equal to climate change as the most urgent environmental turmoil for the 21st century. To date, the percolation of textile effluents into the waterways and aquifer systems, remain an intricate conundrum abroad the nations. With the renaissance of activated carbon, there has been a steadily growing interest in the research field. Recently, the adoption of titanium dioxide, a prestigious advanced photo-catalyst which formulates the new growing branch of activated carbon composites for enhancement of adsorption rate and discoloration capacity, has attracted stern consideration and supports worldwide. Confirming the assertion, this paper presents a state of art review of titanium dioxide/activated carbon composites technology, its fundamental background studies, and environmental implications. Moreover, its major challenges together with the future expectation are summarized and discussed. Conclusively, the expanding of activated carbons composites material represents a potentially viable and powerful tool, leading to the plausible improvement of environmental conservation.
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Li J, Wu F, Mailhot G, Deng N. Photodegradation of chloroform in aqueous solution: impact of montmorillonite KSF particles. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 174:368-374. [PMID: 19828241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work, photodegradation of chloroform in water suspensions of montmorillonite KSF (KSF) under a black light lamp (lambda=365 nm) was investigated. The results showed that KSF induced the photodegradation of chloroform by producing hydroxyl radical (OH) that oxidized chloroform in the heterogeneous clay-water systems. The photodegradation of chloroform in KSF suspensions was greatly influenced by the concentration of KSF and the pH of KSF suspensions. The photodegradation of chloroform by KSF followed the Langmuir-Hinshelwood Model. Furthermore, the removal efficiency of chloroform can be enhanced by the presence of carboxylates (oxalate and citrate) and humic acid (HA). This work demonstrates that KSF can be used as a new and efficient photocatalyst in oxidation and removal of organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Nanoporous polymer monoliths as adsorptive supports for robust photocatalyst of Degussa P25. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 339:434-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bi X, Wang P, Jiao C, Cao H. Degradation of remazol golden yellow dye wastewater in microwave enhanced ClO2 catalytic oxidation process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 168:895-900. [PMID: 19345484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.02.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2007] [Revised: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to investigate the removal of remazol golden yellow dye in order to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of microwave enhanced chlorine dioxide (ClO(2)) catalytic oxidation process. The catalyst used in this process was CuO(n)-La(2)O(3)/gamma-Al(2)O(3). The operating parameters such as the ClO(2) dosage, catalyst dosage, and pH were evaluated. The results showed that microwave enhanced catalytic oxidation process could effectively degrade remazol golden yellow dye with low oxidant dosage in a short reaction time and extensive pH range compared to the conventional wet catalytic oxidation. Under the optimal condition (ClO(2) concentration 80 mg/L, microwave power 400 W, contacting time 1.5 min, catalyst dosage 70 g/L, and pH 7), color removal efficiency approached 94.03%, corresponding to 67.92% of total organic carbon removal efficiency. It was found that the fluorescence intensity in microwave enhanced ClO(2) catalytic oxidation system was about 500a.u. which was verified that there was much hydroxyl radical produced. Compared with different processes, microwave enhanced ClO(2) catalytic oxidation system could significantly enhance the degradation efficiency. It provides an effective technology for dye wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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