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Liu Y, Shao B, Jiang W, Zhang X, Gao L, Han C, Xiong W. Experimental study on the aluminum aggregate property during the treatment of lightweight oil spills using electrocoagulation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38350023 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2315097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The properties of aggregates significantly affect the demulsification efficiency within the electrocoagulation reactor. This paper aims to explore aggregate properties including the particle size, strength factor (Fs), and recovery factor (Fr). The experiments were carried out using aluminum-aluminum electrodes. The experimental results indicate that breakage time did not change Fs much but was positively correlated with Fr. When the current was increased from 0.75 A to 1.0 A, Fs experienced a decrease of 12.42%, while Fr exhibited an increase of 19.38%. In comparison to pH 9.0, both Fs and Fr demonstrated an increase at pH levels of 2.0 and 10.0. The size of aggregates significantly decreases under rocking conditions simulating offshore environments, while the oil removal rate does not change much. This phenomenon can be attributed to the fact that different initial mean particle sizes have different Fs and Fr. The aggregates |Fs-Fr| were positively correlated with the initial average particle size of the electroflocculated aggregates. The present study offers a crucial theoretical foundation for the growth and regulation of aggregates formed during electrocoagulation treatment of oil spills on the sea surface.Synopsis: This paper is of great theoretical value for understanding the growth and control of EC aggregates to treat offshore light oil spills using the electrocoagulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oilfield Produced Water Treatment and Environmental Pollution Control (Sinopec Petroleum Engineering Corporation), Dongying, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyan Shao
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oilfield Produced Water Treatment and Environmental Pollution Control (Sinopec Petroleum Engineering Corporation), Dongying, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenming Jiang
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oilfield Produced Water Treatment and Environmental Pollution Control (Sinopec Petroleum Engineering Corporation), Dongying, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oilfield Produced Water Treatment and Environmental Pollution Control (Sinopec Petroleum Engineering Corporation), Dongying, People's Republic of China
| | - Lujing Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyu Han
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oilfield Produced Water Treatment and Environmental Pollution Control (Sinopec Petroleum Engineering Corporation), Dongying, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oilfield Produced Water Treatment and Environmental Pollution Control (Sinopec Petroleum Engineering Corporation), Dongying, People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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2
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Al-Othman AA, Kaur P, Imteaz MA, Hashem Ibrahim ME, Sillanpää M, Mohamed Kamal MA. Modified bio-electrocoagulation system to treat the municipal wastewater for irrigation purposes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135746. [PMID: 35863413 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A modified biological-integrated electrocoagulation method was explored to treat municipal wastewater (MWW) for irrigation purposes. To use treated wastewater for irrigation purposes a wide range of contaminants removal was focused on in this study (turbidity, hardness, conductivity, TDS, TSS, chloride, Ammonia nitrogen, BOD, COD, and total coliform). Raw municipal wastewater (RMWW) was treated in a modified Bio-Electrocoagulation (BEC) cell. The cell was operated in a continuous flow mode and consisted of an electrocoagulation stage using aluminum (Al) electrodes followed by a bioremediation stage using a fixed bio-filter (BF), the design of the cell was further modified by the addition of a sand filter (SF). The effect of several parameters such as applied voltage (22, 26, and 30 V), inlet flow rate (1, 3, and 5 Lh-1), and initial pH (pH 3, 5, 7, 7.4, and 9) was investigated to determine the optimum operating conditions for selected responses. The most effective operating conditions for the BEC were investigated for the different irrigation water quality (WQ) indicators. It was observed that pH 7.4 and 26 V provide maximum removal efficiency of contaminants at the flow rate of 1 Lh-1. A fixed film BF plays a positive role to improve the degradation of contaminants after the EC unit up to 4% of NH3-N, 9.3% of BOD, and 7.8% of COD. In addition, using the SF improved the turbidity removal to 42.6%. The WQ specifications of the treated MWW using the BEC cell were compared with the standard specifications for restricted and unrestricted agricultural irrigation water. The overall operating cost of MWW treatment for irrigation purposes by using a modified bio-integrated electrocoagulation method was 0.76 $m-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdulrhman Al-Othman
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food Sciences and Agriculture, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Parminder Kaur
- Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, 00076, Finland.
| | - Monzur A Imteaz
- Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mahmoud Ezzeldin Hashem Ibrahim
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food Sciences and Agriculture, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Zhejiang Rongsheng Environmental Protection Paper Co. LTD, NO.588 East Zhennan Road, Pinghu Economic Development Zone, Zhejiang, 314213, PR China; Department of Civil Engineering, University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
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3
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Gasmi A, Ibrahimi S, Elboughdiri N, Tekaya MA, Ghernaout D, Hannachi A, Mesloub A, Ayadi B, Kolsi L. Comparative Study of Chemical Coagulation and Electrocoagulation for the Treatment of Real Textile Wastewater: Optimization and Operating Cost Estimation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:22456-22476. [PMID: 35811923 PMCID: PMC9260942 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Pollutants derived from real textile wastewater present a high environmental risk. This work involves the study of the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, and turbidity from Tunisian real textile wastewater by two different water treatment technologies: chemical coagulation (CC) and electrocoagulation (EC). A comparative study between these two methods was conducted based on the separation performance and operating cost (OC). The effects of different operational parameters including electrolysis time (t), voltage, and pH for EC and the coagulant concentration, initial pH, and time of slow mixing (t sm) for CC were studied using response surface methodology. The developed quadratic models for the responses were in good agreement with the experimental data. The experiments proved the efficiency of both chemical and electrochemical techniques for the treatment of textile effluent. Indeed, by using EC, the reduction efficiencies of COD, color, and turbidity were 63.05, 99.07, and 96.31%, respectively, under optimal conditions (pH 9, t = 36.26 min, and voltage 4 V). For CC treatment, the achieved removal efficiencies of COD, color, and turbidity were 54.02, 96.21, and 93.7%, respectively, at pH 8.57, a coagulant concentration of 204.75 mg/L, and a t sm of 28.41 min as optimal operating conditions. The OC obtained for EC and CC was about 0.47 and 0.2 USD/m3, respectively. Even if the OC of the EC process was higher as compared to the CC process, the treated water obtained by EC meets the Tunisian Standards (NT 106.03 and NT 09-14) for textile wastewater discharge into the environment and demonstrates a high potential for its reuse in various industrial activities. EC technology can be integrated into a wastewater management system that ensures a zero liquid discharge of wastewater into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aicha Gasmi
- Laboratory
of Engineering Processes and Industrial Systems, Chemical Engineering
Department, National School of Engineers of Gabes, University of Gabes, Street Omar Ibn El-Khattab, Gabes 6029, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Ibrahimi
- Mechanical
Modeling, Energy and Materials Unit Research (MEM), National School of Engineering of Gabes, Gabes 6029, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Elboughdiri
- Chemical
Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha′il, P.O. Box
2440, Ha′il 81441, Saudi Arabia
- Chemical
Engineering Process Department, National School of Engineers Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes 6029, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Aymen Tekaya
- Laboratory
of Engineering Processes and Industrial Systems, Chemical Engineering
Department, National School of Engineers of Gabes, University of Gabes, Street Omar Ibn El-Khattab, Gabes 6029, Tunisia
| | - Djamel Ghernaout
- Chemical
Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha′il, P.O. Box
2440, Ha′il 81441, Saudi Arabia
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Blida, P.O. Box 270, Blida 09000, Algeria
| | - Ahmed Hannachi
- Laboratory
of Engineering Processes and Industrial Systems, Chemical Engineering
Department, National School of Engineers of Gabes, University of Gabes, Street Omar Ibn El-Khattab, Gabes 6029, Tunisia
| | - Abdelhakim Mesloub
- Department
of Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha′il, P.O. Box
2440, Ha′il 81441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badreddine Ayadi
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha′il, P.O. Box
2440, Ha′il 81441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lioua Kolsi
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha′il, P.O. Box
2440, Ha′il 81441, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Hassani A, Malhotra M, Karim AV, Krishnan S, Nidheesh PV. Recent progress on ultrasound-assisted electrochemical processes: A review on mechanism, reactor strategies, and applications for wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112463. [PMID: 34856168 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) have received significant attention among the many other water and wastewater treatment technologies. However, achieving a desirable removal effect with a single technique is frequently difficult. Therefore, the integration of ultrasound technique with other processes such as electrocoagulation, electro-Fenton, and electrooxidation is a critical way to achieve effective organic pollutants decomposition from wastewater. This review paper is focused on ultrasound-assisted electrochemical (US/electrochemical) processes, so-called sonoelectrochemical processes of various organic pollutants. Emphasis was given to recently published articles for discussing the results and trends in this research area. The use of ultrasound and integration with electrochemical processes has a synergistic impact owing to the physical and chemical consequences of cavitation, resulting in enhancing the mineralization of organic pollutants. Various types of sonoelectrochemical reactors (batch and continuous) employed in the US/electrochemical processes were reviewed. In addition, the strategies to avoid passivation, enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species, and mixing effect are reviewed. Finally, concluding remarks and future perspectives on this research topic are also explored and recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydin Hassani
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey.
| | - Milan Malhotra
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India
| | - Ansaf V Karim
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India
| | - Sukanya Krishnan
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India
| | - P V Nidheesh
- CSIR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
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5
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Ahmad A, Priyadarshini M, Das S, Ghangrekar MM. Electrocoagulation as an efficacious technology for the treatment of wastewater containing active pharmaceutical compounds: a review. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2021.1972011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Azhan Ahmad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Monali Priyadarshini
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Sovik Das
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Makarand Madhao Ghangrekar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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6
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Weiss SF, Christensen ML, Jørgensen MK. Mechanisms behind
pH
changes during electrocoagulation. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Søren Fredberg Weiss
- Center for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience Aalborg University Aalborg Øst Denmark
| | | | - Mads Koustrup Jørgensen
- Center for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience Aalborg University Aalborg Øst Denmark
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7
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Zhang Y, Zhao E, Cui X, Zhu W, Han X, Yu G, Wang Y. Removal of organic compounds from shale gas fracturing flowback water by an integrated electrocoagulation and electro-peroxone process. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Que NH, Kawamura Y, Watari T, Takimoto Y, Yamaguchi T, Suematsu H, Niihara K, Wiff JP, Nakayama T. Nanosecond pulse used to enhance the electrocoagulation of municipal wastewater treatment with low specific energy consumption. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:2154-2162. [PMID: 31752629 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1694082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study compares the performance of nanosecond pulse (NSP) and direct current (DC) power supplies for use in a municipal wastewater treatment by electrocoagulation (EC). Four Al plates connected in monopolar-parallel configuration (MP-P) were used as electrodes during the EC process. The maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency reached 68% and 80% using DC and NSP, respectively. Moreover, NSP treatment reduced approximately 15% of the specific energy consumption (SEC) compared with that by DC at a similar COD removal efficiency of ≈ 68%, which was used as a benchmark value. In addition, when using NSP, the SEC required to increase the COD removal efficiency from 60% to 68% was two to three times less than that when DC was applied. The results suggest that an NSP operating at 10 kHz frequency (f) and 1 µs pulse width (pw) are preferred for obtaining higher COD removal efficiencies at a low SEC. The use of an NSP for EC can enhance the COD removal efficiency and reduce the wastewater treatment SEC. The results presented herein promote the use of EC systems combined with renewable energy sources for reducing the net carbon footprint of wastewater processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Ho Que
- Extreme Energy-Density Research Institute, Nagaoka University of Technology, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuta Kawamura
- Extreme Energy-Density Research Institute, Nagaoka University of Technology, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takahiro Watari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuya Takimoto
- Department of Science of Technology Innovation, Nagaoka University of Technology, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamaguchi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Science of Technology Innovation, Nagaoka University of Technology, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Suematsu
- Extreme Energy-Density Research Institute, Nagaoka University of Technology, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koichi Niihara
- Extreme Energy-Density Research Institute, Nagaoka University of Technology, Niigata, Japan
| | - Juan Paulo Wiff
- Department of Science of Technology Innovation, Nagaoka University of Technology, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tadachika Nakayama
- Extreme Energy-Density Research Institute, Nagaoka University of Technology, Niigata, Japan
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9
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Villalobos-Lara AD, Álvarez F, Gamiño-Arroyo Z, Navarro R, Peralta-Hernández JM, Fuentes R, Pérez T. Electrocoagulation treatment of industrial tannery wastewater employing a modified rotating cylinder electrode reactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128491. [PMID: 33045507 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The removal of highly concentrated pollutants, presented in a wastewater mixture from industrial tannery effluents by electrocoagulation, was examined. All experiments were carried out in a rotating cylinder electrode reactor with six aluminum anodes and two sedimentation tanks. The influence of the applied current density and rotational speed on the removal efficiency of an electrocoagulation reactor was studied. Chemical oxygen demand was diminished at 70%, while total suspended solids, chromium (III) and turbidity were almost eliminated (>90%) with 6 mA cm-2 of the applied current density. Additionally, a homogeneous cathodic deposit was obtained at the end of each test. Those cathodic deposits and flocs were analyzed by SEM-EDS. Calculations of the cell energy consumption and the produced aluminum cost were estimated for 6 mA cm-2 and 100 rpm, obtaining 1.98 kWh m-3 and $0.7 USD m-3, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Daniel Villalobos-Lara
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/n, Gto., CP, 36050, Mexico
| | - Francisco Álvarez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/n, Gto., CP, 36050, Mexico
| | - Zeferino Gamiño-Arroyo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/n, Gto., CP, 36050, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Navarro
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Pueblito de Rocha s/n, Gto., CP, 36040, Mexico
| | - Juan M Peralta-Hernández
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Pueblito de Rocha s/n, Gto., CP, 36040, Mexico
| | - Rosalba Fuentes
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/n, Gto., CP, 36050, Mexico
| | - Tzayam Pérez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/n, Gto., CP, 36050, Mexico.
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10
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Zhang Y, Xu R, Sun W, Wang L, Tang H. Li extraction from model brine via electrocoagulation: Processing, kinetics, and mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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11
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Mateen QS, Khan SU, Islam DT, Khan NA, Farooqi IH. Copper (II) removal in a column reactor using electrocoagulation: Parametric optimization by response surface methodology using central composite design. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:1350-1362. [PMID: 32198904 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, electrocoagulation was applied for copper removal from aqueous solution employing iron electrodes in a cylindrical reactor. A four-factorial central composite design (CCD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the effect of various process parameters on removal efficiency and energy consumption as the responses. On optimization, maximum removal efficiency up to 95% was attained with energy consumption as 0.903 W-hour per gram removal of Cu (II) at applied current 0.26 A, initial copper concentration of 27.8 ppm, application time of 5.4 min and pH 7. The interaction between the process variables was evaluated by using the obtained 3-D plots. The models generated were validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Studies carried on Cu (II) removal rate showed adsorption suited pseudo-Ist order kinetics best. Overall, the electrocoagulation process proved efficient, low cost and a promising alternative to conventional treatment procedures in removing Cu (II). PRACTITIONER POINTS: Adsorption over hydroxide/polyhydroxide complexes of Fe assisted in enhanced removal of Cu (II) by EC. Higher concentrations treated at lower current but longer duration reduces energy. pH was found to be the deterministic factor for coagulation. CCD-based optimization reduced energy consumption substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qazi Shabihul Mateen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Saif Ullah Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Dar Tafazul Islam
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Nadeem Ahmad Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Izharul Haq Farooqi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
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Mamelkina MA, Herraiz-Carboné M, Cotillas S, Lacasa E, Sáez C, Tuunila R, Sillanpää M, Häkkinen A, Rodrigo MA. Treatment of mining wastewater polluted with cyanide by coagulation processes: A mechanistic study. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Eulmi A, Hazourli S, Abrane R, Bendaia M, Aitbara A, Touahria S, Chérifi M. Evaluation of Electrocoagulation and Activated Carbon Adsorption Techniques Used Separately or Coupled to Treat Wastewater from Industrial Dairy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2018-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This present study focuses on the evaluation of the effectiveness and the feasibility of a combined treatment between the electrocoagulation (EC) and the adsorption on an activated carbon in grains (GAC) in a continuous mode. The peculiarity of this work is that the experiments are conducted with real wastewater from an industrial dairy. This combined treatment first required an optimization of the EC followed by an adsorption. For each of these techniques, different influential operating parameters such as the current density, the reaction time, the GAC dose, the initial turbidity of water … etc., have been studied. The Turbidity and the COD have been continuously analyzed, while the phosphorus, the BOD5, TSS, nitrogen and the grease have been punctually analyzed, and this happened before and after the water treatment. The EC adsorption coupling results have shown that the addition of an appropriate dose of GAC (2 gL−1) in a separate column, increases the effectiveness of treatment; more than 98 % of reduction for the COD, the BOD5, the turbidity and the greases. A mechanism explaining the phenomena which are involved in this combined treatment is proposed. On the basis of these results of efficiency, speed, low operational cost (~ 3 $m−3 of the treated water), and in comparison with the EC used alone, the EC coupling/the adsorption GAC, could be recommended as a treatment of separation for waters at a high load in organic pollutants.
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Favero AC, Favero BM, Souza FS, Taffarel SR. Treatment of re-refining effluent from lubricating oils by combining electrocoagulation and coagulation-flocculation processes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2019; 55:402-410. [PMID: 31846384 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1702407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A combination of electrocoagulation and coagulation-flocculation processes was used for re-refining effluent from lubricating oils. The efficiency of the process was evaluated based on the chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, and turbidity of the refined effluent. Electrocoagulation (EC) and coagulation-flocculation parameters, such as the initial pH (3.00, 4.41, and 9.00), and current density (4, 9, and 16 A/m2), and the use of aluminum polychloride coagulant and superfloc A300 flocculant were studied. EC performed at pH 9, with a current density of 16 A/m2 and 7 V, resulted in removal efficiencies of 85.14%, 99.81%, and 99.85%, for COD, color, and turbidity, respectively. The removal efficiencies increased to 96%, 99.87%, and 99.94% for COD, color, and turbidity, respectively, by the further coagulation-flocculation treatment in the presence of 13.8 mg/L aluminum polychloride coagulant and 80 mg/L Superfloc A300 flocculant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Favero
- Master in Environmental Impact Assessment, La Salle University, Canoas, Brazil
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15
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Arturi TS, Seijas CJ, Bianchi GL. A comparative study on the treatment of gelatin production plant wastewater using electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01738. [PMID: 31193809 PMCID: PMC6543083 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Effluents from gelatin production plants are highly complex and difficult to treat by conventional methods. The Electrocoagulation (EC) technique was evaluated to treat effluents that contain a heavy load of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and a large quantity of suspended solids. This paper presents results of laboratory scale studies that compare the performance of Chemical Coagulation (CC) with aluminum salts and EC with aluminum electrodes. The heavy organic load and suspended solids in this kind of wastewater lead to low performance in the secondary treatment. SEM-EDS were used to analyze the sludge formed in the EC process and the removal mechanism of pollutants from the wastewater. The structure and composition of the precipitates at different operation conditions, such as pH, show that EC has increased efficiency of COD removal, compared to CC with the same dose of aluminum (Al+3) as coagulant. The efficiency of COD removal was 73.6% with EC and 55.6% with CC. The in-situ formation of zeolites in the EC process explains the high efficiency of this treatment compared to the CC process. The zeolite formation during the EC process in the wastewater of the gelatin production plant has not been reported until now.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gustavo L. Bianchi
- Energy and Environmental Innovation Group, Malvinas Institute, Faculty of Engineering, National University of La Plata, Diagonal 80 No 372, La Plata, Buenos Aires, 1900, Argentina
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Improved oil removal ability by the integrated electrocoagulation (EC)-carbon membrane coupling with electrochemical anodic oxidation (CM/EAO) system. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gobbi LCA, Nascimento IL, Muniz EP, Rocha SMS, Porto PSS. Electrocoagulation with polarity switch for fast oil removal from oil in water emulsions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 213:119-125. [PMID: 29482092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An electrocoagulation technique using a 3.5 L reactor, with aluminum electrodes in a monopolar arrangement with polarity switch at each 10 s was used to separate oil from synthetic oily water similar in oil concentration to produced water from offshore platforms. Up to 98% of oil removal was achieved after 20 min of processing. Processing time dependence of the oil removal and pH was measured and successfully adjusted to exponential models, indicating a pseudo first order behavior. Statistical analysis was used to prove that electrical conductivity and total solids depend significantly on the concentration of electrolyte (NaCl) in the medium. Oil removal depends mostly on the distance between the electrodes but is proportional to electrolyte concentration when initial pH is 8. Electrocoagulation with polarity switch maximizes the lifetime of the electrodes. The process reduced oil concentration to a value below that stipulated by law, proving it can be an efficient technology to minimize the offshore drilling impact in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena C A Gobbi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Energia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Rodovia BR 101 Norte, km. 60, Bairro Litorâneo, CEP 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - Izabela L Nascimento
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Engenharias e Tecnologia, Rodovia BR 101 Norte, km 60, Bairro Litorâneo, CEP 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - Eduardo P Muniz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Energia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Rodovia BR 101 Norte, km. 60, Bairro Litorâneo, CEP 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Rodovia BR 101 Norte, km 60, Bairro Litorâneo, CEP 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - Sandra M S Rocha
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Tecnologia Industrial, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Bairro Goiabeiras, CEP 29075-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Paulo S S Porto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Energia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Rodovia BR 101 Norte, km. 60, Bairro Litorâneo, CEP 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Engenharias e Tecnologia, Rodovia BR 101 Norte, km 60, Bairro Litorâneo, CEP 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil.
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Mamelkina MA, Cotillas S, Lacasa E, Sáez C, Tuunila R, Sillanpää M, Häkkinen A, Rodrigo MA. Removal of sulfate from mining waters by electrocoagulation. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Muñoz M, Llanos J, Raschitor A, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Electrocoagulation as the Key for an Efficient Concentration and Removal of Oxyfluorfen from Liquid Wastes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martín Muñoz
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Enrique Costa Novella Building,
Campus Universitario s/n, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain
| | - Javier Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Enrique Costa Novella Building,
Campus Universitario s/n, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain
| | - Alexandra Raschitor
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Enrique Costa Novella Building,
Campus Universitario s/n, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Enrique Costa Novella Building,
Campus Universitario s/n, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain
| | - Manuel A. Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Enrique Costa Novella Building,
Campus Universitario s/n, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain
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Ayekoe CYP, Robert D, Lanciné DG. Combination of coagulation-flocculation and heterogeneous photocatalysis for improving the removal of humic substances in real treated water from Agbô River (Ivory-Coast). Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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An C, Huang G, Yao Y, Zhao S. Emerging usage of electrocoagulation technology for oil removal from wastewater: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:537-556. [PMID: 27865526 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation is a simple and efficient treatment method involving the electrodissolution of sacrificial anodes and formation of hydroxo-metal products as coagulants, while the simultaneous production of hydrogen at the cathode facilitates the pollutant removal by flotation. Oil is one of the most important hydrocarbon products in the modern world. It can cause environmental pollution during various stages of production, transportation, refining and use. Electrocoagulation treatment is particularly effective for destabilization of oil-in-water emulsions by neutralizing charges and bonding oil pollutants to generated flocs and hydrogen bubbles. The development of electrocoagulation technologies provided a promising alternative for oil removal from wastewater. This paper presents a review of emerging electrochemical technologies used for treating oil-containing wastewater. It includes a brief description of the oily wastewater origin and characteristics. The treatment processes developed so far for oily wastewater and the electrocoagulation mechanisms are also introduced. This paper summarizes the current applications of electrocoagulation for oil removal from wastewater. The factors that influence the electrocoagulation treatment efficiencies as well as the process optimization and modeling studies are discussed. The state-of-the-art and development trends of electrocoagulation process for oil removal are further introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjiang An
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina S4S 0A2, Canada; Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Communities, University of Regina, Regina S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Gordon Huang
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina S4S 0A2, Canada; Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Communities, University of Regina, Regina S4S 0A2, Canada.
| | - Yao Yao
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Shan Zhao
- Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Communities, University of Regina, Regina S4S 0A2, Canada
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Abstract
AbstractThe conventional coagulation technique of textile wastewater treatments is plagued with the issue of low removal rate of pollutants and generation of a large quantity of sludge. Recently, electrocoagulation (EC) technique gained immense attention due to its efficiency. The technique involves dissolution of the sacrificial anodes to provide an active metal hydroxide as a strong coagulant that destabilizes and amasses particles and then removes them by precipitation or adsorption. EC process is influenced by operating parameters such as applied current density, electrodes material and configuration, type of electrical connection, pH and conductivity of the solution, and mixing state. Consequently, this work reviewed the major and minor reactions of EC process with operational parameters, design of EC cell, mass transfer studies and modeling, and industrial wastewater applications. The work also includes comparison of EC technique with conventional coagulation and combinations with other techniques. Special emphasis is on removal of pollutants from textile wastewater. Further, the electrical energy supplies and cost analysis are also discussed. Even though several publications have covered EC process recently, no review work has treated the systematic process design and how to minimize the effect of passivation layer deposited on the surface of the electrodes. EC process with rotating electrodes has been recommended to reduce this phenomenon. The effect of electrodes geometry is considered to enhance the conductivity of the cell and reduce energy consumption. The studies of ionic mass transfer were not implemented before special by limiting current method during the EC process. Moreover, no aforementioned studies used computational fluid dynamics modeling to present the mass transfer inside the EC reactor.
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Elabbas S, Ouazzani N, Mandi L, Berrekhis F, Perdicakis M, Pontvianne S, Pons MN, Lapicque F, Leclerc JP. Treatment of highly concentrated tannery wastewater using electrocoagulation: Influence of the quality of aluminium used for the electrode. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 319:69-77. [PMID: 26777109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper deals with the ability of electrocoagulation (EC) to remove simultaneously COD and chromium from a real chrome tanning wastewater in a batch stirred electro-coagulation cell provided with two aluminium-based electrodes (aluminium/copper/magnesium alloy and pure aluminium). Effects of operating time, current density and initial concentration of Cr(III) and COD have been investigated. The concentrations of pollutants have been successfully reduced to environmentally acceptable levels even if the concentrated effluent requires a long time of treatment of around 6h with a 400A/m(2) current density. The aluminium alloy was found to be more efficient than pure aluminium for removal of COD and chromium. Dilution of the waste has been tested for treatment: high abatement levels could be obtained with shorter time of treatment and lower current densities. Energy consumption of the electrocoagulation process was also discussed. The dilution by half of the concentrated waste leads to a higher abatement performance of both COD and chromium with the best energy efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Elabbas
- Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie, Ecotoxicologie et Assainissement (LHEA, URAC 33), Faculté de Sciences Semlalia, BP 2390, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco; Centre National d'Etude et de Recherche sur l'Eau et l'Energie (CNEREE), Université Cadi Ayyad, BP 511, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - N Ouazzani
- Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie, Ecotoxicologie et Assainissement (LHEA, URAC 33), Faculté de Sciences Semlalia, BP 2390, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco; Centre National d'Etude et de Recherche sur l'Eau et l'Energie (CNEREE), Université Cadi Ayyad, BP 511, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - L Mandi
- Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie, Ecotoxicologie et Assainissement (LHEA, URAC 33), Faculté de Sciences Semlalia, BP 2390, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco; Centre National d'Etude et de Recherche sur l'Eau et l'Energie (CNEREE), Université Cadi Ayyad, BP 511, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - F Berrekhis
- Equipe de Physico-chimie des Matériaux, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université Cadi Ayyad, BP 2400, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - M Perdicakis
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement (LCPME) UMR 7564, Université de Lorraine-CNRS, 405 rue de Vandœuvre, F-54602 Villers-lès Nancy Cedex, France
| | - S Pontvianne
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP) UMR 7274, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy cedex, France
| | - M-N Pons
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP) UMR 7274, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy cedex, France
| | - F Lapicque
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP) UMR 7274, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy cedex, France
| | - J-P Leclerc
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP) UMR 7274, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy cedex, France.
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Genc A, Bakirci B. Destabilization and Treatment of Emulsified Oils in Wastewaters by Electrocoagulation. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2016; 88:2008-2014. [PMID: 28661320 DOI: 10.2175/106143016x14733681695203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the optimum operating conditions for the treatment of emulsified oils by electrocoagulation were determined depending on droplet stability analysis. Zeta potential measurements were used as the indication of oil droplet charges. In addition, the effects of pH and ionic conductivity on the droplet sizes and surface charges were investigated. The studied emulsified oil droplet sizes were more sensitive to changes in pH rather than salt concentration. The droplets became larger and unstable in alkaline conditions. As the initial pH of wastewaters increased, the oil removal efficiency increased during the electrocoagulation experiments as well. The use of iron or aluminum electrodes resulted in higher removal efficiencies in comparison to stainless steel electrodes. In addition, the energy consumption for aluminum electrodes was much lower than iron electrodes. To obtain 98% oil removal efficiency, distance between the electrodes was recommended to be less than or equal to 1 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayten Genc
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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25
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Guerreiro LF, Rodrigues CSD, Duda RM, de Oliveira RA, Boaventura RAR, Madeira LM. Treatment of sugarcane vinasse by combination of coagulation/flocculation and Fenton's oxidation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 181:237-248. [PMID: 27353374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of individual and integrated processes applied to organic matter reduction and biodegradability improvement of a biodigested sugarcane vinasse wastewater was assessed. Strategies considered were Fenton's oxidation (Strategy 1), coagulation/flocculation (Strategy 2) and the combination of both processes (coagulation/flocculation followed by Fenton's reaction) - Strategy 3. It was found that Fenton's oxidation per se allowed reducing the organic matter, increasing the wastewater biodegradability and a non-toxic effluent was generated; however the cost of treatment was very high (86.6 R$/m(3) - 21.2 €/m(3)). Under optimized conditions, coagulation/flocculation provided a slight increase in effluent's biodegradability, toxicity towards Vibrio fischeri was also eliminated and moderate removals of total organic carbon - TOC - (30.5%), biological oxygen demand - BOD5 - (27.9%) and chemical oxygen demand - COD - (43.6%) were achieved; however, the operating costs are much smaller. The use of dissolved iron resulting from coagulation/flocculation (270 mg/L) as catalyst in the second stage - Fenton's oxidation - was shown to be an innovative and economically attractive strategy. Under optimal conditions overall removals of 51.6% for TOC, 45.7% for BOD5 and 69.2% for COD were achieved, and a biodegradable (BOD5:COD ratio = 0.54) and non-toxic effluent was obtained. In order to increase the efficiency of the process but using less hydrogen peroxide, the Fenton's oxidation was performed by gradually adding the oxidant. This procedure allowed to obtain the highest organic matter removal efficiency (as compared with the addition of all hydrogen peroxide at the beginning of the reaction). This way it was possible to minimize the reagent consumption and, consequently, reduce the treatment cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia F Guerreiro
- LEPABE - Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia e Energia, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen S D Rodrigues
- LEPABE - Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia e Energia, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rose M Duda
- Faculdade de Tecnologia de Jaboticabal, "Nilo Stéfani", Av. Eduardo Zambianchi, 31, 14883-130, Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto A de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Saneamento Ambiental, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Av. Prof. Paulo Donato Castallene, km 5, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Rui A R Boaventura
- LSRE - Laboratório de Processos de Separação e Reação, Laboratório Associado LSRE/LCM, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luis M Madeira
- LEPABE - Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia e Energia, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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Naje AS, Chelliapan S, Zakaria Z, Abbas SA. Electrocoagulation using a rotated anode: A novel reactor design for textile wastewater treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 176:34-44. [PMID: 27039362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the optimum operational conditions of a novel rotated bed electrocoagulation (EC) reactor for the treatment of textile wastewater. The effect of various operational parameters such as rotational speed, current density (CD), operational time (RT), pH, temperature, and inter-electrode distance (IED) on the pollutant removal efficiency were examined. In addition, the consumption of aluminum (Al) and electrical energy, as well as operating costs at optimum conditions were also calculated. The results indicated that the optimum conditions for the treatment of textile wastewater were achieved at CD = 4 mA/cm(2), RT = 10 min, rotational speed = 150 rpm, pH = 4.57, temperature = 25 °C, and IED = 1 cm. The electrode consumption, energy consumption, and operating costs were 0.038 kg/m(3), 4.66 kWh/m(3) and 0.44 US$/m(3), respectively. The removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solid (TSS), turbidity and color were 97.10%, 95.55%, 98%, 96% and 98.50%, respectively, at the first 10 min of reaction time, while the phenol compound of the wastewater was almost entirely removed (99.99%). The experimental results confirm that the new reactor design with rotated anode impellers and cathode rings provided high treatment efficiency at a reduced reaction time and with lower energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Samir Naje
- Department of Engineering, UTM Razak School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Semarak, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan
- Department of Engineering, UTM Razak School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Semarak, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment, Block C07, Level 2, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Zuriati Zakaria
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Semarak, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saad A Abbas
- Department of Engineering, UTM Razak School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Semarak, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chellam S, Sari MA. Aluminum electrocoagulation as pretreatment during microfiltration of surface water containing NOM: A review of fouling, NOM, DBP, and virus control. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 304:490-501. [PMID: 26619048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) is the intentional corrosion of sacrificial anodes (typically aluminum or iron) by passing electricity to release metal-ion coagulant species and destabilize a wide range of suspended, dissolved, and macromolecular contaminants. It can be integrated ahead of microfiltration (MF) to effectively control turbidity, microorganisms, and disinfection by-products (DBPs) and simultaneously maintain a high MF specific flux. This manuscript summarizes the current knowledge on MF pretreatment by aluminum EC particularly focusing on mechanisms of (i) electrocoagulant dosing, (ii) (bio)colloid destabilization, (iii) fouling reductions, and (iv) enhanced removal of viruses, natural organic matter (NOM), and DBP precursors. Electrolysis efficiently removes hydrophobic NOM, viruses, and siliceous foulants. Aluminum effectively electrocoagulates viruses by physically encapsulating them in flocs, neutralizing their surface charge and reducing electrostatic repulsion, and increasing hydrophobic interactions between any sorbed NOM and free viruses. New results included herein demonstrate that EC achieves DBP control by removing NOM, reducing chlorine-reactivity of remaining NOM, and inducing a slight shift toward more brominated trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. EC reduces MF fouling by forming large flocs that tend to deposit on the membrane surface, i.e. decrease pore penetration and forming more permeable cakes and by reducing foulant mass in case of significant floc-flotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankararaman Chellam
- Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3136, United States.
| | - Mutiara Ayu Sari
- Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3136, United States
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Bazrafshan E, Mohammadi L, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Mahvi AH. Heavy metals removal from aqueous environments by electrocoagulation process- a systematic review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2015; 13:74. [PMID: 26512324 PMCID: PMC4624377 DOI: 10.1186/s40201-015-0233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals pollution has become a more serious environmental problem in the last several decades as a result releasing toxic materials into the environment. Various techniques such as physical, chemical, biological, advanced oxidation and electrochemical processes were used for the treatment of domestic, industrial and agricultural effluents. The commonly used conventional biological treatments processes are not only time consuming but also need large operational area. Accordingly, it seems that these methods are not cost-effective for effluent containing toxic elements. Advanced oxidation techniques result in high treatment cost and are generally used to obtain high purity grade water. The chemical coagulation technique is slow and generates large amount of sludge. Electrocoagulation is an electrochemical technique with many applications. This process has recently attracted attention as a potential technique for treating industrial wastewater due to its versatility and environmental compatibility. This process has been applied for the treatment of many kinds of wastewater such as landfill leachate, restaurant, carwash, slaughterhouse, textile, laundry, tannery, petroleum refinery wastewater and for removal of bacteria, arsenic, fluoride, pesticides and heavy metals from aqueous environments. The objective of the present manuscript is to review the potential of electrocoagulation process for the treatment of domestic, industrial and agricultural effluents, especially removal of heavy metals from aqueous environments. About 100 published studies (1977-2016) are reviewed in this paper. It is evident from the literature survey articles that electrocoagulation are the most frequently studied for the treatment of heavy metal wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edris Bazrafshan
- />Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Leili Mohammadi
- />Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Amir Hossein Mahvi
- />Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- />Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- />National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,, Tehran, Iran
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Särkkä H, Vepsäläinen M, Sillanpää M. Natural organic matter (NOM) removal by electrochemical methods — A review. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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30
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Bazrafshan E, Alipour MR, Mahvi AH. Textile wastewater treatment by application of combined chemical coagulation, electrocoagulation, and adsorption processes. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19443994.2015.1027960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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31
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Mansoorian HJ, Mahvi AH, Jafari AJ. Removal of lead and zinc from battery industry wastewater using electrocoagulation process: Influence of direct and alternating current by using iron and stainless steel rod electrodes. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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32
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Raschitor A, Fernandez CM, Cretescu I, Rodrigo MA, Cañizares P. Sono-electrocoagulation of wastewater polluted with Rhodamine 6G. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Characteristics of an electrocoagulation–electroflotation process in separating powdered activated carbon from urban wastewater effluent. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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35
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Rodrigues CSD, Boaventura RAR, Madeira LM. Technical and economic feasibility of polyester dyeing wastewater treatment by coagulation/flocculation and Fenton's oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014; 35:1307-1319. [PMID: 24701928 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.866983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the efficiency of individual and integrated processes applied to organic matter abatement and biodegradability improvement of a polyester dyeing wastewater, namely coagulation/flocculation combined with Fenton's reagent (Approach 1), Fenton oxidation alone (Approach 2) and its integration with coagulation/flocculation (Approach 3). The effects of Fe2+ dose, initial concentration of the oxidant (H202) and temperature during Fenton's oxidation were evaluated in Approaches 1 and 2, whereas in Approach 3 the influence ofpH and flocculant dose was also assessed, during the coagulation/flocculation stage. Toxicity and biodegradability of the final effluent were also evaluated. After oxidation, a slight increase in the specific oxygen uptake rate of the effluent was observed (from 27.0 up to 28.5-30.0mg O2/(gVSSh)) and the inhibition to Vibrio fischeri was eliminated. An effluent that complies with discharge standards was obtained in all cases; however, Approach 3 revealed to be a promising solution for treating this effluent as it leads to smaller operating costs. Therefore, the use of dissolved iron resulting from Fenton's oxidation as coagulant in the second stage was shown to be an innovative, efficient and economically attractive strategy for treating these effluents.
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36
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Llanos J, Cotillas S, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Effect of bipolar electrode material on the reclamation of urban wastewater by an integrated electrodisinfection/electrocoagulation process. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 53:329-338. [PMID: 24531029 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This work presents an integrated electrodisinfection/electrocoagulation (ED-EC) process for urban wastewater reuse that employs iron bipolar electrodes. Boron doped diamond (BDD) was used as the anode and stainless steel (SS) as the cathode. A perforated iron plate was introduced between the anode and cathode to function as a bipolar electrode. This ED-EC combined cell makes it possible to conduct the simultaneous removal of microbiological content and elimination of turbidity from urban wastewater. The results show that current densities greater than or equal to 6.70 A m(-2) enable complete disinfection of the effluent and the removal of more than 90% of its initial turbidity. Hypochlorite and chloramines formed during the ED-EC process were found to be the main compounds responsible for the disinfection process. Furthermore, a cell configuration of cathode (inlet)-anode (outlet) improves the process performance by enhancing turbidity removal. Finally, the influence of the bipolar electrode material (iron or aluminium) was assessed. The results indicate that the efficiency of the electrodisinfection process depends mainly on the anodic material and is not influenced by the material of the bipolar electrode. In contrast, the removal of turbidity is more efficient when using iron as a bipolar electrode, especially at low current densities, due to the formation of a passive layer on the aluminium that hinders the dissolution of the bipolar electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Salvador Cotillas
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
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37
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Sahu O, Mazumdar B, Chaudhari PK. Treatment of wastewater by electrocoagulation: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:2397-413. [PMID: 24243160 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The electrocoagulation (EC) process is an electrochemical means of introducing coagulants and removing suspended solids, colloidal material, and metals, as well as other dissolved solids from water and wastewaters. The EC process has been successfully employed in removing pollutants, pesticides, and radionuclides. This process also removes harmful microorganisms. More often during EC operation, direct current is applied and electrode plates are sacrificed (dissolved into solution). The dissolution causes an increased metal concentration in the solution that finally precipitates as oxide precipitates. Due to improved process design and material of construction, the EC process is being widely accepted over other physicochemical processes. Presently, this process has gained attention due to its ability to treat large volume and for its low cost. The aim of this study is to review the mechanism, affecting factors, process, and application of the electrocoagulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omprakash Sahu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NIT Raipur (C.G.), Raipur, India,
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38
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Rodrigues CSD, Madeira LM, Boaventura RAR. Decontamination of an Industrial Cotton Dyeing Wastewater by Chemical and Biological Processes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie402750p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen S. D. Rodrigues
- LSRE
− Laboratório de Processos de Separação
e Reação, Laboratório Associado LSRE/LCM e ‡LEPABE −
Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia
e Energia, Departamento de Engenharia Quı́mica,
Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luis M. Madeira
- LSRE
− Laboratório de Processos de Separação
e Reação, Laboratório Associado LSRE/LCM e ‡LEPABE −
Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia
e Energia, Departamento de Engenharia Quı́mica,
Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui A. R. Boaventura
- LSRE
− Laboratório de Processos de Separação
e Reação, Laboratório Associado LSRE/LCM e ‡LEPABE −
Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente, Biotecnologia
e Energia, Departamento de Engenharia Quı́mica,
Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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39
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Bebelis S, Bouzek K, Cornell A, Ferreira M, Kelsall G, Lapicque F, Ponce de León C, Rodrigo M, Walsh F. Highlights during the development of electrochemical engineering. Chem Eng Res Des 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2013.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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Cotillas S, Llanos J, Cañizares P, Mateo S, Rodrigo MA. Optimization of an integrated electrodisinfection/electrocoagulation process with Al bipolar electrodes for urban wastewater reclamation. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:1741-50. [PMID: 23351433 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel integrated electrochemical process for urban wastewater regeneration is described. The electrochemical cell consists in a Boron Doped Diamond (BDD) or a Dimensionally Stable Anode (DSA) as anode, a Stainless Steel (SS) as cathode and a perforated aluminum plate, which behaves as bipolar electrode, between anode and cathode. Thus, in this cell, it is possible to carry out, at the same time, two different electrochemical processes: electrodisinfection (ED) and electrocoagulation (EC). The treatment of urban wastewater with different anodes and different operating conditions is studied. First of all, in order to check the process performance, experiments with synthetic wastewaters were carried out, showing that it is possible to achieve a 100% of turbidity removal by the electrodissolution of the bipolar electrode. Next, the effect of the current density and the anode material are studied during the ED-EC process of actual effluents. Results show that it is possible to remove Escherichia coli and turbidity simultaneously of an actual effluent from a WasteWater Treatment Facility (WWTF). The use of BDD anodes allows to remove the E. coli completely at an applied electric charge of 0.0077 A h dm(-3) when working with a current density of 6.65 A m(-2). On the other hand, with DSA anodes, the current density necessary to achieve the total removal of E. coli is higher (11.12 A m(-2)) than that required with BDD anodes. Finally, the influence of cell flow path and flow rate have been studied. Results show that the performance of the process strongly depends on the characteristics of the initial effluent (E. coli concentration and Cl(-)/NH(4)(+) initial ratio) and that a cell configuration cathode (inlet)-anode (outlet) and a higher flow rate enhance the removal of the turbidity from the treated effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Cotillas
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
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41
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Kuokkanen V, Kuokkanen T, Rämö J, Lassi U. Recent Applications of Electrocoagulation in Treatment of Water and Wastewater—A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/gsc.2013.32013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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42
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Sarfaraz MV, Ahmadpour E, Salahi A, Rekabdar F, Mirza B. Experimental investigation and modeling hybrid nano-porous membrane process for industrial oily wastewater treatment. Chem Eng Res Des 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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43
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44
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Harif T, Khai M, Adin A. Electrocoagulation versus chemical coagulation: coagulation/flocculation mechanisms and resulting floc characteristics. WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:3177-88. [PMID: 22525456 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) and chemical coagulation (CC) are employed in water treatment for particle removal. Although both are used for similar purposes, they differ in their dosing method - in EC the coagulant is added by electrolytic oxidation of an appropriate anode material, while in CC dissolution of a chemical coagulant is used. These different methods in fact induce different chemical environments, which should impact coagulation/flocculation mechanisms and subsequent floc formation. Hence, the process implications when choosing which to apply should be significant. This study elucidates differences in coagulation/flocculation mechanisms in EC versus CC and their subsequent effect on floc growth kinetics and structural evolution. A buffered kaolin suspension served as a representative solution that underwent EC and CC by applying aluminum via additive dosing regime in batch mode. In EC an aluminum anode generated the active species while in CC, commercial alum was used. Aluminum equivalent doses were applied, at initial pH values of 5, 6.5 and 8, while samples were taken over pre-determined time intervals, and analyzed for pH, particle size distribution, ζ potential, and structural properties. EC generated fragile flocs, compared to CC, over a wider pH range, at a substantially higher growth rate, that were prone to restructuring and compaction. The results suggest that the flocculation mechanism governing EC in sweep floc conditions is of Diffusion Limited Cluster Aggregation (DCLA) nature, versus a Reaction Limited Cluster Aggregation (RLCA) type in CC. The implications of these differences are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Harif
- Soil & Water Sciences Department, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
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45
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Mansouri K, Hannachi A, Abdel-Wahab A, Bensalah N. Electrochemically Dissolved Aluminum Coagulants for the Removal of Natural Organic Matter from Synthetic and Real Industrial Wastewaters. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie202188m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Mansouri
- Department of Chemical
Engineering,
National School of Engineering of Gabes, University of Gabes, 6072 Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Hannachi
- Department of Chemical
Engineering,
National School of Engineering of Gabes, University of Gabes, 6072 Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nasr Bensalah
- Department of Chemical
Engineering,
National School of Engineering of Gabes, University of Gabes, 6072 Gabes, Tunisia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
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46
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Arsenic removal from drinking water through a hybrid ion exchange membrane – Coagulation process. Sep Purif Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2011.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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47
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Alcázar Á, de Lucas A, Carmona M, Rodríguez JF. Synthesis of sulphonated microcapsules of P(St–DVB) containing di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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48
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Abidin ZZ, Ismail N, Yunus R, Ahamad IS, Idris A. A preliminary study on Jatropha curcas as coagulant in wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2011; 32:971-977. [PMID: 21882550 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2010.521955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Many coagulants, mainly inorganic, are widely used in conventional water and wastewater treatment. Recent studies reported the occurrence of some chronic diseases associated with residual coagulant in treated wastewater. The use of alternative coagulants which are biodegradable and environmentally friendly could alleviate the problem associated with these diseases. This work investigates the capability of Jatropha curcas seed and presscake (the residue left after oil extraction) to reduce the turbidity of wastewater through coagulation. The coagulant was prepared by dissolving Jatropha curcas seed and presscake powder into solution. Then jar tests were conducted on kaolin solution as the model wastewater. The Jatropha seed was found to be an effective coagulant with more than 96% of turbidity removal at pH 1-3 and pH 11-12. The highest turbidity removal was recorded at pH 3 using a dosage of 120 mg/L. The flocs formed using Jatropha were observed to be bigger and to sediment faster when compared with flocs formed using alum. The turbidity removal was high (>98%) at all turbidities (100 NTU to 8000 NTU), suggesting its suitability for a wide range of industrial wastewater. The performance of Jatropha presscake after extraction of oil was also comparable to the fresh seed and alum at highly acidic and highly alkaline conditions. The addition of Jatropha did not significantly affect the pH of the kaolin samples after treatment and the sludge volume produced was less in comparison to alum. These results strongly support the use of Jatropha curcas seed and presscake as a potential coagulant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zurina Z Abidin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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49
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50
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Meas Y, Ramirez JA, Villalon MA, Chapman TW. Industrial wastewaters treated by electrocoagulation. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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