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Szopińska M, Prasuła P, Baran P, Kaczmarzyk I, Pierpaoli M, Nawała J, Szala M, Fudała-Książek S, Kamieńska-Duda A, Dettlaff A. Efficient removal of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) from industrial/military wastewater using anodic oxidation on boron-doped diamond electrodes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4802. [PMID: 38413693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55573-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
With growing public concern about water quality particular focus should be placed on organic micropollutants, which are harmful to the environment and people. Hence, the objective of this research is to enhance the security and resilience of water resources by developing an efficient system for reclaiming industrial/military wastewater and protecting recipients from the toxic and cancerogenic explosive compound-2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), which has been widely distributed in the environment. This research used an anodic oxidation (AO) process on a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode for the TNT removal from artificial and real-life matrices: marine water and treated wastewater. During experiments, TNT concentrations were significantly decreased, reaching the anodic degradation efficiency of above 92% within two hours and > 99.9% after six hours of environmental sample treatment. The presented results show the great potential of AO performed on BDD anodes for full-scale application in the industry and military sectors for TNT removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Szopińska
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Prasuła
- Military Institute of Armament Technology, Wyszyńskiego 7, 05-220, Zielonka, Poland
| | - Piotr Baran
- Military Institute of Armament Technology, Wyszyńskiego 7, 05-220, Zielonka, Poland
| | - Iwona Kaczmarzyk
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mattia Pierpaoli
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jakub Nawała
- Military University of Technology, S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Szala
- Military University of Technology, S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Fudała-Książek
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agata Kamieńska-Duda
- Military Institute of Armament Technology, Wyszyńskiego 7, 05-220, Zielonka, Poland
| | - Anna Dettlaff
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
- Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Guz R, Barreto-Rodrigues M. Integration of heterogeneous photocatalysis (TiO 2/UV) and activated sludge system operated in air lift reactor for the treatment of industrial effluent red water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2022; 57:773-779. [PMID: 35946570 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2110553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the industrial production of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), purification steps are required to ensure the quality of the product, procedures that generate wastewater of a complex nature and with eco-toxicological potential, called red water, which consists of soluble sulfonates, TNT isomers, and other typical nitro aromatic compounds. The present work aimed to study the effects of integrating heterogeneous photocatalysis based on commercial TiO2, with a biological process, based on activated sludge, for red water treatment. For the photocatalytic treatment, a 72% reduction in the typical absorption of nitro aromatic compounds (the region between 195 - 275 nm), a 36% reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD), and a 68% reduction in total phenols were obtained. In the biological treatment, there was a 60% reduction in absorbance in the typical nitro aromatics region (NA), 10% reduction in COD, and 36% reduction in total phenols (FT). The integration of photocatalytic and biological treatments showed promising results compared to the individual processes. Having 94% reduction in NA absorbance, 72% reduction in FT, and 89% reduction in COD with an association of photocatalytic pretreatment followed by biological, and reductions of 88% in NA absorbance, 62% in FT, and 87% in COD for a biological pretreatment followed by the photocatalytic process. In general, when comparing the chemical and biological processes, isolated and integrated, both types of integration showed significantly superior results. They were able to remove the main nitro aromatic constituents of the Red Water effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Guz
- Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina (IFSC), Brazil
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3
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McEneff GL, Richardson A, Webb T, Wood D, Murphy B, Irlam R, Mills J, Green D, Barron LP. Sorbent Film-Coated Passive Samplers for Explosives Vapour Detection Part B: Deployment in Semi-Operational Environments and Alternative Applications. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5816. [PMID: 29643411 PMCID: PMC5895787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of new sorbent-film coated passive samplers for capture of bulk commercial and military explosives vapours in operationally relevant spaces such as luggage, rooms, vehicles and shipping containers is presented. Samplers were easily integrated with in-service detection technologies with little/no sample preparation required. Ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN) was detected within 4 h in a container holding a suitcase packed with 0.2 kg Perunit 28E. Within a 22,000 dm3 room, 1 kg of concealed Seguridad was detected within 24 h and in an adjoining room within 7 days. Exposed samplers also successfully captured components of 1 kg TNT after 72 h and 1 kg concealed Perunit 28E after 6 h in both a furnished room and a large, partially filled shipping container. For the latter, samplers captured detectable residues outside the container after 24 h and were stable during wet weather for 72 h. A one-week trial at three operationally relevant venues including a university, a theatre and a government building revealed a nuisance positive rate of <1.4% (n = 72). Finally, two alternative applications are presented for extraction of liquid samples and use a particulate contact swab showing flexibility for a range of different search activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian L McEneff
- King's Forensics, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9NH, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Alexandra Richardson
- King's Forensics, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9NH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Webb
- Threat Mitigation Technologies, Metropolitan Police Service, 113 Grove Park, London, SE5 8LE, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Wood
- Threat Mitigation Technologies, Metropolitan Police Service, 113 Grove Park, London, SE5 8LE, United Kingdom
| | - Bronagh Murphy
- King's Forensics, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9NH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Irlam
- King's Forensics, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9NH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jim Mills
- Air Monitors Ltd., 2/3 Miller Court, Severn Drive, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, GL20 8DN, United Kingdom
| | - David Green
- King's Forensics, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9NH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leon P Barron
- King's Forensics, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9NH, London, United Kingdom.
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Sadani M, Karami MA, Teimouri F, Amin MM, Moosavi SM, Dehdashti B. Kinetic parameters and nitrate, nitrite changes in bioremediation of Toxic Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN) contaminated soil. Electron Physician 2017; 9:5623-5630. [PMID: 29238507 PMCID: PMC5718871 DOI: 10.19082/5623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cleanup of areas contaminated by explosives is a public health concern. Some explosives can be carcinogenic in humans. Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN), a powerful explosive with very low water solubility, can be easily transported to ground waters. Objective This study was conducted to determine the removal efficiencies of PETN from soil by bioremediation, and obtain kinetic parameters of biological process. Methods This experimental study was conducted at the Environmental Health Engineering Lab (Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran) in 2015–2016. In the present work, bioremediation of the explosive-polluted soils by PETN in anaerobic-aerobic landfarming method was performed. The influence of seeding and biosurfactant addition on bioremediation was also evaluated. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel software. Results The results show that, as the initial concentration of PETN increased, the lag phase was increased and the specific growth rate was increased up to 0.1/day in concentration of 50 mg/kg, and then it was decreased to 0.04/day. Subsequent decreases in specific growth rate can cause substrate inhibition. Seeding causes decrease in lag phase significantly. Biosurfactant addition had little to no impact on the length of lag phase, but biosurfactant plus seeding can increase the growth rate to 0.2/day, however, inhibitory effect of the initial concentration was started in very high concentration of PETN (150 mg/kg). Conclusion Biosurfactant addition and seeding together have an impressive effect on biodegradation of PETN, furthermore seeding can enhance active microbial consortium and biosurfactant can improve the poor aqueous solubility of PETN, therefore making the substrate more accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Sadani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Environment Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Center, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Karami
- Environment Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Center, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Teimouri
- Environment Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Center, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Amin
- Ph.D. of Environmental Health, Professor, Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Bahare Dehdashti
- Environment Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Center, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Younas U, Iqbal S, Saleem A, Iqbal M, Nazir A, Noureen S, Mehmood K, Nisar N. Fertilizer industrial effluents: Physico-chemical characterization and water quality parameters evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chnaes.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rapp-Wright H, McEneff G, Murphy B, Gamble S, Morgan R, Beardah M, Barron L. Suspect screening and quantification of trace organic explosives in wastewater using solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-high resolution accurate mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 329:11-21. [PMID: 28119193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The first comprehensive assessment of 34 solid phase extraction sorbents is presented for organic explosive residues in wastewater prior to analysis with liquid chromatography-high resolution accurate mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). A total of 18 explosives were selected including nitramines, nitrate esters, nitroaromatics and organic peroxides. Three polymeric divinylbenzene-based sorbents were found to be most suitable and one co-polymerised with n-vinyl pyrrolidone offered satisfactory recoveries for 14 compounds in fortified wastewater (77-124%). Limits of detection in matrix ranged from 0.026-23μgL-1 with R2≥0.98 for most compounds. The method was applied to eight 24-h composite wastewater samples from a London wastewater works and one compound, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, was determined over five days between 332 and 468g day-1 (225-303ngL-1). To further exploit the suspect screening capability, 17 additional explosives, precursors and transformation products were screened in spiked wastewater samples. Of these, 14 were detected with recoveries from 62 to 92%, highlighting the broad applicability of the method. To our knowledge, this represents the first screen of explosives-related compounds in wastewater from a major European city. This method also allows post-analysis detection of new or emerging compounds using full-scan HRMS datasets to potentially identify and locate illegal manufacture of explosives via wastewater analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Rapp-Wright
- Analytical & Environmental Sciences Division, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Gillian McEneff
- Analytical & Environmental Sciences Division, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Bronagh Murphy
- Analytical & Environmental Sciences Division, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Sally Gamble
- UCL Department of Security and Crime Science, 35 Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9EZ, UK
| | - Ruth Morgan
- UCL Department of Security and Crime Science, 35 Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9EZ, UK
| | - Matthew Beardah
- Forensic Explosives Laboratory, Dstl Fort Halstead, TN14 7BP, UK
| | - Leon Barron
- Analytical & Environmental Sciences Division, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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Guz R, de Moura C, da Cunha MAA, Rodrigues MB. Factorial design application in photocatalytic wastewater degradation from TNT industry-red water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:6055-6060. [PMID: 27005279 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In trinitrotoluene (TNT) purification process, realized in industries, there are two washes carried out at the end of the procedure. The first is performed with vaporized water, from which the first effluent, called yellow water, is originated. Then, a second wash is performed using sodium sulfite, generating the red water effluent. The objective of this work was to get the best conditions for photocatalytic degradation of the second effluent, red water, in order to reduce toxicity and adjust legal parameters according to regulatory agencies for dumping these effluents into waterways. It has used a statistical evaluation for factor interaction (pH, concentration) that affects heterogeneous photocatalysis with titanium dioxide (TiO2). Thus, the treatment applied in the factorial experimental design consisted of using a volume equal to 500 mL of the effluent to 0.1 % by batch treatment, which has changed TiO2 pH and concentration, according to the design, with 20 min time for evaluation, where it was used as response to the reduction of UV-Vis absorption. According to the design responses, it has obtained optimum values for the parameters evaluated: pH = 6.5 and concentration of 100 mg/L of TiO2 were shown to be efficient when applied to red water effluent, obtaining approximately 91 % of discoloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Guz
- Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina-IFSC, Campus Caçador. Av. Fahdo Thomé, 3000, Champagnat, CEP 89500-000, Caçador, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane de Moura
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná-UTFPR, Câmpus Pato Branco. Via do Conhecimento, Km 1, CEP 85503-390, Pato Branco, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mário Antônio Alves da Cunha
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná-UTFPR, Câmpus Pato Branco. Via do Conhecimento, Km 1, CEP 85503-390, Pato Branco, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcio Barreto Rodrigues
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná-UTFPR, Câmpus Pato Branco. Via do Conhecimento, Km 1, CEP 85503-390, Pato Branco, Paraná, Brazil
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Red water treatment by photodegradation process in presence of modified TiO2 nanoparticles and validation of treatment efficiency by MLR technique. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-016-0945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mercimek HA, Dincer S, Guzeldag G, Ozsavli A, Matyar F, Arkut A, Kayis F, Ozdenefe MS. Degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by P. aeruginosa and characterization of some metabolites. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 46:103-11. [PMID: 26221094 PMCID: PMC4512054 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838246120140026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), a nitroaromatic explosive found in the soil and ground water, was investigated using Pseudomonas aeruginosa in in vitro experiments . Biodegradable abilitiy of this bacteria was performed with 50 and 75 mg L (-1) TNT concentrations in a defined liquid medium for 96 h time period. Treatment of TNT in supernatant samples taken at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h from agitated vessels was followed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In cultures supplemented with 50 and 75 mgL (-1) TNT, after 96 h of incubation 46% and 59% reduction were detected respectively. Two metabolites as degradation intermediates with nitrite release into the medium, 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) and 4-aminodinitrotoluene (4-ADNT), were elucidated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). These findings clearly indicate that Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be used in bioremediation of TNT contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Aysun Mercimek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kilis 7 Aralik University, Kilis, Turkey
| | - Sadik Dincer
- Department of Biology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Gulcihan Guzeldag
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kilis 7 Aralik University, Kilis, Turkey
| | - Aysenur Ozsavli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kilis 7 Aralik University, Kilis, Turkey
| | - Fatih Matyar
- Department of Science and Technology Education, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Afet Arkut
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Turkey
| | - Fikret Kayis
- Department of Biology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Removal of organic pollutants from mononitrotoluene (MNT) wastewater by reduced pressure distillation. Sep Purif Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ribeiro EN, da Silva FT, de Paiva TCB. Evaluation of the sensitivity of freshwater organisms used in toxicity tests of wastewater from explosives company. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 89:915-920. [PMID: 22872378 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-012-0772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Explosives industries are a source of toxic discharge. The aim of this study was to compare organisms sensitivity (Daphnia similis, Danio rerio, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida) in detecting acute toxicity in wastewater from two explosives, 2,4,6-TNT (TNT) and nitrocellulose. The samples were collected from an explosives company in the Paraiba Valley, São Paulo, Brazil. The effluents from TNT and nitrocellulose production were very toxic for tested organisms. Statistical tests indicated that D. similis and D. rerio were the most sensitive organisms for toxicity detection in effluents from 2,4,6-TNT and nitrocellulose production. The P. putida bacteria was the organism considered the least sensitive in indicating toxicity in effluents from nitrocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Nolasco Ribeiro
- Faculty of Planaltina, University of Brasília, Área Universitária n.1, Planaltina, DF CEP 73300-000, Brazil.
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Wei F, Zhang Y, Lv F, Chu PK, Ye Z. Extraction of organic materials from red water by metal-impregnated lignite activated carbon. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 197:352-360. [PMID: 22015039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 08/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Extraction of organic materials from 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) red water by lignite activated carbon (LAC) impregnated with Cu(2+), Ba(2+), Sn(2+), Fe(3+), Ca(2+) and Ag(+) was investigated. The affinity to organic materials in red water was found to follow the order: Cu/LAC>Sn/LAC>Ag/LAC>Ba/LAC>Fe/LAC>Ca/LAC, which was explained by the hard and soft acid base (HSAB) theory. Cu(2+) showed the best performance and several parameters were further studied. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) verified effective loading of Cu(2+) on the LAC surface. The water quality before and after treated by Cu/LAC was evaluated using high performance liquid chromatograph, Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS), UV-vis spectroscopy and other analyses. The extraction performances and mechanism of organic materials on Cu/LAC were investigated through static methods. The experimental results showed that Cu/LAC possessed stronger extraction ability for the sulfonated nitrotoluenes than the non-sulfonated nitrotoluenes, the kinetic data fitted the pseudo-second-order kinetic model well. In addition, the leaching out of Cu(2+) from Cu/LAC was found much lower in the 100 times diluted red water (0.074%) than in the raw water (10.201%). Column adsorptions with more concentrated red water were also studied. Finally, Cu/LAC was observed to possess excellent reusability as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes & Mineral Resources, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
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Ye Z, Zhao Q, Zhang M, Gao Y. Acute toxicity evaluation of explosive wastewater by bacterial bioluminescence assays using a freshwater luminescent bacterium, Vibrio qinghaiensis sp. Nov. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 186:1351-1354. [PMID: 21185645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The compositions of explosive wastewater generated from TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) purification stage were characterized by using UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) and gas chromatograph/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). The acute toxicity was evaluated by bacterium bioluminescence assay using a freshwater luminescent bacterium (Vibrio qinghaiensis sp. Nov.) and a marine luminescent bacterium (Photobacterium phosphoreum). The results showed that the wastewater's biodegradability was poor due to the high amount of chemical oxygen demand (COD). The main organic components were dinitrotoluene sulfonates (DNTS) with small amount of TNT, dinitrotoluene (DNT), mononitrotoluene (MNT) and other derivatives of nitrobenzene. It was highly toxic to luminescent bacteria P. phosphoreum and V. qinghaiensis sp. Nov. After reaction time of 15 min, the relative concentration of toxic pollutants (expressed as reciprocal of dilution ratio of wastewater) at 50% of luminescence inhibition ratio was 5.32×10(-4) for P. phosphoreu, while that was 4.34×10(-4) for V. qinghaiensis. V. qinghaiensis is more sensitive and suitable for evaluating the wastewater's acute toxicity than P. phosphoreum. After adsorption by resin, the acute toxicity can be greatly reduced, which is helpful for further treatment by biological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfang Ye
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China
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Stenuit BA, Agathos SN. Microbial 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene degradation: could we learn from (bio)chemistry for bioremediation and vice versa? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 88:1043-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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