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Khangkhachit W, Suyotha W, O-Thong S, Prasertsan P. Cellulase production by Aspergillus fumigatus A4112 and the potential use of the enzyme in cooperation with surfactant to enhance floating oil recovery and methane production from palm oil mill effluent. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38909283 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2024.2368627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
This research performed cellulase production by Aspergillus fumigatus A4112 and evaluated its potential use in palm oil mill effluent (POME) hydrolysis to recover oil simultaneously with the generation of fermentable sugar useful for biofuel production under non-sterilized conditions. Empty fruit bunch (EFB) without pretreatment was used as carbon source. The combination of nitrogen sources facilitated CMCase production. The maximum activity (3.27 U/mL) was obtained by 1.0 g/L peptone and 1.5 g/L (NH4)2SO4 and 20 g/L EFB at 40 °C for 7 days. High level of FPase activity (39.51 U/mL) was also obtained. Interestingly, the enzyme retained its cellulase activities more than 60% at ambient temperature over 15 days. In enzymatic hydrolysis, Triton X-100 was an effective surfactant to increase total oil recovery in the floating form. High yield of reducing sugar (50.13 g/L) and 21% (v/v) of floating oil was recoverable at 65 °C for 48 h. Methane content of the raw POME increased from 41.49 to 64.94% by using de-oiled POME hydrolysate which was higher than using the POME hydrolysate (59.82%). The results demonstrate the feasibility of the constructed process for oil recovery coupled with a subsequent step for methane yield enhancement in biogas production process that benefits the palm oil industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiyada Khangkhachit
- International Program of Biotechnology, Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Wasana Suyotha
- International Program of Biotechnology, Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Sompong O-Thong
- Biofuel and Biocatalysis Innovation Research Unit, Nakhonsawan Campus, Mahidol University, Nakhonsawan, Thailand
| | - Poonsuk Prasertsan
- International Program of Biotechnology, Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
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Xiao C, Wan K, Hu J, Deng X, Liu X, Zhou F, Yu J, Chi R. Performance changes in the anammox process under the stress of rare-earth element Ce(III) and the evolution of microbial community and functional genes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129349. [PMID: 37336455 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The high Ce(III) content in ionic rare-earth tailings wastewater has hindered the application of anammox process in this field. Here, the effect of Ce(III) on the performance of anammox processes was investigated, and the evolution of microbial communities and functional genes was explored using metagenomic sequencing. The results showed that the reactor nitrogen removal rate decreased when the Ce(III) concentration reached 25 mg/L, although ammonia nitrogen removal (92.31%) and nitrogen removal efficiency (81.33%) remained at a high level; however, both showed a significant decreasing trend. The relative abundance of anammox bacteria increased continuously from P1-P5, reaching 48.81%, whereas the relative abundance of Candidatus jettenia reached 33.71% at P5, which surpassed that of Candidatus brocadia as the most abundant anammox bacteria, and further analysis of functional genes and metabolic pathways revealed that Candidatus brocadia was richer in biochemical metabolic genes, whereas Candidatus jettenia had richer efflux genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang 443007, China.
| | - Kai Wan
- Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang 443007, China
| | - Jinggang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Xiangyi Deng
- Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Junxia Yu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Ruan Chi
- Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang 443007, China
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3
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Shukla A, Patwa A, Parde D, Vijay R. A review on generation, characterization, containment, transport and treatment of fecal sludge and septage with resource recovery-oriented sanitation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114389. [PMID: 36152889 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fecal sludge and septage (FSS) are more concentrated than domestic wastewater which makes it difficult to treat and requires immediate attention otherwise, it leads towards serious environmental problems. In this review, an attempt has been made to highlight and discuss the various aspects of fecal sludge and septage management (FSSM) like its generation, characterization, containment, transportation, treatment, reuse and disposal. A comparison of existing fecal sludge treatment plants and technologies has been reviewed considering land requirement, capital cost, operation and maintenance cost, advantages and disadvantages. Based on the existing practices and review, a techno-economic treatment scheme is designed and proposed for solid-liquid separation and treatment of FSS with resource-recovery as fertilizer, material for construction, energy and treated effluent. To make FSSM, self-sustainable, a revenue generation model is also delineated for the researchers and decision-makers to evaluate its feasibility and implementation, especially in developing and underdeveloped countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Shukla
- Wastewater Technology Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India.
| | - Aakash Patwa
- Wastewater Technology Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India.
| | - Divyesh Parde
- Wastewater Technology Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India.
| | - Ritesh Vijay
- Wastewater Technology Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India.
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Soo PL, Bashir MJK, Wong LP. Recent advancements in the treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) using anaerobic biofilm reactors: Challenges and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 320:115750. [PMID: 35933874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Palm oil is the most utilized vegetable globally which is mostly produced in countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand. The great amount of POME generation from palm oil mills is now a threat to the environment and require a suitable treatment of POME to reduce the organic strength in accordance with the standard discharge limit before releasing to the environment. Currently, the technology to combine the anaerobic process and biofilm system in bioreactors have produced a fresh idea in treatments of high strength wastewater like POME. Anaerobic biofilm reactor is a convincing method for POME treatment due to its significant advantages over the conventional biological treatments consisting of anaerobic, aerobic and facultative pond systems. Overall, integrated anaerobic-aerobic bioreactor (IAAB) can remove more than 99% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS) with the combination of anaerobic and aerobic digestion for POME treatment. It has better performance as compared to up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and up-flow anaerobic filter (UAF) with 80% and 88-94% COD removal efficiency respectively. Anaerobic pond was found to perform well also by removing 97.8% of COD in POME but require long retention time and larger land. Hence, this study aims to provide intensive review of the performance of the anaerobic biofilm reactor in treating POME and the recent advancements in this technology. The limitations and future perspectives in utilization of anaerobic biofilm reactor during its operation in treating POME are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Ling Soo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology (FEGT), UniversitiTunku Abdul Rahman, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammed J K Bashir
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology (FEGT), UniversitiTunku Abdul Rahman, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Lai-Peng Wong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology (FEGT), UniversitiTunku Abdul Rahman, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia.
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Isa MH, Bashir MJK, Wong LP. Anaerobic treatment of ultrasound pretreated palm oil mill effluent (POME): microbial diversity and enhancement of biogas production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:44779-44793. [PMID: 35138542 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, palm oil mill effluent (POME) treated by ultrasonication at optimum conditions (sonication power: 0.88 W/mL, sonication duration: 16.2 min and total solids: 6% w/v) obtained from a previous study was anaerobically digested at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs). The reactor biomass was subjected to metagenomic study to investigate the impact on the anaerobic community dynamics. Experiments were conducted in two 5 L continuously stirred fill-and-draw reactors R1 and R2 operated at 30 ± 2 °C. Reactor R1 serving as control reactor was fed with unsonicated POME with HRT of 15 and 20 days (R1-15 and R1-20), whereas reactor R2 was fed with sonicated POME with the same HRTs (R2-15 and R2-20). The most distinct archaea community shift was observed among Methanosaeta (R1-15: 26.6%, R2-15: 34.4%) and Methanobacterium (R1-15: 7.4%, R2-15: 3.2%). The genus Methanosaeta was identified from all reactors with the highest abundance from the reactors R2. Mean daily biogas production was 6.79 L from R2-15 and 4.5 L from R1-15, with relative methane gas abundance of 85% and 73%, respectively. Knowledge of anaerobic community dynamics allows process optimization for maximum biogas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hasnain Isa
- Civil Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Tungku Highway, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Mohammed J K Bashir
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology (FEGT), Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Lai-Peng Wong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology (FEGT), Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia.
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Dominic D, Baidurah S. Recent Developments in Biological Processing Technology for Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment-A Review. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:525. [PMID: 35453724 PMCID: PMC9031994 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
POME is the most voluminous waste generated from palm oil milling activities. The discharge of POME into the environment without any treatment processing could inflict an undesirable hazard to humans and the environment due to its high amount of toxins, organic, and inorganic materials. The treatment of POME prior to discharge into the environment is utmost required to protect the liability for human health and the environment. Biological treatments are preferable due to eco-friendly attributes that are technically and economically feasible. The goal of this review article is to highlight the current state of development in the biological processing technologies for POME treatment. These biological processing technologies are conducted in the presence of fungi, bacteria, microalgae, and a consortium of microorganisms. Numerous microbes are listed to identify the most efficient strain by monitoring the BOD, COD, working volume of the reactor, and treatment time. The most effective processing technology for POME treatment uses an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor with the COD value of 99%, hydraulic retention time of 7.2 days, and a working volume of 4.7 litres. Biological processing technologies are mooted as an efficient and sustainable management practice of POME waste.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siti Baidurah
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
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Baquero ES, Rodríguez DC, Peñuela GA. Individual and synergic effect of carbamazepine and diclofenac in the removal of organic matter from an expanded granular bed anaerobic reactor. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:1620-1635. [PMID: 35290235 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to the negative effects caused to the natural environment by the presence of pharmaceutical-type traces and other pollutants in wastewater, it is necessary to develop and optimize efficient treatment systems. This study evaluated the effect of carbamazepine (CBZ) and diclofenac (DCF) on the behavior of seven EGSB (expanded granular sludge bed) anaerobic reactors at laboratory scale, using chromatographic and physicochemical analyses of the influent, effluent, and the biomass contained in the reactors. The results showed that CBZ had a greater effect on the removal and behavior of microorganisms than DCF, with average efficiencies of 34.04 ± 18.58%, 20.76 ± 8.51% and 16.29 ± 11.08% during stage II, III and IV, respectively, for CBZ, and 92.37 ± 12.74%, 26.77 ± 5.90% and 22.28 ± 9.60% during stage II, III and IV, respectively, for DCF. Additionally, it was found that the interaction of the co-substrate used (sodium acetate) in conjunction with the pharmaceutical compounds decreased the efficiency of the system in terms of the removal of analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sandrith Baquero
- Pollution Diagnostics and Control Group (GDCON), School of the Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Campus (SIU), University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia E-mail:
| | - Diana C Rodríguez
- Pollution Diagnostics and Control Group (GDCON), School of the Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Campus (SIU), University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia E-mail:
| | - Gustavo A Peñuela
- Pollution Diagnostics and Control Group (GDCON), School of the Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Campus (SIU), University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia E-mail:
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8
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Shahzad HMA, Khan SJ, Zeshan, Jamal Y, Habib Z. Evaluating the performance of anaerobic moving bed bioreactor and upflow anaerobic hybrid reactor for treating textile desizing wastewater. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Enhancement of Thermophilic Biogas Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent by pH Adjustment and Effluent Recycling. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9050878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A sudden pH drops always inhibits the anaerobic digestion (AD) reactor for biogas production from palm oil mill effluent (POME). The pH adjustment of POME by oil palm ash addition and the biogas effluent recycling effect on the preventing of pH drop and change of the archaea community was investigated. The pH adjustment of POME to 7.5 increased the methane yield two times more than raw POME (pH 4.3). The optimal dose for pH adjustment by oil palm ash addition was 5% w/v with a methane yield of 440 mL-CH4/gVS. The optimal dose for pH adjustment by biogas effluent recycling was 20% v/v with a methane yield of 351 mL-CH4/gVS. Methane production from POME in a continuous reactor with pH adjustment by 5% w/v oil palm ash and 20% v/v biogas effluent recycling was 19.1 ± 0.25 and 13.8 ± 0.3 m3 CH4/m3-POME, respectively. The pH adjustment by oil palm ash enhanced methane production for the long-term operation with the stability of pH, alkalinity, and archaea community. Oil palm ash increased the number of Methanosarcina mazei and Methanothermobacter defluvii. Oil palm ash is a cost-effective alkali material as a source of buffer and trace metals for preventing the pH drop and the increased methanogen population in the AD process.
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Castrillón Cano L, Londoño YA, Pino NJ, Peñuela GA. Effect of Benzophenone-3 on performance, structure and microbial metabolism in an EGSB system. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:3297-3308. [PMID: 30968737 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1606287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone-3 is an organic compound widely used as a UV filter, which has been reported as water pollutant and is connected with endocrine disruption in humans and animals. Expanded granular sludge beds (EGSB) are a form of an anaerobic digestion system, which has been successfully evaluated for wastewater treatment, and the removal of different compounds, however little is known about the effect of compounds as Benzophenone-3 in the performance of EGSB systems. In this study, we evaluate the effect of BP-3 on the performance, microbial structure and metabolism of EGSB reactors. For this purpose, biogas production, removal efficiencies of BP-3 and DQO were monitored. Changes in bacteria and archaea microbial structure were investigated using PCR-DGGE, and the effect on anaerobic metabolism was evaluated by measuring the expression of mcrA and ACAs genes through qRT-PCR. The systems remained stable and efficient throughout the operation stages, with CH4 percentages greater than 55% and COD and BP-3 removal percentages greater than 90%. The presence of different concentrations of Benzophenone-3 influenced the organization of microbial communities, especially archaea. However, this did not affect the stability and performance of the EGSB systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Castrillón Cano
- GDCON Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Headquarters (SIU), University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Yudy Andrea Londoño
- GDCON Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Headquarters (SIU), University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Nancy J Pino
- School of Microbiology, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gustavo A Peñuela
- GDCON Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Headquarters (SIU), University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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11
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Applications of Fenton oxidation processes for decontamination of palm oil mill effluent: A review. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Ni L, Lin X, Yan H, Wang Y. A novel anammox granules-circulating expanded granular sludge bed reactor for the efficient circulation and retention of floating anammox granules. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:316-326. [PMID: 31265977 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In application of anammox process, the operation of the conventional expanded granular sludge bed reactor (EGSBconv.) is severely limited by the blocking and decay of floating anammox granules.To address this emerging issue, a novel three-phase separator configuration was designed and an anammox granules circulating EGSB (EGSBGC) was proposed in this study. In the EGSBGC, an influent scour on floating granules, whose effect was confirmed by simulation with a three-dimensional flow model, was obtained by integrating the external three-phase separator with the influent and the external cycle. After 166-d operation, the nitrogen removal efficiency of the EGSBGC reached 75.6%, being 1.28-times that of the EGSBconv. (58.9%). The sludge concentration in the main body of the EGSBGC reached 3112 ± 65 mg/L, compared with 2613 ± 42 mg/L in the EGSBconv. (p < 0.05). Moreover, the severe granules blockage and decay problem that is frequently encountered in the EGSBconv. no longer occurred in the EGSBGC. The relative abundance of anammox bacteria in granules from the three-phase separator of the EGSBGC was 29.7%, significantly higher than that from the EGSBconv. (16.1%, p < 0.05). The blockage and decay of granules in the three-phase separator of the EGSBconv. led to an obvious proliferation of heterotrophic bacteria, with their relative abundance increased by 9.4% compared with the seed sludge (38.6% vs. 29.2%). This study proposed a practical three-phase separator configuration to sustain efficient and stable operation of anammox processes toward the promotion of granules circulation, retention and reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Ximao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Hexiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Yayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
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13
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Granular Sludge Bed Processes in Anaerobic Digestion of Particle-Rich Substrates. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12152940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Granular sludge bed (GSB) anaerobic digestion (AD) is a well-established method for efficient wastewater treatment, limited, however, by the wastewater particle content. This review is carried out to investigate how and to what extent feed particles influence GSB to evaluate the applicability of GSB to various types of slurries that are abundantly available. Sludge bed microorganisms evidently have mechanisms to retain feed particles for digestion. Disintegration and hydrolysis of such particulates are often the rate-limiting steps in AD. GSB running on particle-rich substrates and factors that affect these processes are stdied especially. Disintegration and hydrolysis models are therefore reviewed. How particles may influence other key processes within GSB is also discussed. Based on this, limitations and strategies for effective digestion of particle-rich substrates in high-rate AD reactors are evaluated.
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14
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Chaterjee PK, Neogi S, Saha S, Jeon BH, Dey A. Low pH treatment of starch industry effluent with bacteria from leaf debris for methane production. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:377-385. [PMID: 30731023 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cornstarch industry generates a huge amount of acidic effluent, that is, 5-11 M3 /Mt grinding, with a high load of chemical oxygen demand, 6000-19000 mg/L. The acidic effluent requires neutralization making the treatment process expensive. Methanogenesis under the acidic environment (pH 5-5.5) can reduce the cost of operation as well as treatment time. This research focuses on the evaluation of the optimum condition of COD reduction and methane generation simultaneously from leaf debris sludge using Box-Behnken model. Three 1 L bioreactors were seeded with 5000-10000 mg/L inoculum and operated at different pH 4.0-7.0 for 72 hr up to 10 cycles. The production of methane was found maximum 2980 ml after treating the wastewater from the starch industry at pH 5.57 and 9612.9 mg biomass load at 62.4 hr. The high reduction rate of around 97% shows there is ample opportunity for further research on low pH treatment of waste along with recovery as methane. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The low pH tolerant methanogenic bacteria are promising and are isolable from various natural resources. The low pH tolerant methanogens was able to remove 97% COD from starch industry effluent at pH 5.57. The recovery of methane was 2980 ml from 9612 mg/L COD which is at per with present treatment system thus provides cost effective alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shouvik Saha
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Apurba Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India
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15
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Mohd-Nor D, Ramli N, Sharuddin SS, Hassan MA, Mustapha NA, Ariffin H, Sakai K, Tashiro Y, Shirai Y, Maeda T. Dynamics of Microbial Populations Responsible for Biodegradation during the Full-Scale Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent. Microbes Environ 2019; 34:121-128. [PMID: 30905894 PMCID: PMC6594745 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me18104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite efforts to address the composition of the microbial community during the anaerobic treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME), its composition in relation to biodegradation in the full-scale treatment system has not yet been extensively examined. Therefore, a thorough analysis of bacterial and archaeal communities was performed in the present study using MiSeq sequencing at the different stages of the POME treatment, which comprised anaerobic as well as facultative anaerobic and aerobic processes, including the mixed raw effluent (MRE), mixing pond, holding tank, and final discharge phases. Based on the results obtained, the following biodegradation processes were suggested to occur at the different treatment stages: (1) Lactobacillaceae (35.9%) dominated the first stage, which contributed to high lactic acid production; (2) the higher population of Clostridiaceae in the mixing pond (47.7%) and Prevotellaceae in the holding tank (49.7%) promoted acetic acid production; (3) the aceticlastic methanogen Methanosaetaceae (0.6–0.8%) played a role in acetic acid degradation in the open digester and closed reactor for methane generation; (4) Syntrophomonas (21.5–29.2%) appeared to be involved in the degradation of fatty acids and acetic acid by syntrophic cooperation with the hydrogenotrophic methanogen, Methanobacteriaceae (0.6–1.3%); and (5) the phenols and alcohols detected in the early phases, but not in the final discharge phase, indicated the successful degradation of lignocellulosic materials. The present results contribute to a better understanding of the biodegradation mechanisms involved in the different stages of the full-scale treatment of POME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Mohd-Nor
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia.,Department of Biological Function and Engineering, Graduate School of Life Science and System Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology
| | - Norhayati Ramli
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
| | - Siti Suhailah Sharuddin
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ali Hassan
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
| | - Nurul Asyifah Mustapha
- Department of Biological Function and Engineering, Graduate School of Life Science and System Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology
| | - Hidayah Ariffin
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia.,Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia
| | - Kenji Sakai
- Laboratory of Soil and Environmental Microbiology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Yukihiro Tashiro
- Laboratory of Soil and Environmental Microbiology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Yoshihito Shirai
- Department of Biological Function and Engineering, Graduate School of Life Science and System Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology
| | - Toshinari Maeda
- Department of Biological Function and Engineering, Graduate School of Life Science and System Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology
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16
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Bello MM, Abdul Raman AA. Trend and current practices of palm oil mill effluent polishing: Application of advanced oxidation processes and their future perspectives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 198:170-182. [PMID: 28460324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Palm oil processing is a multi-stage operation which generates large amount of effluent. On average, palm oil mill effluent (POME) may contain up to 51, 000 mg/L COD, 25,000 mg/L BOD, 40,000 TS and 6000 mg/L oil and grease. Due to its potential to cause environmental pollution, palm oil mills are required to treat the effluent prior to discharge. Biological treatments using open ponding system are widely used for POME treatment. Although these processes are capable of reducing the pollutant concentrations, they require long hydraulic retention time and large space, with the effluent frequently failing to satisfy the discharge regulation. Due to more stringent environmental regulations, research interest has recently shifted to the development of polishing technologies for the biologically-treated POME. Various technologies such as advanced oxidation processes, membrane technology, adsorption and coagulation have been investigated. Among these, advanced oxidation processes have shown potentials as polishing technologies for POME. This paper offers an overview on the POME polishing technologies, with particularly emphasis on advanced oxidation processes and their prospects for large scale applications. Although there are some challenges in large scale applications of these technologies, this review offers some perspectives that could help in overcoming these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Mohammed Bello
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; Centre for Dryland Agriculture, Bayero University, P.M.B. 3011, Kano State, Nigeria.
| | - Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
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17
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Connelly S, Shin SG, Dillon RJ, Ijaz UZ, Quince C, Sloan WT, Collins G. Bioreactor Scalability: Laboratory-Scale Bioreactor Design Influences Performance, Ecology, and Community Physiology in Expanded Granular Sludge Bed Bioreactors. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:664. [PMID: 28507535 PMCID: PMC5410579 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating the feasibility of new, or improved, biotechnologies, such as wastewater treatment digesters, inevitably start with laboratory-scale trials. However, it is rarely determined whether laboratory-scale results reflect full-scale performance or microbial ecology. The Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) bioreactor, which is a high-rate anaerobic digester configuration, was used as a model to address that knowledge gap in this study. Two laboratory-scale idealizations of the EGSB—a one-dimensional and a three- dimensional scale-down of a full-scale design—were built and operated in triplicate under near-identical conditions to a full-scale EGSB. The laboratory-scale bioreactors were seeded using biomass obtained from the full-scale bioreactor, and, spent water from the distillation of whisky from maize was applied as substrate at both scales. Over 70 days, bioreactor performance, microbial ecology, and microbial community physiology were monitored at various depths in the sludge-beds using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V4 region), specific methanogenic activity (SMA) assays, and a range of physical and chemical monitoring methods. SMA assays indicated dominance of the hydrogenotrophic pathway at full-scale whilst a more balanced activity profile developed during the laboratory-scale trials. At each scale, Methanobacterium was the dominant methanogenic genus present. Bioreactor performance overall was better at laboratory-scale than full-scale. We observed that bioreactor design at laboratory-scale significantly influenced spatial distribution of microbial community physiology and taxonomy in the bioreactor sludge-bed, with 1-D bioreactor types promoting stratification of each. In the 1-D laboratory bioreactors, increased abundance of Firmicutes was associated with both granule position in the sludge bed and increased activity against acetate and ethanol as substrates. We further observed that stratification in the sludge-bed in 1-D laboratory-scale bioreactors was associated with increased richness in the underlying microbial community at species (OTU) level and improved overall performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Connelly
- Infrastructure and Environment, School of Engineering, University of GlasgowGlasgow, UK
| | - Seung G Shin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang, South Korea
| | - Robert J Dillon
- Microbial Communities Laboratory, National University of Ireland GalwayGalway, Ireland
| | - Umer Z Ijaz
- Infrastructure and Environment, School of Engineering, University of GlasgowGlasgow, UK
| | | | - William T Sloan
- Infrastructure and Environment, School of Engineering, University of GlasgowGlasgow, UK
| | - Gavin Collins
- Infrastructure and Environment, School of Engineering, University of GlasgowGlasgow, UK.,Microbial Communities Laboratory, National University of Ireland GalwayGalway, Ireland
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18
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Pérez-Pérez T, Correia GT, Kwong WH, Pereda-Reyes I, Oliva-Merencio D, Zaiat M. Effects of the support material addition on the hydrodynamic behavior of an anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed reactor. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 54:224-230. [PMID: 28391933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As a support material, zeolite can be used to promote the granulation process due to its high settable property and the ability to retain biomass on its surface. The present paper reports on the influence of zeolite addition on the hydrodynamic behavior of an expanded granular sludge bed reactor (EGSB). Different models were applied to fit the flow pattern and to compare EGSB hydrodynamic performance with and without the addition of zeolite. The experimental data fit the tanks in a series model for zeolite bed height of 5cm and upflow velocity of 6m/hr. Higher axial dispersion degree (D/uL) was obtained at lower heights of zeolite. The real hydraulic retention time (HRTr) was increased with both increased zeolite bed height and increased upflow velocity. The short-circuit results for 5cm of zeolite bed and 6, 8 and 10m/hr upflow velocity were 0.3, 0.24 and 0.19 respectively, demonstrating the feasibility of using zeolite for a proper hydrodynamic environment to operate the EGSB reactor. The presence of zeolite resulted in the higher percentage values of dead zones, ranging from 12% to 24%. Zeolite addition exerted a positive effect on the hydrodynamics pattern for this technology being advantageous for the anaerobic process because of its possible contribution to better biofilm agglomeration, granule formation and substrate-microorganism contact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wu Hong Kwong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ileana Pereda-Reyes
- Process Engineering Centre, Instituto Superior Politécnico José Antonio Echeverría (Cujae), 11901, 114 Street, Marianao, Havana, Cuba
| | - Deny Oliva-Merencio
- Study Centre of Renewable Energy Technologies, Instituto Superior Politécnico José Antonio Echeverría (Cujae), 11901, 114 Street, Marianao, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Marcelo Zaiat
- Biological Processes Laboratory, Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Engenharia Ambiental - Bloco 4-F, Av. João Dagnone, 1100 - Santa Angelina, 13.563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Lee YS, Han GB. Application of sequential expanded granular sludge bed reactors for biodegradation of acetate, benzoate, terephtalate and p-toluate in purified terephtalic acid production wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 37:1141-1150. [PMID: 26513246 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1102973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic degradation of four major constituents from purified terephtalic acid production wastewater in sequential two expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors was studied. The performance of the system was evaluated in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies, methane production, stability, granular sludge adaptability as well as reversion of bacterial inhibition. With volumetric loading rates of 1.9-25 kg-COD m(-3) d(-1) and terephtalate and p-toluate of 584-821 mg L(-1), average removal efficiencies of 97.6% and 75.2% were achieved in the EGSB reactors, respectively. In these conditions, gas production reached a total methane production rate of 0.33 L g-COD(-1) in the two-stage EGSB reactor system. The disturbance of the EGSB reactors was observed at a feed concentration above around 6.9 g-COD L(-1) because of higher influent COD concentration compared to other experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Lee
- a Department of Environment Engineering , Hanseo University , Chungcheongnam-do , Republic of Korea
| | - G B Han
- b Department of Biosciences & Environmental Engineering , The Catholic University of Korea , Kyunggi-do , Republic of Korea
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20
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Hosseini SE, Abdul Wahid M. Pollutant in palm oil production process. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2015; 65:773-781. [PMID: 26079550 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2013.873092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a by-product of the palm industry and it releases large amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Water systems are also contaminated by POME if it is released into nonstandard ponds or rivers where it endangers the lives of fish and water fowl. In this paper, the environmental bottlenecks faced by palm oil production were investigated by analyzing the data collected from wet extraction palm oil mills (POMs) located in Malaysia. Strategies for reducing pollution and technologies for GHG reduction from the wet extraction POMs were also proposed. Average GHG emissions produced from processing 1 ton of crude palm oil (CPO) was 1100 kg CO2eq. This amount can be reduced to 200 kg CO2eq by capturing biogases. The amount of GHG emissions from open ponds could be decreased from 225 to 25 kg CO2eq/MT CPO by covering the ponds. Installation of biogas capturing system can decrease the average of chemical oxygen demand (COD) to about 17,100 mg/L and stabilizing ponds in the final step could decrease COD to 5220 mg/L. Using a biogas capturing system allows for the reduction of COD by 80% and simultaneously using a biogas capturing system and by stabilizing ponds can mitigate COD by 96%. Other ways to reduce the pollution caused by POME, including the installation of wet scrubber vessels and increasing the performance of biogas recovery and biogas upgrading systems, are studied in this paper. IMPLICATIONS Around 0.87 m3 POME is produced per 1 ton palm fruit milled. POME consists of around 2% oil, 2-4% suspended solid, 94-96% water. In palm oil mills, more than 90% of GHGs were emitted from POME. From 1 ton crude palm oil, 1100 kg CO2eq GHGs are generated, which can be reduced to 200 kg CO2eq by installation of biogas capturing equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ehsan Hosseini
- a High-Speed Reacting Flow Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering , Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Skudai , Johor , Malaysia
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21
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Khemkhao M, Techkarnjanaruk S, Phalakornkule C. Simultaneous treatment of raw palm oil mill effluent and biodegradation of palm fiber in a high-rate CSTR. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 177:17-27. [PMID: 25479389 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A high-rate continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) was used to produce biogas from raw palm oil mill effluent (POME) at 55°C at a highest organic loading rate (OLR) of 19 g COD/ld. Physical and chemical pretreatments were not performed on the raw POME. In order to promote retention of suspended solids, the CSTR was installed with a deflector at its upper section. The average methane yield was 0.27 l/g COD, and the biogas production rate per reactor volume was 6.23 l/l d, and the tCOD removal efficiency was 82%. The hydrolysis rate of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin was 6.7, 3.0 and 1.9 g/d, respectively. The results of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) suggested that the dominant hydrolytic bacteria responsible for the biodegradation of the palm fiber and residual oil were Clostridium sp., while the dominant methanogens were Methanothermobacter sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneerat Khemkhao
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | | | - Chantaraporn Phalakornkule
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; Department of Chemical Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand; Research and Technology Center for Renewable Products and Energy, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand.
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22
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Londoño YA, Peñuela GA. Anaerobic biological treatment of methylparaben in an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB). WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 71:1604-1610. [PMID: 26038924 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the behavior of an anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed system using different methylparaben (MPB) concentrations. The assay was conducted for 268 days and was divided into seven stages of operation, which included the starting stage and subsequent stages where the MPB concentration was increased. The inoculum that was used was a mixture of anaerobic granular sludge with flocculent active sludge that contained 21.7 g/L of total suspended solids and 17.4 g/L of volatile suspended solids, resulting in an organic content of approximately 80%. The MPB removals after applying concentrations of 300 mg/L, 500 mg/L and 1,000 mg/L during the different stages and adding glucose to the influent were 94±2.4%, 84±5.8% and 88±7.4%, respectively. For phases without glucose, the results were 97.4±0.4%, 96±1.6% and 98.2±0.3%, respectively. The results showed a high pollutant removal and good progress in terms of the physical and biological characteristics of the granular biomass, which showed no change in the presence of the compound or a concentration increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudy Andrea Londoño
- Grupo GDCON, Facultad de Ingeniería, Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52 - 21, Medellín, Colombia E-mail:
| | - Gustavo Antonio Peñuela
- Grupo GDCON, Facultad de Ingeniería, Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52 - 21, Medellín, Colombia E-mail:
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23
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Jeong JY, Son SM, Pyon JH, Park JY. Performance comparison between mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic reactors for treatment of palm oil mill effluent. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 165:122-128. [PMID: 24797939 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent (POME) was carried out under mesophilic (37°C) and thermophilic (55°C) conditions without long-time POME storage in order to compare the performance of each condition in the field of Sumatra Island, Indonesia. The anaerobic treatment system was composed of anaerobic hybrid reactor and anaerobic baffled filter. Raw POME was pretreated by screw decanter to reduce suspended solids and residual oil. The total COD removal rate of 90-95% was achieved in both conditions at the OLR of 15kg[COD]/m(3)/d. The COD removal in thermophilic conditions was slightly better, however the biogas production was much higher than that in the mesophilic one at high OLR. The organic contents in pretreated POME were highly biodegradable in mesophilic under the lower OLRs. The biogas production was 13.5-20.0l/d at the 15kg[COD]/m(3)/d OLR, and the average content of carbon dioxide was 5-35% in both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Young Jeong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Son
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyeon Pyon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Yang Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.
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Malakahmad A, Lahin FA, Yee W. Biodegradation of High-Strength Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) through Anaerobes Partitioning in an Integrated Baffled Reactor Inoculated with Anaerobic Pond Sludge. WATER, AIR, & SOIL POLLUTION 2014; 225:1883. [DOI: 10.1007/s11270-014-1883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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25
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Choi WH, Shin CH, Son SM, Ghorpade PA, Kim JJ, Park JY. Anaerobic treatment of palm oil mill effluent using combined high-rate anaerobic reactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 141:138-144. [PMID: 23489567 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Combined system of high-rate anaerobic reactors for treating palm oil mill effluent (POME) was developed and investigated in this study. The system composed of one common primary hybrid reactor which was shared by two different secondary filter reactors. An overall COD removal efficiency of 93.5% was achieved in both systems. The secondary reactors contributed not only in enhancing the COD removal efficiency, but also ensured the performance stability of the entire system. Biomass remained intact in the secondary reactor in contrast to the primary reactor in which occasional washout of biomass was observed. The pH of POME was adjusted at the beginning of the operation, as the process continued POME did not require the external pH adjustment as the pH was maintained in desired range. The biogas was produced up to 110 l/d with the yield of 0.171-0.269 l [CH₄]/g [COD removed] and 59.5-78.2% content of methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Ho Choi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
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26
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Kundu K, Sharma S, Sreekrishnan TR. Changes in microbial communities in a hybrid anaerobic reactor with organic loading rate and temperature. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 129:538-547. [PMID: 23270718 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Poor understanding of the response of microbial communities to sudden changes in organic and hydraulic loads is one of the major reasons for the inability to prevent operational instabilities in anaerobic reactors. Effect of changes in hydraulic retention time (HRT) and organic loading rate (OLR) on reactor performance and its anaerobic microbial community were investigated in two anaerobic hybrid reactors operated at 37 and 55 °C. HRT was reduced stepwise, while OLR was increased along with influent chemical oxygen demand at fixed HRT until the performance of reactor deteriorated. The profile of archaeal 16S rRNA gene amplicons, resolved by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, reflected system status during disturbances. The more diverse archaeal community in the reactor operated at 37 °C showed better performance than the communities present at 55 °C at higher OLR and shorter HRT, suggesting that higher diversity is indicative of more stable operation of reactors despite organic and hydraulic shocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kankana Kundu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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Chan YJ, Chong MF, Law CL. Start-up, steady state performance and kinetic evaluation of a thermophilic integrated anaerobic-aerobic bioreactor (IAAB). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 125:145-157. [PMID: 23026327 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Thermophilic treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) was studied in a novel integrated anaerobic-aerobic bioreactor (IAAB). The IAAB was subjected to a program of steady-state operation over a range of organic loading rate (OLR)s, up to 30 g COD/L day in order to evaluate its treatment capacity. The thermophilic IAAB achieved high chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS) removal efficiencies of more than 99% for OLR up to 18.5 g COD/L day. High methane yield of 0.32 LCH(4) (STP)/g COD(removed) with compliance of the final treated effluent to the discharge limit were achieved. This is higher than that of the mesophilic system due to the higher maximum specific growth rate (μ(max)) of the thermophilic microorganisms. Besides, coupling the model of Grau second order model (anaerobic system) with the model of Monod (aerobic system) will completely define the IAAB system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jing Chan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Arthur R, Glover K. Biomethane potential of the POME generated in the palm oil industry in Ghana from 2002 to 2009. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 111:155-160. [PMID: 22406099 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The palm oil industry experienced significant improvement in its production level from 2002 to 2009 from the established companies, medium scale mills (MSM), small scale and other private holdings (SS and OPH) groups. However, the same cannot be said for treatment of the palm oil mill effluent (POME) produced. The quantity of crude palm oil (CPO) produced in Ghana from 2002 to 2009 and IPCC guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, specifically on industrial wastewater were used in this study. During this period about 10 million cubic metres of POME was produced translating into biomethane potential of 38.5 million m(3) with equivalent of 388.29 GW h of energy. A linear growth model developed to predict the equivalent carbon dioxide (CO(2)) emissions indicates that if the biomethane is not harnessed then by 2015 the untreated POME could produce 0.58 million tCO(2)-eq and is expected to increase to 0.70 million tCO(2)-eq by 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Arthur
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Koforidua Polytechnic, Koforidua, Box KF 981, Koforidua, Ghana.
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Khalid A, Arshad M, Anjum M, Mahmood T, Dawson L. The anaerobic digestion of solid organic waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 31:1737-44. [PMID: 21530224 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2011.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of solid organic waste is thought to be reaching critical levels in almost all regions of the world. These organic wastes require to be managed in a sustainable way to avoid depletion of natural resources, minimize risk to human health, reduce environmental burdens and maintain an overall balance in the ecosystem. A number of methods are currently applied to the treatment and management of solid organic waste. This review focuses on the process of anaerobic digestion which is considered to be one of the most viable options for recycling the organic fraction of solid waste. This manuscript provides a broad overview of the digestibility and energy production (biogas) yield of a range of substrates and the digester configurations that achieve these yields. The involvement of a diverse array of microorganisms and effects of co-substrates and environmental factors on the efficiency of the process has been comprehensively addressed. The recent literature indicates that anaerobic digestion could be an appealing option for converting raw solid organic wastes into useful products such as biogas and other energy-rich compounds, which may play a critical role in meeting the world's ever-increasing energy requirements in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeem Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi-46300, Pakistan.
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