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Aryanti PTP, Nugroho FA, Anwar N, Rusgiyarto F, Phalakornkule C, Kadier A. Integrated bipolar electrocoagulation and PVC-based ultrafiltration membrane process for palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment. Chemosphere 2024; 347:140637. [PMID: 37952820 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effectiveness of integrating electrocoagulation (EC) and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes for palm oil mill effluent (POME) wastewater treatment was investigated. The impact of various parameters on contaminant removal efficiency, including electrode configuration (monopolar and bipolar), number of anodes, agitation rate, and current density, was studied. The findings demonstrated that using bipolar (BP) electrodes in the EC reactor improved coagulation efficiency. However, an increase in agitation rate led to a decrease in removal efficiency. The electrode configuration of 2A-2C-2B achieved high contaminant removal with a lower electrode consumption compared to the 4A-2C and 4A-2C-2B configurations. The removal efficiencies for total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biological oxygen demand (BOD) were 59.1%, 99.9%, 96.8%, and 96%, respectively. The operating cost for the electrode configuration of 2A-2C-2B was estimated to be 2.71 US$ m-3 at an effluent capacity of 50 m3 d-1 and 20 h d-1 of operating time, while the energy requirement was 6.20 kWh m-3. An increase in operating time from 5 to 24 h d-1 raised the specific operating cost from 2.17 to 2.85 US$ m-3. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing EC and UF processes for POME wastewater treatment, which could have significant implications for sustainable industrial practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putu Teta Prihartini Aryanti
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Jl. Terusan Jenderal Sudirman, Cimahi, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Febrianto Adi Nugroho
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Jl. Terusan Jenderal Sudirman, Cimahi, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nadiem Anwar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Jl. Terusan Jenderal Sudirman, Cimahi, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ferry Rusgiyarto
- Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Jl. Terusan Jenderal Sudirman, Cimahi, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Chantaraporn Phalakornkule
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand; Research Center for Circular Products and Energy, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Abudukeremu Kadier
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Pinpatthanapong K, Puengpraput T, Phattarapattamawong S, Phalakornkule C, Panichnumsin P, Boonapatcharoen N, Paensiri P, Malila K, Ponata N, Ngamcharoen T, Jutakanoke R, Setsungnern A, Tachapermpon Y, Treesubsuntorn C, Boonnorat J. Effect of propionate-cultured sludge augmentation on methane production from upflow anaerobic sludge blanket systems treating fresh landfill leachate. Sci Total Environ 2023; 881:163434. [PMID: 37059144 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This research investigates the effect of propionate-cultured sludge augmentation on methane (CH4) production from upflow anaerobic sludge blanket systems (UASB) treating fresh landfill leachate. In the study, both UASB reactors (UASB 1 and UASB 2) contained acclimatized seed sludge, and UASB 2 was augmented with propionate-cultured sludge. The organic loading rate (OLR) was varied between 120.6, 84.4, 48.2, and 12.0 gCOD/L·d. The experimental results indicated that the optimal OLR of UASB 1 (non-augmentation) was 48.2 gCOD/L·d, achieving the CH4 production of 4019 mL/d. Meanwhile, the optimal OLR of UASB 2 was 12.0 gCOD/L·d, achieving the CH4 yield of 6299 mL/d. The dominant bacterial community in the propionate-cultured sludge included the genera Methanothrix, Methanosaeta, Methanoculleus, Syntrophobacter, Smithella, Pelotomamulum, which are the VFA-degrading bacteria and methanogens responsible for unblocking the CH4 pathway bottleneck. Essentially, the novelty of this research lies in the use of propionate-cultured sludge to augment the UASB reactor in order to enhance CH4 production from fresh landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khathapon Pinpatthanapong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand
| | - Tunyaporn Puengpraput
- Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Songkeart Phattarapattamawong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Chantaraporn Phalakornkule
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok 10800, Thailand; Research Center for Circular Products and Energy, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - Pornpan Panichnumsin
- Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Nimaradee Boonapatcharoen
- Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Phimchaya Paensiri
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Malila
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand
| | - Nattapong Ponata
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand
| | - Thakrit Ngamcharoen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand
| | - Rumpa Jutakanoke
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Mueang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Arnon Setsungnern
- Remediation Laboratory, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Yordkhuan Tachapermpon
- Remediation Laboratory, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Chairat Treesubsuntorn
- Remediation Laboratory, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand; Division of Biotechnology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Jarungwit Boonnorat
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand.
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3
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Khongkliang P, Khemkhao M, Mahathanabodee S, O-Thong S, Kadier A, Phalakornkule C. Efficient removal of tannins from anaerobically-treated palm oil mill effluent using protein-tannin complexation in conjunction with electrocoagulation. Chemosphere 2023; 321:138086. [PMID: 36754310 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the significant removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) by anaerobic digestion, anaerobically-treated palm oil mill effluent (POME) still contains tannins and other phenolic compounds, resulting in residual COD and a brownish color. In this study, we investigated the removal of tannins from anaerobically treated POME using protein-tannin complexation in conjunction with electrocoagulation. The amino acid composition of the protein, aqueous pH, and protein: tannin ratios were found to be important parameters affecting the tannin removal efficiency. Pig blood protein was superior to casein protein in removing tannins, possibly because it had aspartic acid as the major amino acid component. At an optimal condition with a pig blood protein: tannin ratio of 0.33 (w/w), a current density of 30 mA/cm2, pH 5, and an electrolysis time of 10 min, the removals of tannins, COD, and color were 93%, 96%, and 97%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peerawat Khongkliang
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand; Research Center for Circular Products and Energy, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Maneerat Khemkhao
- Rattanakosin College for Sustainable Energy and Environment, Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand; Microbial Informatics and Industrial Product of Microbe Research Center, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Sithipong Mahathanabodee
- Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Sompong O-Thong
- International College, Thaksin University, Songkhla, 90000, Thailand
| | - Abudukeremu Kadier
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chantaraporn Phalakornkule
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand; Research Center for Circular Products and Energy, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand.
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4
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Pinpatthanapong K, Panichnumsin P, Phalakornkule C, Phattarapattamawong S, Treesubsuntorn C, Boonapatcharoen N, Ketbuppha K, Phanwilai S, Boonnorat J. Propionate-cultured sludge bioaugmentation to enhance methane production and micropollutant degradation in landfill leachate treatment. Bioresour Technol 2022; 355:127241. [PMID: 35489571 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This research investigates the use of propionate-cultured sludge to enhance methane (CH4) production and micropollutant biodegradation in biochemical methane potential (BMP) experiment treating landfill leachate. The experiments were carried out using non-acclimatized and acclimatized seed sludge with variable food to microorganism ratios of 1:1 and 1:2. Under the propionate-cultured sludge bioaugmentation, the concentrations of propionate-cultured sludge were varied between 10, 20, and 30 % (v/v). The acclimatized seed sludge exhibited high microbial abundance and diversity which promoted the CH4 production and micropollutant biodegradation. The modified Gompertz model indicated that the optimal condition was the acclimatized seed sludge with 30% (v/v) propionate-cultured sludge, achieving the lag time (λ), maximum CH4 production rate (Rmax), and maximum CH4 potential yield (Pmax) of 0.57 day, 17.35 NmL/h, and 140.58 NmL/g COD. The research novelty lies in the use of propionate-cultured sludge bioaugmentation in landfill leachate treatment to enhance CH4 production and micropollutant biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khathapon Pinpatthanapong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand
| | - Pornpan Panichnumsin
- Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chantaraporn Phalakornkule
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok 10800, Thailand; Research Center for Circular Products and Energy, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - Songkeart Phattarapattamawong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Chairat Treesubsuntorn
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand; Remediation Laboratory, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Nimaradee Boonapatcharoen
- Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Ketbuppha
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Phanwilai
- Department of Knowledge of The Land for Sustainable, School of Integrated Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Jarungwit Boonnorat
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand.
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Ardhan N, Nuchdang S, Tontisirin S, Phalakornkule C. Evidence of loss of N 2/O 2 adsorption selectivity of Li zeolite due to ion exchange between sodium and lithium cations. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2022.2062332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaphon Ardhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Center for Circular Products and Energy, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sasikarn Nuchdang
- Research and Development Division, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology, Phathumtani, Thailand
| | - Supak Tontisirin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chantaraporn Phalakornkule
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Center for Circular Products and Energy, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
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6
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Tontisirin S, Phalakornkule C, Sa-ngawong W, Sirisawat S. Magnetic Induction Assisted Heating Technique in Hydrothermal Zeolite Synthesis. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15020689. [PMID: 35057404 PMCID: PMC8779854 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The magnetic induction assisted technique is an alternative heating method for hydrothermal zeolite synthesis with a higher heat-transfer rate than that of the conventional convection oil bath technique. The research demonstrates, for the first time, the application of the magnetic induction heating technique with direct surface contact for zeolite synthesis. The magnetic induction enables direct contact between the heat source and the reactor, thereby bypassing the resistance of the heating medium layer. A comparative heat-transfer analysis between the two methods shows the higher heat-transfer rate by the magnetic induction heating technique is due to (1) eight-time higher overall heat-transfer coefficient, attributed to the absence of the resistance of the heating medium layer and (2) the higher temperature difference between the heating source and the zeolite gel. Thereby, this heating technique shows promise for application in the large-scale synthesis of zeolites due to its associated efficient heat transfer. Thus, it can provide more flexibility to the synthesis method under the non-stirred condition, which can create possibilities for the successful large-scale synthesis of a broad range of zeolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supak Tontisirin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand; (C.P.); (W.S.-n.); (S.S.)
- Center of Eco-Materials and Cleaner Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2-555-2000 (ext. 8257 or 8230)
| | - Chantaraporn Phalakornkule
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand; (C.P.); (W.S.-n.); (S.S.)
| | - Worawat Sa-ngawong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand; (C.P.); (W.S.-n.); (S.S.)
| | - Supachai Sirisawat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand; (C.P.); (W.S.-n.); (S.S.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantaraporn Phalakornkule
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
- The Research Center for Renewable Energy and Product, Science and Technology Research Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanakamol Suandokmai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sivinee Petchakan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
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8
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Nuchdang S, Frigon JC, Roy C, Pilon G, Phalakornkule C, Guiot SR. Hydrothermal post-treatment of digestate to maximize the methane yield from the anaerobic digestion of microalgae. Waste Manag 2018; 71:683-688. [PMID: 28655465 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As an alternative to applying the hydrothermal treatment to the raw algal feedstock before the anaerobic digestion (i.e. pre-treatment), one considered a post-treatment scenario where anaerobic digestion is directly used as the primary treatment while the hydrothermal treatment is thereafter applied to the digestate. Hydrothermal treatments such as wet oxidation (WetOx) and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) were compared at a temperature of 200°C, for initial pressure of 0.1 and 0.82MPa, and no holding time after the process had reached the temperature setpoint. Both WetOx and HTC resulted in a substantial solids conversion (47-62% with HTC, 64-83% with WetOx, both at 0.82MPa) into soluble products, while some total chemical oxygen demand-based carbon loss from the solid-liquid phases was observed (20-39%). This generated high soluble products concentrations (from 6.2 to 10.9g soluble chemical oxygen demand/L). Biomethane potential tests showed that these hydrothermal treatments allowed for a 4-fold improvement of the digestate anaerobic biodegradability. The hydrothermal treatments increased the methane yield to about 200 LSTP CH4/kg volatile solids, when related to the untreated digestate, compared to 66 LSTP CH4/kg volatile solids, without treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nuchdang
- The Research and Technology Center for Renewable Products and Energy, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - J-C Frigon
- Anaerobic technologies and bioprocess control Group, Energy, Mining and Environment Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - C Roy
- Anaerobic technologies and bioprocess control Group, Energy, Mining and Environment Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - G Pilon
- Anaerobic technologies and bioprocess control Group, Energy, Mining and Environment Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - C Phalakornkule
- The Research and Technology Center for Renewable Products and Energy, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S R Guiot
- Anaerobic technologies and bioprocess control Group, Energy, Mining and Environment Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Canada.
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Phalakornkule C, Luanwuthi T, Neragae P, Moore EJ. A continuous-flow sparged packed-bed electrocoagulator for dye decolorization. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Nuchdang S, Khemkhao M, Techkarnjanaruk S, Phalakornkule C. Comparative biochemical methane potential of paragrass using an unacclimated and an acclimated microbial consortium. Bioresour Technol 2015; 183:111-119. [PMID: 25727758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of inoculum sources on the anaerobic digestion of paragrass was investigated. Two types of sludge were used as the inoculums: an anaerobic sludge obtained from a domestic wastewater treatment plant (OS) and a sludge acclimated to fibrous substrates in raw palm oil mill effluent (AMC). Microbial activity assays showed that the AMC had hydrolytic and acetogenic activities two times greater than the activities of the OS. In addition, the production of methane from acetate by the AMC occurred without a lag phase, while it took 8 days for the OS to start producing methane from the same substrate. The biochemical methane potential after 80 days digestion was 316 ml STP/g VS(added) using the AMC, and 277 ml STP/g VS(added) using the OS. The methane potential of the paragrass was estimated to be 3337 Nm(3) CH4/ha a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasikarn Nuchdang
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; The Research and Technology Center for Renewable Products and Energy, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - Maneerat Khemkhao
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; The Research and Technology Center for Renewable Products and Energy, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | | | - Chantaraporn Phalakornkule
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; The Research and Technology Center for Renewable Products and Energy, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand.
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11
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Ardhan N, Ruttithiwapanich T, Songkasiri W, Phalakornkule C. Comparison of performance of continuous-flow and batch electrocoagulators: A case study for eliminating reactive blue 21 using iron electrodes. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Khemkhao M, Techkarnjanaruk S, Phalakornkule C. Simultaneous treatment of raw palm oil mill effluent and biodegradation of palm fiber in a high-rate CSTR. Bioresour Technol 2015; 177:17-27. [PMID: 25479389 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A high-rate continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) was used to produce biogas from raw palm oil mill effluent (POME) at 55°C at a highest organic loading rate (OLR) of 19 g COD/ld. Physical and chemical pretreatments were not performed on the raw POME. In order to promote retention of suspended solids, the CSTR was installed with a deflector at its upper section. The average methane yield was 0.27 l/g COD, and the biogas production rate per reactor volume was 6.23 l/l d, and the tCOD removal efficiency was 82%. The hydrolysis rate of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin was 6.7, 3.0 and 1.9 g/d, respectively. The results of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) suggested that the dominant hydrolytic bacteria responsible for the biodegradation of the palm fiber and residual oil were Clostridium sp., while the dominant methanogens were Methanothermobacter sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneerat Khemkhao
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | | | - Chantaraporn Phalakornkule
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; Department of Chemical Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand; Research and Technology Center for Renewable Products and Energy, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand.
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13
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Laothanachareon T, Kanchanasuta S, Mhuanthong W, Phalakornkule C, Pisutpaisal N, Champreda V. Analysis of microbial community adaptation in mesophilic hydrogen fermentation from food waste by tagged 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. J Environ Manage 2014; 144:143-151. [PMID: 24945701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dark fermentation is an attractive process for generation of biohydrogen, which involves complex microbial processes on decomposition of organic wastes and subsequent conversion of metabolic intermediates to hydrogen. The microbes present in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor for waste water treatment were tested for application in batch dark fermentation of food waste at varying ratios of feedstock to heat-treated microbial inoculum (F/M) of 1-8 (g TVS/g TVS). Biohydrogen yields between 0.39 and 2.68 mol H2/mol hexose were obtained, indicating that the yields were highly dependent on the starting F/M ratio. The highest H2 purity of 66% was obtained from the first 8 h of fermentation at the F/M ratio of 2, whereas the highest H2 production was obtained after 35 h of fermentation at the F/M ratio of 5. Tagged 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing showed that the seed culture comprised largely of uncultured bacteria with various Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes, while the starting food waste contained mainly lactic acid bacteria. Enrichment of Firmicutes, particularly Clostridia and lactic acid bacteria occurred within 8 h of the dark fermentation and the H2 producing microcosm at 35 h was dominated >80% by Clostridium spp. The major H2 producer was identified as a Clostridial strain related to Clostridium frigidicarnis. This work demonstrated the adaption of the microbial community during the dark fermentation of complex food waste and revealed the major roles of Clostridia in both substrate degradation and biohydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanaporn Laothanachareon
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Bioresources Technology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Suwimon Kanchanasuta
- The Joint Graduate School for Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Wuttichai Mhuanthong
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Bioresources Technology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chantaraporn Phalakornkule
- The Joint Graduate School for Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; Department of Chemical Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand; The Research and Technology Center for Renewable Products and Energy, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - Nipon Pisutpaisal
- The Joint Graduate School for Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; The Research and Technology Center for Renewable Products and Energy, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand; Department of Agro-Industrial, Food, and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand; The Biosensor and Bioelectronics Technology Centre, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand.
| | - Verawat Champreda
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Bioresources Technology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
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Khemkhao M, Nuntakumjorn B, Techkarnjanaruk S, Phalakornkule C. UASB performance and microbial adaptation during a transition from mesophilic to thermophilic treatment of palm oil mill effluent. J Environ Manage 2012; 103:74-82. [PMID: 22466006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) by an upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) at organic loading rates (OLR) between 2.2 and 9.5 g COD l(-1) day(-1) was achieved by acclimatizing the mesophilic (37 °C) microbial seed to the thermophilic temperature (57 °C) by a series of stepwise temperature shifts. The UASB produced up to 13.2 l biogas d(-1) with methane content on an average of 76%. The COD removal efficiency ranged between 76 and 86%. Microbial diversity of granules from the UASB reactor was also investigated. The PCR-based DGGE analysis showed that the bacterial population profiles significantly changed with the temperature transition from mesophilic to thermophilic conditions. In addition, the results suggested that even though the thermophilic temperature of 57 °C was suitable for a number of hydrolytic, acidogenic and acetogenic bacteria, it may not be suitable for some Methanosaeta species acclimatized from 37 °C. Specifically, the bands associated with Methanosaeta thermophila PT and Methanosaeta harundinacea can be detected during the four consecutive operation phases of 37 °C, 42 °C, 47 °C and 52 °C, but their corresponding bands were found to fade out at 57 °C. The DGGE analysis predicted that the temperature transition can result in significant methanogenic biomass washout at 57 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneerat Khemkhao
- Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
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15
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Khemkhao M, Nuntakumjorn B, Techkarnjanaruk S, Phalakornkule C. Comparative mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket. Water Environ Res 2012; 84:577-587. [PMID: 22876480 DOI: 10.2175/106143012x13378023685637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of organic loading rate and operating temperature on the microbial diversity and performances of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors treating palm oil mill effluent (POME) were investigated. The following two UASB reactors were run in parallel for comparison: (1) under a mesophilic condition (37 degrees C) and (2) under a mesophilic condition in transition to a thermophilic condition (57 degrees C). A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis showed that the microbial population profiles significantly changed with the organic loading rate (OLR) and the temperature transition from the mesophilic to the thermophilic condition. Significant biomass washout was observed for the mesophilic UASB when operating at a high organic loading rate (OLR) of 9.5 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L.d. In contrast, the thermophilic UASB can be operated at this OLR and at a temperature of 57 degrees C with satisfactory COD removal and biogas production. The PCR-based DGGE analysis suggested that the thermophilic temperature of 57 degrees C was suitable for a number of hydrolytic, acidogenic, and acetogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneerat Khemkhao
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, Department of Chemical Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
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16
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Nuchdang S, Phalakornkule C. Anaerobic digestion of glycerol and co-digestion of glycerol and pig manure. J Environ Manage 2012; 101:164-172. [PMID: 22417895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The potential of glycerol obtained from transesterification of waste cooking oil as a main carbon source for biogas production was investigated. The glycerol was highly contaminated with oils and fats and was pretreated with sulfuric acid. Using a carbon source of glucose as a control, we compared biogas production from the acid-treated glycerol in a synthetic medium and the acid-treated glycerol mixed with pig manure. The anaerobic digestion of acid-treated glycerol with supplement in a synthetic medium was found to be satisfactory at organic loading rates (OLR) between 1.3, 1.6 and 2.6 g chemical oxygen demand (COD) L(-1) d(-1). The maximum methane yield of 0.32 L at Standard temperature and pressure (STP) g(-1) COD removal was achieved at an OLR of 1.6 g COD L(-1) d(-1) and the methane content was 54% on an average. At a higher organic loading rate of 5.4 g COD L(-1) d(-1), the propionic acid to acetic acid ratio was higher than the critical threshold limit for metabolic imbalance. Anaerobic digestion of acid-treated glycerol with pig manure was also investigated at the COD ratio of 80:20 (glycerol:pig manure). The anaerobic digestion of acid-treated glycerol with pig manure was found to be satisfactory at organic loading rates between 1.3, 1.7, 2.9 and 5.0 g COD L(-1) d(-1) in terms of COD reduction (>80%) and methane content of (62% on an average). However, the biogas production rate was found to significantly decrease at the highest load. The maximum methane yield of 0.24 L STP g(-1) COD removal was achieved at an OLR of 1.3 g COD L(-1) d(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasikarn Nuchdang
- The Research and Technology Center for Renewable Products and Energy, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
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17
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Khemkhao M, Nuntakumjorn B, Techkarnjanaruk S, Phalakornkule C. Effect of chitosan on UASB treating POME during a transition from mesophilic to thermophilic conditions. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:4674-4681. [PMID: 21316949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effects of chitosan addition on treatment of palm oil mill effluent were investigated using two lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors: (1) with chitosan addition at the dosage of 2 mg chitosan per g volatile suspended solids on the first day of the operation (R1), (2) without chitosan addition (the control, R2). The reactors were inoculated with mesophilic anaerobic sludge which was acclimatized to a thermophilic condition with a stepwise temperature increase of 5 °C from 37 to 57 °C. The OLR ranged from 2.23 to 9.47 kg COD m(-3) day(-1). The difference in biogas production rate increased from non-significant to 18% different. The effluent volatile suspended solids of R1 was 65 mg l(-1) lower than that of R2 on Day 123. 16S rRNA targeted denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprints of microbial community indicated that some methanogens in the genus Methanosaeta can be detected in R1 but not in R2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneerat Khemkhao
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
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18
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Ngarmkam W, Sirisathitkul C, Phalakornkule C. Magnetic composite prepared from palm shell-based carbon and application for recovery of residual oil from POME. J Environ Manage 2011; 92:472-479. [PMID: 20932635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 08/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic separation combined with adsorption by activated carbon has been found to be a useful method for removing pollutants. In this paper, the use of palm shell as a source of activated carbon for the removal and recovery of oil from palm oil mill effluent (POME) is studied. In the first part of the study, the properties of samples of activated carbon prepared from palm shell under a variety of different conditions were characterized for their hydrophobicity, surface areas and pore size distribution. The most effective of the activated carbon samples was prepared by impregnation with ZnCl(2) followed by combined physical/chemical activation under carbon dioxide flow at 800 °C. Four grams of these samples adsorbed 90% of the oil from 50 mL POME. In the second part, the palm shell-based carbon samples were given magnetic properties by the technique of iron oxide deposition. Ninety-four percent of the activated carbon/iron oxide composite containing the adsorbed oil could be extracted from the POME by a magnetic bar of 0.15 T. Four grams of the composite can remove 85% of oil from 50 mL POME and a total of 67% of the initial oil can then be recovered by hexane extraction. Powder X-ray diffractometry showed the presence of magnetite and maghemite in the activated carbon/iron oxide composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worawan Ngarmkam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
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19
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Phalakornkule C, Karakat B, Nuyut T, Ruttithiwapanich T. Investigation of electrochemical variables and performance of a continuous upflow electrocoagulation process in the treatment of Reactive Blue 140. Water Environ Res 2010; 82:2325-2332. [PMID: 21214026 DOI: 10.2175/106143010x12681059116815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study presents an investigation of electrochemical variables in the operation of a continuous upflow electrocoagulation process in treating textile wastewater. Reactive Blue 140, which is porphyrin-based, was used as a representative dye in the experiments. The optimal values of the design and operating parameters were found, from a batch mode, to be the following: iron anode, distance between electrodes of 8 mm, current density of at least 30 A/m2, and contact time of at least 5 minutes. These optimal values were used to design a continuous upflow electrocoagulation reactor. The pattern of liquid flow within the upflow reactor was studied using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program, which simulated the flow behavior inside the reactor using the finite volume method. For optimal parameter values, the water passing the electrode plates had a uniform distribution, and the reactor performance was satisfactory, with >90% color removal and energy consumption of approximately 1.4 kWh/m3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantaraporn Phalakornkule
- The Research and Technology Center for Renewable Products and Energy, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangsue, Bangkok, Thailand.
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20
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Phalakornkule C, Polgumhang S, Tongdaung W, Karakat B, Nuyut T. Electrocoagulation of blue reactive, red disperse and mixed dyes, and application in treating textile effluent. J Environ Manage 2010; 91:918-926. [PMID: 20042267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Revised: 11/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the efficiency of electrocoagulation in removing color from synthetic and real textile wastewater. Two representative dye molecules were selected for the synthetic dye wastewater: a blue reactive dye (Reactive Blue 140) and a disperse dye (Disperse Red 1). The electrochemical technique showed satisfactory color removal efficiency and reliable performance in treating both individual and mixed dye types. The removal efficiency and energy consumption data showed that, for a given current density, iron was superior to aluminum in treating both the reactive dye and the disperse dye. With an initial dye concentration of 100 mg L(-1), the energy cost in achieving >95% color removal was on the order of 1 kWh m(-3) for both dyes. The effect of changing the initial pH of the samples on the removal efficiency and energy consumption was also studied. It was found that the design parameters used for the synthetic wastewater were less effective for treatment of real textile wastewater, with 1 in 5 tests on real wastewater failing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantaraporn Phalakornkule
- The Research and Technology Center for Renewable Products and Energy, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand.
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22
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Kiattipanich N, Kreua-ongarjnukool N, Pongpayoon T, Phalakornkule C. PROPERTIES OF POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES REINFORCED WITH STEARIC ACID TREATED SUGARCANE FIBER. Journal of Polymer Engineering 2007. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng.2007.27.6-7.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Chitosan, with a degree of deacetylation of 85% and a molecular weight of 2.5 x 10(5) Da, yielding high flocculation efficiency (85 to 100% flocculation) and a broad flocculation region (2 to 45 mg/g suspended solids), was selected for accelerating granulation in a 30-L upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) used to treat wastewater from a tropical fruit-processing industry. Compared with other studies, smaller amounts of chitosan were applied (two injections with 2 mg chitosan/g suspended solids in the reactor at each injection). Comparison with the UASB without chitosan addition, the UASB had a 24 to 37% larger particle size and a 6 to 41% longer solids retention time. In addition, the reactor performances were also enhanced. The UASB with chitosan addition had a 9 to 59% lower effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD), 4 to 10% higher COD removal, up to 35% higher biogas production rate, and a 16 to 68% lower biomass washout. The paired t-test analysis indicated that these performance parameters were significantly different (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sittpong Lertsittichai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology, North Bangkok, Thailand
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24
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Wongnoi R, Songkasiri W, Phalakornkule C. Influence of a three-phase separator configuration on the performance of an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor treating wastewater from a fruit-canning factory. Water Environ Res 2007; 79:199-207. [PMID: 17370846 DOI: 10.2175/106143006x111790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of a three-phase separator configuration on the performance of an upflow anaerobic sludge bed (USAB) treating wastewater from a fruit canning factory. The performances of two 30-L UASB reactors--one with a modified three-phase separator giving a spiral flow pattern and the other with a conventional configuration-were investigated in parallel. Wastewater, with a chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration between 2000 and 7000 mg/L, was obtained from a fruit-canning factory. Based on the effluent data of the first 100 operation days, the UASB with the three-phase separator giving spiral flow patterns yielded up to 25% lower biomass washout. It also showed better efficiencies in treating wastewater--up to 60% lower effluent COD, up to 20% higher COD percent removal, and up to 29% higher biogas production. This work presents evidence of an improvement on the conventional physical design of a UASB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachbordin Wongnoi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand
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25
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Tupkanjana P, Phalakornkule C. Development of Activated Carbons from Sunflower Seed Husk for Metal Adsorption. J Chem Eng Japan / JCEJ 2007. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.40.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prapin Tupkanjana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology North Bangkok
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26
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Kaseamchochoung C, Lertsutthiwong P, Phalakornkule C. Influence of chitosan characteristics and environmental conditions on flocculation of anaerobic sludge. Water Environ Res 2006; 78:2210-6. [PMID: 17120440 DOI: 10.2175/106143005x72830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of chitosan characteristics (i.e., degree of deacetylation [DD] and molecular weight) and environmental conditions (i.e., ionic strength and pH) on the flocculation of anaerobic sludge were investigated. The results showed that chitosan enhanced the flocculation of sludge, and the flocculation efficiency depended on both the degree of deacetylation and molecular weight. Chitosan with 85%DD was more effective than that with 70%DD, as the former required a lower dose to obtain 90% flocculation at all studied pH values. In addition, low molecular weight chitosan enhanced the flocculation better than high molecular weight chitosan. The increase in ionic strength (up to 0.1 M) of the suspension helped reduce restabilization that occurred when chitosan was overdosed. In general, chitosan has potential to be used as an effective cationic bioflocculant, which is able to function either in acidic or neutral conditions, and very small amounts of chitosan (less than 4 mg/g dried sludge) are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chudapak Kaseamchochoung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand.
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Zhu T, Phalakornkule C, Ghosh S, Grossmann IE, Koepsel RR, Ataai MM, Domach MM. A metabolic network analysis & NMR experiment design tool with user interface-driven model construction for depth-first search analysis. Metab Eng 2003; 5:74-85. [PMID: 12850130 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-7176(03)00023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A Windows program for metabolic engineering analysis and experimental design has been developed. A graphical user interface enables the pictorial, "on-screen" construction of a metabolic network. Once a model is composed, balance equations are automatically generated. Model construction, modification and information exchange between different users is thus considerably simplified. For a given model, the program can then be used to predict all the extreme point flux distributions that optimize an objective function while satisfying balances and constraints by using a depth-first search strategy. One can also find the minimum reaction set that satisfies different conditions. Based on the identified flux distributions or linear combinations, the user can simulate the NMR and GC/MS spectra of selected signal molecules. Alternately, spectra vectorization allows for the automated optimization of labeling experiments that are intended to distinguish between different, yet plausible flux extreme point distributions. The example provided entails predicting the flux distributions associated with deleting pyruvate kinase and designing 13C NMR experiments that can maximally discriminate between the flux distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Pittsburgh, USA
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Abstract
In this paper, we report on the analysis of acid formation in an E. coli pyk mutant. The results demonstrate that acid formation is insignificant for both the wild-type and the mutant at low glucose concentrations. However, at relatively high glucose concentrations, acid formation remains very low for the mutant but is significant for the wild-type. This substantial reduction in acids is accompanied by an increase in CO(2) production. Moreover, unlike the B. subtilis pyk mutant, the E. coli pyk mutant did not show a substantial increase in the PEP pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, USA
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Phalakornkule C, Lee S, Zhu T, Koepsel R, Ataai MM, Grossmann IE, Domach MM. A MILP-based flux alternative generation and NMR experimental design strategy for metabolic engineering. Metab Eng 2001; 3:124-37. [PMID: 11289789 DOI: 10.1006/mben.2000.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A mixed-integer linear program (MILP) is described that can enumerate all the ways fluxes can distribute in a metabolic network while still satisfying the same constraints and objective function. The multiple solutions can be used to (1) generate alternative flux scenarios that can account for limited experimental observations, (2) forecast the potential responses to mutation (e.g., new reaction pathways may be used), and (3) (as illustrated) design (13)C NMR experiments such that different potential flux patterns in a mutant can be distinguished. The experimental design is enabled by using the MILP results as an input to an isotopomer mapping matrices (IMM)-based program, which accounts for the network circulation of (13)C from a precursor such as glucose. The IMM-based program can interface to common plotting programs with the result that the user is provided with predicted NMR spectra that are complete with splittings and Lorentzian line-shape features. The example considered is the trafficking of carbon in an Escherichia coli mutant, which has pyruvate kinase activity deleted for the purpose of eliminating acetate production. Similar yields and extracellular measurements would be manifested by the flux alternatives. The MILP-IMM results suggest how NMR experiments can be designed such that the spectra of glutamate for two flux distribution scenarios differ significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Phalakornkule
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Fry B, Zhu T, Domach MM, Koepsel RR, Phalakornkule C, Ataai MM. Characterization of growth and acid formation in a Bacillus subtilis pyruvate kinase mutant. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66:4045-9. [PMID: 10966427 PMCID: PMC92257 DOI: 10.1128/aem.66.9.4045-4049.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on measurements and theoretical analyses, we identified deletion of pyruvate kinase (PYK) activity as a possible route for elimination of acid formation in Bacillus subtilis cultures grown on glucose minimal media. Evidence consistent with the attenuation of PYK flux has come from metabolic flux calculations, metabolic pool and enzymatic activity measurements, and a series of nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, all suggesting a nearly complete inhibition of PYK activity for glucose-citrate fed cultures in which the amount of acid formation was nearly zero. In this paper, we report the construction and characterization of a pyk mutant of B. subtilis. Our results demonstrate an almost complete elimination of acid production in cultures of the pyk mutant in glucose minimal medium. The substantial reduction in acid production is accompanied by increased CO(2) production and a reduced rate of growth. Metabolic analysis indicated a dramatic increase in intracellular pools of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and glucose-6-P in the pyk mutant. The high concentrations of PEP and glucose-6-P could explain the decreased growth rate of the mutant. The substantial accumulation of PEP does not occur in Escherichia coli pyk mutants. The very high concentration of PEP which accumulates in the B. subtilis pyk mutant could be exploited for production of various aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, USA
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Phalakornkule C, Fry B, Zhu T, Kopesel R, Ataai MM, Domach MM. 13C NMR evidence for pyruvate kinase flux attenuation underlying suppressed acid formation in Bacillus subtilis. Biotechnol Prog 2000; 16:169-75. [PMID: 10753441 DOI: 10.1021/bp000007k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
When batch and continuous Bacillus subtilis cultures are provided with a small amount of citrate, acid production ceases, carbon yield increases by more than 2-fold, and the productivity of recombinant protein increases. It has been hypothesized that pyruvate kinase activity is attenuated, which in turn lowers glucose flux and minimizes the acid overflow prompted by low Krebs cycle capacity. To complement existing enzyme activity, linear programming, and metabolite pool studies, (13)C NMR studies were performed. Atom mapping and isotopomer mapping matrix methods were used to select the best glucose label. "Best" was defined such that the NMR spectra of glutamate associated with metabolizing labeled glucose via the different candidate metabolic trafficking scenarios would differ considerably in fine structure (e.g., relative singlet intensities). When experiments were performed with 1-(13)C glucose, the observed NMR spectra corresponded well to the one predicted to arise when the metabolic trafficking occurs according to a pyruvate kinase attenuation scenario. This evidence further fortifies the prospects for successfully basing a metabolic engineering strategy on reducing pyruvate kinase activity to better match glycolytic and Krebs cycle capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Phalakornkule
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology & Health Engineering Program, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, USA
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