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Aryanti PTP, Nugroho FA, Anwar N, Rusgiyarto F, Phalakornkule C, Kadier A. Integrated bipolar electrocoagulation and PVC-based ultrafiltration membrane process for palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment. Chemosphere 2024; 347:140637. [PMID: 37952820 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effectiveness of integrating electrocoagulation (EC) and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes for palm oil mill effluent (POME) wastewater treatment was investigated. The impact of various parameters on contaminant removal efficiency, including electrode configuration (monopolar and bipolar), number of anodes, agitation rate, and current density, was studied. The findings demonstrated that using bipolar (BP) electrodes in the EC reactor improved coagulation efficiency. However, an increase in agitation rate led to a decrease in removal efficiency. The electrode configuration of 2A-2C-2B achieved high contaminant removal with a lower electrode consumption compared to the 4A-2C and 4A-2C-2B configurations. The removal efficiencies for total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biological oxygen demand (BOD) were 59.1%, 99.9%, 96.8%, and 96%, respectively. The operating cost for the electrode configuration of 2A-2C-2B was estimated to be 2.71 US$ m-3 at an effluent capacity of 50 m3 d-1 and 20 h d-1 of operating time, while the energy requirement was 6.20 kWh m-3. An increase in operating time from 5 to 24 h d-1 raised the specific operating cost from 2.17 to 2.85 US$ m-3. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing EC and UF processes for POME wastewater treatment, which could have significant implications for sustainable industrial practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putu Teta Prihartini Aryanti
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Jl. Terusan Jenderal Sudirman, Cimahi, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Febrianto Adi Nugroho
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Jl. Terusan Jenderal Sudirman, Cimahi, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nadiem Anwar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Jl. Terusan Jenderal Sudirman, Cimahi, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ferry Rusgiyarto
- Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Jl. Terusan Jenderal Sudirman, Cimahi, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Chantaraporn Phalakornkule
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand; Research Center for Circular Products and Energy, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Abudukeremu Kadier
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Shang R, Verliefde ARD, Hu J, Zeng Z, Lu J, Kemperman AJB, Deng H, Nijmeijer K, Heijman SGJ, Rietveld LC. Tight ceramic UF membrane as RO pre-treatment: the role of electrostatic interactions on phosphate rejection. Water Res 2014; 48:498-507. [PMID: 24156950 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate limitation has been reported as an effective approach to inhibit biofouling in reverse osmosis (RO) systems for water purification. The rejection of dissolved phosphate by negatively charged TiO2 tight ultrafiltration (UF) membranes (1 kDa and 3 kDa) was observed. These membranes can potentially be adopted as an effective process for RO pre-treatment in order to constrain biofouling by phosphate limitation. This paper focuses on electrostatic interactions during tight UF filtration. Despite the larger pore size, the 3 kDa ceramic membrane exhibited greater phosphate rejection than the 1 kDa membrane, because the 3 kDa membrane has a greater negative surface charge and thus greater electrostatic repulsion against phosphate. The increase of pH from 6 to 8.5 led to a substantial increase in phosphate rejection by both membranes due to increased electrostatic repulsion. At pH 8.5, the maximum phosphate rejections achieved by the 1 kDa and 3 kDa membrane were 75% and 86%, respectively. A Debye ratio (ratio of the Debye length to the pore radius) is introduced in order to evaluate double layer overlapping in tight UF membranes. Threshold Debye ratios were determined as 2 and 1 for the 1 kDa and 3 kDa membranes, respectively. A Debye ratio below the threshold Debye ratio leads to dramatically decreased phosphate rejection by tight UF membranes. The phosphate rejection by the tight UF, in combination with chemical phosphate removal by coagulation, might accomplish phosphate-limited conditions for biological growth and thus prevent biofouling in the RO systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Shang
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands.
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