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Yang X, Wang S, Pi K, Ge H, Zhang S, Gerson AR. Coagulation as an effective method for cyanobacterial bloom control: A review. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2024; 96:e11002. [PMID: 38403998 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Eutrophication, the over-enrichment with nutrients, for example, nitrogen and phosphorus, of ponds, reservoirs and lakes, is an urgent water quality issue. The most notorious symptom of eutrophication is a massive proliferation of cyanobacteria, which cause aquatic organism death, impair ecosystem and harm human health. The method considered to be most effective to counteract eutrophication is to reduce external nutrient inputs. However, merely controlling external nutrient load is insufficient to mitigate eutrophication. Consequently, a rapid diminishing of cyanobacterial blooms is relied on in-lake intervention, which may encompass a great variety of different approaches. Coagulation/flocculation is the most used and important water purification unit. Since cyanobacterial cells generally carry negative charges, coagulants are added to water to neutralize the negative charges on the surface of cyanobacteria, causing them to destabilize and precipitate. Most of cyanobacteria and their metabolites can be removed simultaneously. However, when cyanobacterial density is high, sticky secretions distribute outside cells because of the small size of cyanobacteria. The sticky secretions are easily to form complex colloids with coagulants, making it difficult for cyanobacteria to destabilize and resulting in unsatisfactory treatment effects of coagulation on cyanobacteria. Therefore, various coagulants and coagulation methods were developed. In this paper, the focus is on the coagulation of cyanobacteria as a promising tool to manage eutrophication. Basic principles, applications, pros and cons of chemical, physical and biological coagulation are reviewed. In addition, the application of coagulation in water treatment is discussed. It is the aim of this review article to provide a significant reference for large-scale governance of cyanobacterial blooms. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Flocculation was a promising tool for controlling cyanobacteria blooms. Basic principles of four kinds of flocculation methods were elucidated. Flocculant was important in the flocculation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Yang
- Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shulian Wang
- Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kewu Pi
- Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Technology and Equipment for Water Environment Pollution Monitoring, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmei Ge
- Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Andrea R Gerson
- Blue Minerals Consultancy, Wattle Grove, Tasmania, Australia
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Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Based Ferro-Nanofluids for Advanced Technological Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227931. [PMID: 36432031 PMCID: PMC9698664 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticle (ION)-based ferro-nanofluids (FNs) have been used for different technological applications owing to their excellent magneto-rheological properties. A comprehensive overview of the current advancement of FNs based on IONs for various engineering applications is unquestionably necessary. Hence, in this review article, various important advanced technological applications of ION-based FNs concerning different engineering fields are critically summarized. The chemical engineering applications are mainly focused on mass transfer processes. Similarly, the electrical and electronics engineering applications are mainly focused on magnetic field sensors, FN-based temperature sensors and tilt sensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and on-chip components, actuators, and cooling for electronic devices and photovoltaic thermal systems. On the other hand, environmental engineering applications encompass water and air purification. Moreover, mechanical engineering or magneto-rheological applications include dampers and sealings. This review article provides up-to-date information related to the technological advancements and emerging trends in ION-based FN research concerning various engineering fields, as well as discusses the challenges and future perspectives.
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Xu M, Luo Y, Wang X, Zhou L. Coagulation-ultrafiltration efficiency of polymeric Al-, Fe-, and Ti- coagulant with or without polyacrylamide composition. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Zhou Y, Zheng H, Wang Y, Zhao R, Liu H, Ding W, An Y. Enhanced municipal sludge dewaterability using an amphiphilic microblocked cationic polyacrylamide synthesized through ultrasonic-initiation: Copolymerization and flocculation mechanisms. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Huang X, Wan Y, Shi B, Shi J. Effects of powdered activated carbon on the coagulation-flocculation process in humic acid and humic acid-kaolin water treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 238:124637. [PMID: 31470312 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) to remove micropollutants is a commonly used technology to improve drinking water quality. However, the effects of PAC dosing strategy on the coagulation-flocculation process of water treatment have not been well understood, especially for water with low amounts of inorganic particles. Therefore, the current research aimed to comprehensively study the effects of simultaneous addition of PAC and aluminum sulfate (AS) coagulants (denoted as PAC-AS) or adding PAC 2 h before coagulation (denoted as PAC2h-AS) on the coagulation behavior in humic acid (HA) and HA-kaolin water treatment. The results showed that the floc size, growth rate, breakage factor, and fractal dimension were all enhanced by PAC-AS and PAC2h-AS for HA but not for HA-kaolin water treatment. In HA water treatment, PAC-AS reached a larger floc size and faster growth rate, while PAC2h-AS achieved a larger floc breakage factor and fractal dimension value. For PAC2h-AS, the pre-adsorption of HA onto PAC would lower the initial particle concentration and reduce the collision probability during HA water coagulation process; thus, the DOC removal efficiency, floc size, and growth rate of PAC2h-AS were relatively smaller than those of PAC-AS. For the floc strength and floc fractal dimension, the pre-adsorption of HA onto PAC contributed to formation of stronger inter-particle bonds; thus, stronger and more compact flocs were formed by PAC2h-AS compared with those of PAC-AS. The addition of PAC had a smaller impact on the floc properties in HA-kaolin water treatment owing to its higher initial particle concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18 Shuangqing Rd, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Yang Wan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18 Shuangqing Rd, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Textiles, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18 Shuangqing Rd, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jian Shi
- School of Textiles, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China; Analysis & Testing Center, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.
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You Y, Sun X, Yang W, Dai L, He L, Wang H, Zhang J, Xiang W. A high-performance and low-cost strategy to harvest saltwater Chlorella vulgaris using cationic polyacrylamide coupled with bentonite. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hussain S, Awad J, Sarkar B, Chow CW, Duan J, van Leeuwen J. Coagulation of dissolved organic matter in surface water by novel titanium (III) chloride: Mechanistic surface chemical and spectroscopic characterisation. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Zhou Z, Ruan D, Jiang LM, Yang Y, Ge H, Wang L. Comparison on treatment strategy for chemical cleaning wastewater: Pollutants removal, process design and techno-economic analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 235:161-168. [PMID: 30682668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemical cleaning wastewater (CCW) usually consists of pickling wastewater (PW) and alkaline cleaning wastewater (ACW), and the strategy of separate treatment or combined treatment affects pollutant removal efficiency and cost. In this study, separate and combined treatment of real PW and ACW generated from an on-site cleaning campaign were investigated. A neutralization - fluoride removal - coagulation - oxidation process was constructed for PW and mixed wastewater (MW) treatment, and operational conditions of each process were optimized. The optimal mixing ratio of PW and ACW in the primary neutralization tank was 3:7, which obtained a near neutral pH, efficient chromaticity and turbidity removal and good settling performance. The neutralized MW and PW were both adjusted pH to 9.5 to precipitate metal ions as hydroxides. After fluoride precipitated as CaF2, the fluoride removal rates of MW and PW were both 99.9%, respectively, and polyaluminum chloride was dosed to improve the settleability of CaF2. Then sodium hypochlorite oxidization was employed to remove NH3-N and soluble COD. Techno-economic analysis based on pilot-scale tests showed that separate treatment of PW and ACW obtained better effluent quality than combined treatment. The total cost of combined treatment (37.44 $/m3) was greatly higher than that of separate treatment of PW and ACW (18.20 $/m3). This study proposed a cost-effective strategy for CCW treatment, and suggested that neutralization with acidic or alkaline wastewater should be systematically considered for technical and economic feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhou
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, 2588 Changyang Road, Shanghai 200090, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Danian Ruan
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, 2588 Changyang Road, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Lu-Man Jiang
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, 2588 Changyang Road, Shanghai 200090, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, 2588 Changyang Road, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Honghua Ge
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, 2588 Changyang Road, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Libing Wang
- Shanghai Ahill Chemical Products Co., Ltd, 1038 Guoshun Road, Shanghai 200090, China
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Feng L, Liu S, Zheng H, Liang J, Sun Y, Zhang S, Chen X. Using ultrasonic (US)-initiated template copolymerization for preparation of an enhanced cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) and its application in sludge dewatering. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:53-63. [PMID: 29680628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the ultrasonic (US)-initiated template copolymerization was employed to synthesize a novel cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) characterized by a microblock structure using dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (DMDAAC) and acrylamide (AM) as monomers, and sodium polyacrylate (NaPAA) as template. The polymers structure property was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that a novel cationic microblock structure was successfully synthesized in the template copolymer of DMDAAC and AM (TPADM). Meanwhile, the analysis result of association constant (MK) provided powerful support for a I Zip-up (ZIP) template polymerization mechanism and the formation of the microblock structure. The factors affecting the polymerization were investigated, including ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, monomer concentration, initiator concentration, mAM:mDMDAAC and nNaPAA:nDMDAAC. The sludge dewatering performance of the polymers was evaluated in terms of specific resistance to filtration (SRF), filter cake moisture content (FCMC), floc size (d50) and fractal dimension (Df). Flocculation mechanism was also analyzed and discussed. The sludge dewatering results revealed that the polymer with the novel microblock structure showed a more excellent flocculation performance than those with randomly distributed cationic units. A desirable flocculation performance with a SRF of 4.5 × 1012 m kg-1, FCMC of 73.1%, d50 of 439.156 µm and Df of 1.490 were obtained at pH of 7.0, dosage of 40 mg L-1 and the molecular weight of 5.0 × 106 Da. The cationic microblock extremely enhanced the polymer charge neutralization and bridging ability, thus obtaining the excellent sludge dewatering performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
| | - Huaili Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
| | - Jianjun Liang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Yongjun Sun
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Shixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
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10
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Dextran derivatives application as flocculants. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 190:162-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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11
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Wilts EM, Herzberger J, Long TE. Addressing water scarcity: cationic polyelectrolytes in water treatment and purification. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Wilts
- Department of Chemistry; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech; Blacksburg USA
| | - Jana Herzberger
- Department of Chemistry; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech; Blacksburg USA
| | - Timothy E Long
- Department of Chemistry; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech; Blacksburg USA
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12
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Xu J, Zhao Y, Gao B, Han S, Zhao Q, Liu X. The influence of algal organic matter produced by Microcystis aeruginosa on coagulation-ultrafiltration treatment of natural organic matter. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 196:418-428. [PMID: 29324383 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial bloom causes the release of algal organic matter (AOM), which inevitably affects the treatment processes of natural organic matter (NOM). This study works on treating micro-polluted surface water (SW) by emerging coagulant, namely titanium sulfate (Ti(SO4)2), followed by Low Pressure Ultrafiltration (LPUF) technology. In particular, we explored the respective influence of extracellular organic matter (EOM) and intracellular organic matter (IOM) on synergetic EOM-NOM/IOM-NOM removal, functional mechanisms and subsequent filtration performance. Results show that the IOM inclusion in surface water body facilitated synergic IOM-NOM composite pollutants removal by Ti(SO4)2, wherein loosely-aggregated flocs were produced, resulting in floc cake layer with rich porosity and permeability during LPUF. On the contrary, the surface water invaded by EOM pollutants increased Ti(SO4)2 coagulation burden, with substantially deteriorated both UV254-represented and dissolved organic matter (DOC) removal. Corresponded with the weak Ti(SO4)2 coagulation for EOM-NOM removal was the resultant serious membrane fouling during LPUF procedure, wherein dense cake layer was formed due to the compact structure of flocs. Although the IOM enhanced NOM removal with reduced Ti(SO4)2 dose and yielded mitigated membrane fouling, larger percentage of irreversible fouling was seen than NOM and EOM-NOM cases, which was most likely due to the substances with small molecular weight, such as microcystin, adhering in membrane pores. This research would provide theoretical basis for dose selection and process design during AOM-NOM water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, No.27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China; Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, No.27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Songlin Han
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, No.27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, No.27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, No.27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
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Wang X, Gan Y, Guo S, Ma X, Xu M, Zhang S. Advantages of titanium xerogel over titanium tetrachloride and polytitanium tetrachloride in coagulation: A mechanism analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 132:350-360. [PMID: 29348068 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Titanium xerogel coagulant (TXC) worked better than titanium tetrachloride (TC) and polytitanium chloride (PTC) in a wider pH/dose range for the removal of turbidity. However, the underlying mechanisms were not comprehensively understood. In this work, the better coagulation performance of TXC than TC and PTC was systematically elucidated from the following aspects: the physicochemical properties of the three coagulants, the removal of turbidity and organic matter, and the complexation reactions in coagulation. The results demonstrate that the merits of TXC were attributable to the following characteristics: (1) the higher surface charge density/total surface site concentration/isoelectric point of TXC hydrolysates, (2) the formation of TXC hydrolysates with a net-work structure, and (3) the strong binding affinity of TXC hydrolysates to organic matter caused by the bonded acetylacetone in the TXC framework. In short, the hydrolysis behavior of TXC significantly differed from both its precursor, TC, and the prehydrolyzed PTC. The difference in the hydrolysis of TXC was derived from the gelation process, which led to the polymerization of Ti in a way different from prehydrolyzation. The elucidation of the hydrolysis mechanisms is useful for the better application of Ti-based coagulants and may shed light on the preparation of other metal salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023, PR China
| | - Yonghai Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023, PR China
| | - Shang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023, PR China
| | - Xueyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023, PR China
| | - Mengshan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023, PR China
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023, PR China.
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Zhao Y, Sun Y, Gao B, Wang Y, Yang Y. Inhibition of disinfection by-product formation in silver nanoparticle-humic acid water treatment. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Effects of epichlorohydrin–dimethylamine on polytitanium chloride coagulation and membrane fouling in humic-kaolin water treatment: Dosage, dose method and solution pH. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Li X, Zheng H, Gao B, Sun Y, Tang X, Xu B. Optimized preparation of micro-block CPAM by response surface methodology and evaluation of dewatering performance. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25245a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-block cationic polyacrylamide (P(AM-MAPTAC)) was synthesized through UV-initiated template copolymerization and characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, SEM and TG/DSC analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment
- State Ministry of Education
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400045
- China
| | - Huaili Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment
- State Ministry of Education
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400045
- China
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Ji'nan 250100
- China
| | - Yongjun Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Industrial Water-Conservation & Emission Reduction
- College of Urban Construction
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Xiaomin Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Environmental New Materials
- College of Environment and Resources
- Chongqing Technology and Business University
- Chongqing 400067
- P. R. China
| | - Bincheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment
- State Ministry of Education
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400045
- China
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Li X, Zheng H, Gao B, Sun Y, Liu B, Zhao C. UV-initiated template copolymerization of AM and MAPTAC: Microblock structure, copolymerization mechanism, and flocculation performance. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 167:71-81. [PMID: 27710845 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Flocculation as the core technology of sludge pretreatment can improve the dewatering performance of sludge that enables to reduce the cost of sludge transportation and the subsequent disposal costs. Therefore, synthesis of high-efficiency and economic flocculant is remarkably desired in this field. This study presents a cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) flocculant with microblock structure synthesized through ultraviolet (UV)-initiated template copolymerization by using acrylamide (AM) and methacrylamido propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (MAPTAC) as monomers, sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) as template, and 2,2'-azobis [2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride (VA-044) as photoinitiator. The microblock structure of the CPAM was observed through nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Furthermore, thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC) analysis was used to evaluate its thermal decomposition property. The copolymerization mechanism was investigated through the determination of the binding constant MK and study on polymerization kinetics. Results showed that the copolymerization was conducted in accordance with the I (ZIP) template polymerization mechanism, and revealed the coexistence of bimolecular termination free-radical reaction and mono-radical termination in the polymerization process. Results of sludge dewatering tests indicated the superior flocculation performance of microblock flocculant than random distributed CPAM. The residual turbidity, filter cake moisture content, and specific resistance to filtration reached 9.37 NTU, 68.01%, and 6.24 (1012 m kg-1), respectively, at 40 mg L-1 of template poly(AM-MAPTAC) and pH 6.0. Furthermore, all flocculant except commercial CPAM showed a wide scope of pH application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Huaili Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yongjun Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Industrial Water-Conservation & Emission Reduction, College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Bingzhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Chuanliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
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18
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An Y, Zhou Z, Qiao W, Pan W, Chen Z. Simultaneous removal of phosphorus and dissolved organic matter from a sludge in situ reduction process effluent by coagulants. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08054a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the long solids retention time and effective sludge decay, the increase in the amount of phosphorus and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in effluents is a major obstacle to the sludge in situ reduction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying An
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University of Electric Power
- Shanghai 200090
- China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University of Electric Power
- Shanghai 200090
- China
| | - Weimin Qiao
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University of Electric Power
- Shanghai 200090
- China
| | - Wei Pan
- Shanghai Municipal Sewerage Co., Ltd
- Shanghai 200233
- China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Shanghai Municipal Sewerage Co., Ltd
- Shanghai 200233
- China
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19
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Zhou Y, Zheng H, Gao B, Gu Y, Li X, Liu B, Jiménez AM. Waste activated sludge (WAS) dewatering properties of an original hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide containing a cationic microblock structure. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02939j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical conditioning, as one of the core technologies used for the dewatering pretreatment of sludge, can efficiently improve the dewaterability of WAS and hence reduce the expense of the transportation and disposal of WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment
- State Ministry of Education
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400045
- China
| | - Huaili Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment
- State Ministry of Education
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400045
- China
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Yingpeng Gu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment
- State Ministry of Education
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400045
- China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment
- State Ministry of Education
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400045
- China
| | - Bingzhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment
- State Ministry of Education
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400045
- China
| | - Andrea Mavarro Jiménez
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment
- State Ministry of Education
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400045
- China
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20
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Wang X, Li M, Song X, Chen Z, Wu B, Zhang S. Preparation and Evaluation of Titanium-Based Xerogel as a Promising Coagulant for Water/Wastewater Treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:9619-9626. [PMID: 27529122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The nontoxicity of titanium (Ti) and the potential to produce valuable photocatalysts from the final coagulated sludge constitute the main advantages of Ti-based coagulants over conventional ones. However, the low effluent pH and the too-fast hydrolysis limit the wide application of Ti-salt coagulants. Prehydrolysis, to some extent, is helpful to improve the coagulation performance of Ti-salt coagulants. However, the prehydrolyzed polytitanium chloride (PTC) still suffers from narrow applicable dose/pH range. A novel and efficient Ti-based coagulant, denoted as titanium xerogel coagulant (TXC), was successfully prepared by the sol-gel method with TiCl4 as the precursor and acetylacetone as a modifying agent. Compared with TiCl4, a PTC, and a commercial polyferric sulfate, the resulting TXC possessed a larger floc size, better settling property, and wider applicable coagulant dose/pH range. Moreover, the effluent pH after TXC coagulation was not significantly reduced, avoiding the corrosion problem sometimes caused by the low effluent pH. TXC exhibited good coagulation performance for several real wastewaters, especially for the wastewaters of low turbidity. These results demonstrate that gelation was a more effective strategy than prehydrolysis to overcome the inherent weaknesses of Ti salts as a type of promising coagulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Minghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Bingdang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, PR China
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21
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Huang X, Gao B, Sun Y, Yue Q, Wang Y, Li Q. Effects of solution pH and synthetic method on destabilization process of polytitanium-silicate-chloride. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 311:230-236. [PMID: 26994354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Effect of solution pH on coagulation performance and flock properties of a novel inorganic polymer coagulant-polytitanium-silicate-chloride (PTSC) in humic acid-kaolin water treatment was investigated in this work. PTSC was synthesized by two approaches: composite and co-complexion, denoted as PTSCm and PTSCc respectively. The effect of the synthetic method was also considered. Results indicated that turbidity and DOM removal were improved by addition of polysilicic acid, especially under acidic condition. PTSCc achieved slightly better DOM removal than that of PTSCm. Flocks formed under acidic condition was smaller than those form under alkaline condition. In addition, flocks formed by PTSCc were larger than PTSCm flocks. Results also indicated that flock strength and recovery ability was slightly improved by the addition of PSiA. Moreover, under acidic condition, PTSC flocks had larger fractal dimension with more compact structure, especially for PTSCm flocks. In contrast, they were looser compared with PTC flock, especially for PTSCm flocks under neutral and alkaline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, Shandong, PR China
| | - Baoyu Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Yangyang Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qinyan Yue
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, Shandong, PR China
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22
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Hatamie A, Parham H, Zargar B, Heidari Z. Evaluating magnetic nano-ferrofluid as a novel coagulant for surface water treatment. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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23
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Polyacrylamide as coagulant aid with polytitanium sulfate in humic acid-kaolin water treatment: Effect of dosage and dose method. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Ghimici L. Cationic polyelectrolyte induced separation of some inorganic contaminants and their mixture (zirconium silicate, kaolin, K-feldspar, zinc oxide) as well as of the paraffin oil from water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 169:1-7. [PMID: 26716571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The flocculation efficiency of a cationic polyelectrolyte with quaternary ammonium salt groups in the backbone, namely PCA5 was evaluated on zirconium silicate (kreutzonit), kaolin, K- feldspar and zinc oxide (ZnO) suspensions prepared either with each pollutant or with their mixture. The effect of several parameters such as settling time, polymer dose and the pollutant type on the separation efficacy was evaluated and followed by optical density and zeta potential measurements. Except for ZnO, the interactions between PCA5 and suspended particles led to low residual turbidity values (around 4% for kreutzonit, 5% for kaolin and 8% for K-feldspar) as well as to the reduction of flocs settling time (from 1200 min to 30 min and 120 min in case of kaolinit and K-feldspar, respectively), that meant a high efficiency in their separation. The negative value of the zeta potential and flocs size measurements, at the optimum polymer dose, point to contribution from charge patch mechanism for the particles flocculation. A good efficiency of PCA5 in separation of paraffin oil (a minimum residual turbidity of 9.8%) has been also found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Ghimici
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
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25
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Nan J, Yao M, Chen T, Wang Z, Li Q, Zhan D. Experimental and numerical characterization of floc morphology: role of changing hydraulic retention time under flocculation mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:3596-3608. [PMID: 26490940 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5539-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The formation, breakage, and re-growth of flocs were investigated by using modified flocculation tests and numerical simulation to explore the evolution of floc morphology for different hydraulic retention times. The shorter the aggregation time was, the smaller the flocs produced for the same hydraulic conditions were. Another interesting discovery was that broken flocs that formed in shorter aggregation time had the capacity to completely recover, whereas those formed in a longer amount of time had rather worse reversibility of broken flocs. With the addition of the maximum motion step in the representative two-dimensional diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) model, there was a transition for flocs from isotropic to anisotropic as the maximum motion step increased. The strength of flocs was mainly affected by the distribution of particles near the aggregated core rather than distant particles. A simplified breakage model, which found that broken flocs provided more chances for diffused particles to access the inner parts of flocs and to be uniformly packed around the aggregated core, was first proposed. Moreover, an important result showed that the floc fragments formed with a larger value of the maximum motion step had more growing sites than did those with a smaller msa value, which was a benefit of following the re-forming procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Nan
- Skate Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meng Yao
- Skate Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Chen
- Skate Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenbei Wang
- Skate Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinggui Li
- Skate Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhan
- Skate Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
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26
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Fan W, Shang K, Shan G, Pan P. Role of salt in the aqueous two-phase copolymerization of acrylamide and cationic monomers: from screening to anion-bridging. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09732d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanism for the anions effect on the aqueous two-phase copolymerization (ATPP) of acrylamide and cationic monomers in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) aqueous solution was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Kuanxiang Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Guorong Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Pengju Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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27
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Huang X, Gao B, Zhao S, Sun S, Yue Q, Wang Y, Li Q. Application of titanium sulfate in a coagulation–ultrafiltration process: a comparison with aluminum sulfate and ferric sulfate. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05075a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the floc characteristics and membrane fouling of Al2(SO4)3 (AS), Fe2(SO4)3 (FS) and Ti(SO4)2 (TS) in a coagulation–ultrafiltration (C–UF) process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- People's Republic of China
| | - Baoyu Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shenglei Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qinyan Yue
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- People's Republic of China
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28
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Huang X, Gao B, Rong H, Yue Q, Zhang Y, Teng P. Effect of using polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride as coagulation aid on polytitanium salt coagulation performance, floc properties and sludge reuse. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Wang WF, Hu CL, Hsieh YH. Preparation of TiO<sub>2</sub> from Recycling Coagulation Sludge and Its Applicability on Photocatalytic Degradation of Dye Acid Red 27. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.14we235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Fu Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University
| | - Cheng-Ling Hu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University
| | - Yung-Hsu Hsieh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University
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30
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Shang K, Shan G, Pan P. Stabilizer-Free Aqueous Two-Phase Copolymerization of Acrylamide and Cationic Monomer: Role of Electrostatic Interactions in the Phase Separation, Colloid Morphology, and Stability. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie502388b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuanxiang Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guorong Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Pengju Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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