1
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Sun B, Liu Y, Li J, Liu C, Liu Z, Zhao X, Liu B, Hu W, Liu X. Lignin-Based Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Resin Biocomposites with Excellent Fire Resistance and Mechanical Properties. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400414. [PMID: 39038120 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Carbon fiber (CF)-reinforced epoxy resin (EP) composites are lightweight materials with excellent comprehensive performance. However, the flammability of EP and the poor interfacial bonding between CF and EP are two key disadvantages that limit their further applications. Here, a kind of water-soluble lignin-based CF sizing agent (ELBEDK) is prepared through hydrophilic modification of enzymatic lignin, which can significantly enhance the interfacial interaction between CF and EP. Additionally, a highly efficient intumescent flame retardant (LMA) is prepared. The EP, enzymatic lignin, LMA and CF sized ELBEDK are compounded to obtain the fire-safety CF reinforced composites (SCF/FEP/L). The flame retardancy of SCF/FEP/L with 7% LMA (SCF/FEP7) reached V-0 rating. Moreover, SCF/FEP/L with 7% LMA and 15% lignin (SCF/FEP7/L15) present an limiting oxygen index (LOI)of 30.2% and V-0 of UL-94. Specifically, the total smoke production and the heat release rate are 47.8% and 46.81% lower than that of SCF/EP, respectively, indicating the improved smoke suppression and flame retardancy. The IFSS and flexural strength of SCF/FEP7/L15 are improved to be 59.4 MPa and 511.1 MPa, respectively. This study presents a simple approach to fabricate low-cost high performance lignin-based flame retardant CF/EP biocomposites with wide application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benhui Sun
- College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Jingwei Li
- Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, No. 9 Zhixing East Road, Fangshan, Beijing, 102400, P. R. China
| | - Chengzhe Liu
- College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Zechi Liu
- College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Baijun Liu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wei Hu
- College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Changyuan Electronics (Dongguan) Co., Ltd., Baopi Industrial District, Fumin Industrial Park 2# Dalang, Dongguan, 523770, P. R. China
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2
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Su J, Yang Y, Wan C, Li X, Chai Y, Chai H, Yuan J, Wu Y. A Novel Flame-Retardant, Smoke-Suppressing, and Superhydrophobic Transparent Bamboo. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0317. [PMID: 38357698 PMCID: PMC10865110 DOI: 10.34133/research.0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Silica glass, known for its brittleness, weight, and non-biodegradable nature, faces challenges in finding suitable alternatives. Transparent wood, made by infusing polymers into wood, shows promise but is hindered by limited availability of wood in China and fire risks associated with its use. This study explores the potential of utilizing bamboo, which has a shorter growth cycle, as a valuable resource for developing flame-retardant, smoke-suppressing, and superhydrophobic transparent bamboo. A 3-layered flame-retardant barrier, composed of a top silane layer, an intermediate layer of SiO2 formed through hydrolysis-condensation of Na2SiO3 on the surface, and an inner layer of Na2SiO3, has been confirmed to be effective in reducing heat release, slowing flame spread, and inhibiting the release of combustible volatiles, toxic smoke, and CO. Compared to natural bamboo and other congeneric transparent products, the transparent bamboo displays remarkable superiority, with the majority of parameters being notably lower by an entire order of magnitude. It achieves a long ignition time of 116 s, low total heat release (0.7 MJ/m2), low total smoke production (0.063 m2), and low peak CO concentration (0.008 kg/kg). Moreover, when used as a substrate for perovskite solar cells, the transparent bamboo displays the potential to act as a light management layer, leading to a marked efficiency enhancement of 15.29%. The excellent features of transparent bamboo make it an enticing choice for future advancements in flame-retardant glasses and optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Su
- College of Materials Science and Engineering,
Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China
| | - Yadong Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering,
Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China
| | - Caichao Wan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering,
Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China
- Yihua Lifestyle Technology Co., Ltd., Huaidong Industrial Zone, Lianxia Town, Chenghai District, Shantou 515834, P. R. China
| | - Xingong Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering,
Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China
| | - Yaling Chai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering,
Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China
| | - Huayun Chai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering,
Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhong Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering,
Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China
| | - Yiqiang Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering,
Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China
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3
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Zhang T, Liu Y. Preparation of High-Transparency Phosphenanthrene-Based Flame Retardants and Studies of Their Flame-Retardant Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4665. [PMID: 38139917 PMCID: PMC10747229 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Transparency is an important property for polymer flame retardants, especially epoxy resin (EP) flame retardants, and flame-retardant epoxy resins that maintain a high transparency and low chromatic aberration play important roles in the optical, lighting, and energy industries. Herein, a DOPO-based flame retardant 6,6'-((sulfonylbis(4,1-phenylene))bis(oxy))bis(dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide) with a high transparency and low chromatic aberration was prepared via the classical Atherton-Todd reaction and named SBPDOPO. Its chemical structure was characterized with Fourier IR spectroscopy and NMR spectroscopy. An EP loaded with 7 wt% SBPDOPO passed the UL-94 V-0 rating with an LOI value of 32.1%, and the peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production were reduced by 34.1%, 31.6%, and 27.7%, respectively, compared with those of pure EP. In addition, the addition of SBPDOPO improved the thermal stability, residual mass, and glass transition temperature of the EP. On this basis, the EP containing 7 wt% SBPDOPO maintained a high transparency and low color aberration, with a transmittance of 94% relative to that of pure EP and a color aberration ΔE of 1.63. Finally, the flame-retardant mechanism of SBPDOPO was analyzed, which demonstrated that it exerted both gas-phase and condensed-phase flame-retardant effects, and that SBPDOPO/EP had high potential for application scenarios in which both flame retardancy and transparency are needed. SBPDOPO/EP has great potential for applications requiring both flame retardancy and transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- School of Resource & Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China;
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Resource & Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China;
- Work Safety Key Laboratory on Prevention and Control of Gas and Roof Disasters for Southern Coal Mines, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Safe Mining Techniques of Coal Mines, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
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4
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Xiang S, Tang B, Feng J, Lin X, Liu F, Yang H, Feng X, Wan C. Eco-Friendly One-Pot Supramolecular-Assembly of P-N Flame Retardant for Fire-Safe Epoxy Resin. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300358. [PMID: 37572054 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Flame retardant treatment of epoxy resins (EP) to reduce their flammability for extending their range of applications attracts considerable attention. However, the synthesis process of conventional flame retardants is complicated and involves organic hazardous solvents. Meanwhile, how to ensure both the flame-retardant and mechanical properties is a long-standing and actual difficult problem. In this work, a supramolecular flame retardant (named ATPFR) is facilely created by one-pot reaction, using cheap and accessible raw materials in an ecologically benign aqueous solvent. ATPFR is applied to improve the fire safety of EP. With only 5 wt% ATPFR addition, EP can reach the limiting oxygen index of 28.5% and the UL-94 V-0 rating with a significant "blow-out effect." The cone calorimetry test reveals that the EP thermoset with 5 wt% ATPFR has a 75.8% reduction in the peak heat release rate (p-HRR) and a 67.3% reduction in the peak smoke production rate (p-SPR), respectively, compared with the pure EP. Additionally, EP composites with the small amount of ATPFR exhibit a slight decrease and maintain good mechanical properties. Therefore, the facile synthesis and application of this supramolecular flame retardant provide a reliable way for the construction of polymer materials with environment-friendly and effective flame-retardant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Xiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Bin Tang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xiang Lin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xiaming Feng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Chaojun Wan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400044, China
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5
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Wang J, Yu S, Xiao S. Research progress of triazine flame retardants. Macromol Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-023-00157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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6
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Waldin NA, Jamain Z. The Effect of Alkyl Terminal Chain Length of Schiff-Based Cyclotriphosphazene Derivatives towards Epoxy Resins on Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061431. [PMID: 36987211 PMCID: PMC10051550 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of Schiff-based cyclotriphosphazenes with different alkyl chain length terminal ends, 4a (dodecyl) and 4b (tetradecyl), were synthesized and the structures were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and 1H, 13C, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen (CHN) elemental analysis. The flame-retardant and mechanical properties of the epoxy resin (EP) matrix were examined. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 4a (26.55%) and 4b (26.71%) revealed a good increment compared to pure EP (22.75%). The LOI results corresponded to their thermal behavior studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the char residue analyzed under field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The mechanical properties of EP showed a positive impact on tensile strength with a trend of EP < 4a < 4b. The tensile strength went from 8.06 N/mm2 (pure EP) to 14.36 and 20.37 N/mm2, indicating that the additives were compatible with epoxy resin.
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7
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Qi P, Chen F, Li Y, Jiang Y, Zhu T, Sun J, Li H, Gu X, Zhang S. Environmental benign foam finishing with a hyperbranched polyphosphonate flame retardant for polyethylene terephthalate fabric. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 317:137892. [PMID: 36657581 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It is still a big challenge for textile industry in improving fire resistance and reducing melt dripping with minimal loss on the physical properties of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics. In this work, a highly-effective hyperbranched flame retardant (DT) was first synthesized by ester exchange without using any organic solvent. Then, the DT foam was prepared and blade coated on PET fabric to improve the fire performance. The prepared PET fabric with only 2.7% weight gain of DT was self-extinguished and did not produce any molten dripping during the vertical flammable test. The peak heat release rate and total heat release of the PET fabric sample with 19.4% DT were decreased by 42.0% and 57.1%, respectively compared with that of the control PET. Besides, the as-prepared PET fabric sample showed better physical properties such as breaking strength, vapor permeability, air permeability, antistatic property, and softness than the control PET fabric sample. The DT foam finishing process did not involve any organic solvent and consumed less water and energy compared with conventional fabric treatments. It is expected that this work provides a facile and eco-friendly strategy for fabricating flame retardant PET fabric with excellent comprehensive performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, PR China
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, PR China
| | - Yuchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, PR China
| | - Yichong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, PR China
| | - Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, PR China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, PR China
| | - Hongfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, PR China.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, PR China.
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8
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Wu Y, Yang T, Cheng Y, Huang T, Yu B, Wu Q, Zhu M, Yu H. Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties of Melt-Spun PA66 Fibers Prepared by End-Group Blocking Technology. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051183. [PMID: 36904424 PMCID: PMC10007604 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Preparing flame-retardant polyamide 66 (PA66) fibers through melt spinning remains one of the biggest challenges nowadays. In this work, dipentaerythritol (Di-PE), an eco-friendly flame retardant, was blended into PA66 to prepare PA66/Di-PE composites and fibers. It was confirmed that Di-PE could significantly improve the flame-retardant properties of PA66 by blocking the terminal carboxyl groups, which was conducive to the formation of a continuous and compact char layer and the reduced production of combustible gas. The combustion results of the composites showed that the limiting oxygen index (LOI) increased from 23.5% to 29.4%, and underwriter laboratories 94 (UL-94) passed the V-0 grade. The peak of heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), and total smoke production (TSP) decreased by 47.3%, 47.8%, and 44.8%, respectively, for the PA66/6 wt% Di-PE composite compared to those recorded for pure PA66. More importantly, the PA66/Di-PE composites possessed excellent spinnability. The prepared fibers still had good mechanical properties (tensile strength: 5.7 ± 0.2 cN/dtex), while maintaining good flame-retardant properties (LOI: 28.6%). This study provides an outstanding industrial production strategy for fabricating flame-retardant PA66 plastics and fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tao Huang
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (B.Y.); (Q.W.)
| | - Bin Yu
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (B.Y.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qilin Wu
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (B.Y.); (Q.W.)
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9
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Wang K, Jiang Y, Lv C, Chi Q, Guo Y, Tang P, Pan G, Guo Q. Noncovalent self‐assembled supramolecular aggregate decorated nickel‐aluminum layered double hydroxides nanosheets for reinforcing the flame retardancy of
PLA. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunyan Wang
- Department of Materials Chemistry Huzhou University Huzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Jiang
- Department of Materials Chemistry Huzhou University Huzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Changjin Lv
- Department of Materials Chemistry Huzhou University Huzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Qianhui Chi
- Department of Materials Chemistry Huzhou University Huzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Guo
- Department of Materials Chemistry Huzhou University Huzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Peisong Tang
- Department of Materials Chemistry Huzhou University Huzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxiang Pan
- Department of Materials Chemistry Huzhou University Huzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Qipeng Guo
- Department of Materials Chemistry Huzhou University Huzhou People's Republic of China
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10
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Synthesis of DOPO-Based Phosphorus-Nitrogen Containing Hyperbranched Flame Retardant and Its Effective Application for Poly(ethylene terephthalate) via Synergistic Effect. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030662. [PMID: 36771972 PMCID: PMC9921204 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
To obtain industrialized poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) composites with highly efficient flame retardancy, a phosphorus-nitrogen (P-N) containing hyperbranched flame retardant additive was synthesized by 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phospho-phenanthrene-butyric acid (DDP) and tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC) through high temperature esterification known as hyperbranched DDP-THEIC (hbDT). The chemical structure of the synthesized hbDT was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and GPC, etc. Subsequently, hbDT/PET composites were prepared by co-blending, and the effects of hbDT on the thermal stability, flame retardancy, combustion performance, and thermal degradation behavior of PET were explored to deeply analyze its flame retardant mechanism. The test results showed that hbDT was successfully synthesized, and that hbDT maintained thermal stability well with the required processing conditions of PET as retardant additives. The flame retardant efficiency of PET was clearly improved by the addition of hbDT via the synergistic flame-retardant effect of P and N elements. When the mass fraction of flame retardant was 5%, the LOI of the hbDT/PET composite increased to 30.2%, and the vertical combustion grade reached UL-94 V-0. Compared with pure PET, great decreased total heat release (decreased by 16.3%) and peak heat release rate (decreased by 54.9%) were exhibited. Finally, the flame retardant mechanism of hbDT/PET was supposed, and it was confirmed that retardant effect happened in both the gas phase and condensed phase. This study is expected to provide a new idea for the development of low toxic, environment-friendly and highly efficient flame retardant additive for polyesters in an industry scale.
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11
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Hua Y, Chen J, Liu J, Sun J, Gu X, Jiang S, Zhang S. Fabrication of a transparent, flame retardant, and antimicrobial epoxy resin by a novel phosphorus-containing Schiff base molecule. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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12
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Liang F, Xu Y, Chen S, Zhu Y, Huang Y, Fei B, Guo W. Fabrication of Highly Efficient Flame-Retardant and Fluorine-Free Superhydrophobic Cotton Fabric by Constructing Multielement-Containing POSS@ZIF-67@PDMS Micro-Nano Hierarchical Coatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:56027-56045. [PMID: 36490381 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The facile construction of a cotton fabric with excellent flame-retardant and water-proof abilities is of great interest for multitask requirements. Herein, a nonfluorine, highly efficient, and cost-effective multifunctional cotton fabric was fabricated via sequentially depositing a novel multielement-containing flame-retardant phosphorylated octa-aminopropyl POSS (PPA-POSS) and a fluorine-free superhydrophobic coating of zeolitic imidazolate framework-67@poly(dimethylsiloxane) (ZIF-67@PDMS). Influences of the PPA-POSS concentration and ZIF-67@PDMS formula on the fire retardancy and water repellency of treated cotton were systematically investigated. The optimized flame-retardant sample CTF3 with 6.2 wt % PPA-POSS exhibited a high limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 34% and self-extinguishing ability. CTF3 was further modified with a properly formulated superhydrophobic ZIF-67@PDMS coating. CTF3-PHB2 displayed enhanced thermal stability, flame retardancy, and outstanding superhydrophobicity. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results demonstrated that CTF3-PHB2 presented a high char residue of 35.9%, which was 220.5% higher than that of the control cotton (11.2%). More importantly, the heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR), and average effective heat of combustion (av-EHC) values of CTF3-PHB2 were significantly reduced by 51.4, 56.2, and 68.4%, respectively, compared with those of a pure cotton fabric. Moreover, CTF3-PHB2 showed superhydrophobicity (WCA > 159.3°) and good mechanical abrasion resistance. In addition, CTF3-PHB2 also showed protective abilities such as antifouling, self-cleaning, and water/oil separation performances even for strong acid/alkali mixtures. Thereby, it is believed that the PPA-POSS@ZIF-67@PDMS coating is promising for application in multifunctional textile materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuwei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu214122, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu214122, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu214122, China
| | - Yalin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu214122, China
| | - Yaxun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu214122, China
| | - Bin Fei
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong999077, China
| | - Wenwen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu214122, China
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong999077, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui230026, China
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13
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Wang X, Wang J, Zhao W, Liu J, Long S, Wang D. Effects of flame retardants containing
POC
and
PC
structures on the flame retardant properties of epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou Hainan People's Republic of China
| | - Jingming Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou Hainan People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou Hainan People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou Hainan People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Long
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou Hainan People's Republic of China
| | - Dun Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou Hainan People's Republic of China
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center Hainan University Haikou Hainan People's Republic of China
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14
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Guo F, Zhang Y, Li L. Zinc hydroxystannate dripped on magnesium hydroxide flower for enhancing smoke suppression and toxicity reduction properties of epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining Qinghai China
- Qinghai Engineering and Technology Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lake Resources Xining Qinghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yuze Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining Qinghai China
- Qinghai Engineering and Technology Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lake Resources Xining Qinghai China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining Qinghai China
- Qinghai Engineering and Technology Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lake Resources Xining Qinghai China
- Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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15
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Zhou X, Chu F, Qiu S. Effects of phenylphosphonate and aliphatic phosphonate structures on the flame retardant performance of bismaleimide. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Chen B, Luo W, Lv J, Lin S, Zheng B, Zhang H, Chen M. A universal strategy toward flame retardant epoxy resin with ultra-tough and transparent properties. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Wang J, Zhou Y, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Zhou H, Zhang Y. Interfacially-engineered PBA based hierarchical structure with Ni(OH)2 nanocatalyst towards fire retardation of epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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18
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A Phosphorous-Based Bi-Functional Flame Retardant Based on Phosphaphenanthrene and Aluminum Hypophosphite for an Epoxy Thermoset. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911256. [PMID: 36232556 PMCID: PMC9569656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A phosphorous-based bi-functional compound HPDAl was used as a reactive-type flame retardant (FR) in an epoxy thermoset (EP) aiming to improve the flame retardant efficiency of phosphorus-based compounds. HPDAl, consisting of two different P-groups of aluminum phosphinate (AHP) and phosphophenanthrene (DOPO) with different phosphorous chemical environments and thus exerting different FR actions, exhibited an intramolecular P-P groups synergy and possessed superior flame-retardant efficiency compared with DOPO or AHP alone or the physical combination of DOPO/AHP in EP. Adding 2 wt.% HPDAl made EP composites acquire a LOI value of 32.3%, pass a UL94 V-0 rating with a blowing-out effect, and exhibit a decrease in the heat/smoke release. The flame retardant modes of action of HPDAl were confirmed by the experiments of the scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetry–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy–gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (TG-FTIR-GC/MS). The results indicate that the phosphorous-based FRs show different influences on the flame retardancy of composites, mainly depending on their chemical structures. HPDAl had a flame inhibition effect in the gas phase and a charring effect in the condensed phase, with a well-balanced distribution of P content in the gas/condensed phase. Furthermore, the addition of HPDAl hardly impaired the mechanical properties of the matrix due to the link by chemical bonds between them.
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19
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Shi Q, Huo S, Wang C, Ye G, Yu L, Fang Z, Wang H, Liu Z. A phosphorus/silicon-based, hyperbranched polymer for high-performance, fire-safe, transparent epoxy resins. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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20
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Kong F, Nie B, Han C, Zhao D, Hou Y, Xu Y. Flame Retardancy and Thermal Property of Environment-Friendly Poly(lactic acid) Composites Based on Banana Peel Powder. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5977. [PMID: 36079358 PMCID: PMC9457241 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Banana peel powder (BPP) was used to prepare poly(lactic acid) (PLA) bio-based composites and the flame retardancy was enhanced by introducing silica-gel microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MCAPP). The results showed that the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of PLA containing 15 wt % BPP was 22.1% and just passed the UL-94 V-2 rate. Moreover, with the introduction of 5 wt % MCAPP and 15 wt % BPP, the PLA composite had a higher LOI value of 31.5%, and reached the UL-94 V-0 rating, with self-extinguishing and anti-dripping abilities. The PLA/M5B15 also had a lower peak heat release rate (296.7 kW·m-2), which was 16% lower than that of the PLA/B15 composite. Furthermore, the synergistic effects between MCAPP and BPP impart better thermal stability to PLA composites. According to the investigation of the char residue and pyrolysis gaseous products, MCAPP with BPP addition is beneficial to the formation of a higher quality char layer in the solid phase but also plays the flame retardant effect in the gas phase. This work provides a simple and efficient method to solve the high cost and flammability issues of PLA composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanbei Kong
- School of Resource and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Baisheng Nie
- School of Resource and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Dynamics and Control, School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Chao Han
- School of Energy Resources and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- School of Resource and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanan Hou
- School of Resource and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuxuan Xu
- School of Energy Resources and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
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21
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Cui J, Yu H, Li T, Zhu Y, Zhu A, Mao X, Qi C, Yang B, Guo J, Mu B, Tian L. Improvement of mechanical properties and flame retardancy of epoxy resin by phosphorylated cyclotriphosphazene hyperbranched polymeric flame retardants. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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22
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Wang Y, Yu K, Zhao J, Xin A. NaOH hydrothermally treated gibbsite modified silicone acrylic emulsion-based intumescent flame-retardant coatings for plywood. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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He LX, Liu XD, Zheng XT, Dong YQ, Bai WB, Lin YC, Jian RK. A versatile phosphorothioate bearing benzimidazole for the preparation of flame retardant, mechanically strong and high transparency epoxy resins. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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A novel polyaromatic ring phosphor-nitrogen imidazole derivative endowing epoxy resin with remarkable flame retardancy and mechanical properties. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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25
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Wang H, Li X, Su F, Xie J, Xin Y, Zhang W, Liu C, Yao D, Zheng Y. Core-Shell ZIF67@ZIF8 Modified with Phytic Acid as an Effective Flame Retardant for Improving the Fire Safety of Epoxy Resins. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:21664-21674. [PMID: 35785329 PMCID: PMC9245132 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite many important industrial applications, epoxy resin (EP) suffers from high flammability and toxicity emission, extremely hampering their applications. To circumvent the problem, core-shell structured ZIF67@ZIF8 is successfully synthesized and further functionalized with phytic acid (PA) to obtain PA-ZIF67@ZIF8 hybrids. Then, it is used as an efficient flame retardant to reduce the fire risk of EP. The fire test results show a significant reduction in heat and smoke production. Compared with EP, incorporating 5.0 wt % PA-ZIF67@ZIF8 into EP, the peak heat release rate, total heat release, and peak carbon monoxide production are dramatically reduced by 42.2, 33.0, and 41.5%, respectively. Moreover, the EP/PA-ZIF67@ZIF8 composites achieve the UL-94 V-0 rating and the limiting oxygen index increases by 29.3%. These superior fire safety properties are mainly attributed to the excellent dispersion and the catalytic effect of metal oxide and phosphorus-containing compounds. This work provides an efficient strategy for preparing a promising ZIF-based flame retardant for enhancing flame retardancy and smoke toxicity suppression of EP.
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26
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Abdur Rashid M, Liu W, Wei Y, Jiang Q. Review of reversible dynamic bonds containing intrinsically flame retardant biomass thermosets. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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Santiago D, Serra À. Enhancement of Epoxy Thermosets with Hyperbranched and Multiarm Star Polymers: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2228. [PMID: 35683901 PMCID: PMC9182725 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperbranched polymers and multiarm star polymers are a type of dendritic polymers which have attracted substantial interest during the last 30 years because of their unique properties. They can be used to modify epoxy thermosets to increase their toughness and flexibility but without adversely affecting other properties such as reactivity or thermal properties. In addition, the final properties of materials can be tailored by modifying the structure, molecular weight, or type of functional end-groups of the hyperbranched and multiarm star polymers. In this review, we focus on the modification of epoxy-based thermosets with hyperbranched and multiarm star polymers in terms of the effect on the curing process of epoxy formulations, thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties, and their advantages in fire retardancy on the final thermosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Santiago
- Eurecat–Chemical Technologies Unit, C/Marcel·lí Domingo 2, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Àngels Serra
- Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
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28
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Wang YC, Kou X, Deng J, Zhao JP, Shi H. Photo‐aging deterioration of hybrid intumescent flame retarding coatings simultaneously modified by silicon aerogel, β‐cyclodextrin, and
nano‐ZnO. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Chao Wang
- School of Resources Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology Xi'an China
- State Key Lab of Subtropical Building Science South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
- School of Safety Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
| | - Xiaofei Kou
- School of Resources Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology Xi'an China
| | - Jun Deng
- School of Safety Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Science & Technology Xi'an China
| | - Jiang Ping Zhao
- School of Resources Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology Xi'an China
| | - Hongxing Shi
- State Key Lab of Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Disaster Protection Research Institute of Chemical Defense Beijing China
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29
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Gu L, Shi Y, Zhang L. Synthesis and characterization of bio-based "three sources in one" intumescent flame retardant monomer and the intrinsic flame retardant waterborne polyurethane. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Yang Y, Xiao D. Fabrication of two multifunctional phosphorus–nitrogen flame retardants toward improving the fire safety of epoxy resin. E-POLYMERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2022-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
To improve the fire safety of epoxy resin (EP), two novel phosphorus–nitrogen flame retardants, which named as diphenyl allylphosphoramidate (DPCA) and N-allyl-P, P-diphenylphosphinic amide (DCA), were synthesized by acyl chloride reaction and introduced into EP for fabricating EP composites. The combustion tests showed that incorporation of 5 wt% DPCA or 5 wt% DCA into EP led to the exceptional limited oxygen index (LOI) value (27.1% or 31.6%). Besides, the peak of heat release rate of EP-5 wt% DPCA and EP-5 wt% DCA was reduced by 40.69% and 36.69%, respectively, compared to pure EP. The enhanced fire resistance of EP was ascribed to the trapping effect of fillers in the gas phase and the charring effect in the condensed phase. Furthermore, ultraviolet-visible spectra revealed that both EP-5 wt% DPCA and EP-5 wt% DCA have considerable transparency. This study is expected to broaden the application of EP in the industrial area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in Fujian, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology , Fuzhou , Fujian , 350108 , China
| | - Dan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Products of Universities in Fujian, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology , Fuzhou , Fujian , 350108 , China
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31
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Ding H, Luo Z, Wang B. A phosphorus/sulfur‐containing compound toward simultaneously endowing epoxy resin with good flame retardancy and high transparency. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Zhonglin Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Biaobing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
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32
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Zhou C, Wang X, Wang J, Pan Z, Zhou H. Epoxy resin modified with chitosan derivatives and DOPO: Improved flame retardancy, mechanical properties and transparency. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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33
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Wang X, Liu Q, Wang J, Liu J, Long S, Wang D. Synthesis of multifunctional flame retardant with toughening and transparency and its application in epoxy resin. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Yu H, Tian L, Zhu Y, Zhu A, Mao X, Yang B, Guo J, Mu B, Cui J. Effect of cyclophosphazene nucleated hyperbranched polyester on flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Yu
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Li Tian
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Yingxue Zhu
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Anjun Zhu
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Xin Mao
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Baoping Yang
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Junhong Guo
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Bo Mu
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Jinfeng Cui
- School of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
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35
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Qiao H, Lin X, Zhong W, Lan J, Zhang H, Chen M. Smoke suppression and thermal conductivity of epoxy resin modified by
Al
2
O
3
and hyperbranched flame retardant. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Qiao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Xiuhuang Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Research and Development Department Xiamen Waexim Rubber Co., Ltd Xiamen China
| | - Jiashui Lan
- Research and Development Department Xiamen Waexim Rubber Co., Ltd Xiamen China
| | - Huagui Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Mingfeng Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
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36
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Yin L, Gong K, Zhou K, Qian X, Shi C, Gui Z, Qian L. Flame-retardant activity of ternary integrated modified boron nitride nanosheets to epoxy resin. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 608:853-863. [PMID: 34785460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the fire safety of epoxy resin, ZIF-8 nanoparticle in-situ decorated boron nitride nanosheet (BN-OH/ZIF-8) is fabricated via self-assembly method and then ternary integrated BN-OH/ZIF-8/PA hybrids are prepared through the chemical etching effect of phytic acid. FTIR, XRD, XPS, TEM and TGA measurements are used to characterize the structure and morphology of the nanohybrids. The researches show that BN-OH/ZIF-8/PA not only uniformly distributed in EP matrix, but also improve the thermal stability of EP. The peak heat release rate, peak smoke production rate, total smoke production values, the fire growth index and peak CO production rate obtained from cone test are significantly decreased, demonstrating the reduction of the fire hazards of EP composites containing BN-OH/ZIF-8/PA. The nano barrier effect and catalytic activity of BN-OH/ZIF-8/PA may be conducive to suppress the release of combustible volatile products and heat, facilitate the formation of graphitized carbon layer, and protect matrix from flame damage. The ternary integrated method developed in this study explores a new way to improve the flame retardant properties of EP, thereby promoting its application range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Yin
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei 430074 PR China
| | - Kaili Gong
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei 430074 PR China
| | - Keqing Zhou
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei 430074 PR China; State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China; Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, PR China.
| | - Xiaodong Qian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metro Fire and Passenger Transportation Safety, China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Congling Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metro Fire and Passenger Transportation Safety, China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Beijing 100012, PR China.
| | - Zhou Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Lijun Qian
- China Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Flame Retardants, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, PR China; Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, PR China
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37
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Wen N, Zeng W, Yang Y, Yang Z, Li H, Li X, Li Q, Ding H, Lei Z. Preparation of the Intrinsic Flame-Retardant Curing Agent of Inorganic Epoxy Resin Containing Nitrogen and Phosphorus. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-02153-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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38
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Effects of kaolinite on thermal, mechanical, fire behavior and their mechanisms of intumescent flame-retardant polyurea. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Qin Y, Li M, Huang T, Shen C, Gao S. A study on the modification of polypropylene by a star-shaped intumescent flame retardant containing phosphorus and nitrogen. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Li D, Zhang Z, Wang S, Xu M, Li B. A monomolecular intumescent flame retardant for improvement simultaneously of fire safety, smoke suppression, and mechanical properties of epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Miaojun Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Bin Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
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41
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Improving the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resins by introducing of DOPO derivative functionalized ZIF-8. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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42
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Wang Y, Deng J, Zhao J, Shi H. Deterioration mechanism on flame retardancy of aliphatic waterborne polyurethane-based hybrid coatings under ultraviolet radiation: Experiment and pyrolysis kinetics. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yan L, Tang X, Xie X, Xu Z. Fire Resistance, Thermal and Anti-Ageing Properties of Transparent Fire-Retardant Coatings Modified with Different Molecular Weights of Polyethylene Glycol Borate. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234206. [PMID: 34883706 PMCID: PMC8659627 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Four kinds of polyethylene glycol borate (PEG-BA) with different molecular weights were grafted into cyclic phosphate ester (PEA) to obtain flexible phosphate esters (PPBs), and then applied in amino resin to obtain a series of transparent intumescent fire-retardant coatings. The comprehensive properties of the transparent coatings containing different molecular weights of PEG-BA were investigated by various analytical instruments. The transparency and mechanical analyses indicate that the presence of PEG-BA slightly decreases the optical transparency of the coatings but improves the flexibility and adhesion classification of the coatings. The results from fire protection and cone calorimeter tests show that low molecular weight of PEG-BA exerts a positive flame-retarded effect in the coatings, while high molecular weight of PEG800-BA behaves against flame-retarded effect. Thermogravimetric and char residue analyses show that the incorporation of low molecular weight of PEG-BA clearly increases the thermal stability and residual weight of the coatings and generates a more compact and stable intumescent char on the surface of the coatings, thus resulting in superior synergistic flame-retarded effect. In particular, MPPB1 coating containing PEG200-BA exerts the best flame-retarded effect and highest residual weight of 36.3% at 700 °C, which has 57.6% reduction in flame spread rate and 23.9% reduction in total heat release compared to those of MPPB0 without PEG-BA. Accelerated ageing test shows that low molecular weight of PEG-BA promotes to enhance the durability of structural stability and fire resistance of the coatings, while PEG800-BA with high molecular weight weakens the ageing resistance. In summary, the fire-resistant and anti-ageing efficiencies of PEG-BA in the coatings depend on its molecular weight, which present the order of PEG200-BA > PEG400-BA > PEG600-BA > PEG800-BA.
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Zou Z, Wang K, Zhang Z, Cao X, Lin J, Yang D, Li J, Zhu Y, Wang X. Preparation of (Fe)
MIL
‐101 on short carbon fibers to improve the flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and mechanical of epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Kangqi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Zhendong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Xi Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Jian Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Dangsha Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Jiangen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Yanyan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Xinlong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
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Gao C, Yu T, Sun J, Gu X, Li H, Mu C, Zhang S. A phosphate covalent organic framework: Synthesis and applications in epoxy resin with outstanding fire performance and mechanical properties. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sai T, Su Y, Shen H, Ran S, Huo S, Guo Z, Fang Z. Fabrication and Mechanism Study of Cerium-Based P, N-Containing Complexes for Reducing Fire Hazards of Polycarbonate with Superior Thermostability and Toughness. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:30061-30075. [PMID: 34132088 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A superior comprehensive performance is essential for the extensive utilization of polymers. Current flame-retardant strategies for polycarbonates (PCs) usually realize satisfied fire resistance at the cost of thermostability, toughness, and/or mechanical robustness. Thus, we report a rare-earth-based P, N-containing complex with a lamellar aggregated structure [Ce(DPA)3] by a coordination reaction between a tailored ligand and cerium(III) nitrate. The results indicate that incorporating 3 wt % Ce(DPA)3 enables the resultant PC composite to achieve UL-94 V-0 rating, with a 55% reduction in the peak heat release rate. Besides, the initial (T5) and maximum (Tmax1 and Tmax2) decomposition temperatures are significantly increased by 21, 19, and 27 °C, respectively, in an air atmosphere. Moreover, the impact strength and elongation at break of the PC composite containing 3 wt % Ce(DPA)3 are greatly increased by 20 and 59%, respectively, relative to pristine PC, while its tensile strength (57 MPa) is still close to that of bulk PC (60 MPa). Notably, this work provides a novel methodology for revealing the evolution mechanisms of chemical structures of vapor and residual products during thermal decomposition, which is conducive to guiding fire and heat resistance modification of PC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sai
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yukai Su
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haifeng Shen
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Shiya Ran
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Siqi Huo
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhenghong Guo
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Zhengping Fang
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Synthesis of Novel Arginine-Based Flame Retardant and Its Application in Lyocell Fabric. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123588. [PMID: 34208392 PMCID: PMC8231223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyocell fabrics are widely applied in textiles, however, its high flammability increases the risk of fire. Therefore, to resolve the issue, a novel biomass-based flame retardant with phosphorus and nitrogen elements was designed and synthesized by the reaction of arginine with phosphoric acid and urea. It was then grafted onto the lyocell fabric by a dip-dry-cure technique to prepare durable flame-retardant lyocell fabric (FR-lyocell). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis demonstrated that the flame retardant was successfully introduced into the lyocell sample. Thermogravimetric (TG) and Raman analyses confirmed that the modified lyocell fabric featured excellent thermal stability and significantly increased char residue. Vertical combustion results indicated that FR-lyocell before and after washing formed a complete and dense char layer. Thermogravimetric Fourier-transform infrared (TG-FTIR) analysis suggested that incombustible substances (such as H2O and CO2) were produced and played a significant fire retarding role in the gas phase. The cone calorimeter test corroborated that the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) declined by 89.4% and 56.4%, respectively. These results indicated that the flame retardancy of the lyocell fabric was observably ameliorated.
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Wang H, Jiang P, Zhang P, Zhao H, Zhao M, Deng J, Cao Z. Synthesis of polyols containing nitrogen‐phosphorus from vegetable oil derivatives for polyurethane film applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Pingping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Pingbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Huihang Zhao
- Department for Engineering Technology Hebei Jingu Renewable Resources Development Co., Ltd. Shijiazhuang China
| | - Minzhong Zhao
- Department for Engineering Technology Hebei Jingu Renewable Resources Development Co., Ltd. Shijiazhuang China
| | - Jianneng Deng
- Research Center for Engineering Technology Jiangsu Baichuan High‐tech New Materials Co., Ltd. Nantong China
| | - Zhiliang Cao
- Research Center for Engineering Technology Jiangsu Baichuan High‐tech New Materials Co., Ltd. Nantong China
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A novel synthesis of ditrimethylolpropane biphosphoramide diethyleneamine as flame retardant and antistatic textiles. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0744-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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