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Sahoo S, Mahamallik P, Das R, Panigrahi S. A critical review on non-metal doped g-C 3N 4 based photocatalyst for organic pollutant remediation with sustainability assessment by life cycle analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 258:119390. [PMID: 38879105 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is recognized to be one of the most promising ways to address energy and environmental issues by utilizing visible light. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), with a moderate band gap (∼2.7 eV) has been the flashpoint in environmental photocatalysis as it can work better under visible light, can be synthesized by a facile synthesis process using low-cost materials, thermally and chemically stable. Still the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 is not satisfactory because of certain limitations such as insufficient visible light absorption capacity, low electron-hole separation efficiency, high recombination rate, poor surface area. Introduction of doping, band structure engineering, defecting and designing of heterojunction, composites etc. were investigated to amplify its applications. Among all these modifications, elemental doping is a suitable and successful alternative for the enhancement of the photocatalytic activity by changing the optical and electronic properties. This review emphasizes on advancement and trends of elemental doping and its application on photocatalytic organic pollutant remediation in aqueous medium. The fundamental photocatalytic activity of heterogeneous photocatalysis and specifically g-C3N4-based photocatalysis have been discussed. The benfits of non-metal doping, enhanced photocatalytic performance by doping element, mechanism invloved in doping, advantages of co-doping has been explained. Mono, bi, and tri non-metal doped g-C3N4 and their application for the removal of organic pollutants from water medium by visible light photocatalysis has been summerized. Life cycle assessment (LCA) of photocatalytic system has been highlighted. Future research should focus on the large-scale application of the photocatalysis process considering the economic aspects. A rigorous life cycle assessment for deploying the non-metal doped g-C3N4-based photocatalysis technology for successful commercial application is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhalaxmi Sahoo
- Water and Wastewater Research Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Prateeksha Mahamallik
- Water and Wastewater Research Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Rahul Das
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT), 799046, Agartala, India
| | - Sagarika Panigrahi
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT), 799046, Agartala, India
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2
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Yu P, Guo Z, Wang T, Wang J, Guo Y, Zhang L. Insights into the mechanisms of natural organic matter on the photodegradation of indomethacin under natural sunlight and simulated light irradiation. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 244:120539. [PMID: 37659181 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Indomethacin (INDO) is an antipyretic and analgesic pharmaceutical that has been widely detected in the aquatic environment. Photodegradation is an essential pathway for removal of INDO in sunlit surface water, however the effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on its photodegradation and the ecotoxicity of photodegradation products are largely unknown. In this study, the effect of DOM on the photodegradation of INDO under both natural and simulated light irradiation was studied. The results showed that indirect photolysis is the main photodegradation pathway of INDO in presence of DOM where 3DOM* plays the most important promoting role. Compared to commercial DOM (SRNOM and SRFA), DOM extracted from local-lake water (SLDOM) promoted the photodegradation to the highest extent. Although the steady-state concentrations of 3DOM* of SRNOM and SRFA were higher than SLDOM, their inhibition effect surpassed SLDOM namely higher light screening effect and phenolic antioxidant concentrations. The photodegradation pathway in pure water is different from that in DOM system where the decarboxylation of acetic acid chain and the oxidative fracture of indole ring are the main degradation pathways. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculation further supports the proposed degradation pathways of INDO. ECOSAR calculation showed that the toxicity of INDO photodegradation products to aquatic organisms may maintain or even exceed its parent compound. Therefore, comprehensive understanding of the impact of DOM on the photodegradation of INDO is of crucial significance for evaluating its ecological risk in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Zhongyu Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Tingting Wang
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Jieqiong Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuchen Guo
- College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lilan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
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3
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Weng Z, Lin Y, Han B, Zhang X, Guo Q, Luo Y, Ou X, Zhou Y, Jiang J. Donor-acceptor engineered g-C 3N 4 enabling peroxymonosulfate photocatalytic conversion to 1O 2 with nearly 100% selectivity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130869. [PMID: 36709733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) is a thrilling active species for selectively oxidating organic substances. However, the efficient and selective generation of 1O2 maintains a great challenge. Here, we develop a donor-acceptor structured g-C3N4 by covalently engineering benzenetricarboxaldehyde (BTA) onto the fringe of g-C3N4. The g-C3N4-BTA exerts high-efficiency 1O2 generation with nearly 100% selectivity via peroxymonosulfate (PMS) photocatalytic activation upon visible light illumination, exhibiting obviously boosted efficiency for selective elimination of atrazine (ATZ). The consequences of experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrate that BTA units serve as electron-withdrawing sites to trap photogenerated electrons and facilitate the adsorption of PMS on the electron-deficient heptazine rings of g-C3N4. As such, PMS can be in-situ oxidated by the photogenerated holes to selectively produce 1O2. Besides, the g-C3N4-BTA/PMS system delivers high stability and strong resistance to the coexisting organic ions and natural organic matter, demonstrating great potential for selectively removing targeted organic contaminants with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonglin Weng
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuanfang Lin
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Bin Han
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Xinfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Qin Guo
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yu Luo
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xinwen Ou
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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4
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Zhang X, Zhu D, Wang S, Zhang J, Zhou S, Wang W. Efficient adsorption and degradation of dyes from water using magnetic covalent organic frameworks with a pyridinic structure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:34669-34683. [PMID: 36515876 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24688-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have promising applications in environmental remediation owing to their precise directional synthesis and superior adsorption ability. However, magnetic COFs with pyridinic N have not been studied as bifunctional materials for the adsorption and catalytic degradation of dyes. Therefore, in this study, a magnetic COF with a pyridinic structure (BiPy-MCOF) was successfully synthesized using a solvothermal method, which exhibited higher methyl orange (MO) removal than other common adsorbents. The best degradation efficiency via the Fenton-like reaction was obtained by pre-adsorbing MO for 3 h at pH 3.1. Both adsorption and catalytic degradation resulted in better removal of MO under acidic conditions. The introduction of pyridinic N improved MO adsorption and degradation on BiPy-MCOF. The electrostatic potential (ESP) showed that pyridinic N had a strong affinity for MO adsorption. Density functional theory calculations confirmed the potential sites on MO molecules that may be attacked by free radicals. Possible degradation pathways were proposed based on the experimental results. Moreover, BiPy-MCOF could effectively degrade MO at least four times, and a high degradation efficiency was obtained in other dyes applications. The coupling of adsorption and degradation demonstrated that the as-prepared BiPy-MCOF was an effective material for organic dyes removal from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, 810016, Qinghai Province, China
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Donghai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, 810016, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Shiyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, 810016, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Jinwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, 810016, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Shuangxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, 810016, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, 810016, Qinghai Province, China.
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5
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Jing L, Xie M, Xu Y, Tong C, Song Y, Du X, Zhao H, Zhong N, Li H, Gates ID, Hu J. O-doped and nitrogen vacancies 3D C3N4 activation of peroxydisulfate for pollutants degradation and transfer hydrogenation of nitrophenols with water. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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6
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Construction of zirconium metal–organic polyhedron/silver chloride heterojunction with boosted photocatalytic activity for the degradation of broad-spectrum antibiotics and mechanism insight. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Li YW, Zhang ZF, Li SZ, Liu LY, Ma WL. Solar-induced efficient propylparaben photodegradation by nitrogen vacancy engineered reticulate g-C 3N 4: Morphology, activity and mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159247. [PMID: 36208767 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Propylparaben (PrP) has attracted extensive concerns due to its wide occurrence in wastewater and potential health risk. Herein, nitrogen vacancy engineered reticulate g-C3N4 (Nv-RCN) was successfully synthesized for the photodegradation of PrP. Nv-RCN exhibited larger specific surface area, greater light absorption ability, higher transfer and separation efficiency of charge carriers in comparison with bulk g-C3N4 (CN). According to the characterization results and DFT calculation, nitrogen vacancy could capture electrons and facilitate oxygen adsorption. The Nv-RCN exhibited an outstanding PrP removal efficiency of 94.3 %, and the corresponding apparent rate constant of Nv-RCN was 3.37 times higher than that of CN. High O2 concentration (8 mg/L) and low pH value (pH = 3) promoted PrP photodegradation based on Box-Behnken Design. The O2- was the major radical during PCOP of Nv-RCN, and could oxidize PrP by decarbonylation and dealkylation. This study provided new insights to the improvement of photodegradation performance of g-C3N4 for parabens removal and related environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shu-Zhi Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin 150090, China
| | - Li-Yan Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin 150090, China.
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8
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Tan C, Zhong J, Zheng X, Zhang Q, Chen P, Zhan M, Liu H, Lv W, Liu G. Thin-wall hollow porous cystic-like graphitic carbon nitride with awakened n→π* electronic transitions and exceptional structural features for superior photocatalytic degradation of sulfamethoxazole. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136686. [PMID: 36202373 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Effective photoexcitation and carrier migration are the essential aspects to strengthen semiconductor-engaged redox reaction. Herein, a three-dimensional thin-wall hollow porous cystic-like g-C3N4 (HPCN) with curved layer edge was successfully fabricated via a non-template thermal-condensation strategy. The construction of unique distorted structure can evoke the hard-to-activate n→π* electronic transition to some extent, broadening the absorption spectrum to 800 nm. And benefiting from the multiple reflections of incident light, the effective photoactivation can be further achieved. Moreover, the thin-wall porous framework can shorten the diffusion distance and accelerate migration of photogenerated charge, favouring interfacial redox reactions. The optimized HPCN1.0 demonstrated an excellent photocatalytic degradation of SMX under blue-LED light irradiation, which was dramatically superior to that of pristine g-C3N4 (CN, 11.4 times). Ultimately, in consideration of reactions under several influencing factors with four different water samples, we demonstrated that the HPCN photocatalyst could be utilized far more productively for the elimination of SMX under real-world aqueous conditions. This work provides a straightforward approach for the removal of SMX and has immense potential to contribute to global scale environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiwen Tan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiapeng Zhong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qianxin Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ping Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mingchang Zhan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haijin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huaihe River Water Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Wenying Lv
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guoguang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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9
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Halogen doped g-C3N4/ZnAl-LDH hybrid as a Z-scheme photocatalyst for efficient degradation for tetracycline in seawater. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.123047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Ning R, Pang H, Yan Z, Lu Z, Wang Q, Wu Z, Dai W, Liu L, Li Z, Fan G, Fu X. An innovative S-scheme AgCl/MIL-100(Fe) heterojunction for visible-light-driven degradation of sulfamethazine and mechanism insight. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:129061. [PMID: 35650744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of high efficient photocatalysts for antibiotics contamination in water remains a severe challenge. In this study, a novel step-scheme (S-scheme) photocatalytic heterojunction nanocomposites were fabricated from integrating AgCl nanoparticles on the MIL-100(Fe) octahedron surface through facile multi-stage stirring strategy. The S-scheme heterojunction structure in AgCl/MIL-100(Fe) (AM) nanocomposite provided a more rational utilization of electrons (e-) and holes (h+), accelerated the carrier transport at the junction interface, and enhanced the overall photocatalytic performance of nanomaterials. The visible-light-driven photocatalysts were used to degrade sulfamethazine (SMZ) which attained a high removal efficiency (99.9%). The reaction mechanisms of SMZ degradation in the AM photocatalytic system were explored by electron spin resonance (ESR) and active species capture experiments, which superoxide radical (•O2-), hydroxyl radical (•OH), and h+ performed as major roles. More importantly, the SMZ degradation pathway and toxicity assessment were proposed. There were four main pathways of SMZ degradation, including the processes of oxidation, hydroxylation, denitrification, and desulfonation. The toxicity of the final products in each pathway was lower than that of the parent according to the toxicity evaluation results. Therefore, this work might provide new insights into the environmentally-friendly photocatalytic processes of S-scheme AM nanocomposites for the efficient degradation of antibiotics pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongsheng Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fujian, PR China
| | - Heliang Pang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Zhongsen Yan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fujian, PR China; Zijin Mining Group Co, Ltd., Fujian, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, 350002 Fujian, PR China.
| | - Zhenyu Lu
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fujian, PR China
| | | | - Zengling Wu
- Zijin Mining Group Co, Ltd., Fujian, PR China
| | - Wenxin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, 350002 Fujian, PR China
| | - Lingshan Liu
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fujian, PR China
| | - Zhongsheng Li
- Zijin Internationl Holdings Co., Ltd, 572000, Hainan, China
| | - Gongduan Fan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fujian, PR China.
| | - Xianzhi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, 350002 Fujian, PR China
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11
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Liu Y, Li H, Wang R, Hu Q, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhou J, Qu G, Wang T, Jia H, Zhu L. Underlying mechanisms of promoted formation of haloacetic acids disinfection byproducts after indometacin degradation by non-thermal discharge plasma. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118701. [PMID: 35667169 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Indometacin (IDM), as a kind of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, has ecological and health risks, which is the potential precursor of chlorination disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Non-thermal discharge plasma was attempted to eliminate IDM and control subsequent DBPs formation. Satisfactory removal performance for IDM was realized by the plasma oxidation; almost 100% of IDM was removed within 2 min. Relatively greater removal efficiency was gained at a higher plasma voltage and a lower pH level. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer revealed that reactive species ·OH, O2·-, and 1O2 were responsible for IDM decomposition. Based on analyses of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy, three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, attacks of reactive species resulted in sequence breakages in functional groups of IDM, leading to production of small molecular alcohols, acids, and amines. Possible decomposition pathways of IDM were proposed. The produced acetamide and 1H-indol-5-ol were important precursors of DBPs. Formation and toxicity of nitrogen-containing DBPs were dramatically inhibited after IDM degradation; however, those of haloacetic acids were strengthened. The relevant roadmaps among DBPs and degradation intermediates were figured out. This study revealed the underlying mechanisms of IDM degradation by discharge plasma and its potential risks in chlorination disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hu Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ruigang Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qian Hu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- Chengde Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Drinking Water Safety Testing Technology Innovation Center, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Guangzhou Qu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Hanzhong Jia
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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12
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Cao S, Zhang Y, Ding K, Xu J, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Xie X, Wang H. Efficient visible light driven degradation of antibiotic pollutants by oxygen-doped graphitic carbon nitride via the homogeneous supramolecular assembly of urea. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112920. [PMID: 35167850 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (CN), as a non-metal material, has emerged as a promising photocatalyst to address environmental issues with the favorable band gap and chemical stability. The porous oxygen-doped CN nanosheets (CNO) were synthesized by an ecofriendly and efficient self-assembled approach using a sole urea as the precursor. The CNO photocatalysts were derived from the hydrogen-bonded cyanuric acid-urea supramolecular complex, which were obtained by pretreatment of urea at high temperature and pressure. The homogeneous supramolecular assembly was advantageous to the formation of uniform porous and oxygen-doped CN nanosheets. The formation process of the supramolecular intermediate and the CNO nanosheets were investigated. Moreover, doping amount of O in CNO could be controlled by the time of the high-pressure thermal polymerization of urea. The characterization results shown that the O atoms were successfully doped into the framework of CN by substitution the N atoms to form the C-O structures. The obtained CNO photocatalysts demonstrated the excellent visible-light photocatalytic performances for sulfamerazine (SMR) degradation, which was ascribed to synergistic interaction of porous structure and O doping. The degradation intermediates of SMR were identified and the degradation pathway were also proposed. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations proved that O doping changed the electronic structure of CN, resulting in more easier to activate O2. This work provides a novel perceptive for the development of high-performance nonmetal photocatalysts by using the homogeneous supramolecular assembly, which exhibits great potential in the environmental treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihai Cao
- College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211167, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Keqiang Ding
- College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211167, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, China
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211167, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211167, China
| | - Xianchuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resources Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China; Jiangxi Nanxin Environmental Protection Technology Co. LTD, Jiujiang City of Jiangxi Province, 330300, China.
| | - Huiya Wang
- College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211167, China.
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13
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Ni T, Zhang H, Yang Z, Zhou L, Pan L, Li C, Yang Z, Liu D. Enhanced adsorption and catalytic degradation of antibiotics by porous 0D/3D Co 3O 4/g-C 3N 4 activated peroxymonosulfate: An experimental and mechanistic study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 625:466-478. [PMID: 35738044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Co3O4/g-C3N4 catalyst with highly efficient adsorption and degradation of antibiotics was developed based on the combination of three-dimensional (3D) porous morphological controls of g-C3N4 and the loading of Co3O4 quantum dots (Co3O4 QDs). It was discovered that the catalyst can effectively activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) through a non-photochemical path, and a high tetracycline elimination rate of 99.7% can be achieved within 18 min. The characterization and density functional theory calculation results demonstrated that the porous 3D structure can not only promote the substrate adsorption reaction but also provide large surface area and countless exposed active sites for catalytic reaction. The introduction of Co3O4 QDs lowered activation energy barrier and lead to high energy of PMS adsorption. More efficient charge migration between the catalyst and PMS further accelerated PMS activation. Thus, leading to the excellent catalytic performance. In addition, non-free radical mediated degradation mechanism of catalytic activity was also proposed. This work provides a scheme for designing novel and efficient PMS activators for the removal of abusive antibiotics from aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjun Ni
- School of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zhibin Yang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Likun Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Chunling Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zhijun Yang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
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14
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Co-Doped, Tri-Doped, and Rare-Earth-Doped g-C3N4 for Photocatalytic Applications: State-of-the-Art. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid industrialization and overpopulation have led to energy shortages and environmental pollution, accelerating research to solve the issues. Currently, metal-free photocatalysts have gained the intensive attention of scientists due to their environmental-friendly nature and ease of preparation. It was noticed that g-C3N4 (GCN) consists of a few outstanding properties that could be used for various applications such as water treatment and clean energy production. Nonetheless, bare GCN contains several drawbacks such as high charge recombination, limited surface area, and low light sensitivity. Several solutions have been applied to overcome GCN limitations. Co-doping, tri-doping, and rare-earth-doping can be effective solutions to modify the GCN structure and improve its performance toward photocatalysis. This review highlights the function of multi-elemental and rare-earth dopants in GCN structure, mechanisms, and performance for photocatalytic applications as well as the advantages of co-doping, tri-doping, and rare-earth-doping of GCN. This review summarizes the different roles of dopants in addressing the limitations of GCN. Therefore, this article critically reviewed how multi-elemental and rare-earth-doping affect GCN properties and enhanced photoactivity for various applications.
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15
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Construction of single-atom Ag embedded O, K co-doped g-C3N4 with enhanced photocatalytic efficiency for tetracycline degradation and Escherichia coli disinfection under visible light. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Shittu FB, Iqbal A, Ahmad MN, Yusop MR, Ibrahim MNM, Sabar S, Wilson LD, Yanto DHY. Insight into the photodegradation mechanism of bisphenol-A by oxygen doped mesoporous carbon nitride under visible light irradiation and DFT calculations. RSC Adv 2022; 12:10409-10423. [PMID: 35424996 PMCID: PMC8984687 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00995a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen doped mesoporous carbon nitride (O-MCN) was successfully synthesized through one-step thermal polymerization of urea and glucose utilizing nanodisc silica (NDS) from rice husk ash as a hard template. The CO2 gas, NH3 and water vapor produced during the thermal process reshaped the morphology and textural properties of the of O-MCN compared to pristine mesoporous carbon nitride (MCN). Highest bisphenol A (BPA) removal achieved under visible light irradiation was 97%, with 60% mineralization ([BPA] = 10 mg L-1: catalyst dosage = 40 mg L-1; pH = 10; 180 min). In addition to mesoporosity, the sub-gap impurity states created from the oxygen doping reduced recombination rate of photogenerated carriers. Holes (h+) and superoxide (O2˙-) were identified as the predominant active species responsible for the photodegradation process. The photodegradation route was proposed based on the intermediates detected by LC-time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (LC/TOF-MS). The Density of States (DOS) showed that oxygen doping resulted in a higher photoactivity due to the stronger localization and delocalization of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). The adsorption pathway of the BPA on the O-MCN and MCN was successfully predicted using the DFT calculations, namely molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), global and local descriptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Bukola Shittu
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Minden 11800 Penang Malaysia
- The Federal Polytechnic Offa P.M.B 420 Offa Kwara State Nigeria
| | - Anwar Iqbal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Minden 11800 Penang Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Norazmi Ahmad
- Experimental and Theoretical Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia Bandar Indera Mahkota 25200 Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Rahimi Yusop
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi Malaysia
| | | | - Sumiyyah Sabar
- Chemical Sciences Programme, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia Minden 11800 Penang Malaysia
| | - Lee D Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan 110 Science Place, Room 165 Thorvaldson Building Saskatoon SK S7N 5C9 Canada
| | - Dede Heri Yuli Yanto
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Indonesia
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17
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Kim H, Choong CE, Han I, Park CM, Nah IW, Kim JR, Jeon BH, Yoon Y, Jang M. Insight into the role of charge carrier mediation zone for singlet oxygen production over rod-shape graphitic carbon nitride: Batch and continuous-flow reactor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127652. [PMID: 34775315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a new approach of creating the photo-exited electron (e-) and hole (h+) mediation zone for highly selective singlet oxygen (1O2) production, the rod-type graphitic carbon nitride (NCN) has been synthesized from the nitric acid-modified melamine followed by the calcination. The NCN exhibited a higher surface area and surface oxygen adsorption ability than bulk graphitic carbon nitride (BCN). The increment of CO and NHx groups on NCN corresponded to e- and h+ mediation groups, respectively, resulting in higher production of 1O2 than BCN. Moreover, those mediation groups on NCN result in higher recombination efficiency and longer e- decay time. As a result, the optimized NCN-0.5 (derived from 0.5 M of nitric acid-modified melamine) displayed 5.8 times higher kinetic rate constant of atrazine (ATZ) removal under UVA-LED irradiation compared to BCN. This study also evaluated the ATZ degradation pathways and toxicity effect of by-products. In addition, continuous flow experiments using NCN-0.5 showed superior ATZ removal performance with a hybrid concept between a slurry photocatalysis and a continuous stirred tank reactor system using actual effluent obtained from a wastewater treatment plant. Thus, this work provides an insight into the strategy for highly selective 1O2 production and the potential for water purification application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeseong Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Choe Earn Choong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea; Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 26 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01899, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ihn Han
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 26 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01899, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Min Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - In Wook Nah
- Center for Energy Convergence, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Rae Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, 63 Busandeahak-ro, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeomin Yoon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 300 Main Street, SC 29208, USA
| | - Min Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea; Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 26 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01899, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Wang Z, Zheng X, Chen P, Li D, Zhang Q, Liu H, Zhong J, Lv W, Liu G. Synchronous construction of a porous intramolecular D-A conjugated polymer via electron donors for superior photocatalytic decontamination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127379. [PMID: 34655871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of conjugated polymers with intramolecular donor-acceptor (D-A) units has the capacity to enhance the photocatalytic performance of carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for the removal of antibiotics from ambient ecosystems. This strategy addresses the challenge of narrowing the band gap of g-C3N4 while maintaining its high LUMO position. For this study, we introduced the above donor units into g-C3N4 to construct intramolecular D-A structures through the copolymerization of dicyandiamide with creatinine, which strategically extended light absorption into the green region and expedited photoelectron separation. The introduction of electron donor blocks kept the LUMO distributed on the melem, which maintained the high LUMO energy level of the copolymer with the potential to generate oxygen radicals. The as-prepared porous D-A conjugated polymer enhanced the photocatalytic degradation of sulfisoxazole with kinetic constants 5.6 times higher than that of g-C3N4 under blue light and 15.3 times higher under green light. Furthermore, we surveyed the degradation mechanism including the effective active species and degradation pathways. This study offers a new perspective for the synchronous construction of a porous intramolecular D-A conjugated polymer to enhance water treatment and environmental remediation capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongquan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ping Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Daguang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qianxin Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haijin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huaihe River Water Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Jiapeng Zhong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenying Lv
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guoguang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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19
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Wang J, Wang S. A critical review on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based materials: Preparation, modification and environmental application. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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He D, Jin D, Cheng F, Zhang T, Qu J, Zhou Y, Yuan X, Zhang YN, Peijnenburg WJGM. Development of a metal-free black phosphorus/graphitic carbon nitride heterostructure for visible-light-driven degradation of indomethacin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 804:150062. [PMID: 34509854 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of affordable and efficient technologies for the removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from water has recently been the subject of extensive attention. In this study, a black phosphorus/graphitic carbon nitride (BP-g-C3N4) heterostructure is fabricated as an extremely active metal-free photocatalyst via a newly-developed exfoliation strategy. The BP-g-C3N4 shows an 11 times better decomposition rate of a representative PPCPs-type pollutant, indomethacin (IDM), compared to the widely-used P25 TiO2 under real-sunlight illumination. Also, its visible-light activity is even better than that of the best photocatalysts previously developed, but only consumes 1/10-1/4 of the catalyst. The results show that BP performs a cocatalyst-like behavior to catalyze the generation of reactive oxygen species, thus speeding up the decomposition of IDM. In addition, the BP-g-C3N4 photocatalyst also exhibits excellent IDM removal efficiency in authentic water matrices (tap water, surface water, and secondarily treated sewage effluent). Large-scale application demonstration under natural sunlight further reveals the practicality of BP-g-C3N4 for real-world water treatment operations. Our work will open up new possibilities in the development of purely metal-free photocatalysts for "green" environmental remediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang He
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Dexin Jin
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Fangyuan Cheng
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Jiao Qu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China.
| | - Yangjian Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xing Yuan
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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21
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Yan J, Liu J, Sun Y, Ding D, Wang C, Sun LB, Li X. Exfoliation-induced O-doped g-C3N4 Nanosheets with improved photoreactivity towards RhB degradation and H2 evolution. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01625c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets exfoliated from bulk-sized counterparts are limited by quantum size effect-induced widened bandgap. In this work, a (NH4)2S2O8 (APS) induced thermal exfoliation approach is introduced to...
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22
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Li M, Liu D, Chen X, Yin Z, Shen H, Aiello A, McKenzie KR, Jiang N, Li X, Wagner MJ, Durkin DP, Chen H, Shuai D. Radical-Driven Decomposition of Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets: Light Exposure Matters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:12414-12423. [PMID: 34468124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the transformation of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is essential to assess nanomaterial robustness and environmental risks. Using an integrated experimental and simulation approach, our work has demonstrated that the photoinduced hole (h+) on g-C3N4 nanosheets significantly enhances nanomaterial decomposition under •OH attack. Two g-C3N4 nanosheet samples D and M2 were synthesized, among which M2 had more pores, defects, and edges, and they were subjected to treatments with •OH alone and both •OH and h+. Both D and M2 were oxidized and released nitrate and soluble organic fragments, and M2 was more susceptible to oxidation. Particularly, h+ increased the nitrate release rate by 3.37-6.33 times even though the steady-state concentration of •OH was similar. Molecular simulations highlighted that •OH only attacked a limited number of edge-site heptazines on g-C3N4 nanosheets and resulted in peripheral etching and slow degradation, whereas h+ decreased the activation energy barrier of C-N bond breaking between heptazines, shifted the degradation pathway to bulk fragmentation, and thus led to much faster degradation. This discovery not only sheds light on the unique environmental transformation of emerging photoreactive nanomaterials but also provides guidelines for designing robust nanomaterials for engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiao Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - Dairong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Xing Chen
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Yin
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China
| | - Hongchen Shen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - Ashlee Aiello
- Department of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States
| | - Kevin R McKenzie
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China
| | - Michael J Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - David P Durkin
- Department of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States
| | - Hanning Chen
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, District of Columbia 20016, United States
| | - Danmeng Shuai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
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23
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Shen Q, Wei L, Bibi R, Wang K, Hao D, Zhou J, Li N. Boosting photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline under visible light over hierarchical carbon nitride microrods with carbon vacancies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125376. [PMID: 33626475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride is considered as one of the promising photocatalysts for pollution elimination from wastewater. Manipulating the microstructure of carbon nitride remains a challengeable task, which is essential for improving light absorption, separating photogenerated carrier and creating reactive sites. Herein, a carbon vacancy modified hierarchical carbon nitride microrod (CN1.5) has been prepared templated from a melamine-NH2OH·HCl complex. The hierarchical microrods are demonstrated to be comprised of interconnected nanosheets with rich carbon vacancies, which endows it with high specific surface area, enhanced light utilization efficiency, available reactive sites, improved charge carrier separation and numerous mass-transport channels. The resultant photocatalyst CN1.5 exhibits an excellent photodegradation efficiency of 87.9% towards tetracycline under visible light irradiation. The remarkable apparent rate constant of 4.91 × 10-2 min-1 is 7.3 times higher than that of bulk CN. In addition, the degradation pathways are deduced base on the observation of degradation intermediates generating in the photocatalytic process. Mechanism investigation indicates that the major contribution for photodegradation is attributed to ·O2-, 1O2 and H2O2 species. This work provides new insights into advancing carbon nitride's microstructure to improve photocatalytic degradation performance for highly efficient antibiotic removal and environment remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanhao Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Dongnandaxue Road, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lingfei Wei
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, No. 2 Mengxi Road, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Rehana Bibi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Dongnandaxue Road, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Dongnandaxue Road, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Dandan Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Dongnandaxue Road, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jiancheng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Dongnandaxue Road, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Naixu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Dongnandaxue Road, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Material, No. 16 Suojin Wucun, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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24
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Huang J, Zheng X, Liu Y, Wang F, Li D, Liu H, Li R, Chen T, Lv W, Liu G. Integration of oxygen vacancies into BiOI via a facile alkaline earth ion-doping strategy for the enhanced photocatalytic performance toward indometacin remediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125147. [PMID: 33517052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) has garnered intense attention in the field of photocatalysis for environmental remediation; however, it suffers from a high electron-hole recombination rate. In this study, for the first time, we report on a facile strategy for the creation of oxygen vacancies in BiOI via strontium (Sr2+) doping. The as-prepared 0.45-SrBiOI demonstrated significantly enhanced photocatalytic degradation of indometacin under visible light exposure, which was almost 10 folds higher than pristine BiOI. This augmented photocatalytic performance was ascribed to the accelerated separation of charge carriers by oxygen vacancies, as well as Sr ion trapping electrons. Reactive species determination experiments revealed that O2▪-, 1O2, and h+ were the dominant active species. Finally, potential indometacin degradation pathways were proposed based on the identification of degradation by-products and theoretical calculations. This study offers new perspectives for the synthesis of highly efficient and cost effective BiOI-based photocatalysts, and provides a promising strategy toward advanced environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashu Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Process and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Fengliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Daguang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haijin Liu
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huaihe River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Ruobai Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Process and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Tiansheng Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 2000092, China
| | - Wenying Lv
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Guoguang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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25
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Fu D, Zhang Q, Chen P, Zheng X, Hao J, Mo P, Liu H, Liu G, Lv W. Efficient removal of bisphenol pollutants on imine-based covalent organic frameworks: adsorption behavior and mechanism. RSC Adv 2021; 11:18308-18320. [PMID: 35480924 PMCID: PMC9033470 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02342j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The extensive use of bisphenol analogues in industry has aggravated the contamination of the water environment, and how to effectively remove them has become a research hotspot. This study presents two imine-based covalent organic frameworks with different pore sizes (COFs) [TAPB (1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene)-Dva (2,5-divinylterephthaldehyde)-PDA (terephthalaldehyde) (COF-1), and TAPB (1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene)-Dva (2,5-divinylterephthaldehyde)-BPDA (biphenyl dialdehyde) (COF-2)], which have achieved the efficient adsorption of bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol A (BPA). The maximum adsorption capacity of COF-2 for BPS and BPA obtained from Langmuir isotherms were calculated as 200.00 mg g−1 and 149.25 mg g−1. Both hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions might have been responsible for the adsorption of BPS and BPA on the COFs, where the high adsorption capacity of COFs was due to their unique pore dimensions and structures. Different types of pharmaceutical adsorption studies indicated that COF-2 exhibited a higher adsorption performance for different types of pharmaceuticals than COF-1, and the adsorption capacity was ranked as follows: bisphenol pharmaceuticals > anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals > sulfa pharmaceuticals. These results confirmed that COFs with larger pore sizes were more conducive to the adsorption of pollutants with smaller molecular dimensions. Moreover, COF-1 and COF-2 possessed excellent pH stability and recyclability, which suggested strong potential applications for these novel adsorbents in the remediation of organic pollutants in natural waterways and aqueous ecosystems. Two imine-based covalent organic frameworks with different pore sizes were synthesized, and can be used as adsorbents for the removal of bisphenol pollutants, showing high affinity toward bisphenol S and bisphenol A.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijun Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China +86-13538982812 +86-20-39322547
| | - Qianxin Zhang
- School of Environmental, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, Tsinghua University Bejing 100084 China
| | - Ping Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China +86-13538982812 +86-20-39322547
| | - Xiaoshan Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China +86-13538982812 +86-20-39322547
| | - Jun Hao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China +86-13538982812 +86-20-39322547
| | - Peiying Mo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China +86-13538982812 +86-20-39322547
| | - Haijin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huaihe River Water Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 China
| | - Guoguang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China +86-13538982812 +86-20-39322547
| | - Wenying Lv
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China +86-13538982812 +86-20-39322547
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Fan G, Chen Z, Yan Z, Du B, Pang H, Tang D, Luo J, Lin J. Efficient integration of plasmonic Ag/AgCl with perovskite-type LaFeO 3: Enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for removal of harmful algae. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:125018. [PMID: 33422753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.125018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A novel plasmonic Ag/AgCl@LaFeO3 (ALFO) photocatalyst was successfully synthesized by a simple in-situ synthesis method with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light for harmful algal blooms (HABs) control. The structure, morphology, chemical states, optical and electrochemical properties of the photocatalyst were systematically investigated using a series of characterization methods. Compared with pure LaFeO3 and Ag/AgCl, ALFO-20% owned a higher light absorption capacity and lower electron-hole recombined rate. Therefore, ALFO-20% had higher photocatalytic activity with a near 100% removal rate of chlorophyll a within 150 min, whose kinetic constant was 15.36 and 9.61 times faster than those of LaFeO3 and Ag/AgCl. In addition, the changes of zeta potential, cell membrane permeability, cell morphology, organic matter, total soluble protein, photosynthetic system and antioxidant enzyme system in Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) were studied to explore the mechanism of M. aeruginosa photocatalytic inactivation. The results showed that ALFO-20% could change the permeability and morphology of the algae cell membrane, as well as destroy the photosynthesis system and antioxidant system of M. aeruginosa. What's more, ALFO could further degrade the organic matters flowed out after algae rupture and die, reducing the secondary pollution and avoiding the recurrence of HABs. Finally, the species of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (mainly •O2- and •OH) produced by ALFO were determined through quenching experiments, and a possible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed. Overall, ALFO can efficiently remove the harmful algae under the visible light, providing a promising method for controlling HABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongduan Fan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fujian, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, 350002 Fujian, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, Fuzhou University, 350002 Fujian, PR China
| | - Zhong Chen
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fujian, PR China
| | - Zhongsen Yan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fujian, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, 350002 Fujian, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, Fuzhou University, 350002 Fujian, PR China.
| | - Banghao Du
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fujian, PR China
| | - Heliang Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Dingsheng Tang
- CCCC First Highway Engineering Group Xiamen Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Jing Luo
- Fujian Jinhuang Environmental Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., 350002, Fujian, PR China
| | - Jiuyang Lin
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, School of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
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John A, Rajan MS, Thomas J. Carbon nitride-based photocatalysts for the mitigation of water pollution engendered by pharmaceutical compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:24992-25013. [PMID: 33772713 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the destructive impact of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) present in surface and drinking water on aquatic and terrestrial life forms becomes a major concern of researchers. API like diclofenac (DCF), carbamazepine (CBZ), tetracycline (TC), and sulfamethoxazole (SME) found in water bodies cause antimicrobial resistance and are potent carcinogens and endocrine disruptors. Conventional wastewater treatment methods possess some drawbacks and were found to be insufficient for the effective removal of APIs. Visible light-assisted semiconductor photocatalysis has become an alternative choice for tackling this worse scenario. Graphitic carbon nitride, a metal-free visible light active semiconductor photocatalyst is an emerging hotspot nanomaterial whose practical utility in water purification is widely recognized. This review comes up with an insightful outlook on the panorama of recent progress in the field of g-C3N4-assisted photocatalytic systems for the eradication of APIs. In addition, the review summarizes various strategies adopted for the broad-spectrum utilization of visible light and the enhancement of charge separation of pristine g-C3N4. The mechanistic pathways followed by different pharmaceuticals during their photocatalytic degradation process were also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju John
- Research Department of Chemistry, Kuriakose Elias College, Mannanam, Kottayam, Kerala, 686561, India
| | - Mekha Susan Rajan
- Research Department of Chemistry, Kuriakose Elias College, Mannanam, Kottayam, Kerala, 686561, India
| | - Jesty Thomas
- Research Department of Chemistry, Kuriakose Elias College, Mannanam, Kottayam, Kerala, 686561, India.
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Phosphorus-doped Carbon Nitride Nanosheets as Efficient White-LED-Light-Driven Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution and Tetracycline Degradation. Catal Letters 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03595-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Zhao G, Hu J, Zou J, Yu J, Jiao F, Chen X. The construction of NiFeS x/g-C 3N 4 composites with high photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of refractory pollutants. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2436-2447. [PMID: 33507196 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04096g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a novel NiFe layered double hydroxide-derived sulfide (NiFeSx)-modified g-C3N4 nanosheet photocatalyst (NiFeSx/g-C3N4) was synthesized, and its morphology, structure and visible light absorption capacity were simultaneously characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, FT-IR, XPS, UV-Vis DRS, PL techniques and EIS Nyquist plots. Furthermore, it was discovered that at an optimum mass ratio of 3% (NiFeSx to g-C3N4), 3% NiFeSx/g-C3N4 composites exhibited the best degradation efficiency toward tetracycline hydrochloride refractory pollutants. The degradation rate of tetracycline hydrochloride by 3% NiFeSx/g-C3N4 composites was 92.54% under 70 min of visible light illumination, which was about 2.61 times higher than that of pure g-C3N4. The improved degradation activity may be attributed to the synergistic effect between the two constituents of as-synthesized composites, and the formed heterojunction reduced the efficiency of photogenerated carriers. More importantly, this work also gives some inspiration to synthesize some similar photocatalysts for a targeted environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiao Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feipeng Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China.
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Fan G, Ning R, Yan Z, Luo J, Du B, Zhan J, Liu L, Zhang J. Double photoelectron-transfer mechanism in Ag-AgCl/WO 3/g-C 3N 4 photocatalyst with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for trimethoprim degradation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123964. [PMID: 33265006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic contamination is increasing scrutinized recently. In this work, the Ag-AgCl/WO3/g-C3N4 (AWC) nanocomposites were successfully synthesized using a two-step process involving electrostatic self-assembly and in-situ deposition for trimethoprim (TMP) degradation. The as-prepared photocatalysts were investigated and characterized by XRD, FTIR, XPS, TGA, SEM, TEM, UV-vis, PL and EIS. The experimental results indicated that 99.9% of TMP (4 mg/L) was degraded within 60 min when the concentration of AWC was 0.5 g/L. Reactive species scavenging experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments illustrated that superoxide radical (•O2-) and photogenerated holes (h+) were the main active species. The functional theory calculation and identification of intermediates via HPLC-MS revealed the possible degradation pathways of TMP. A double photoelectron-transfer mechanism in AWC photocatalyst was proposed. Five cycling photocatalytic tests and reactions under different solution matrix effects further supported that the AWC was a promising photocatalyst for the removal of TMP from the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongduan Fan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fujian, China; State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, 350002 Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, Fuzhou University, 350002 Fujian, China.
| | - Rongsheng Ning
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fujian, China
| | - Zhongsen Yan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fujian, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Fujian Jinhuang Environmental Sci-Tech Co., Ltd, 350002 Fujian, China
| | - Banghao Du
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fujian, China
| | - Jiajun Zhan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fujian, China
| | - Lingshan Liu
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fujian, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Institute of Groundwater and Earth Sciences, Jinan University, 510632 Guangdong, China
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Qiu Y, Xing Z, Guo M, Zhao T, Wang Y, Chen P, Li Z, Pan K, Zhou W. Cadmium sulfide quantum dots/dodecahedral polyoxometalates/oxygen-doped mesoporous graphite carbon nitride with Z-scheme and Type-II as tandem heterojunctions for boosting visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 582:752-763. [PMID: 32911419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is known that fabrication of tandem heterojunctions between different types of heterojunctions can promote the charge separation. Herein, novel cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs)/dodecahedral phosphotungstic acid potassium K3PW12O40 (KPW)/oxygen-doped mesoporous graphite carbon nitride (meso-g-C3N4) nanosheets tandem heterojunctions are prepared by the hydrothermal method combined with direct template calcination and in-situ chemical sedimentation strategy. The results show that tandem heterojunctions formed by the Z-Scheme heterojunction between CdS QDs and KPW and the type-II heterojunction between CdS QDs and meso-g-C3N4 can extend the optical response into visible light region. Importantly, under visible light irradiation, photocatalytic hydrogen production rate and photocatalytic Cr6+ removal rate over CdS/KPW/meso-g-C3N4 is higher than that of KPW and CdS/KPW. This remarkable photocatalytic performance is due to the effective charge separation and transfer of the special tandem heterojunction structure. This novel tandem heterojunction will offer new insights for fabricating other high-performance photocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalu Qiu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Zipeng Xing
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China.
| | - Meijun Guo
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Zhenzi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250353, PR China.
| | - Kai Pan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China.
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32
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Wu Y, Jin X, Liu Y, Huang S, Wang F, Zheng X, Wei D, Liu H, Chen P, Liu G. Facile synthesis of solar light-driven Z-scheme Ag2CO3/TNS-001 photocatalyst for the effective degradation of naproxen: Mechanisms and degradation pathways. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Jing L, Xu Y, Zhou M, Deng J, Wei W, Xie M, Song Y, Xu H, Li H. Novel broad-spectrum-driven oxygen-linked band and porous defect co-modified orange carbon nitride for photodegradation of Bisphenol A and 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 396:122659. [PMID: 32388181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Here, we successfully synthesized the oxygen-linked band and porous defect co-modified orange carbon nitride (AF-C3N4) using a simple method. Further, the band structure calculation of its simulated structure is performed by DFT, which shows that the introduction of oxygen-linked band can adjust its band structure. The photocatalytic degradation rates of 0.3AF-C3N4 for bisphenol A and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole were 8 times and 2.73 times that of the original g-C3N4, respectively. Moreover, 0.3AF-C3N4 also shows photocatalytic activity under different wavelength light (blue, green and red light), which indicates that the synthesized materials have a broad spectrum of photocatalytic activity. Further, we proposed a possible photocatalytic degradation pathway by HPLC-MS analysis. Free radical quenching test and ESR spectra show that the generated superoxide radicals (•O2-), hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and holes (h+) cause photodegradation, while enhancing singlet oxygen (1O2) and weaken the content of hydrogen peroxide has further proved that active oxygen groups play an important role in the photocatalytic degradation process. Additionally, the 0.3AF-C3N4 can also be a photoelectrochemical sensor to detect the concentration of bisphenol A (λ ≥ 550 nm). This study provides a new strategy for the synthesis of orange carbon nitride by oxygen-linked band and porous defect co-modification for photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liquan Jing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yuanguo Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Minjing Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Jiujun Deng
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Meng Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yanhua Song
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, PR China
| | - Hui Xu
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Huaming Li
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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Pan T, Chen D, Xu W, Fang J, Wu S, Liu Z, Wu K, Fang Z. Anionic polyacrylamide-assisted construction of thin 2D-2D WO 3/g-C 3N 4 Step-scheme heterojunction for enhanced tetracycline degradation under visible light irradiation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 393:122366. [PMID: 32120212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thin 2D/2D WO3/g-C3N4 Step-scheme (S-scheme) heterojunction with carbon doping and bridge (C-W/N) was constructed with anionic polyacrylamide (APAM), in which APAM functioned as an assistant templet and a carbon source. APAM and WO3 were inserted into g-C3N4 nanosheet. The carbon, thin planar structure and WO3 with oxygen vacancies result in fast charge transfer, high quantum efficiency and strong driving force for photocatalytic reaction. Consequently, as-prepared C-W/N ternary composite photocatalyst exhibited significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance for tetracycline (TC) degradation under visible light compared to pure g-C3N4, WO3 and other binary composites. Moreover, the material showed high stability and reusability in cyclic TC degradation. The principal intermediate products over C-W/N photocatalyst were revealed by HPLC-MS analysis. Corresponding degradation pathway of TC was also presented in this work. According to the trapping experiments, analysis of electron spin resource (ESR) and band gap, possible charge transfer pathways of C-W/N are proposed and discussed in detail. Based on the results, carbon derived from APAM works not only as electron mediator but also as acceptor for photocatalytic degradation reaction. It is a promising way to further modulate heterojunction for varies applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Pan
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dongdong Chen
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weicheng Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Jianzhang Fang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; China Guangdong Technology Research Center for Ecological Management and Remediation of Urban Water System, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Shuxing Wu
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhang Liu
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kun Wu
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhanqiang Fang
- China Guangdong Technology Research Center for Ecological Management and Remediation of Urban Water System, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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35
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Mo C, Faheem M, Aziz S, Jian S, Xue W, Yuyang T, Shuang D, Guangshan Z. Hydroxyl porous aromatic frameworks for efficient adsorption of organic micropollutants in water. RSC Adv 2020; 10:26335-26341. [PMID: 35519788 PMCID: PMC9055414 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04222f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution is an important issue in sustainable human development. People give great importance to environmental protection, especially with regards to increasingly scarce water resources. Water pollution is becoming more and more serious due to the existence of organic micropollutants. As a platform with good stability, porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) have been widely studied. Because of their high surface area and thermal stability, they are considered to be a good sewage treatment agent. However, the aromatic nature of PAFs makes their skeletons mostly hydrophobic. This characteristic of PAFs seriously affects their diffusion rate in water as an adsorbent, resulting in a low adsorption rate. In this work, we synthesized a series of hydroxyl functionalized porous aromatic frameworks (PAF-80, PAF-81, and PAF-82) via the Sonogashira–Hagihara cross-coupling reaction, which created polar motifs on the hydrophobic surfaces, and carried out adsorption tests on typical organic micropollutants in water such as bisphenol A (BPA), 2-naphthol (2-NO) and p-chloroxylenol (PCMX). Among the three PAFs, PAF-82 exhibited the highest BET surface area, polar active sites, and a high degree of conjugation, which led to the best adsorption performance compared to that of PAF-80 and PAF-81. The Langmuir adsorption capacity of PAF-82 for BPA, 2-NO, and PCMX is 689 mg g−1, 431 mg g−1, and 480 mg g−1, respectively, which surpasses most previously reported adsorbents. In addition, after 5 cycles of regeneration, it still maintained a high removal rate for pollutants. The obtained results reveal that micropollutant adsorption in water is not controlled by a single factor, but is the result of a synergy of multiple factors, including specific surface area, polar functional groups, pore size distribution, and skeleton conjugation. Our study has revealed the great potential of hydroxyl PAFs for efficient adsorption of organic micropollutants in water. A series of hydroxyl functionalized PAF materials (PAF-80, PAF-81, and PAF-82) were synthesized, which create polar channels to the hydrophobic surfaces and explored as efficient adsorption of organic micropollutants in water.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Mo
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of the Ministry of Education
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of the Ministry of Education
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Saba Aziz
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of the Ministry of Education
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Song Jian
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of the Ministry of Education
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Wang Xue
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of the Ministry of Education
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Tian Yuyang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of the Ministry of Education
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Ding Shuang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Biomass Functional Materials Studies
- Jilin Engineering Normal University
- Changchun 130052
- P. R. China
| | - Zhu Guangshan
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of the Ministry of Education
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
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