1
|
Skinner J, Delgado AG, Hyman M, Chu MYJ. Implementation of in situ aerobic cometabolism for groundwater treatment: State of the knowledge and important factors for field operation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171667. [PMID: 38485017 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
In situ aerobic cometabolism of groundwater contaminants has been demonstrated to be a valuable bioremediation technology to treat many legacy and emerging contaminants in dilute plumes. Several well-designed and documented field studies have shown that this technology can concurrently treat multiple contaminants and reach very low cleanup goals. Fundamentally different from metabolism-based biodegradation of contaminants, microorganisms that cometabolically degrade contaminants do not obtain sufficient carbon and energy from the degradation process to support their growth and require an exogenous growth supporting primary substrate. Successful applications of aerobic cometabolic treatment therefore require special considerations beyond conventional in situ bioremediation, such as competitive inhibition between growth-supporting primary substrate(s) and contaminant non-growth substrates, toxic effects resulting from contaminant degradation, and differences in microbial population dynamics exhibited by biostimulated indigenous consortia versus bioaugmentation cultures. This article first provides a general review of microbiological factors that are likely to affect the rate of aerobic cometabolic biodegradation. We subsequently review fourteen well documented field-scale aerobic cometabolic bioremediation studies and summarize the underlying microbiological factors that may affect the performance observed in these field studies. The combination of microbiological and engineering principles gained from field testing leads to insights and recommendations on planning, design, and operation of an in situ aerobic cometabolic treatment system. With a vision of more aerobic cometabolic treatments being considered to tackle large, dilute plumes, we present several novel topics and future research directions that can potentially enhance technology development and foster success in implementing this technology for environmental restoration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Skinner
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660 S College Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; Engineering Research Center for Bio-mediated and Bio-inspired Geotechnics (CBBG), Arizona State University, 650 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; Andrews Engineering, Inc., 3300 Ginger Creek Drive, Springfield, IL 62711, USA
| | - Anca G Delgado
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660 S College Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; Engineering Research Center for Bio-mediated and Bio-inspired Geotechnics (CBBG), Arizona State University, 650 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Michael Hyman
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Thomas Hall 4545, 112 Derieux Place, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Min-Ying Jacob Chu
- Haley & Aldrich Inc., 400 E Van Buren St, Ste 545, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
van der Waals MJ, Thornton SF, Rolfe SA, Rock L, Smith JWN, Bosma TNP, Gerritse J. Potential of stable isotope analysis to deduce anaerobic biodegradation of ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) in groundwater: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:16150-16163. [PMID: 38319419 PMCID: PMC10894111 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Understanding anaerobic biodegradation of ether oxygenates beyond MTBE in groundwater is important, given that it is replaced by ETBE as a gasoline additive in several regions. The lack of studies demonstrating anaerobic biodegradation of ETBE, and its product TBA, reflects the relative resistance of ethers and alcohols with a tertiary carbon atom to enzymatic attack under anoxic conditions. Anaerobic ETBE- or TBA-degrading microorganisms have not been characterized. Only one field study suggested anaerobic ETBE biodegradation. Anaerobic (co)metabolism of ETBE or TBA was reported in anoxic microcosms, indicating their biodegradation potential in anoxic groundwater systems. Non-isotopic methods, such as the detection of contaminant loss, metabolites, or ETBE- and TBA-degrading bacteria are not sufficiently sensitive to track anaerobic biodegradation in situ. Compound- and position-specific stable isotope analysis provides a means to study MTBE biodegradation, but isotopic fractionation of ETBE has only been studied with a few aerobic bacteria (εC -0.7 to -1.7‰, εH -11 to -73‰) and at one anoxic field site (δ2H-ETBE +14‰). Similarly, stable carbon isotope enrichment (δ13C-TBA +6.5‰) indicated TBA biodegradation at an anoxic field site. CSIA and PSIA are promising methods to detect anaerobic ETBE and TBA biodegradation but need to be investigated further to assess their full potential at field scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle J van der Waals
- Unit Subsurface and Groundwater Systems, Deltares, Daltonlaan 600, Utrecht, 3484 BK, The Netherlands
- Present address: KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Steven F Thornton
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Stephen A Rolfe
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Luc Rock
- Shell Global Solutions International BV, Carel van Bylandtlaan 30, The Hague, 2596 HR, The Netherlands
- Present address: Shell Global Solutions (Canada) Inc, 4000 - 500 Centre Street SE, Calgary, AB, T2G 1A6, Canada
| | - Jonathan W N Smith
- Shell Global Solutions (UK) Ltd, Shell Centre, York Road, London, SE1 7NA, UK
| | - Tom N P Bosma
- Unit Subsurface and Groundwater Systems, Deltares, Daltonlaan 600, Utrecht, 3484 BK, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Gerritse
- Unit Subsurface and Groundwater Systems, Deltares, Daltonlaan 600, Utrecht, 3484 BK, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang J, Zhang Y, Liu T, Shi Y, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Xu W, Zhang X, Wang Y, Li D. A biodegradable chitosan-based polymer for sustained nutrient release to stimulate groundwater hydrocarbon-degrading microflora. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140346. [PMID: 37832890 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated groundwater often has a low indigenous microorganism population and lacks the necessary nutrient substrates for biodegradation reaction, resulting in a weak natural remediation ability within the groundwater ecosystem. In this paper, we utilized the principle of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation by microorganisms to identify effective nutrients (NaH2PO4, K2HPO4, NH4NO3, CaCl2, MgSO4·7H2O, FeSO4·7H2O, and VB12) and optimize nutrient substrate allocation through a combination of actual surveys of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated sites and microcosm experiments. Building on this, combining biostimulation and controlled-release technology, we developed a biodegradable chitosan-based encapsulated targeted biostimulant (i.e., YZ-1) characterized by easy uptake, good stability, controllable slow-release migration, and longevity to stimulate indigenous microflora in groundwater to efficiently degrade petroleum hydrocarbon. Results showed that YZ-1 extended the active duration of nutrient components by 5-6 times, with a sustainable release time exceeding 2 months. Under YZ-1 stimulation, microorganisms grew rapidly, increasing the degradation rate of petroleum hydrocarbon (10 mg L-1) by indigenous microorganisms from 43.03% to 79.80% within 7 d. YZ-1 can easily adapt to varying concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated groundwater. Specifically, in the range of 2-20 mg L-1 of petroleum hydrocarbon, the indigenous microflora was able to degrade 71.73-80.54% of the petroleum hydrocarbon within a mere 7 d. YZ-1 injection facilitated the delivery of nutrient components into the underground environment, improved the conversion ability of inorganic electron donors/receptors in the indigenous microbial community system, and strengthened the co-metabolism mechanism among microorganisms, achieving the goal of efficient petroleum hydrocarbon degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jili Wang
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021,China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021,China.
| | - Ting Liu
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021,China
| | - Yujia Shi
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021,China; Changchun Gold Research Institute Co., Ltd, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yang Ding
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021,China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021,China
| | - Weiqing Xu
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021,China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021,China
| | - Yiliang Wang
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021,China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021,China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen Y, Ren H, Kong X, Wu H, Lu Z. A multicomponent propane monooxygenase catalyzes the initial degradation of methyl tert-butyl ether in Mycobacterium vaccae JOB5. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0118723. [PMID: 37823642 PMCID: PMC10617536 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01187-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) has been recognized as a groundwater contaminant due to its widespread distribution and potential threat to human health. The limited understanding of the enzymes catalyzing MTBE degradation restricts their application in MTBE bioremediation. In this study, an MTBE-degrading soluble di-iron monooxygenase that clusters phylogenetically with a known propane monooxygenase (PRM) encoded by the prmABCD gene cluster was identified and functionally characterized, revealing their role in MTBE metabolism by Mycobacterium vaccae JOB5. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the expression of prmABCD was upregulated when JOB5 was induced by MTBE. Escherichia coli Rosetta heterologously expressing prmABCD from JOB5 could transform MTBE, indicating that the PRM of JOB5 is capable of the initial degradation of MTBE. The loss of the gene encoding the oxygenase α-subunit or β-subunit, the coupling protein, or the reductase disrupted MTBE transformation by the recombinant E. coli Rosetta. In addition, the catalytic capacity of PRM is likely affected by residue G95 in the active site pocket and residues I84, P165, A269, and V270 in the substrate tunnel structure. Mutation of amino acids in the active site and substrate tunnel resulted in inefficiency or inactivation of MTBE degradation, and the activity in 1,4-dioxane (1,4-D) degradation was diminished less than that in MTBE degradation.IMPORTANCEMulticomponent monooxygenases catalyzing the initial hydroxylation of MTBE are important in MTBE biodegradation. Previous studies of MTBE degradation enzymes have focused on P450s, alkane monooxygenase and MTBE monooxygenase, but the vital role of soluble di-iron monooxygenases has rarely been reported. In this study, we deciphered the essential catalytic role of a PRM and revealed the key residues of the PRM in MTBE metabolism. Our findings provide new insight into the MTBE-degrading gene cluster and enzymes in bacteria. This characterization of the PRM associated with MTBE degradation expands our understanding of MTBE-degrading gene diversity and provides a novel candidate enzyme for the bioremediation of MTBE-contaminated sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Chen
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Ren
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenmei Lu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Effects of Unconventional Additives in Gasoline on the Performance of a Vehicle. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15051605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In order to meet stricter emissions regulations and fuel consumption regulations, the upgrading of fuel quality has become one of the most important trends in the development of internal combustion engines. In this article, 89 # gasoline (G89) that is available on the Chinese market was selected as the base fuel, and five unconventional additives, ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), N-Methylaniline, sec-butyl acetate, p-methylphenol and isobutanol, were added to the base fuel and named as G89-1, G89-2, G89-3, G89-4 and G89-5, respectively. The effects of these unconventional additives on a PFI vehicle were investigated. The test was carried out on a chassis dynamometer and the NEDC cycle was adopted to simulate driving conditions. The results show that, in terms of fuel consumption, G89-3 showed the best performance for decreasing fuel consumption. In terms of gaseous emissions, G89-4 decreased all four gaseous emissions, CO2, CO, THC and NOx, to a greater extent, which indicates that blending p-methylphenol into gasoline has a better potential for the vehicle to achieve cleaner emissions. In terms of acceleration performance, the five additives all shortened the acceleration time. The effects of the different additives on shortening acceleration time are basically consistent with the RON of the fuel.
Collapse
|
6
|
Nicholls HCG, Rolfe SA, Mallinson HEH, Hjort M, Spence MJ, Bonte M, Thornton SF. Distribution of ETBE-degrading microorganisms and functional capability in groundwater, and implications for characterising aquifer ETBE biodegradation potential. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:1223-1238. [PMID: 34350568 PMCID: PMC8724112 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15606-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbes in aquifers are present suspended in groundwater or attached to the aquifer sediment. Groundwater is often sampled at gasoline ether oxygenate (GEO)-impacted sites to assess the potential biodegradation of organic constituents. However, the distribution of GEO-degrading microorganisms between the groundwater and aquifer sediment must be understood to interpret this potential. In this study, the distribution of ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE)-degrading organisms and ETBE biodegradation potential was investigated in laboratory microcosm studies and mixed groundwater-aquifer sediment samples obtained from pumped monitoring wells at ETBE-impacted sites. ETBE biodegradation potential (as determined by quantification of the ethB gene) was detected predominantly in the attached microbial communities and was below detection limit in the groundwater communities. The copy number of ethB genes varied with borehole purge volume at the field sites. Members of the Comamonadaceae and Gammaproteobacteria families were identified as responders for ETBE biodegradation. However, the detection of the ethB gene is a more appropriate function-based indicator of ETBE biodegradation potential than taxonomic analysis of the microbial community. The study shows that a mixed groundwater-aquifer sediment (slurry) sample collected from monitoring wells after minimal purging can be used to assess the aquifer ETBE biodegradation potential at ETBE-release sites using this function-based concept.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry C G Nicholls
- Groundwater Protection and Restoration Group, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stephen A Rolfe
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Alfred Denny Building, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helen E H Mallinson
- Groundwater Protection and Restoration Group, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, Sheffield, UK
| | - Markus Hjort
- Concawe, Boulevard du Souverain 165, 1160, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael J Spence
- Concawe, Boulevard du Souverain 165, 1160, Brussels, Belgium
- British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Matthijs Bonte
- Concawe, Boulevard du Souverain 165, 1160, Brussels, Belgium
- Shell Global Solutions International B.V., Rijswijk, 2288GK, The Netherlands
- Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Steven F Thornton
- Groundwater Protection and Restoration Group, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, Sheffield, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Luo YH, Long X, Wang B, Zhou C, Tang Y, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Rittmann BE. A Synergistic Platform for Continuous Co-removal of 1,1,1-Trichloroethane, Trichloroethene, and 1,4-Dioxane via Catalytic Dechlorination Followed by Biodegradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:6363-6372. [PMID: 33881824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater co-contaminated with 1,4-dioxane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA), and trichloroethene (TCE) is among the most urgent environmental concerns of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and industries related to chlorinated solvents. Inspired by the pressing need to remove all three contaminants at many sites, we tested a synergistic platform: catalytic reduction of 1,1,1-TCA and TCE to ethane in a H2-based membrane palladium-film reactor (H2-MPfR), followed by aerobic biodegradation of ethane and 1,4-dioxane in an O2-based membrane biofilm reactor (O2-MBfR). During 130 days of continuous operation, 1,1,1-TCA and TCE were 95-98% reductively dechlorinated to ethane in the H2-MPfR, and ethane served as the endogenous primary electron donor for promoting 98.5% aerobic biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane in the O2-MBfR. In addition, the small concentrations of the chlorinated intermediate from the H2-MPfR, dichloroethane (DCA) and monochloroethane (MCA), were fully biodegraded through aerobic biodegradation in the O2-MBfR. The biofilms in the O2-MBfR were enriched in phylotypes closely related to the genera Pseudonocardia known to biodegrade 1,4-dioxane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hao Luo
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 United States
| | - Xiangxing Long
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 United States
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85008, United States
| | - Boya Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Chen Zhou
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 United States
| | - Youneng Tang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 United States
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim EJ, Park S, Adil S, Lee S, Cho K. Biogeochemical Alteration of an Aquifer Soil during In Situ Chemical Oxidation by Hydrogen Peroxide and Peroxymonosulfate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5301-5311. [PMID: 33755424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) on the biogeochemical properties of an aquifer soil were evaluated. Microcosms packed with an aquifer soil were investigated for 4 months in two phases including oxidant exposure (phase I) and biostimulation involving acetate addition (phase II). The geochemical and microbial alterations from different concentrations (0.2 and 50 mM) of hydrogen peroxide (HP) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) were assessed. The 50 mM PMS-treated sample exhibited the most significant geochemical changes, characterized by the decrease in pH and the presence of more crystalline phases. Microbial activity decreased for all ISCO-treated microcosms compared to the controls; particularly, the activity was severely inhibited at high PMS concentration exposure. The soil microbial community structures were shifted after the ISCO treatment, with the high PMS causing the most distinct changes. Microbes such as the Azotobacter chroococcum and Gerobacter spp. increased during phase II of the ISCO treatment, indicating these bacterial communities can promote organic degradation despite the oxidants exposure. The HP (low and high concentrations) and low concentration PMS exposure temporarily impacted the microbial activity, with recovery after some duration, whereas the microbial activity was less recovered after the high concentration PMS exposure. These results suggest that the use of HP and low concentration PMS are suitable ISCO strategies for aquifer soil bioattenuation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Kim
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Saerom Park
- Urban Water Circulation Research Center, Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Gyeonggi-do 10223, Republic of Korea
| | - Sawaira Adil
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghak Lee
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjin Cho
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sale T, Gallo S, Askarani KK, Irianni-Renno M, Lyverse M, Hopkins H, Blotevogel J, Burge S. Real-time soil and groundwater monitoring via spatial and temporal resolution of biogeochemical potentials. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124403. [PMID: 33189462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation-reduction potentials (ORP) govern the transformation of organic compounds in water and soils. Standard methods for measurements of ORPs in subsurface setting are deeply flawed due to heterogeneous samples from wells, failure to capture weakly poised redox couples, and biases with ex-situ measurements. In this study, we developed a real-time in-situ ORP sensor system that continuously measures biogeochemical electrical potentials using vertically distributed point sensing electrodes in direct contact with the soil. Three hundred thousand data points, providing a full range of aqueous ORP values (+ 600 to - 600 mV vs. Ag/AgCl) were collected over 513 days to spatially and temporally resolve subsurface biogeochemical processes at a former petroleum refinery. Water quality and microbial community data support the validity of the ORP data. In locations impacted by petroleum light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs), barometric pumping and ebullition events drive near-daily cycles of ORP changes in the vadose zone of 400 mV. When only dissolved phase hydrocarbons are present, near-daily redox cycles are absent and values for ORP indicate methanogenic conditions immediately about the water table. When hydrocarbons are not present, redox conditions are more oxidizing by + 400 to + 700 mV. The embedded electrodes revealed variations in hydrocarbon biodegradation in time and space that cannot be resolved by collection and analysis of conventional samples of groundwater and soil gas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Sale
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, 1320 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins 80523-1320, CO, United States
| | - Sam Gallo
- Soil and Crop Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523-1170, CO, United States
| | - Kayvan Karimi Askarani
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, 1320 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins 80523-1320, CO, United States
| | - Maria Irianni-Renno
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, 1320 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins 80523-1320, CO, United States
| | - Mark Lyverse
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, Site Assessment & Remediation Team, 6001 Bollinger Canyon Road, Bldg. C1206, San Ramon 94583-2324, CA, United States
| | - Harley Hopkins
- Formerly with ExxonMobil Environmental Services Company, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jens Blotevogel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, 1320 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins 80523-1320, CO, United States
| | - Scott Burge
- Burge Environmental, Inc., 6100 S. Maple Avenue Suite 114, Tempe 85283, AZ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Pulyalina A, Rostovtseva V, Faykov I, Toikka A. Application of Polymer Membranes for a Purification of Fuel Oxygenated Additive. Methanol/Methyl Tert-butyl Ether (MTBE) Separation via Pervaporation: A Comprehensive Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102218. [PMID: 32992562 PMCID: PMC7650697 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl Tert-butyl Ether (MTBE) remains the most popular fuel additive to improve fuel performance and reduce the emission of hazardous components. The most common method of MTBE production is a catalytic synthesis with a great excess of methanol to improve the reaction yield. The problems of obtaining pure MTBE from the final product have determined the search for new techniques; primarily membrane methods. Pervaporation as an optimal membrane process for highly selective separation of organic mixtures is of particular interest. This review is focused on analysis of the research works on the various polymer membranes and their efficiency for the separation of the azeotropic methanol/MTBE mixture. Currently the most popular materials with optimal transport properties are poly(vinyl alcohol), cellulose acetate and polyheteroarylenes. Mixed matrix membranes (MMM) are highly effective as well as they show overall operational stability.
Collapse
|