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Liu J, Jiang J, Xing X, Zhang H, Chen J, Dong Y. The denitrification characteristics of Na 2S 2O 8 solution in a falling film reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39002156 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2376292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Wet scrubbing technology is an effective emission control technology for marine diesel engines. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the main component of ship emissions, the sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8) can facilitate the NO mass transfer process to a rapid reaction. Falling film reactors are widely used in rapid gas-liquid reactions, however, the reaction characteristics of denitrification using Na2S2O8 solution in a falling film reactor are not clear, which were investigated in this paper. The factors of NO mass transfer flux were tested with the liquid-gas ratio of 15 L/m3. The effects of solution properties and temperatures on the reaction driving force were studied by calculating the chemical reaction equilibrium constants and Gibbs free energy changes. The results showed that the NO mass transfer flux increased with the increase of temperature, Na2S2O8 concentration, O2 concentration and NO concentration. NO mass transfer flux increased by 41.00% and then decreased by 2.12% as the pH value increased from 7 to 10 and then rising to 12. The Gibbs free energy changes of alkaline solutions were 114.22%-130.99% lower than those of acidic solution at 303-343 K, and the chemical reaction equilibrium constants were higher. Na2S2O8/seawater system has great application potential in marine exhaust gas purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- National Engineering Lab for Coal-fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxuan Jiang
- Tongfang Environment Co., LTD, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangwen Xing
- National Engineering Lab for Coal-fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- National Engineering Lab for Coal-fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Chen
- National Engineering Lab for Coal-fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Dong
- National Engineering Lab for Coal-fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Zhao X, Liu Z, Zhao J, Kang T, Yan C, Ju C, Ma L, Zhang X, Wang Y, Wu Y. Highly efficient molecular film for inhibiting volatilization of hazardous nitric acid. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:118151. [PMID: 38191045 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Nitric acid, an important basic chemical raw material, plays an important role in promoting the development of national economy. However, such liquid hazardous chemicals are easy to cause accidental leakage during production, transportation, storage and use. The high concentration and corrosive toxic gas generated from decomposition shows tremendous harm to the surrounding environment and human life safety. Therefore, how to inhibit the volatilization of nitric acid and effectively control and block the generation of the toxic gas in the first time are the key to deal with the nitric acid leakage accident. Herein, a new method of molecular film obstruction is proposed to inhibit the nitric acid volatilization. The molecular film inhibitor spontaneously spread and form an insoluble molecular film on the gas-liquid interface, changing the state of nitric acid liquid surface and inhibiting the volatilization on the molecular scale. The inhibition rate up to 96% can be achieved below 45 °C within 400 min. Cluster structure simulation and energy barrier calculation is performed to elucidate the inhibition mechanism. Theoretical analysis of energy barrier shows that the specific resistance of the inhibitor significantly increased to 460 s·cm-1 at 45 °C, and the generated energy barrier is about 17,000 kJ·mol-1, which is much higher than the maximum energy required for nitric acid volatilization of 107.97 kJ·mol-1. The molecular film obstruction strategy can effectively inhibit the volatilization of nitric acid. This strategy paves the way for preventing the volatilization of liquid hazardous chemicals in accidental leakage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29 13th Avenue, Economic and Technologic Development Zone, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Zixin Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29 13th Avenue, Economic and Technologic Development Zone, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Jingru Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29 13th Avenue, Economic and Technologic Development Zone, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Tingting Kang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29 13th Avenue, Economic and Technologic Development Zone, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Canjun Yan
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29 13th Avenue, Economic and Technologic Development Zone, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Chenggong Ju
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29 13th Avenue, Economic and Technologic Development Zone, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Lijuan Ma
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi, 041000, China.
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29 13th Avenue, Economic and Technologic Development Zone, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- Tianjin Fire Research Institute of MEM, NO. 110, South Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300381, China.
| | - Yan Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29 13th Avenue, Economic and Technologic Development Zone, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Lu P, Yan X, Ye L, Chen D, Chen D, Huang J, Cen C. Performance and mechanism of CO 2 absorption during the simultaneous removal of SO 2 and NO x by wet scrubbing process. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 135:534-545. [PMID: 37778825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The co-removal of CO2 while removing SO2 and NOx from industrial flue gas has great potential of carbon emission reduction but related research is lacking. In this study, a wet scrubbing process with various urea solutions for desulfurization and denitrification was explored for the possibility of CO2 absorption. The results showed that the urea-additive solutions were efficient for NOx and SO2 abatement, but delivered < 10% CO2 absorption efficiency. The addition of Ca(OH)2 dramatically enhanced the CO2 absorption, remained the desulfurization efficiency, unfortunately restricted the denitrification efficiency. Among various operating parameters, pH of solution played a determining role during the absorption. The contradictory pH demands of CO2 absorption and denitrification were observed and discussed in detail. A higher pH of solution than 10 was favorable for CO2 absorption, while the oxidizing of NO to NO2, NO2- or NO3- by NaClO2 was inhibited in this condition. When 7 < pH < 10, it was favorable for the conversion and absorption of NO and NOx. However, the conversion of HCO3- to CO32- was significantly inhibited, hence preventing the absorption of CO2. Large part of Ca(OH)2 became CaCO3 with a finer particle size, which covered the unreacted Ca(OH)2 surface after the reaction. Kinetic analysis showed that the CO2 absorption in urea-NaClO2-Ca(OH)2 absorbent was controlled by chemical reaction in early stage, then by ash layer diffusion in later stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Air Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Air Pollution Control, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Xianhui Yan
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Air Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Air Pollution Control, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Lyumeng Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dingsheng Chen
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Air Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Air Pollution Control, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Dongyao Chen
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Air Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Air Pollution Control, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Jianhang Huang
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Air Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Air Pollution Control, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Chaoping Cen
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Air Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Air Pollution Control, Guangzhou 510655, China.
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Cai Y, Wang Z, Liu D, Chen J, Jin J, Qin Q, Liu K, Hu H, Li S, Shi H. Transient simulation of SO 2 absorption into water in a bubbling reactor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2023; 58:811-824. [PMID: 37482681 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2023.2238586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
A bubbling reactor is an important type of gas scrubber to reduce SO2 emissions in maritime shipping. Both experiments and simulations were conducted to study the relationship between the periodic gas bubbling process and SO2 concentration at the outlet of the reactor, and the entrainment of liquid droplets on SO2 absorption. The accuracy of the model was verified by comparing the bubble size, the depth of bubbles injected into the water, and the SO2 concentration obtained in both experiments and simulations. The gas bubbling process is accompanied by bubble formation, rise, and collapse. The gas bubbling period is affected by the disturbance of the liquid level. The period of the SO2 concentration at the outlet of the gas bubbling reactor is smaller than that at the gas jar outlet which acts as the gas buffering region. The amounts of water carried out of the bubbling reactor by the gas bubbling process increase with the gas flow rates. The droplets and liquid film in the gas jar and the connecting tube play an important role in the absorption of SO2. This study encourages more research to reduce the fluctuation of SO2 concentration and consider droplet entrainment in the design of bubbling reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Cai
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dunyu Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Jin
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Qin
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixiang Hu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijie Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huancong Shi
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Huzhou Institute of Zhejiang University, Huzhou, China
- Clean Energy Technology Research and Innovation Centre, University of Regina, Regina, Canada
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Liu J, Li C, Zhang X, Zhang H, Tang J, Dong Y. Modeling of NO mass transfer characteristics absorbed in sodium persulfate solution with a bubble reactor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37128141 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2023.2206354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sodium persulfate solution is considered as an effective wet denitrification medium, however, it is unclear that the influence of the operating conditions on mass transfer characteristics parameters during the absorption of NO with sodium persulfate solution. To determine the key mass transfer characteristics parameters, the specific interfacial area a and the mass transfer coefficients kL, kG, were determined based on the Danckwerts method during CO2 absorption in a bubble column. kL, kG and a were calculated by correlations between the mass transfer coefficients of NO and CO2. Results showed that the specific interfacial area increased 77.64 m-1, the liquid phase mass transfer coefficient increased 2.49 × 10-4 m·s-1, and the gas phase mass transfer coefficient increased 0.71 × 10-5 mol·Pa-1·s-1·m-2 with superficial gas velocity increasing from 0.6 to 1.4 L·min-1. With the temperature of sodium persulfate solution increasing from 293 to 333 K, the specific interfacial area decreased 42.66 m-1, while the liquid phase mass transfer coefficient and the gas phase mass transfer coefficient increased 3.89 × 10-4 m·s-1 and 1.18 × 10-5 mol·Pa-1·s-1·m-2, respectively. The experiments results determined the correlations of a, kL, and kG with the temperature of the absorption phase and the superficial velocity of the gas. It can serve as a guide to the enhancement of the sodium persulfate wet denitrification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- National Engineering Lab for Coal-fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chang Li
- National Engineering Lab for Coal-fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- National Engineering Lab for Coal-fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- National Engineering Lab for Coal-fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiyun Tang
- National Engineering Lab for Coal-fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- School of Energy and Control Engineering, Changji University, Changji, China
| | - Yong Dong
- National Engineering Lab for Coal-fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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6
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Tan L, Yang Q, Peng L, Xie C, Luo K, Zhou L. Molecular engineering-based a dual-responsive fluorescent sensor for sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide detecting in acid rain and its imaging studies in biosystems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:128947. [PMID: 35472539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitric oxide (NO), known as sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, are toxic air pollutants and seriously threaten human health. Herein, for the first time, a robust dual-response fluorescent sensor CGT with two different emission fluorophores and dual well-known response-group for visual bisulphites (HSO3-) and nitrites (NO2-) detection was reported. Specifically, once CGT was incubated with HSO3- firstly, the color of the test solution changed to dark yellow with no-fluorescence emission, following added NO2-, the color of the test solution changed to yellow with a bright cyan emission. However, NO2- was added firstly, the color of the test solution changed to dark purple with a white emission, and then added HSO3-, the color of the test solution changed to yellow with a bright cyan emission. Furthermore, CGT showed high sensitivity and selectivity toward HSO3- and NO2- detecting with good detection limits as low as 20.17 nM and 4.14 nM, respectively. Impressively, CGT showed good detection capability in complex aqueous samples and was successfully used for the detection of HSO3- and NO2- in biosystems. Thus, the experimental results indicated CGT as a powerful novel visual detecting tool for HSO3- and NO2- detecting in complex acid rain and biosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Tan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Qiaomei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Longpeng Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Can Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Kun Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Liyi Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China.
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Liu A, Wang L, Wu J, Xiao L, Jiang X, Wang L, Ma L, Wang H. Simultaneous Removal of SO 2 and NO from the Flue Gas of Marine Ships with a Gas Cyclone–Liquid Jet Absorption Separator. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anlin Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liwang Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiwei Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Flue Gas Desulfurization, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lingyu Xiao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Flue Gas Desulfurization, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liang Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Flue Gas Desulfurization, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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Yao M, Ma Y, Liu L, Qin C, Huang H, Zhang Z, Liang C, Yao S. Efficient Separation and Recovery of Petroleum Hydrocarbon from Oily Sludge by a Combination of Adsorption and Demulsification. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7504. [PMID: 35886851 PMCID: PMC9318137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of oily sludge (OS) can not only effectively solve environmental pollution but also contribute to the efficient use of energy. In this study, the separation effect of OS was analyzed through sodium lignosulfonate (SL)-assisted sodium persulfate (S/D) treatment. The effects of SL concentration, pH, temperature, solid-liquid ratio, revolving speed, and time on SL adsorption solubilization were analyzed. The effects of sodium persulfate dosage, demulsification temperature, and demulsification time on sodium persulfate oxidative demulsification were analyzed. The oil removal efficiency was as high as 91.28%. The results showed that the sediment was uniformly and finely distributed in the S/D-treated OS. The contact angle of the sediment surface was 40°, and the initial apparent viscosity of the OS was 56 Pa·s. First, the saturated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons on the sediment surface were adsorbed by the monolayer adsorption on SL. Stubborn, cohesive oil agglomerates were dissociated. Sulfate radical anion (SO4-·) with a high oxidation potential, was formed from sodium persulfate. The oxidation reaction occurred between SO4-· and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. A good three-phase separation effect was attained. The oil recovery reached 89.65%. This provides theoretical support for the efficient clean separation of oily sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chengrong Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.Y.); (Y.M.); (L.L.); (H.H.); (Z.Z.); (C.L.)
| | | | | | | | - Shuangquan Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.Y.); (Y.M.); (L.L.); (H.H.); (Z.Z.); (C.L.)
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