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Ding C, Ding Z, Liu Q, Liu W, Chai L. Advances in mechanism for the microbial transformation of heavy metals: implications for bioremediation strategies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39364540 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03722g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals are extensively discharged through various anthropogenic activities, resulting in an environmental risk on a global scale. In this case, microorganisms can survive in an extreme heavy metal-contaminated environment via detoxification or resistance, playing a pivotal role in the speciation, bioavailability, and mobility of heavy metals. Therefore, studies on the mechanism for the microbial transformation of heavy metals are of great importance and can provide guidance for heavy metal bioremediation. Current research studies on the microbial transformation of heavy metals mainly focus on the single oxidation, reduction and methylation pathways. However, complex microbial transformation processes and corresponding bioremediation strategies have never been clarified, which may involve the inherent physicochemical properties of heavy metals. To uncover the underlying mechanism, we reclassified heavy metals into three categories based on their biological transformation pathways, namely, metals that can be chelated, reduced or oxidized, and methylated. Firstly, we comprehensively characterized the difference in transmembrane pathways between heavy metal cations and anions. Further, biotransformation based on chelation by low-molecular-weight organic complexes is thoroughly discussed. Moreover, the progress and knowledge gaps in the microbial redox and (de)methylation mechanisms are discussed to establish a connection linking theoretical advancements with solutions to the heavy metal contamination problem. Finally, several efficient bioremediation strategies for heavy metals and the limitations of bioremediation are proposed. This review presents a solid contribution to the design of efficient microbial remediation strategies applied in the real environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlian Ding
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Zihan Ding
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Qingcai Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Weizao Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Liyuan Chai
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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2
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Xia L, Cheng L, Xi W, Zhang X, Shi X. Distinct influence of model electron shuttles on anaerobic mononitrophenols reduction in aquatic environments by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135348. [PMID: 39079298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The environmental fate and risks of mononitrophenols (mono-NPs), the simplest nitrophenols (NPs) often found in aquatic environments, are profoundly influenced by anaerobic bioreduction and co-existing electron shuttles (ESs), but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Here, we elucidate the pathways of anaerobic mono-NPs bioreduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and assess the effect of model ESs on these processes. We found that all three mono-NPs isomers could be readily reduced to their corresponding aminophenols by S. oneidensis MR-1 under anaerobic conditions. CymA, a core component of the Mtr respiratory pathway, performs a dynamic role in these bioreduction, which is highly dependent on the bioreduction kinetics. The exogenous addition of quinones was found to accelerate the mono-NPs bioreduction through interactions with key outer-membrane proteins (e.g., OmcA and MtrC), and all these processes matched well to linear free energy relationships (LFERs). Surprisingly, adding riboflavin did not influence the bioreduction of all three mono-NPs isomers, which may be due to the contribution of OmcA and MtrC to these bioreduction processes and their downregulated expression. This study enhances our understanding of the environmental fate of mono-NPs and their bioconversion processes, providing valuable insights for the bioremediation of nitrophenol-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisong Xia
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Wenni Xi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xiliang Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xianyang Shi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
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Zhong X, Zhang G, Huang J, Chen L, Shi Y, Wang D, Zheng Q, Su H, Li X, Wang C, Zhang J, Guo L. Effects of Intestinal Microbiota on the Biological Transformation of Arsenic in Zebrafish: Contribution and Mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2247-2259. [PMID: 38179619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Both the gut microbiome and their host participate in arsenic (As) biotransformation, while their exact roles and mechanisms in vivo remain unclear and unquantified. In this study, as3mt-/- zebrafish were treated with tetracycline (TET, 100 mg/L) and arsenite (iAsIII) exposure for 30 days and treated with probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG, 1 × 108 cfu/g) and iAsIII exposure for 15 days, respectively. Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that the contribution rates of the intestinal microbiome to the total arsenic (tAs) and inorganic As (iAs) metabolism approached 44.0 and 18.4%, respectively. Compared with wild-type, in as3mt-/- zebrafish, microbial richness and structure were more significantly correlated with tAs and iAs, and more differential microbes and microbial metabolic pathways significantly correlated with arsenic metabolites (P < 0.05). LGG supplement influenced the microbial communities, significantly up-regulated the expressions of genes related to As biotransformation (gss and gst) in the liver, down-regulated the expressions of oxidative stress genes (sod1, sod2, and cat) in the intestine, and increased arsenobetaine concentration (P < 0.05). Therefore, gut microbiome promotes As transformation and relieves As accumulation, playing more active roles under iAs stress when the host lacks key arsenic detoxification enzymes. LGG can promote As biotransformation and relieve oxidative stress under As exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zhong
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University & Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Disease, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Public Health Laboratory Science, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Zhanjiang 524045, PR China
| | - Guiwei Zhang
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jieliang Huang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Public Health Laboratory Science, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Linkang Chen
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Public Health Laboratory Science, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yingying Shi
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Public Health Laboratory Science, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Dongbin Wang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Public Health Laboratory Science, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Qiuyi Zheng
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Public Health Laboratory Science, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Hongtian Su
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Public Health Laboratory Science, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University & Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Disease, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Public Health Laboratory Science, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Chunchun Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University & Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Disease, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University & Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Disease, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Lianxian Guo
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Public Health Laboratory Science, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
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Rao G, Qiao B, Zhong G, Li T, Su Q, Wu S, Tang Z, Hu L. Arsenic and polystyrene-nano plastics co-exposure induced testicular toxicity: Triggers oxidative stress and promotes apoptosis and inflammation in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:264-276. [PMID: 37705229 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Co-existing of polystyrene-nano plastics (PSNPs) and arsenic (As) in the environment caused a horrendous risk to human health. However, the potential mechanism of PSNPs and As combination induced testicular toxicity in mammals has not been elucidated. Therefore, we first explore the testicular toxicity and the potential mechanism in male Kunming mice exposed to As or/and PSNPs. Results revealed that compared to the As or PSNPs group, the combined group showed more significant testicular toxicity. Specifically, As and PSNPs combination induced irregular spermatozoa array and blood-testis barrier disruption. Simultaneously, As and PSNPs co-exposure also exacerbated oxidative stress, including increasing the MDA content, and down-regulating expression of Nrf-2, HO-1, SOD-1, and Trx. PSNPs and As combination also triggered testicular apoptosis, containing changes in apoptotic factors (P53, Bax, Bcl-2, Cytc, Caspase-8, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3). Furthermore, co-exposed to As and PSNPs aggravated inflammatory damage characterized by targeted phosphorylation of NF-κB and degradation of I-κB. In summary, our results strongly confirmed As + PSNPs co-exposure induced the synergistic toxicity of testis through excessive oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation, which could offer a new sight into the mechanism of environmental pollutants co-exposure induced male reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Rao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Canine Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Guangzhou General Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoxin Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaolong Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaofeng Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhao D, Jiao S, Yi H. Arsenic exposure induces small intestinal toxicity in mice by barrier damage and inflammation response via activating RhoA/ROCK and TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB signaling pathways. Toxicol Lett 2023; 384:44-51. [PMID: 37442281 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that arsenic (As) is an important hazardous metalloid that is commonly considered to have systemic toxicity. The main pathway of arsenic exposure is oral; however, many of the events that occur during its passage through the gastrointestinal tract are unclear, and there are few reports on the effect of arsenic on small intestinal mucosal barrier. This study aimed to investigate arsenic-induced mucosal barrier damage in the small intestine of mice induced by oral exposure and its potential mechanisms. In the present study, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses showed that arsenic-treated mice exhibited signs of irregularly arranged and atrophied small intestinal villi, reduced villus lengths, inflammatory cells infiltration, along with up-regulated expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the small intestine of mice. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was also increased in As-exposed mice. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis demonstrated that intestinal epithelial tight junctions (TJs) were impaired in the small intestines of mice in As group. In addition, arsenic down-regulated mRNA levels of TJ-related genes (ZO-1, ZO-2, occludin, claudin-1, and claudin-7) and protein levels of ZO-1, occludin and claudin-1 were significantly reduced in arsenic-treated groups, while arsenic also increased levels of TLR4, Myd88, NF-κB, RhoA, and ROCK mRNA and protein expression. In summary, these results indicate that the small intestine toxicity in mice evoked by arsenic was correlated with the activation of TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB and RhoA/ROCK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyu Zhao
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi Province, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Siwei Jiao
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Huilan Yi
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi Province, China.
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Dabbaghi MM, Fadaei MS, Soleimani Roudi H, Baradaran Rahimi V, Askari VR. A review of the biological effects of Myrtus communis. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15770. [PMID: 37464095 PMCID: PMC10354007 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization stated that 1.6 million deaths worldwide were caused by contact with chemicals and toxins in 2019. In the same year, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention stated that natural toxins caused 3960 deaths. Myrtus communis, also known as common Myrtle, is a flowering plant native to the Mediterranean region. Myrtle has been traditionally used to treat diarrhea, inflammation, bleeding, headache, pulmonary and skin diseases. This review was performed to assess Myrtle's protective and therapeutic efficacy against various chemical, natural, and radiational noxious. Multiple databases such as PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Scopus were investigated without publication time limitation. Recent studies have demonstrated its potential as a protective agent against both natural and chemical toxins. One of Myrtle's most significant protective properties is its high antioxidant content. Studies have shown that the antioxidant properties of Myrtle can protect against harmful substances such as heavy metals, pesticides, and other environmental toxins. Additionally, Myrtle has anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce the damage caused by long-term exposure to toxins. The anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of Myrtle have also proven effective in alleviating gastrointestinal conditions such as gastric ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Dabbaghi
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saleh Fadaei
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hesan Soleimani Roudi
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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7
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Mohsin H, Shafique M, Zaid M, Rehman Y. Microbial biochemical pathways of arsenic biotransformation and their application for bioremediation. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023:10.1007/s12223-023-01068-6. [PMID: 37326815 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a ubiquitous toxic metalloid, the concentration of which is beyond WHO safe drinking water standards in many areas of the world, owing to many natural and anthropogenic activities. Long-term exposure to arsenic proves lethal for plants, humans, animals, and even microbial communities in the environment. Various sustainable strategies have been developed to mitigate the harmful effects of arsenic which include several chemical and physical methods, however, bioremediation has proved to be an eco-friendly and inexpensive technique with promising results. Many microbes and plant species are known for arsenic biotransformation and detoxification. Arsenic bioremediation involves different pathways such as uptake, accumulation, reduction, oxidation, methylation, and demethylation. Each of these pathways has a certain set of genes and proteins to carry out the mechanism of arsenic biotransformation. Based on these mechanisms, various studies have been conducted for arsenic detoxification and removal. Genes specific for these pathways have also been cloned in several microorganisms to enhance arsenic bioremediation. This review discusses different biochemical pathways and the associated genes which play important roles in arsenic redox reactions, resistance, methylation/demethylation, and accumulation. Based on these mechanisms, new methods can be developed for effective arsenic bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hareem Mohsin
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maria Shafique
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaid
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Rehman
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Liu H, Hong Z, Lin J, Huang D, Ma LQ, Xu J, Dai Z. Bacterial coculture enhanced Cd sorption and As bioreduction in co-contaminated systems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 444:130376. [PMID: 36423454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial interactions that regulate Cd sorption and As bioreduction in co-contaminated systems are poorly understood. We isolated two bacterial strains, i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus licheniformis from a Cd and As co-contaminated soil and compared the effects of monoculture and coculture on microbial Cd sorption and As bioreduction efficiency in the media with different Cd (0, 0.5, 5, 10, 50, 100 mg/L) and As(Ⅴ) (0, 90 mg/L) concentrations. Compared with monoculture, the bacterial coculture increased the Cd sorption efficiency by up to 32% and the As bioreduction (As(Ⅴ) to As(Ⅲ)) efficiency by up to 28%, associated with the increased abundance of As reduction gene arsB. Based on SEM-TEM and metabolomics, the enhanced efficiency was attributed to bacterial interactions, supported by the differential secretion of extracellular polymeric substances. Notably, the differential lipids and lipid-like molecules, and organoheterocyclic compounds resulted from bacterial interactions compared to monoculture exhibited the highest Cd sorption and As bioreduction. The increased efficiencies by bacterial coculture were verified by soil incubation experiments. These results provide insight on applying specific bacterial coculture and their metabolites to enhance Cd sorption and As bioreduction in effective and sustainable remediation of co-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiting Liu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiqi Hong
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiahui Lin
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dan Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Lena Q Ma
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; The Rural Development Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhongmin Dai
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; The Rural Development Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Yan Z, Liu C, Liu Y, Tan X, Li X, Shi Y, Ding C. The interaction of ZnO nanoparticles, Cr(VI), and microorganisms triggers a novel ROS scavenging strategy to inhibit microbial Cr(VI) reduction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130375. [PMID: 36444067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cr(VI) contaminated water usually contains other contaminants like engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). During the process of microbial treatment, the inevitable interaction of Cr(VI), ENMs, and microorganisms probably determines the efficiency of Cr(VI) biotransformation, however, the corresponding information remains elusive. This study investigated the interaction of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), Cr(VI), and Pannonibacter phragmitetus BB (hereafter BB), which changed the process of microbial Cr(VI) reduction. ZnO NPs inhibited Cr(VI) reduction, but had no effect on bacterial viability. In particular, Cr(VI) induced BB to produce organic acids and to drive Zn2+ dissolution from ZnO NPs inside and outside of cells. The dissolved Zn2+ not only promoted Cr(VI) reduction to Cr(V)/Cr(IV) by strengthening sugar metabolism and inducing increase in NAD(P)H production, but also hindered Cr(V)/Cr(IV) transformation to Cr(III) through down-regulating Cr(VI) reductase genes. A novel bacterial driven ROS scavenging mechanism leading to the inhibition of Cr(VI) reduction was elucidated. Specifically, the accumulated Cr(VI) and Cr(V)/Cr(IV) formed a redox dynamic equilibrium, which triggered the disproportionation of superoxide radicals mimicking superoxide dismutase through the flip-flop of Cr(VI) and Cr(V)/Cr(IV) in bacterial cells. This study provided a realistic insight into design the applicability of biological remediation technology for Cr(VI) contaminant and evaluating environmental risks of ENMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Yan
- School of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Chenrui Liu
- School of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Yun Liu
- School of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Tan
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 410083 Changsha, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 410083 Changsha, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, 410083 Changsha, China; National Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metals Pollution Control and Treatment, 410083 Changsha, China.
| | - Chunlian Ding
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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10
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Aeromonas sobria as a potential candidate for bioremediation of heavy metal from contaminated environments. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21235. [PMID: 36481784 PMCID: PMC9732040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The uncontrolled discharge of industrial wastes causes the accumulation of high heavy metal concentrations in soil and water, leading to many health issues. In the present study, a Gram-negative Aeromonas sobria was isolated from heavily contaminated soil in the Tanjaro area, southwest of Sulaymaniyah city in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq; then, we assessed its ability to uptake heavy metals. A. sobria was molecularly identified based on the partial amplification of 16S rRNA using novel primers. The sequence was aligned with 33 strains to analyze phylogenetic relationships by maximum likelihood. Based on maximum tolerance concentration (MTC), A. sobria could withstand Zn, Cu, and Ni at concentrations of 5, 6, and 8 mM, respectively. ICP-OES data confirmed that A. sobria reduced 54.89% (0.549 mM) of the Cu, 62.33% (0.623 mM) of the Ni, and 36.41% (0.364 mM) of the Zn after 72 h in the culture medium. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that A. sobria accumulated both Cu and Ni, whereas biosorption was suggested for the Zn. These findings suggest that metal-resistant A. sobria could be a promising candidate for heavy metal bioremediation in polluted areas. However, more broadly, research is required to assess the feasibility of exploiting A. sobria in situ.
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Xiao M, Li R, Hu X, Zhu W, Yu Z, Xiao H, Wang W, Yang T. Construction of in-situ carbon-doped TiO2 decorated Fe3O4 heterojunction and their enhanced photocatalytic oxidation of As(III) under visible light. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Wu Q, Jiang X, Wu H, Zou L, Wang L, Shi J. Effects and Mechanisms of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles with Regard to Arsenic Availability in Soil-Rice Systems: Adsorption Behavior and Microbial Response. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:8142-8154. [PMID: 35654440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are widely used as fungicides in agriculture. Arsenic (As) is a ubiquitous contaminant in paddy soil. The present study was focused on the adsorption behavior of CuO NPs with regard to As as well as the characteristics of the microbial community changes in As-contaminated soil-rice systems in response to CuO NPs. The study found that CuO NPs could be a temporary sink of As in soil; a high dose of CuO NPs promoted the release of As from crystalline iron oxide, which increased the As content in the liquid phase. The study also found that the As bioavailability changed significantly when the dose of CuO NPs was higher than 50 mg kg-1 in the soil-rice system. The addition of 100 mg kg-1 CuO NPs increased the microbial diversity and the abundance of genes involved in As cycling, decreased the abundance of Fe(III)-reducing bacteria and sulfate-reducing genes, and decreased As accumulation in grains. Treatment with 500 mg kg-1 CuO NPs increased the abundance of Fe(III)-reducing bacteria and sulfate-reducing genes, decreased Fe plaques, and increased As accumulation in rice. The adverse effects of CuO NPs on crops and associated risks need to be considered carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhua Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaohan Jiang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hanxin Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lina Zou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lubin Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiyan Shi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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13
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Li Y, Liu K, Mao R, Liu B, Cheng L, Shi X. Unveiling the chemotactic response and mechanism of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 to nitrobenzene. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 431:128629. [PMID: 35278967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioreduction by electroactive bacteria (EAB) is considered as a potential and cost-effective approach for the removal of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs). However, little is known about how the widespread EAB sense and respond to slightly soluble NACs in aquatic environments. Here, the chemotactic behaviors of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, a model EAB, toward several NACs were examined and their underlying molecular mechanism was elucidated. S. oneidensis MR-1 was found to exhibit a strong chemotactic response to nitrobenzene (NB), but not to other selected NACs under aerobic conditions. To sense NB, this bacterium requires both the histidine kinase (CheA-3)-involved chemotactic signal transduction pathway and an inner-membrane c-type cytochrome CymA. Such a chemotactic response is mediated by an energy taxis mechanism. Additionally, external riboflavin was shown to greatly enhance the Shewanella taxis toward NB, implying a feasible way to increase the bioavailability of NACs. The present study deepens our understanding of the role of microbial chemotaxis in the removal of NACs and provides more options for the bioremediation of NAC-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Rongrong Mao
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Boya Liu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Xianyang Shi
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
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14
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Yang K, Ren S, Mei M, Jin Y, Xiang W, Shi Z, Ai Z, Yi L, Xie B. Removal of antibiotic thiamphenicol by bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila HS01. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:37. [PMID: 35018528 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thiamphenicol (TAP) is an amphenicol antibiotic, which has a broad-spectrum inhibitory effect on both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Since it is widely used in animals and aquaculture, its residues in environment may bring potential risk for human health and ecosystems. While TAP can be removed through conventional physical or chemical methods, its bioremediation using microorganisms is less studied. Here, we report the removal of TAP by a bacterial strain, Aeromonas hydrophila HS01, which can remove more than 90.0% of TAP in a living cell-dependent manner. Our results indicated that its removal efficiency can be greatly affected by the growth condition. Proteomics studies revealed a number of differentially expressed proteins of HS01 in the presence of TAP, which may play critical roles in the transportation and degradation of TAP. All these results indicate bacterial strain A. hydrophila HS01 is a new microbial resource for efficiently removing TAP, and may shed new insights in developing bioremediation approaches for TAP pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Sanguo Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Meng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yuanpei Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Zunji Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Zhihui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Bo Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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15
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Wu J, Liu DF, Li HH, Min D, Liu JQ, Xu P, Li WW, Yu HQ, Zhu YG. Controlling pathogenic risks of water treatment biotechnologies at the source by genetic editing means. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:7578-7590. [PMID: 34837302 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in the environment and wastewater treatment systems, many of which are also important pollutant degraders and are difficult to control by traditional disinfection approaches, have become an unprecedented treat to ecological security and human health. Here, we propose the adoption of genetic editing techniques as a highly targeted, efficient and simple tool to control the risks of environmental pathogens at the source. An 'all-in-one' plasmid system was constructed in Aeromonas hydrophila to accurately identify and selectively inactivate multiple key virulence factor genes and antibiotic resistance genes via base editing, enabling significantly suppressed bacterial virulence and resistance without impairing their normal phenotype and pollutant-degradation functions. Its safe application for bioaugmented treatment of synthetic textile wastewater was also demonstrated. This genetic-editing technique may offer a promising solution to control the health risks of environmental microorganisms via targeted gene inactivation, thereby facilitating safer application of water treatment biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,University of Science and Technology of China-City University of Hong Kong Joint Advanced Research Center, Suzhou Institute for Advance Research of USTC, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Dong-Feng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Sewage Purification and Ecological Rehabilitation Materials, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Hui-Hui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Di Min
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jia-Qi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Peng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wen-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,University of Science and Technology of China-City University of Hong Kong Joint Advanced Research Center, Suzhou Institute for Advance Research of USTC, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Zhong G, Wan F, Lan J, Jiang X, Wu S, Pan J, Tang Z, Hu L. Arsenic exposure induces intestinal barrier damage and consequent activation of gut-liver axis leading to inflammation and pyroptosis of liver in ducks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147780. [PMID: 34022569 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is an important hazardous metalloid commonly found in polluted soil, rivers and groundwater. However, few studies exist regarding the effect of arsenic trioxide (ATO) on the gut-liver axis and consequent hepatotoxicity in waterfowl. Here, we investigated the influence of ATO on duck intestines and livers, and explored the role of the gut-liver axis in ATO-induced hepatotoxicity and intestinal toxicity. Our results demonstrated that ATO-exposure induced intestinal damage, liver inflammatory cell infiltration and vesicle steatosis. Additionally, the intestinal microbiota community in ATO-exposed ducks displayed significantly decreased α-diversity and an altered bacterial composition. Moreover, ATO-exposure markedly reduced the expression of intestinal barrier-related proteins (Claudin-1, MUC2, ZO-1 and Occludin), resulting in increased intestinal permeability and elevated lipopolysaccharide levels. Simultaneously, ATO-exposure also upregulated pyroptosis-related index levels in the liver and jejunum, and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-18, and IL-1β). Our further mechanistic studies showed that ATO-induced liver and jejunum inflammation were provoked by the activation of the LPS/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome. In summary, these results manifested that ATO exposure can cause liver and jejunal inflammation and pyroptosis, and the indirect gut-liver axis pathway may play an essential role in the potential mechanism of ATO-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaolong Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Fang Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Juan Lan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xuanxuan Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Shaofeng Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jiaqiang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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17
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Herrera C, Moraga R, Bustamante B, Vilo C, Aguayo P, Valenzuela C, Smith CT, Yáñez J, Guzmán-Fierro V, Roeckel M, Campos VL. Characterization of Arsenite-Oxidizing Bacteria Isolated from Arsenic-Rich Sediments, Atacama Desert, Chile. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030483. [PMID: 33668956 PMCID: PMC7996500 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As), a semimetal toxic for humans, is commonly associated with serious health problems. The most common form of massive and chronic exposure to As is through consumption of contaminated drinking water. This study aimed to isolate an As resistant bacterial strain to characterize its ability to oxidize As (III) when immobilized in an activated carbon batch bioreactor and to evaluate its potential to be used in biological treatments to remediate As contaminated waters. The diversity of bacterial communities from sediments of the As-rich Camarones River, Atacama Desert, Chile, was evaluated by Illumina sequencing. Dominant taxonomic groups (>1%) isolated were affiliated with Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. A high As-resistant bacterium was selected (Pseudomonas migulae VC-19 strain) and the presence of aio gene in it was investigated. Arsenite detoxification activity by this bacterial strain was determined by HPLC/HG/AAS. Particularly when immobilized on activated carbon, P. migulae VC-19 showed high rates of As(III) conversion (100% oxidized after 36 h of incubation). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a P. migulae arsenite oxidizing strain that is promising for biotechnological application in the treatment of arsenic contaminated waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Herrera
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (C.H.); (B.B.); (C.V.); (P.A.); (C.V.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Ruben Moraga
- Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Arturo Prat University, Iquique 1100000, Chile
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Brian Bustamante
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (C.H.); (B.B.); (C.V.); (P.A.); (C.V.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Claudia Vilo
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (C.H.); (B.B.); (C.V.); (P.A.); (C.V.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Paulina Aguayo
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (C.H.); (B.B.); (C.V.); (P.A.); (C.V.); (C.T.S.)
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile
- Institute of Natural Resources, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Concepcion, Campus El Boldal, Av. Alessandri N°1160, Concepcion 4090940, Chile
| | - Cristian Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (C.H.); (B.B.); (C.V.); (P.A.); (C.V.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Carlos T. Smith
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (C.H.); (B.B.); (C.V.); (P.A.); (C.V.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Jorge Yáñez
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Department of Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile;
| | - Victor Guzmán-Fierro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (V.G.-F.); (M.R.)
| | - Marlene Roeckel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (V.G.-F.); (M.R.)
| | - Víctor L. Campos
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (C.H.); (B.B.); (C.V.); (P.A.); (C.V.); (C.T.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (V.L.C.)
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