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Liu C, Yue Z, Ma D, Li K, Xie Z, Zhang T, Wang J. Effect of hydrothermal carbonization on pyrolysis behavior, nutrients and metal species distribution in municipal sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 399:130524. [PMID: 38492652 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of hydrothermal carbonation (HTC) on the pyrolysis behavior and the distribution of nutrients and metal species of waste-activated sludge (WAS) was investigated. Results showed that the pyrolysis activation energy range of WAS decreased from 11 to 57 kJ/mol to 10-36 kJ/mol when the hydrothermal carbonization was at 160 °C. As indicated by thermodynamic parameters, the hydrothermal carbonization process reduces the pyrolysis reaction activity of the hydrochar. The results of the chemical analysis indicate that hydrothermal carbonization significantly enhances the release of phosphorus and nitrogen, with maximum recovery at a temperature of 200 °C. The standard measurement and testing protocol revealed that hydrothermal carbonization increased the content of non-apatite inorganic P fraction in hydrochar and enhanced the availability of P. Heavy metal analysis shows that hydrothermal carbonization can strengthen the stability of heavy metals in WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhao Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Zhengbo Yue
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China.
| | - Ding Ma
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Keyu Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Zhilin Xie
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Tianqin Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
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Xu C, Yu H, Zhang S, Shen C, Ma C, Wang J, Li F. Cleaner production evaluation system for textile industry: An empirical study from LCA perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169632. [PMID: 38171459 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The contradiction between the rapid textile expansion and intensive energy consumption, highly environmental pollution calls for the adoption of cleaner production (CP). However, current evaluation system mainly targeted on CP at production stage, guidance and support on the life cycle assessment is still in its infancy. Meanwhile few studies brought the combination of water conservation and carbon reduction into considerations. This study compared the existing CP evaluation systems including guidelines for the whole industry, standards for textile industry and indicators for the dyeing and finishing sector by quantifying the differences of indicator score compositions. Comparisons analysis from six aspects suggested that all the evaluation systems had relevant indicators regarding "pollutant emissions". "Management", "process equipment and techniques" and "resource and energy consumption" have also been well concerned while "product characteristic" seemed to be overlooked at current stage. From the perspective of whole life cycle, the key of textile processing is the "printing and dyeing" (44.23 %) followed by "fabric manufacturing"(28.85 %) and setting (15.38 %). With regards to the environmental impacts, resources depletion gained the highest attention since their indicator scores reached up to 25.71 %, 18.47 % and 20.62 % for EMAS, ERG 2018 and HJ-1852006. Cleaner production awareness and social impact also played significant roles in ISO 14031:2021 and WMG. Subsequently, a set of new comprehensive CP evaluation indicator system was established, including 3 scopes and 7 goals. The newly-built indicator system incorporated with life cycle perspectives gave a powerful tool to measure the CP level in textile industry and of CP will benefit from water reuse and energy utilization with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenye Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hang Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chensi Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chunyan Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ju Wang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Fang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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3
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Zhong J, Zhu W, Mu B, Sun J, Wang X, Lin N, Cao J. Improved solid/liquid separation performance of hydrochar from sludge via hydrothermal carbonization. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119182. [PMID: 37806276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
A solid-liquid separation process is crucial for the utilization of hydrochar from biomasses through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). This study aimed to evaluate the separation performance of hydrochar from coking sludge (CS) and municipal sludge (MS) via HTC and propose its mechanistic insights. The results indicated that the separation performance of hydrochar was enhanced, and relatively severe hydrothermal temperatures exerted a relatively stronger dewatering effect (53.25% and 77.05% reductions in the total water contents in CS and MS, respectively) and a superior separation efficiency (the specific resistance to filtration of products obtained from CS and MS decreased form 7.21 × 1011 and 2.46 × 1012 to 1.92 × 1010 m/kg and 2.14 × 1011 m/kg, respectively). Mechanism investigation involved analyzing the surface functional groups of hydrochar and changes in organic components. It was demonstrated that the improvement in dewatering effect predominantly resulted from the release of bound water due to the decomposition of carbohydrates and proteins. Specifically, the release of bound water depended on the decomposition of carbohydrates at 180 °C, while it relied on the decomposition of proteins in the 210-300 °C range. Compared with particle size, the hydrophilicity of the particle played a more important role in improving the separation efficiency. The HTC reaction eliminated hydrophilic groups, such as hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, and induced the formation of aromatic structures, thus reducing the hydrophilicity of hydrochar particles. Moreover, it was found that the lower heating value of hydrochar from CS and MS increased from 3.51 to 1.94 to 8.32 and 4.60 MJ/kg due to the improvement of the separation efficiency. These comprehensive findings provide valuable mechanistic insights into the solid-liquid separation process and controlling the dewaterability of hydrochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhong
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Wei Zhu
- Center for Taihu Basin, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Biao Mu
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Jipeng Sun
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Naixi Lin
- Center for Taihu Basin, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Jun Cao
- Center for Taihu Basin, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
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Zhong J, Zhu W, Wang X, Sun J, Mu B, Xu Y, Li G. Effect mechanism of iron conversion on adsorption performance of hydrochar derived from coking sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165427. [PMID: 37451467 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Fe conversion during hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of coking sludge were investigated, and the effect mechanism of Fe component on the adsorption performance of coking sludge hydrochar (CHC) was explored. The results showed that after HTC treatment, more than 95 % of Fe remained in the CHC. Fe3+ was reduced to Fe2+ by sugar and amino acids. Fe was stabilized during the HTC process and was still predominantly in the Fe manganese oxidation state. The CHC prepared at 270 °C exhibited excellent adsorption capacities for Congo red (CR), tetracycline (TC), and Cr (VI). Their maximum adsorption capacities were 140.85, 147.06, and 19.92 mg/g, respectively. Quantitative adsorption mechanism experiments, XRD and VSM characterization revealed that Fe component played a significant role in adsorption, and CHC with more Fe3O4 exhibited better adsorption capacity. The results of the XPS characterization of CHC before and after adsorption showed that Fe3O4 provided rich Fe adsorption sites on the surface of CHC to strengthen the adsorption efficiency of pollutants through Fe3+/Fe2+ reduction and complexation of Fe-O/N. In addition, the formed Fe3O4 also imparted CHC with magnetic properties (Ms = 4.12 emu/g) to facilitate the subsequent separation and recovery. These results demonstrated that the prepared CHC has great potential for treating actual wastewater containing CR and TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhong
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Center for Taihu Basin, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Jipeng Sun
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Biao Mu
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Yucheng Xu
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Guorui Li
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
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Li J, Lin F, Yu H, Tong X, Cheng Z, Yan B, Song Y, Chen G, Hou L, Crittenden JC. Biochar-Assisted Catalytic Pyrolysis of Oily Sludge to Attain Harmless Disposal and Residue Utilization for Soil Reclamation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7063-7073. [PMID: 37018050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis of oily sludge (OS) is a feasible technology to match the principle of reduction and recycling; however, it is difficult to confirm the feasible environmental destination and meet the corresponding requirements. Therefore, an integrated strategy of biochar-assisted catalytic pyrolysis (BCP) of OS and residue utilization for soil reclamation is investigated in this study. During the catalytic pyrolysis process, biochar as a catalyst intensifies the removal of recalcitrant petroleum hydrocarbons at the expense of liquid product yield. Concurrently, biochar as an adsorbent can inhibit the release of micromolecular gaseous pollutants (e.g. HCN, H2S, and HCl) and stabilize heavy metals. Due to the assistance of biochar, pyrolysis reactions of OS are more likely to occur and require a lower temperature to achieve the same situation. During the soil reclamation process, the obtained residue as a soil amendment can not only provide a carbon source and mineral nutrients but can also improve the abundance and diversity of microbial communities. Thus, it facilitates the plant germination and the secondary removal of petroleum hydrocarbons. The integrated strategy of BCP of OS and residue utilization for soil reclamation is a promising management strategy, which is expected to realize the coordinated and benign disposal of more than one waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Fawei Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hongdi Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Zhanjun Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yingjin Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, P. R. China
| | - Li'an Hou
- Xi'an High-Tech Institute, Xi'an 710025, P. R. China
| | - John C Crittenden
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Wang B, Lan J, Bo C, Gong B, Ou J. Adsorption of heavy metal onto biomass-derived activated carbon: review. RSC Adv 2023; 13:4275-4302. [PMID: 36760304 PMCID: PMC9891085 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07911a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the rapid development of the social economy and the massive increase in population, human beings continue to undertake processing, and commercial manufacturing activities of heavy metals, which has caused serious damage to the environment and human health. Heavy metals lead to serious environmental problems such as soil contamination and water pollution. Human health and the living environment are closely affected by the handling of heavy metals. Researchers must find several simple, economical and practical methods to adsorb heavy metals. Adsorption technology has been recognized as an efficient and economic strategy, exhibiting the advantages of recovering and reusing adsorbents. Biomass-derived activated carbon adsorbents offer large adjustable specific surface area, hierarchically porous structure, strong adsorption capacity, and excellent high economic applicability. This paper focuses on reviewing the preparation methods of biomass-derived activated carbon in the past five years. The application of representative biomass-derived activated carbon in the adsorption of heavy metals preferentially was described to optimize the critical parameters of the activation type of samples and process conditions. The key factors of the adsorbent, the physicochemical properties of the heavy metals, and the adsorption conditions affecting the adsorption of heavy metals are highlighted. In addition, the challenges faced by biomass-derived activated carbon are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoying Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University Yinchuan 750021 PR China
| | - Jingming Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University Yinchuan 750021 PR China
| | - Chunmiao Bo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University Yinchuan 750021 PR China
| | - Bolin Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University Yinchuan 750021 PR China
| | - Junjie Ou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University Yinchuan 750021 PR China .,CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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7
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Li M, Hu Y, Zhou N, Wang S, Sun F. Hydrothermal treatment coupled with pyrolysis and calcination for stabilization of electroplating sludge: Speciation transformation and environmental risk of heavy metals. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129539. [PMID: 35999723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electroplating sludge (ES) produced from treatment of electroplating wastewater is a hazardous waste due to its high content of heavy metals (HMs). This study investigates the feasibility of hydrothermal treatment (HT) coupled with pyrolysis and calcination as a method for safe disposal of ES by immobilizing the soluble fractions of target HMs in ES. The HMs before and after thermal processing were characterized to better understand their speciation transformation and environmental risk. Results showed that over 74% of HMs in ES were accumulated in the resulted solid residues and the other HMs were mainly released into the gas phase. The immobilization rates of HMs from the soluble fractions (F1 and F2) to stable fractions (F3 and F4) after the separate HT and HT coupled pyrolysis and calcination were up to 82.4%, 78.0% and 80.5%, respectively. HT coupled with high-temperature calcination outperformed HT in terms of converting low volatile HMs to stable residual speciations, such as Cu and Ni. HT coupled with pyrolysis showed the best effect in reducing the environmental risks of Cr. In terms of ecological risk index, the separate HT demonstrated an ideal immobilization effect and toxicity reduction for soluble fractions of HMs, especially for Zn and Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Li
- Institute of Thermal and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Liuhe Road 288#, 310023 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Hu
- Institute of Thermal and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Liuhe Road 288#, 310023 Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Carbon Neutral Innovation Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, 310024 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Nan Zhou
- Institute of Thermal and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Liuhe Road 288#, 310023 Hangzhou, China
| | - Shurong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38#, 310027 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Feifan Sun
- Institute of Thermal and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Liuhe Road 288#, 310023 Hangzhou, China
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Feng Y, Du H, Wulandari T, Poinern GEJ, Jiang ZT, Fawcett D, Hassan N, Xue L, Yang L. Hydrochar amendments stimulate soil nitrous oxide emission by increasing production of hydroxyl radicals and shifting nitrogen functional genes in the short term: A culture experiment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134771. [PMID: 35500635 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The application of waste biomass-derived hydrochar to soil may cause extremely intensive nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes that can challenge our current mechanistic understanding of the global nitrogen cycle in the biosphere. In this study, two waste biomasses were used to prepare cyanobacterial biomas-derived hydrochar (CHC) and wheat straw-derived hydrochar (SHC) for short-term incubation experiments to identify their effects and mechanisms of waste biomass-derived hydrochar on soil N2O efflux, with time-series samples collected for N2O efflux and soil analysis. The results showed that CHC and SHC caused short-term bursts of N2O effluxes without nitrogen inputs. Moreover, the enrichment of exogenous organics and nutrients at the hydrochar-soil interface was identified as the key factor for enhancing N2O fluxes, which stimulated microbial nitrification (i.e., increased gene copy number of ammonia oxidizing bacteria) and denitrification (i.e., increased gene copy number of nitrate and N2O reducing bacteria) processes. The concentrations of Fe (II) and hydroxyl radicals (HO•) were 6.49 and 5.63 times higher, respectively, in the hydrochar layer of CHC than SHC amendment. Furthermore, structural equation models demonstrated that HO•, as well as soil microbiomes, played an important role in driving N2O fluxes. Together, our findings provide a deeper insight into the assessment and prognosis of the short-term environmental risk arising from agricultural waste management in integrated agriculture. Further studies under practical field application conditions are warranted to verify the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Murdoch Applied Innovation Nanotechnology Research Group / Surface Analysis and Materials Engineering Research Group, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 5150, Australia
| | - Haiyan Du
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Triana Wulandari
- Murdoch Applied Innovation Nanotechnology Research Group / Surface Analysis and Materials Engineering Research Group, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 5150, Australia
| | - Gerrard Eddy Jai Poinern
- Murdoch Applied Innovation Nanotechnology Research Group / Surface Analysis and Materials Engineering Research Group, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 5150, Australia
| | - Zhong-Tao Jiang
- Murdoch Applied Innovation Nanotechnology Research Group / Surface Analysis and Materials Engineering Research Group, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 5150, Australia
| | - Derek Fawcett
- Murdoch Applied Innovation Nanotechnology Research Group / Surface Analysis and Materials Engineering Research Group, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 5150, Australia
| | - Naveed Hassan
- Murdoch Applied Innovation Nanotechnology Research Group / Surface Analysis and Materials Engineering Research Group, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 5150, Australia
| | - Lihong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Linzhang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
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9
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Karatas O, Khataee A, Kalderis D. Recent progress on the phytotoxic effects of hydrochars and toxicity reduction approaches. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 298:134357. [PMID: 35313162 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization of wet biomasses has been known to produce added-value materials for a wide range of applications. From catalyst substrates, to biofuels and soil amendments, hydrochars have distinct advantages to offer compared to conventional materials. With respect to the agricultural application of hydrochars, both positive and negative results have been reported. The presence of N, P and K in certain hydrochars is appealing and may contribute to the reduction of chemical fertilizer application. However, regardless of biomass, hydrothermal carbonization results in the production of phytotoxic organic compounds. Additionally, hydrochars from sewage sludge often contain heavy metal concentrations which exceed the regulatory limits set for agricultural use. This review critically discusses the phytotoxic aspects of hydrochar and provides an account of the substances commonly responsible for these. Furthermore, phytotoxicity reduction approaches are proposed and compared with each other, in view of field-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okan Karatas
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Turkey; Department of Environmental Engineering, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, 16310, Turkey
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Turkey; Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51666-16471, Iran
| | - Dimitrios Kalderis
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Chania, Crete, 73100, Greece.
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Zou H, Huang S, Ren M, Liu J, Evrendilek F, Xie W, Zhang G. Efficiency, by-product valorization, and pollution control of co-pyrolysis of textile dyeing sludge and waste solid adsorbents: Their atmosphere, temperature, and blend ratio dependencies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:152923. [PMID: 34999078 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to quantify the co-pyrolytic synergistic effects of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and waste biochar (WBC) for an optimal utilization of secondary resources and to mitigate environmental pollution and waste volume. TDS and WBC had a strong synergistic effect between 800 and 900 °C in the CO2-assisted atmosphere. With the increased TDS fraction, NH3 emission fell significantly regardless of the atmosphere type. The CO2 atmosphere changed S in TDS char and released SO2 in the range of 800-1000 °C. With the temperature rise, an unstable N structure turned into a more stable heterocyclic N structure in the CO2 and N2 atmospheres. Regardless of the atmosphere type and temperature, the C-containing functional groups in co-pyrolytic biochar existed mainly as C-C/C-H. In the CO2 atmosphere, inorganic S, aliphatic S, and thiophene S in the co-pyrolytic biochar disappeared and became more stable sulfones. The co-pyrolysis inhibited the formation of S-containing compounds. The retention ability of the co-pyrolytic biochar peaked for most of the heavy metals in the N2 atmosphere but was better for Pb and Zn in the CO2 than N2 atmosphere. Simultaneous optimization showed the co-pyrolysis of 10% TDS and 90% WBC at above 950 °C in the N2-CO2 or CO2 atmosphere as the optimal operational settings combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihuang Zou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shengzheng Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mingzhong Ren
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Jingyong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Fatih Evrendilek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14052, Turkey
| | - Wuming Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
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11
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Duan Y, Gao N, Sipra AT, Tong K, Quan C. Characterization of heavy metals and oil components in the products of oily sludge after hydrothermal treatment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127293. [PMID: 34600372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the method combining hydrothermal treatment (HT) and in-situ mechanical compression (MC) is used to treat oily sludge. The possible transfer and reaction pathways of different oil components during the process of HT&MC were investigated. In addition, the leaching toxicity, distribution, and risk of heavy metals in oily sludge treated in different temperatures and residence times were evaluated. The results revealed that siloxane and heavy oil components are left in the solid residue, and the light oils and oils with hydrophilic groups are transferred to hydrothermal fluids. The content of Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn in form of F4 (residual) in the solid residue obtained at a hydrothermal temperature of 240 °C and residence time of 60 min increased by 7.37%, 1.21%, 3.06%, and 9.97%. This reduced the biological availability and environmental risk of heavy metals in the treated oily sludge. Meanwhile, the result of FT-IR illustrated an increase in hydroxyl groups of alcohols, phenols and organic acids, which have a beneficial effect on the adsorption of heavy metals and other pollutants. All results indicated that HT&MC might be a suitable pretreatment method for the stabilization of heavy metals in oily sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Duan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ningbo Gao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Ayesha Tariq Sipra
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Kun Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Cui Quan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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12
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Zhou W, Chen X, Wang Y, Tuersun N, Ismail M, Cheng C, Li Z, Song Q, Wang Y, Ma C. Anaerobic co-digestion of textile dyeing sludge: Digestion efficiency and heavy metal stability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149722. [PMID: 34425439 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) has become an important mean for the stabilization and recycling of textile dyeing sludge (TDS). Using the soybean okara byproduct (SOB) as a co-digestion substrate, the effects on AcoD performance and heavy metal stability were studied. The results indicated that the optimal mixing ratio was 1:1 (calculated by total sloid). Under this condition, the SCOD removal efficiency was 64% (that of TDS alone and SOB alone were 47% and 48%, respectively) and the cumulative methane production field was 503 L CH4/kg VS (that of TDS alone and SOB alone were 435 L CH4/kg VS and 408 L CH4/kg VS, respectively). At the same time, the addition of SOB could also enhance the stability of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cr and Ni) in TDS. Remarkably, that could increase the steady state content nickel from 47.98% to 57.21%, while anaerobic digestion of TDS caused no increase but a decrease (only 42.13%). According to the risk assessment code analyses, the AcoD of TDS by SOB can significantly reduce the ecotoxicity risk caused by Ni, Zn and Cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhu Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China,.
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Nurmangul Tuersun
- Xinjiang Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology and Engineering Center, Kashgar University, Kashgar 844006, China
| | - Muhammad Ismail
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zenan Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Qi Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yiqi Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chengyu Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China,; Xinjiang Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology and Engineering Center, Kashgar University, Kashgar 844006, China
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13
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Hu W, Niu Y, Zhu H, Dong K, Wang D, Liu F. Remediation of zinc-contaminated soils by using the two-step washing with citric acid and water-soluble chitosan. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 282:131092. [PMID: 34470156 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil with appropriate washing agents is crucial to the decline in the harmfulness of contaminated soil by heavy metals to the environment and human health. In this study, citric acid (CA) and water-soluble chitosan (WSCS) as natural and degradable washing agents were used to remove Zn in the soil by two-step washing method. Results indicated that the two-step washing with CA and WSCS were found to be suitable for the removal of Zn from the contaminated soils, which significantly decreased the total concentration of Zn in the soil. After the remediation process with two-step soil washing, the contents of Zn in different chemical species decreased, especially for the carbonate-bound fraction. Therefore, the two-step soil washing with CA and WSCS was advisable for the remediation of Zn-contaminated soils. The washing mechanism could include the acid dissolution, ion exchange and complexation reaction between zinc ions and functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine and amide groups. This study provided the theoretical support for the exploitation and application of suitable washing agents used for the remediation of contaminated soils by heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, China
| | - Yaolan Niu
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Kun Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, China
| | - Dunqiu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China
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Effects of Long-Term Freeze-Thaw Cycles on the Properties of Stabilized/Solidified Lead-Zinc-Cadmium Composite-Contaminated Soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18116114. [PMID: 34204028 PMCID: PMC8201390 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Lead, zinc, and cadmium were used to prepare a composite-contaminated soil to replicate common situations, in which soil is usually simultaneously contaminated by multiple metals. To examine the long-term durability of stabilized/solidified (S/S) contaminated soil, specimens were subjected to a series of freeze–thaw (F-T) cycles, up to ninety times (one day per cycle), prior to testing. Triaxial compression tests, soil column leaching tests, and X-ray diffraction analysis were then employed to study the mechanical properties, environmental influences, and micro-mechanisms of the S/S lead-zinc-cadmium composite-contaminated soils after long-term F-T. The results showed that triaxial compressive strength increases within three F-T cycles, then decreases before slightly increasing or stabilizing after thirty F-T cycles. The stage of decreased cohesion thus occurs between three and fourteen F-T cycles, with variation in other factors similar to that of the triaxial compressive strength. The cohesion mainly increases between three and seven cycles. The soil column leaching test showed that the permeability of soil is more than four times higher than that of soil not subject to freeze–thaw cycles after ninety F-T cycles. XRD tests further revealed that the chemical composition of S/S contaminated soil and the occurrence of each heavy metal (HM) remained unchanged under F-T treatment.
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Ramakrishnan B, Maddela NR, Venkateswarlu K, Megharaj M. Organic farming: Does it contribute to contaminant-free produce and ensure food safety? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:145079. [PMID: 33482543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic farming for higher ecological and human health benefits has been adopted in about 186 countries, covering a total area of 71.5 Mha worldwide. Because of the associated practices, the flows of several environmental pollutants into the organic products threaten food safety and human health. The contaminants that occur at higher concentrations in organic produce include persistent organic pollutants (61.3-436.9 ng g-1 lamb meat, and 0.28 pg g-1-2.75 ng g-1 bovine meat), heavy metals (0.5-33.0 mg kg-1 lettuce), organochlorine pesticides (11-199 μg g-1 carrots), cyclodienes, hexachlorocyclohexanes, hexabromocyclododecane (2-3 times higher than in conventionally produced porcine meat), hexachlorobenzene (1.38-14.49 ng g-1 fat in milk), and non-brominated flame retardants (1.3-3.2 times higher than in conventional produce of greenhouse-grown tomato and cucumber). Moreover, some pollutants like per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with a longer half-life (1.50-9.10 yrs) are reported to occur in several organic products. In fact, several legacy persistent organic pollutants are known for their significant trophic magnification in an urban terrestrial ecosystem. In addition, many plant functionalities are adversely affected in organic farming. Therefore, the long-term usage of organic products containing such pollutants poses a significant threat to human health. The major limitation in organic livestock production is the severe shortage of organic feed. Several variable standards and technical regulations set by the government and private agencies are the major obstacles in the global marketing of organic products. The present review critically addresses the impact of organic farming on hidden risks due to the use of composts as the amendment resources that enhance the phytoaccumulation and trophic transfer of pollutants, the functional diversity of the ecosystems, and poor harmonization among the policies and regulations in different countries for organic farming. The future directions of research have been suggested to mitigate unintended flows of pollutants into the organic products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naga Raju Maddela
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130105, Ecuador
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu 515003, India
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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