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Lin Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Lv Y, Yang L, Chen Z, Ni BJ, Chen X. Efficient degradation and mineralization of polyethylene terephthalate microplastics by the synergy of sulfate and hydroxyl radicals in a heterogeneous electro-Fenton-activated persulfate oxidation system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 478:135635. [PMID: 39182298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The presence of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics (MPs) in waters has posed considerable threats to the environment and humans. In this work, a heterogeneous electro-Fenton-activated persulfate oxidation system with the FeS2-modified carbon felt as the cathode (abbreviated as EF-SR) was proposed for the efficient degradation of PET MPs. The results showed that i) the EF-SR system removed 91.3 ± 0.9 % of 100 mg/L PET after 12 h at the expense of trace loss (< 0.07 %) of [Fe] and that ii) dissolved organics and nanoplastics were first formed and accumulated and then quickly consumed in the EF-SR system. In addition to the destruction of the surface morphology, considerable changes in the surface structure of PET were noted after EF-SR treatment. On top of the emergence of the O-H bond, the ratio of C-O/C=O to C-C increased from 0.25 to 0.35, proving the rupture of the backbone of PET and the formation of oxygen-containing groups on the PET surface. With the verified involvement and contributions of SO4•- and •OH, three possible paths were proposed to describe the degradation of PET towards complete mineralization through chain cleavage and oxidation in the EF-SR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Lin
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yuehua Zhang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yonghao Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yuancai Lv
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Linyan Yang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhijie Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Xueming Chen
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
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2
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Chen H, Gao J, Wang Q, Liu Y, Fu X, Guo Y, Wang H, Wang Y, An J. Natural pyrite and ascorbic acid co-enhance periodate activation for inactivation of antibiotic resistant bacteria and inhibition of resistance genes transmission: A green disinfection process dominated by singlet oxygen. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135217. [PMID: 39038380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the propagation of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) threaten public health security and human health, and greener and more efficient disinfection technologies are expected to be discovered for wastewater treatment. In this study, natural pyrite and ascorbic acid (AA) were proposed as environmental-friendly activator and reductant for periodate (PI) activation to inactivate ARB. The disinfection treatment of PI/pyrite/AA system could inactivate 5.62 log ARB within 30 min, and the lower pH and higher PI and natural pyrite dosage could further boost the disinfection efficiency. The 1O2 and SO4•- were demonstrated to be crucial for the inactivation of ARB in PI/pyrite/AA system. The disinfection process destroyed the morphological structure of ARB, inducing oxidative stress and stimulating the antioxidant system. The PI/pyrite/AA system effectively reduced the intracellular and extracellular DNA concentration and ARGs abundance, inhibiting the propagation of ARGs. The presence of AA facilitated the activation of PI with natural pyrite and significantly increased the concentration of Fe2+ in solution. The reusability of natural pyrite, the safety of the disinfection by-products and the inhibition of ARB regeneration indicated the application potential of PI/pyrite/AA system in wastewater disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jingfeng Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ying Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yi Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hanyi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jiawen An
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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Lin X, Hu J, Mo Z, Wang Z, Wang R, Liang J. pH-dependent mechanisms of sulfadiazine degradation by natural pyrite-driven heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 365:121607. [PMID: 38941847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The development of a natural pyrite/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) system for the removal of antibiotic contamination from water represented an economic and green sustainable strategy. Yet, a noteworthy knowledge gap remained considering the underlying reaction mechanism of the system, particularly in relation to its pH sensitivity. Herein, this paper investigated the impacts of critical reaction parameters and initial pH levels on the degradation of sulfadiazine (SDZ, 3 mg/L) in the pyrite/PMS system, and elucidated the pH dependence of the reaction mechanism. Results showed that under optimal conditions, SDZ could be completely degraded within 5 min at a broad pH range of 3.0-9.0, with a pseudo-first-order reaction rate of >1.0 min-1. The low or high PMS doses could lower degradation rates of SDZ through the decreased levels of active species, while the amount of pyrite was positively correlated with the removal rate of SDZ. The diminutive concentrations of anions exerted minor impacts on the decomposition of SDZ within the pyrite PMS system. Mechanistic results demonstrated that the augmentation of pH levels facilitated the transition from the non-radical to the radical pathway within the natural pyrite/PMS system, while concurrently amplifying the role of •OH in the degradation process of SDZ. This could be attributed to the change in interface electrostatic repulsion induced by pH fluctuations, as well as the mutual transformation between active species. The stable presence of the relative content of Fe(II) in the used pyrite was ensured owing to the reduced sulfur species acting as electron donors, providing the pyrite/PMS system excellent reusability. This paper sheds light on the mechanism regulation of efficient removal of organic pollutants through pyrite PMS systems, contributing to practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Lin
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, 510520, China; College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Jinwen Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhihua Mo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Ruyi Wang
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Jialin Liang
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
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Guo L, Nie Z, Wen L, Chen B, Tang J, Gao M, Chen J, Liu J. Insights into the effects of natural pyrite-activated sodium percarbonate on tetracycline removal from groundwater: Mechanism, pathways, and column studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:165883. [PMID: 37517722 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
In-situ chemical oxidation based on sodium percarbonate (SPC) has received much attention for remediation of groundwater contaminated with organic pollutants due to the high efficiency, stable reaction, and sustainability of SPC. Currently, metal ions and their composite materials, are mainly employed for the activation of SPC. However, due to its narrow pH range, slow Fe3+/Fe2+ circulation, and generation of refractory sludge, its application in groundwater is limited. In this study, SPC was activated with natural pyrite (FeS2) to remove tetracycline, which was selected as the target pollutant. FeS2 exhibited excellent catalytic activity and stability towards the degradation of tetracycline. The tetracycline degradation efficiency of SPC/FeS2 system reached 70 % within 10 min, and nearly half of the tetracycline was degraded in the first 5 min of the reaction. The optimum SPC dosage for the tetracycline removal was 8 mM, with FeS2 dosage of 0.5 g/L. The tetracycline removal efficiency remained above 60 % after 4 cycles, indicating its good recycling efficiency of the system. SPC/FeS2 system was not significantly affected by the initial pH or the presence of Cl-, SO42-, NO3- while, HCO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+, and humid acid suppressed the reaction. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and quenching experiments demonstrated that OH and O2- played a dominant role in tetracycline removal by the system. S22-, as an electron donor, was able to participate in the Fe3+/Fe2+ cycle. In addition, the 13 transformation products were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry predicted that the degradation pathway of tetracycline consisted of hydroxylation, demethylation, and decarbonylation reactions. Finally, the dynamic simulation experiments of SPC/FeS2 sand column showed that FeS2 effectively activated SPC and significantly reduced the toxicity in groundwater after the packed column treatment. This study reveals that FeS2 can efficiently activate SPC and has good prospects for tetracycline-contaminated groundwater remediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China.
| | - Ziqiu Nie
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Lijia Wen
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Bohan Chen
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Man Gao
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Jiajing Chen
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
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5
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Liu H, Li X, Zhang X, Coulon F, Wang C. Harnessing the power of natural minerals: A comprehensive review of their application as heterogeneous catalysts in advanced oxidation processes for organic pollutant degradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 337:139404. [PMID: 37399998 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The release of untreated wastewater into water bodies has become a significant environmental concern, resulting in the accumulation of refractory organic pollutants that pose risks to human health and ecosystems. Wastewater treatment methods, including biological, physical, and chemical techniques, have limitations in achieving complete removal of the refractory pollutants. Chemical methods, particularly advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), have gained special attention for their strong oxidation capacity and minimal secondary pollution. Among the various catalysts used in AOPs, natural minerals offer distinct advantages, such as low cost, abundant resources, and environmental friendliness. Currently, the utilization of natural minerals as catalysts in AOPs lacks thorough investigation and review. This work addresses the need for a comprehensive review of natural minerals as catalysts in AOPs. The structural characteristics and catalytic performance of different natural minerals are discussed, emphasizing their specific roles in AOPs. Furthermore, the review analyzes the influence of process factors, including catalyst dosage, oxidant addition, pH value, and temperature, on the catalytic performance of natural minerals. Strategies for enhancing the catalytic efficiency of AOPs mediated by natural minerals are explored, mainly including physical fields, reductant addition, and cocatalyst utilization. The review also examines the practical application prospects and main challenges associated with the use of natural minerals as heterogeneous catalysts in AOPs. This work contributes to the development of sustainable and efficient approaches for organic pollutant degradation in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwen Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xingyang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiuxiu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Frederic Coulon
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom.
| | - Chongqing Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Fan X, Wang Y, Zhang D, Zhang S, Liu C, Liu M. A comprehensive assessment on sludge conditioning by pyrite acid eluent-activated peroxymonosulfate based on dewaterability, heavy metals risk and ore recovery. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 170:82-92. [PMID: 37556939 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater activated sludge (WAS) has poor dewaterability and contains heavy metals (HMs), limiting its land application. Therefore, in this study, a novel pyrite acid eluent-activated peroxymonosulfate (Fe2+pyrite/PMS) conditioning approach that can completely recover the residual pyrite and greatly reduce acid use was developed to improve WAS dewaterability, and the HMs chemical speciation and risks of conditioned WAS were assessed. Our results showed that under the optimized operational parameters, the capillary suction time (CST) and water content (Wc) of WAS decreased by 46.03% and 7.75%, respectively. Furthermore, during Fe2+pyrite/PMS conditioning processing, sulfate radical (SO4-) destroyed the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix, causing bound water release and the decrease of proteins/polysaccharides in outer layered EPS, even the decomposition of some protein-N in tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) into inorganic-N. In addition, although the total concentration of HMs in the conditioned WAS matrix increased, the Ni concentration decreased in the solid fraction. Further, the risk assessment code (RAC) levels did not increase, and the eco-toxicity of Cr became weakened after Fe2+pyrite/PMS conditioning. However, after acid extraction, the pyrite residue had worsened recycle performance because the passivation layer contained S0/Sn2- on its surface, and no additional elements were detected in the pyrite residue, which had almost no effect on its further usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Fan
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yili Wang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Daxin Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Shuting Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Chenyang Liu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Meilin Liu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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7
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Liu Z, An Y, Li X. Insight into mechanism of peroxydisulfate activation by natural pyrite: Participation of Fe(IV) and regulation of Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle by sulfur species. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 314:137657. [PMID: 36581120 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, natural pyrite (NP) was used to activate peroxydisulfate (PDS) for imidacloprid (IMD) degradation. NP was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Effects of key reaction parameters (NP dosage, PDS concentration and initial pH) and co-existing ions on IMD degradation in the NP/PDS system were investigated. Quenching experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) tests identified the existence of sulfate radical (SO4•-), hydroxyl radical (•OH), singlet oxygen (1O2) and superoxide radical (O2•-). The cumulative concentration of SO4•- and •OH were quantified by the formation of benzoquinone (BQ) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA), respectively. Meanwhile, more than 60% of methylphenyl sulfoxide (PMSO) was selectively converted to methylphenyl sulfone (PMSO2), revealing that Fe(IV) was dominant in the NP/PDS system. The order of contribution of the three reactive species in the NP/PDS system was Fe(IV) > •OH > SO4•- (contributions of 1O2 and O2•- were negligible). Fe(II) released from NP played a crucial role in PDS activation, and sulfur species in NP could also boost Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle and contribute to the generation of reactive species. Further, the possible degradation pathways of IMD have been proposed based on the detected intermediates using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), and the toxicity (including acute toxicity, developmental toxicity and mutagenicity) of these intermediates have been predicted using Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (T.E.S.T). Moreover, NP/PDS system was applied in four natural water bodies and IMD degradation efficiency reached more than 97% after adjusting the pH to 3. The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectra showed that in addition to IMD, NP/PDS system could also remove other impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Yujiao An
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Xiaowan Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China.
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So HL, Wang L, Liu J, Chu W, Li T, Abdelhaleem A. Insights into the degradation of diphenhydramine - An emerging SARS-CoV-2 medicine by UV/Sulfite. Sep Purif Technol 2022; 303:122193. [PMID: 36168647 PMCID: PMC9502506 DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As Diphenhydramine (DPH) has been considered as a drug to treat SARS-CoV-2, the degradation of DPH from water was investigated and evaluated in this study by adopting an advanced oxidation/advanced reduction process - the UV/sulfite process. The UV/sulfite system was able to eliminate DPH within 6 mins under UV254nm and 1.0 mM sulfite. It was observed that the presence ofN O 3 - ,N O 2 - ,C l - ,H C O 3 - , andS O 4 2 - anions in water can affect the performance of UV/Sulfite degradation system. The mechanism of UV/sulfite/anions was evaluated which the presence ofN O 3 - in UV/sulfite process has revealed faster initial decay rate but lower final DPH removal. It was observed that the UV/Sulfite process was extremely sensitive to pH as the dissociation of ion species varied among pH. The reaction became sluggish in acidic solution due to the dissociation of less reactive species such as HSO3 -. In alkaline solution, SO3 2- was the dominant species, producing powerfulSO 3 ∙ - ande aq - when activated by UV at 254 nm. By conducting LC/MS analysis, the degradation pathway was proposed and can be summarized into four main pathways: hydroxylation, side chain cleavage, losing aromatic ring or ring opening. Scavenging tests were also carried out and validated the presence of various radicals contributing to the reaction, includinge aq - , H˙, OH˙, SO3 ˙-, O2 •- and SO4 ˙-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Lam So
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Liwen Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 760 Davis Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Jianghui Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Chu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Amal Abdelhaleem
- Environmental Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
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Yang Q, Liu Y, Ke J, Li C, Ge Y, Chen J, Guo R. Enhanced degradation of sulfamethazine in boron-doped diamond anode system via utilization of by-product oxygen and pyrite: Mechanism and pharmaceutical activity removal assessment. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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10
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Song Y, Sun D, Liu C, Ma H, Ma H, Ma C. Peroxymonosulfate activation through ferromagnetic bimetallic spinel sulfide composite (Fe 3O 4/NiCo 2S 4) for organic pollutant degradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135682. [PMID: 35843427 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spinel sulfides are a good candidate as heterogeneous catalysts for wastewater treatment through peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. In this paper, magnetic Fe3O4/NiCo2S4 composite was successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. Catalyst screening displayed that the composite catalyst with a Fe3O4:NiCo2S4 molar ratio of 1:3 (i.e.,0.33-Fe3O4/NiCo2S4) is the most optimal. The results showed that 0.33-Fe3O4/NiCo2S4 composite catalyst had superior catalytic activity, achieving 99.8%,65.1% and 40.7% of RhB, COD and TOC removals within 30 min with 180 m g/L PMS and 75 mg/L catalyst. We proposed a potential catalytic mechanism of PMS activation by Fe3O4/NiCo2S4 in two aspects. On the one hand, sulfur species such as S2- and S22- enhance the Co3+/Co2+, Ni3+/Ni2+ and Fe3+/Fe2+ cycles on Fe3O4/NiCo2S4 surface. On the other hand, there is the synergistic effect of Co3+/Co2+, Ni3+/Ni2+ and Fe3+/Fe2+ cycles in activating PMS. Overall, owing to its excellent catalytic activity, reusability, and easy recovery, Fe3O4/NiCo2S4 is a potentially useful catalyst for remediation of contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbo Song
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, 1# Qing Gong Yuan, Dalian, 116034, PR China
| | - Dedong Sun
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, 1# Qing Gong Yuan, Dalian, 116034, PR China.
| | - Chengze Liu
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, 1# Qing Gong Yuan, Dalian, 116034, PR China
| | - Hongchao Ma
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, 1# Qing Gong Yuan, Dalian, 116034, PR China
| | - Huanran Ma
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, 1# Qing Gong Yuan, Dalian, 116034, PR China
| | - Chun Ma
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, 1# Qing Gong Yuan, Dalian, 116034, PR China
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Gong C, Zhai J, Wang X, Zhu W, Yang D, Luo Y, Gao X. Synergistic improving photo-Fenton and photo-catalytic degradation of carbamazepine over FeS 2/Fe 2O 3/organic acid with H 2O 2in-situ generation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136199. [PMID: 36030937 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a heterogeneous photo-Fenton and photo-catalytic system was constructed using oxide pyrite (FeS2/Fe2O3) mineral and organic acids including tartaric acid (TA), ascorbic acid (AA), and citric acid (CA). In the proposed system, FeS2/Fe2O3 can be successfully activated through irradiation to generate photogenerated carriers, which generated H2O2in-situ through the reduction reactions between e- and O2. The addition of organic acids enhanced the dissolution of iron from FeS2/Fe2O3. Based on the iron and in-situ generated H2O2, •OH was produced through a photo-Fenton reaction. Furthermore, h+, e-, and •O2-, which were generated through the photo-catalytic activation of FeS2/Fe2O3, also played a certain role in the degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ). Therefore, the synergistic photo-Fenton and photo-catalytic reaction improved the degradation of CBZ, with the degradation efficiencies of 86%, 62%, and 68% in FeS2/Fe2O3/TA, FeS2/Fe2O3/AA, and FeS2/Fe2O3/CA systems, respectively. This investigation provides an innovative strategy for the removal of organic pollutants using natural minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gong
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, PR China; The Innovation Team for Volatile Organic Compounds Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China; The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Odorous Volatile Organic Compounds Pollutants Control of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China.
| | - Jinli Zhai
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, PR China; The Innovation Team for Volatile Organic Compounds Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China; The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Odorous Volatile Organic Compounds Pollutants Control of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Xi Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, PR China; The Innovation Team for Volatile Organic Compounds Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China; The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Odorous Volatile Organic Compounds Pollutants Control of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Wenjie Zhu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, PR China; The Innovation Team for Volatile Organic Compounds Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China; The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Odorous Volatile Organic Compounds Pollutants Control of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Daoli Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, PR China; The Innovation Team for Volatile Organic Compounds Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China; The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Odorous Volatile Organic Compounds Pollutants Control of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Xiaoya Gao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, PR China; The Innovation Team for Volatile Organic Compounds Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China; The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Odorous Volatile Organic Compounds Pollutants Control of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China.
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12
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Sun X, Huang L, Wu D, Tong X, Yang S, Hu B. The Selective Depression Effect of Dextrin on Pyrite During the Zn–Fe Sulfides Flotation Under Low Alkaline Conditions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Huang M, Fang G, Chen N, Zhou D. Hydroxylamine promoted hydroxyl radical production and organic contaminants degradation in oxygenation of pyrite. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 429:128380. [PMID: 35121297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneous Fenton-like process using pyrite (FeS2) is increasingly recognized as a promising advanced oxidation process for removal of organic contaminants. However, the slow regeneration of Fe(II) limits the generation of reactive oxygen species for environment implication. To overcome this drawback, hydroxylamine was applied to enhance the reactivity of FeS2 to degrade organic contaminants under oxic conditions. Results showed that hydroxylamine facilitated the regeneration of Fe(II) on FeS2 surface to promote reactive oxygen species generation, thereby efficiently degrading different organic contaminants. The underlying mechanism was further elucidated that the presence of hydroxylamine enhanced electron transfer from FeS2 to O2 to produce superoxide radicals (O2•-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical (HO•) via Fenton-like pathways, which induced the rapid degradation of organic contaminants (e.g., sulfamethoxazole (SMX)). The reactivity of FeS2 for organic contaminant degradation changed negligibly after seven cycles in the presence of hydroxylamine. The effects of pH and inorganic anions on SMX degradation were also clarified in details. The finding of this study would provide a novel strategy to enhance the contaminants degradation by FeS2-based advanced oxidation technologies for environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Huang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Guodong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
| | - Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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14
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Song B, Zeng Z, Almatrafi E, Shen M, Xiong W, Zhou C, Wang W, Zeng G, Gong J. Pyrite-mediated advanced oxidation processes: Applications, mechanisms, and enhancing strategies. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 211:118048. [PMID: 35074575 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Proper treatment of wastewater is one of the key issues to the sustainable development of human society, and people have been searching for high-efficiency and low-cost methods for wastewater treatment. This article reviews recent studies about pyrite-mediated advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in removing refractory organics from wastewater. The basic information of pyrite and its characteristics for AOPs are first introduced. Then, the performance and mechanisms of pyrite-mediated Fenton oxidation, electro-Fenton oxidation, and persulfate oxidation processes are carefully reviewed and presented. Natural pyrite is an abundant low-cost heterogeneous catalyst for AOPs, and the slow release of Fe2+ and the self-regulation of solution pH are highlighted characteristics of pyrite-mediated AOPs. In AOPs, the interaction between Fe3+ and pyrite facilitates the Fe2+ regeneration and the Fe2+/Fe3+ cycle. Making pyrite into nanoparticles, assisting by ultrasound and light irradiation, and adding exogenous Fe3+, organic chelating agents, or biochar is effective to enhance the performance of pyrite-mediated AOPs. Based on the analyses of those pyrite-mediated AOPs and their enhancing strategies, the future development directions are proposed in the aspects of toxicity research, mechanism research, and technological coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China; Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering-Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhuotong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China
| | - Eydhah Almatrafi
- Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering-Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maocai Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Weiping Xiong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China; Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering-Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chengyun Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China; Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering-Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wenjun Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China; Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering-Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jilai Gong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China; Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering-Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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15
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Cooperation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and cobalt doped TiO2 to activate peroxymonosulfate for antipyrine photocatalytic degradation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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16
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He G, Zhong D, Xu Y. Sulfite activation by oxidized pyrite for dye degradation assisted by oxygen. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04790f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fe(iii) on the surface of pyrite, instead of Fe(ii), acted as the active site of sulfite activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjun He
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Dengjie Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Yunlan Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
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17
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Shu Y, Ji B, Li Y, Zhang W, Zhang H, Zhang J. Natural pyrite improved steel slag towards environmentally sustainable chromium reclamation from hexavalent chromium-containing wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 282:130974. [PMID: 34107422 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Currently, varied processes adopted to remove hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution have been realized to cause secondary pollution. As such, this study explored a green method for aqueous hexavalent chromium (Cr(Ⅵ)) reclamation by waste steel slag (SS) enhanced by natural pyrite (NP). Compared with the sole SS or NP, more efficient Cr(Ⅵ) removal was achieved by NP-SS at an initial pH value ranging from 1 to 8, resulting in a final pH value of 7-8. Cr(Ⅵ) in the solution could be initially reduced to Cr(III) by Fe2+ provided by NP, which was then bound with the OH- in the solution and the supersaturated calcium silicate hydrate on the surface of SS. In addition, the stearic acid anions existing on the surface of SS could promote the adsorption of Cr(III) to form chromium stearate. The used adsorbent could be potentially used for chromium smelting. Overall, this study provides a feasible and environmental sustainable solution to chromium reclamation from hexavalent chromium-containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaorong Shu
- Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Bin Ji
- Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Yuexin Li
- Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Huining Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510651, China
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18
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He GJ, Zhong DJ, Xu YL, Liu P, Zeng SJ, Wang S. Pyrite/H 2O 2/hydroxylamine system for efficient decolorization of rhodamine B. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 83:2218-2231. [PMID: 33989188 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To improve the efficiency of the Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycle and continuous reactivity of pyrite, a pyrite/H2O2/hydroxylamine (HA) system was proposed to treat rhodamine B (RhB). The results showed that near-complete decolorization and 52.8% mineralization 50 mg L-1 RhB were achieved under its optimum conditions: HA 0.8 mM, H2O2 1.6 mM, pyrite 0.4 g L-1, and initial pH 4.0. The degradation reaction was dominated by an •OH radical produced by the reaction of Fe2+ with H2O2 in solution. HA primarily had two roles: in solution, HA could accelerate the Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycle through its strong reducibility to enhance RhB decolorization; on the pyrite surface, HA could improve the continuous reactivity of pyrite by inhibiting the oxidation of pyrite. In addition, the dosing manner of HA had a significant effect on RhB decolorization. In addition, the high decolorization and mineralization efficiency of other dye pollutants suggested that the pyrite/H2O2/HA system might be widely used in textile wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Jun He
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China E-mail:
| | - Deng-Jie Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China E-mail:
| | - Yun-Lan Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China E-mail:
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China E-mail:
| | - Si-Jing Zeng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China E-mail:
| | - Shuang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China E-mail:
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19
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Behzadi S, Nonahal B, Royaee SJ, Asadi AA. Tio 2/SiO 2/Fe 3O 4 magnetic nanoparticles synthesis and application in methyl orange UV photocatalytic removal. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:2432-2445. [PMID: 33339797 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Three main parameters affecting TiO2/SiO2/Fe3O4 nanoparticles activity in photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange were investigated using response surface methodology (SRM). Precipitation method and sol-gel technique were used to prepare SiO2/Fe3O4 electromagnetic composite support and TiO2/SiO2/Fe3O4 photocatalytically active nanoparticles. The specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore size of the synthesized nanoparticles were respectively equal to 56 m2/g, 0.12 cm3/g and 9.4 nm. The point of zero charge (PZC) of the catalyst was measured to be 5.9. The maximum and minimum photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange using the synthesized nanoparticles were 100% and 30%, respectively. A linear model was fitted to the obtained results with R2adjusted equal to 0.87. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that catalyst concentration, reaction media pH and aeration rate were significantly affected the photocatalytic activity. Optimization was performed considering photocatalytic activity as the main objective functions. In order to maximize photocatalytic activity, catalyst loading, reaction media pH and aeration rate were respectively adjusted to 2,000 ppm, 3 and 2.5 L/min, which resulted in total methyl orange removal. Considering promising photocatalytic activity of TiO2/SiO2/Fe3O4 along with core-sell nanocomposite separation performance led us to propose this photocatalyst as an alternative solution for treating waste waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Behzadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Behrouz Nonahal
- Petroleum Refining Technology Development Division, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, 14857-33111, Iran E-mail:
| | - Sayed Javid Royaee
- Petroleum Refining Technology Development Division, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, 14857-33111, Iran E-mail:
| | - Amir Atabak Asadi
- Petroleum Refining Technology Development Division, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, 14857-33111, Iran E-mail:
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