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Liu N, Zhao J, Du J, Hou C, Zhou X, Chen J, Zhang Y. Non-phytoremediation and phytoremediation technologies of integrated remediation for water and soil heavy metal pollution: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174237. [PMID: 38942300 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Since the 1980s, there has been increasing concern over heavy metal pollution remediation. However, most research focused on the individual remediation technologies for heavy metal pollutants in either soil or water. Considering the potential migration of these pollutants, it is necessary to explore effective integrated remediation technologies for soil and water heavy metals. This review thoroughly examines non-phytoremediation technologies likes physical, chemical, and microbial remediation, as well as green remediation approaches involving terrestrial and aquatic phytoremediation. Non-phytoremediation technologies suffer from disadvantages like high costs, secondary pollution risks, and susceptibility to environmental factors. Conversely, phytoremediation technologies have gained significant attention due to their sustainable and environmentally friendly nature. Enhancements through chelating agents, biochar, microorganisms, and genetic engineering have demonstrated improved phytoremediation remediation efficiency. However, it is essential to address the environmental and ecological risks that may arise from the prolonged utilization of these materials and technologies. Lastly, this paper presents an overview of integrated remediation approaches for addressing heavy metal contamination in groundwater-soil-surface water systems and discusses the reasons for the research gaps and future directions. This paper offers valuable insights for comprehensive solutions to heavy metal pollution in water and soil, promoting integrated remediation and sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jiang Zhao
- Shanghai Rural Revitalization Research Center, PR China
| | - Jiawen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Cheng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Jiabin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
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2
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Liu J, Fan X, Ni J, Cai M, Cai D, Jiang Y, Mo A, Miran W, Peng T, Long X, Yang F. Mitigation of uranium toxicity in rice by Sphingopyxis sp. YF1: Evidence from growth, ultrastructure, subcellular distribution, and physiological characteristics. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108958. [PMID: 39053315 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Uranium (U) contamination of rice is an urgent ecological and agricultural problem whose effective alleviation is in great demand. Sphingopyxis genus has been shown to remediate heavy metal-contaminated soils. Rare research delves into the mitigation of uranium (U) toxicity to rice by Sphingopyxis genus. In this study, we exposed rice seedlings for 7 days at U concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg L-1 with or without the Sphingopyxis sp. YF1 in the rice nutrient solution. Here, we firstly found YF1 colonized on the root of rice seedlings, significantly mitigated the growth inhibition, and counteracted the chlorophyll content reduction in leaves induced by U. When treated with 1.1 × 107 CFU mL-1 YF1 with the amendment of 10 mg L-1 U, the decrease of U accumulation in rice seedling roots and shoots was the largest among all treatments; reduced by 39.3% and 32.1%, respectively. This was associated with the redistribution of the U proportions in different organelle parts, leading to the alleviation of the U damage to the morphology and structure of rice root. Interestingly, we found YF1 significantly weakens the expression of antioxidant enzymes genes (CuZnSOD,CATA,POD), promotes the up-regulation of metal-transporters genes (OsHMA3 and OsHMA2), and reduces the lipid peroxidation damage induced by U in rice seedlings. In summary, YF1 is a plant-probiotic with potential applications for U-contaminated rice, benefiting producers and consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Xinting Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Juan Ni
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Meihan Cai
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Danping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Aili Mo
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Waheed Miran
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Tangjian Peng
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xizi Long
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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Liu Y, Xu J, Wu Z, Cai Y, Zhao Z, Qiu J. Development of a fluorescent DNA sensor for dual detection of heavy metal ions utilising DAPI in distinct buffers. Food Chem 2024; 451:139390. [PMID: 38653103 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The DNA-based biosensor utilises a thymine/guanine(T/G)-rich ODN-4 scaffold with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI) as a fluorescent emissary to monitor mercury/lead(Hg(II)/Pb(II)) ions simultaneously. Key to its bifocal detection capability is the twin unbound cytosine(C) bases strategically bridging the G-quadruplex and T-rich sequences, enabling their synergistic interplay. It facilitates the recognition of Hg(II)/Pb(II) ions, characterised by high specificity, and effectively mitigates interference from silver(Ag(I)). The G-quadruplex, guided by the C bases, induces a conformational transition in T-Hg(II)-T complexes, resulting in intense fluorescence. Pb(II) causes a spatial shift in the G-quadruplex, relaxing the T-Hg(II)-T base pairs and attenuating the fluorescence signal. The ODN-4 exhibits a robust, linear correlation with Hg(II) concentration (4.09 nmol/L to 1000 nmol/L) and Pb(II) concentration (3.22 nmol/L to 5 μmol/L). Recovery rates in milk, tap water, and rice water specimens with both ions validate method accuracy (Hg(II): 95.19% to 104.68%, Pb(II): 98.20% to 103.46%). It holds promising prospects for practical food analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Liu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiaxuan Xu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ziyi Wu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yule Cai
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jieqiong Qiu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Li K, Ji C, Fu G, Chen Y, Tian H, Yao Q, Li C, Xie H. Enhanced phytoremediation of 2,4-DNP-contaminated wastewater by Salix matsudana Koidz with MeJA pretreatment and associated mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:45734-45746. [PMID: 38972947 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34221-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
2,4-Dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) is recognized as an emerging contaminant due to its high toxicity and poor biodegradability, posing a threat to animals, plants, and human health. The efficient removal of 2,4-DNP remains a challenging issue in phytoremediation research, particularly because of its toxic effects on plants. To address this, a hydroponic simulation experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of adding exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on the tolerance and purification capabilities of Salix matsudana Koidz (S. matsudana) seedlings exposed to 2,4-DNP. The results indicated that the addition of exogenous MeJA mitigated the damage caused by 2,4-DNP to S. matsudana seedlings by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, reducing excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), lowering membrane lipid peroxidation, and minimizing membrane damage. Notably, the most effective alleviation was observed with the addition of 50 mg·L-1 MeJA. Furthermore, exogenous MeJA helped maintain the biomass indices of S. matsudana seedlings under 2,4-DNP stress and increased the removal efficiency of 2,4-DNP by these seedlings. Specifically, the addition of 50 mg·L-1 MeJA resulted in a removal percentage of 79.57%, which was 11.88% higher than that achieved with 2,4-DNP treatment. In conclusion, exogenous MeJA can improve the plant resistance and enhance 2,4-DNP phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry Administration/Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Ji
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, No. 5147, Dongfeng East Street, Weifang, 261061, Shandong, China
| | - Guilong Fu
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry Administration/Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry Administration/Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Huimei Tian
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry Administration/Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Yao
- Mount Tai Scenic Spot Management Committee, Tai'an, 271000, China
| | - Chuanrong Li
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry Administration/Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Huicheng Xie
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry Administration/Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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5
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Song H, Ji X, Wang M, Li J, Wang X, Meng L, Wei P, Xu H, Niu T, Liu A. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the Dof gene family reveals their involvement in hormone response and abiotic stresses in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Gene 2024; 910:148336. [PMID: 38447680 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
DNA binding with one finger (Dof), plant-specific zinc finger transcription factors, can participate in various physiological and biochemical processes during the life of plants. As one of the most important oil crops in the world, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) has significant economic and ornamental value. However, a systematic analysis of H. annuus Dof (HaDof) members and their functions has not been extensively conducted. In this study, we identified 50 HaDof genes that are unevenly distributed on 17 chromosomes of sunflower. We present a comprehensive overview of the HaDof genes, including their chromosome locations, phylogenetic analysis, and expression profile characterization. Phylogenetic analysis classified the 366 Dof members identified from 11 species into four groups (further subdivided into nine subfamilies). Segmental duplications are predominantly contributed to the expansion of sunflower Dof genes, and all segmental duplicate gene pairs are under purifying selection due to strong evolutionary constraints. Furthermore, we observed differential expression patterns for HaDof genes in normal tissues as well as under hormone treatment or abiotic stress conditions by analyzing RNA-seq data from previous studies and RT-qPCR data in our current study. The expression of HaDof04 and HaDof43 were not detected in any samples, which implied that they may be gradually undergoing pseudogenization process. Some HaDof genes, such as HaDof25 and HaDof30, showed responsiveness to exogenous plant hormones, such as kinetin, brassinosteroid, auxin or strigolactone, while others like HaDof15 and HaDof35 may participate in abiotic stress resistance of sunflower seedling. Our study represents the initial step towards understanding the phylogeny and expression characterization of sunflower Dof family genes, which may provide valuable reference information for functional studies on hormone response, abiotic stress resistance, and molecular breeding in sunflower and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China
| | - Xuchao Ji
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China
| | - Liying Meng
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China
| | - Peipei Wei
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China
| | - Tianzeng Niu
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China.
| | - Ake Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China.
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Zhang H, Zhang K, Duan Y, Sun X, Lin L, An Q, Altaf MM, Zhu Z, Liu F, Jiao Y, Yin J, Xie C, Wang B, Feng H, Zhang X, Li D. Effect of EDDS on the rhizosphere ecology and microbial regulation of the Cd-Cr contaminated soil remediation using king grass combined with Piriformospora indica. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133266. [PMID: 38118201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The negative impacts of soil heavy metals composite pollution on agricultural production and human health are becoming increasingly prevalent. The applications of green chelating agents and microorganisms have emerged as promising alternate methods for enhancing phytoremediation. The regulatory effects of root secretion composition, microbial carbon source utilization, key gene expression, and soil microbial community structure were comprehensively analyzed through a combination of HPLC, Biolog EcoPlates, qPCR, and high-throughput screening techniques. The application of EDDS resulted in a favorable rhizosphere ecological environment for the king grass Piriformospora indica, characterized by a decrease in soil pH by 0.41 units, stimulation of succinic acid and fumaric acid secretion, and an increase in carbon source metabolic activity of amino acids and carbohydrates. Consequently, this improvement enhanced the bioavailability of Cd/Cr and increased the biomass of king grass by 25.7%. The expression of dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria was significantly upregulated by 99.2%, while there was no significant difference in Clostridium abundance. Furthermore, the richness of the soil rhizosphere fungal community (Ascomycota: 45.8%, Rozellomycota: 16.7%) significantly increased to regulate the proportion of tolerant microbial dominant groups, promoting the improvement of Cd/Cr removal efficiency (Cd: 23.4%, Cr: 18.7%). These findings provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of chelating agent-assisted plants-microorganisms combined remediation of heavy metals in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Zhang
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Kailu Zhang
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yali Duan
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi) / Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Qianli An
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Muhammad Mohsin Altaf
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Fan Liu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yangqiu Jiao
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jing Yin
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Can Xie
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Baijie Wang
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Huiping Feng
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Dong Li
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou / Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration aboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea / Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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7
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Sanjana S, Jazeel K, Janeeshma E, Nair SG, Shackira AM. Synergistic interactions of assorted ameliorating agents to enhance the potential of heavy metal phytoremediation. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:13. [PMID: 38363436 PMCID: PMC10873264 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-024-00153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Pollution by toxic heavy metals creates a significant impact on the biotic community of the ecosystem. Nowadays, a solution to this problem is an eco-friendly approach like phytoremediation, in which plants are used to ameliorate heavy metals. In addition, various amendments are used to enhance the potential of heavy metal phytoremediation. Symbiotic microorganisms such as phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), endophytes, mycorrhiza and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) play a significant role in the improvement of heavy metal phytoremediation potential along with promoting the growth of plants that are grown in contaminated environments. Various chemical chelators (Indole 3-acetic acid, ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid, ethylene glycol tetra acetic acid, ethylenediamine-N, N-disuccinic acid and nitrilotri-acetic acid) and their combined action with other agents also contribute to heavy metal phytoremediation enhancement. With modern techniques, transgenic plants and microorganisms are developed to open up an alternative strategy for phytoremediation. Genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics are widely used novel approaches to develop competent phytoremediators. This review accounts for the synergistic interactions of the ameliorating agent's role in enhancing heavy metal phytoremediation, intending to highlight the importance of these various approaches in reducing heavy metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sanjana
- Department of Botany, Sir Syed College, Kannur University, Kerala, 670142, India
| | - K Jazeel
- Department of Botany, Sir Syed College, Kannur University, Kerala, 670142, India
| | - E Janeeshma
- Department of Botany, MES KEVEEYAM College, Valanchery, Malappuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sarath G Nair
- Department of Botany, Mar Athanasius College, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - A M Shackira
- Department of Botany, Sir Syed College, Kannur University, Kerala, 670142, India.
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8
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Cui L, Chen Y, Liu J, Zhang Q, Xu L, Yang Z. Spraying Zinc Sulfate to Reveal the Mechanism through the Glutathione Metabolic Pathway Regulates the Cadmium Tolerance of Seashore Paspalum ( Paspalum vaginatum Swartz). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1982. [PMID: 37653899 PMCID: PMC10221796 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is considered to be one of the most toxic metals, causing serious harm to plants' growth and humans' health. Therefore, it is necessary to study simple, practical, and environmentally friendly methods to reduce its toxicity. Until now, people have applied zinc sulfate to improve the Cd tolerance of plants. However, related studies have mainly focused on physiological and biochemical aspects, with a lack of in-depth molecular mechanism research. In this study, we sprayed high (40 mM) and low (2.5 mM) concentrations of zinc sulfate on seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) plants under 0.5 mM Cd stress. Transcriptome sequencing and physiological indicators were used to reveal the mechanism of Cd tolerance. Compared with the control treatment, we found that zinc sulfate decreased the content of Cd2+ by 57.03-73.39%, and that the transfer coefficient of Cd decreased by 58.91-75.25% in different parts of plants. In addition, our results indicate that the antioxidant capacity of plants was improved, with marked increases in the glutathione content and the activity levels of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and other enzymes. Transcriptome sequencing showed that the differentially expressed genes in both the 0.5 Zn and 40 Zn treatments were mainly genes encoding GST. This study suggests that genes encoding GST in the glutathione pathway may play an important role in regulating the Cd tolerance of seashore paspalum. Furthermore, the present study provides a theoretical reference for the regulation mechanism caused by zinc sulfate spraying to improve plants' Cd tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Cui
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhimin Yang
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Li J, Pan J, Najeeb U, El-Beltagi HS, Huang Q, Lu H, Xu L, Shi B, Zhou W. Promotive Role of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid or Salicylic Acid Combined with Citric Acid on Sunflower Growth by Regulating Manganese Absorption. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030580. [PMID: 36978828 PMCID: PMC10045730 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient in most organisms. Establishing an effective regulatory system of Mn absorption is important for sustainable crop development. In this study, we selected sunflower as the model plant to explore the effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) or salicylic acid (SA) combined with citric acid (CA) on Mn absorption. Six-leaf-old sunflower plants were exposed to 0.8 g kg−1 Mn for one week and then treated with chelating agents, i.e., CA (10 mmol kg−1), and different concentrations of ALA and SA for one week. The results showed that Mn-treated plants had significantly increased H2O2, O2− and MDA contents in leaves compared with the control. Under the Mn + CA treatment, ALA or SA2 significantly activated the antioxidant defense system by increasing SOD, POD and CAT activities in leaves. Moreover, the application of CA significantly increased the Mn uptake in sunflower roots compared with Mn treatment alone; however, did not accelerate the translocation efficiency of Mn from sunflower roots to shoots. Moreover, ultrastructural and RT-qPCR results further demonstrated that ALA/SA could recover the adverse impact of excessive Mn accumulation in sunflowers. Like a pump, ALA/SA regulated the translocation efficiency and promoted the transportation of Mn from roots to shoots. This study provides insights into the promotive role of ALA/SA combined with CA on sunflower growth by regulating Mn absorption, which would be beneficial for regulating Mn absorption in soil with an Mn deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianmin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ullah Najeeb
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Plant Science, The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
- Agricultural Research Station, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Hossam S. El-Beltagi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Qian Huang
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huaijian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (B.S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Bixian Shi
- Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (B.S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (B.S.); (W.Z.)
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10
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Sun Y, Li X, Najeeb U, Hou Z, Buttar NA, Yang Z, Ali B, Xu L. Soil applied silicon and manganese combined with foliar application of 5-aminolevulinic acid mediate photosynthetic recovery in Cd-stressed Salvia miltiorrhiza by regulating Cd-transporter genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1011872. [PMID: 36247621 PMCID: PMC9558727 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1011872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza is an important medicinal plant that experiences significant growth and biomass losses when cultivated on cadmium (Cd) contaminated soils. High Cd accumulation in plant tissues also increases the risk of metal entry into the food chain. In this study, we proposed that Cd accumulation in S. miltiorrhiza can be restricted through plant growth regulators and nutrient management. Therefore, S. miltiorrhiza seedlings were transplanted into mixed nutrient soil for two weeks, then treated with 30 mg kg-1 CdCl2, 200 mg kg-1 Na2SiO3·9H2O, and 100 mg kg-1 MnSO4, and simultaneously sprayed with 10 mg L-1 ALA on the leaves one week later. This study showed that elevated Cd accumulation significantly reduced plant growth and biomass. This growth inhibition damaged photosynthetic machinery and impaired carbon assimilation. In contrast, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) significantly promoted the biomass of S. miltiorrhiza, and the dry weight of plants treated with ALA combined with manganese (Mn)/silicon (Si) increased by 42% and 55% as compared with Cd+Mn and Cd+Si treatments. Exogenously applied ALA and Si/Mn significantly activated antioxidant enzymes and promoted the growth recovery of S. miltiorrhiza. Further, exogenous ALA also reduced the Cd concentration in S. miltiorrhiza, especially when combined with Si. Compared with the Cd+Si treatment, the Cd+Si+ALA treatment reduced the Cd concentration in roots and leaves by 59% and 60%, respectively. Gene expression analysis suggested that ALA and Si significantly up-regulated genes associated with Cd transport. Other genes related to heavy metal tolerance mechanisms are also regulated to cope with heavy metal stress. These results indicated that the combined action of ALA and Si/Mn could reduce Cd-toxicity by increasing chlorophyll content and changing oxidative stress and can also affect Cd accumulation by regulating gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuee Sun
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ullah Najeeb
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Zhuoni Hou
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Noman Ali Buttar
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Zongqi Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Ling Xu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Zhou X, Shi A, Rensing C, Yang J, Ni W, Xing S, Yang W. Wood vinegar facilitated growth and Cd/Zn phytoextraction of Sedum alfredii Hance by improving rhizosphere chemical properties and regulating bacterial community. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119266. [PMID: 35413404 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil Cd and Zn contamination has become a serious environmental problem. This work explored the performance of wood vinegar (WV) in enhancing the phytoextraction of Cd/Zn by hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance. Rhizosphere chemical properties, enzyme activities and bacterial community were analyzed to determine the mechanisms of metal accumulation in this process. Results demonstrated that, after 120 days growth, different times dilution of WV increased the shoot biomass of S. alfredii by 85.2%-148%. In addition, WV application significantly increased soil available Cd and Zn by lowing soil pH, which facilitated plant uptake. The optimal Cd and Zn phytoextraction occurred from the 100 times diluted WV (D100), which increased the Cd and Zn extraction by 188% and 164%, compared to CK. The 100 and 50 times diluted WV significantly increased soil total and available carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, and enhancing enzyme activities of urease, acid phosphatase, invertase and protease by 10.1-21.4%, 29.1-42.7%,12.2-38.3% and 26.8-85.7%, respectively, compared to CK. High-throughput sequencing revealed that the D 100 significantly increased the bacterial diversity compared to CK. Soil bacterial compositions at phylum, family and genera level were changed by WV addition. Compared to CK, WV application increased the relative abundances of genus with plant growth promotion and metal mobilization function such as, Bacillus, Gemmatimonas, Streptomyces, Sphingomonas and Polycyclovorans, which was positively correlated to biomass, Cd/Zn concentrations and extractions by S. alfredii. Structural equation modeling analysis showed that, soil chemical properties, enzyme activities and bacterial abundance directly or indirectly contributed to the biomass promotion, Cd, and Zn extraction by S. alfredii. To sum up, WV improved phytoextraction efficiency by enhancing plant growth, Cd and Zn extraction and increasing soil nutrients, enzyme activities, and modifying bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - An Shi
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Christopher Rensing
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wuzhong Ni
- College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shihe Xing
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wenhao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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12
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Zhao X, Lei M, Gu R. Knowledge Mapping of the Phytoremediation of Cadmium-Contaminated Soil: A Bibliometric Analysis from 1994 to 2021. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19126987. [PMID: 35742236 PMCID: PMC9222242 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19126987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium pollution of soil threatens the environmental quality and human health. Phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated soil has attracted global attention in recent decades. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive and systematic review of the literature on phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated soil based on bibliometric analysis. A total of 5494 articles published between 1994 and 2021 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Our knowledge mapping presented the authors, journals, countries, institutions, and other basic information to understand the development status of phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated soil. Based on a keyword cluster analysis, the identified major research domains were "biochar", "Thlaspi caerulescens", "endophytic bacteria", "oxidative stress", "EDTA", and "bioconcentration factor". Overall, this study provided a detailed summary of research trends and hotspots. Based on the keyword co-occurrence and burst analysis, the core concepts and basic theories of this field were completed in 2011. However, the pace of theoretical development has been relatively slow. Finally, future research trends/frontiers were proposed, such as biochar addition, rhizosphere bacterial community manipulation, cadmium subcellular distribution, and health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhao
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei Lei
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-64889115
| | - Runyao Gu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China;
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13
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Lee JS, Jahani M, Huang K, Mandel JR, Marek LF, Burke JM, Langlade NB, Owens GL, Rieseberg LH. Expression complementation of gene presence/absence polymorphisms in hybrids contributes importantly to heterosis in sunflower. J Adv Res 2022; 42:83-98. [PMID: 36513422 PMCID: PMC9788961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous crops have transitioned to hybrid seed production to increase yields and yield stability through heterosis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying heterosis and its stability across environments are not yet fully understood. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to (1) elucidate the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying heterosis in sunflower, and (2) determine how heterosis is maintained under different environments. METHODS Genome-wide association (GWA) analyses were employed to assess the effects of presence/absence variants (PAVs) and stop codons on 16 traits phenotyped in the sunflower association mapping population at three locations. To link the GWA results to transcriptomic variation, we sequenced the transcriptomes of two sunflower cultivars and their F1 hybrid (INEDI) under both control and drought conditions and analyzed patterns of gene expression and alternative splicing. RESULTS Thousands of PAVs were found to affect phenotypic variation using a relaxed significance threshold, and at most such loci the "absence" allele reduced values of heterotic traits, but not those of non-heterotic traits. This pattern was strengthened for PAVs that showed expression complementation in INEDI. Stop codons were much rarer than PAVs and less likely to reduce heterotic trait values. Hybrid expression patterns were enriched for the GO category, sensitivity to stimulus, but all genotypes responded to drought similarily - by up-regulating water stress response pathways and down-regulating metabolic pathways. Changes in alternative splicing were strongly negatively correlated with expression variation, implying that alternative splicing in this system largely acts to reinforce expression responses. CONCLUSION Our results imply that complementation of expression of PAVs in hybrids is a major contributor to heterosis in sunflower, consistent with the dominance model of heterosis. This mechanism can account for yield stability across different environments. Moreover, given the much larger numbers of PAVs in plant vs. animal genomes, it also offers an explanation for the stronger heterotic responses seen in the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Seon Lee
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mojtaba Jahani
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kaichi Huang
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jennifer R. Mandel
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Biodiversity, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Laura F. Marek
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - John M. Burke
- Department of Plant Biology, Miller Plant Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, Georgia
| | | | - Gregory L. Owens
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Loren H. Rieseberg
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada,Corresponding author.
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14
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Xu L, Cao M, Wang Q, Xu J, Liu C, Ullah N, Li J, Hou Z, Liang Z, Zhou W, Liu A. Insights into the plateau adaptation of Salvia castanea by comparative genomic and WGCNA analyses. J Adv Res 2022; 42:221-235. [PMID: 36089521 PMCID: PMC9788944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Salvia castanea, a wild plant species is adapted to extreme Qinghai-Tibetan plateau (QTP) environments. It is also used for medicinal purposes due to high ingredient of tanshinone IIA (T-IIA). Despite its importance to Chinese medicinal industry, the mechanisms associated with secondary metabolites accumulation (i.e. T-IIA and rosmarinic acid (RA)) in this species have not been characterized. Also, the role of special underground tissues in QTP adaptation of S. castanea is still unknown. OBJECTIVES We explored the phenomenon of periderm-like structure in underground stem center of S. castanea with an aim to unravel the molecular evolutionary mechanisms of QTP adaptation in this species. METHODS Morphologic observation and full-length transcriptome of S. castanea plants were conducted. Comparative genomic analyses of S. castanea with other 14 representative species were used to reveal its phylogenetic position and molecular evolutionary mechanisms. RNA-seq and WGCNA analyses were applied to understand the mechanisms of high accumulations of T-IIA and RA in S. castanea tissues. RESULTS Based on anatomical observations, we proposed a "trunk-branches" developmental model to explain periderm-like structure in the center of underground stem of S. castanea. Our study suggested that S. castanea branched off from cultivated Danshen around 16 million years ago. During the evolutionary process, significantly expanded orthologous gene groups, 24 species-specific and 64 positively selected genes contributed to morphogenesis and QTP adaptation in S. castanea. RNA-seq and WGCNA analyses unraveled underlying mechanisms of high accumulations of T-IIA and RA in S. castanea and identified NAC29 and TGA22 as key transcription factors. CONCLUSION We proposed a "trunk-branches" developmental model for the underground stem in S. castanea. Adaptations to extreme QTP environment in S. castanea are associated with accumulations of high secondary metabolites in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Mengting Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qichao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiahao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chenglin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Najeeb Ullah
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Plant Science, the University of Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia,Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhuoni Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Ake Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China,Corresponding authors.
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15
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Ju W, Duan C, Liu L, Jin X, Bravo-Ruiseco G, Mei Y, Fang L. Reduction of Cu and nitrate leaching risk associated with EDDS-enhanced phytoextraction process by exogenous inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132288. [PMID: 34555581 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable chelant (S,S)-N,N'-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) has the more advantages of enhanced metal mobility, rapid degradation, environmental friendliness, and ammonium release. However, the risk of metal and/or nitrate residues and leaching within EDDS biodegradation remains as the bottleneck for the widespread application of EDDS-induced phytoremediation. This study aims to explore if the inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) can eliminate the risk associated with the short-term application of EDDS by investigating Cu phytoextraction and soil nitrate content. Results showed that EDDS application significantly increased the copper (Cu) concentration in shoots, soil total Cu, NH4+-N and NO3--N content, but decreased plant biomass. The inoculation of PGPRs in the soil showed a strong ability to increase plant biomass, Cu phytoextraction and soil NH4+-N content, and decrease soil Cu and NO3--N content. Moreover, bacterial dominant taxa were found to be the largest contributors to soil NH4+-N and NO3--N variation, and the abundance of denitrifying bacteria (Bacteroidetes and Stenotrophomonas) decreased in the treatment with PGPRs. The risk of residual Cu and nitrate leaching was reduced by the inoculation of PGPRs without significantly changing the stability of the bacterial community. These new findings indicate that the exogenous application of beneficial rhizobacteria can provide an effective strategy to reduce the risk in metal-contaminated soils of chelant-assisted phytoextraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chengjiao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaolian Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Gabriela Bravo-Ruiseco
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yuxia Mei
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Linchuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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16
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Min T, Luo T, Chen L, Lu W, Wang Y, Cheng L, Ru S, Li J. Effect of dissolved organic matter on the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil by cotton. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 226:112842. [PMID: 34624530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) assists in the phytoremediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soils, but the effect of synergistic remediation of DOM on plants is unclear. This study investigated the effect of two DOM sources (cotton straw (CM) DOM and farmyard manure (FM) DOM) on cadmium (Cd) accumulation in Cd-contaminated soil by cotton and evaluated the phytoremediation effect of DOM. The results showed that adding DOM reduced the available nitrogen and increased organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium. Applying DOM increased the proportions of Cd acid soluble fractions and reduced the proportions of Cd residual fractions by 1-7%. DOM application increased root length, root surface area and root volume compared to the control and had a promoting or inhibiting effect on cotton biomass, depending on the soil Cd concentration. Furthermore, applying DOM improved the Cd content and bioconcentration factor of cotton. The lower the molecular weight, hydrophilic components and aromaticity of DOM, the more conducive to Cd accumulation is in cotton. The correlation and random forest analyses also showed that CM showed high remediation potential. According to our study, DOM can improve the phytoremediation efficiency of cotton, especially in low-concentration contaminated soils. This study provides a basis for applying DOM in the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Min
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi, China
| | - Tong Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi, China
| | - Lili Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi, China
| | - Weidan Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi, China
| | - Yan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi, China
| | - Liyang Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi, China
| | - Sibo Ru
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi, China
| | - Junhua Li
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi, China.
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17
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Li J, Li X, Han P, Liu H, Gong J, Zhou W, Shi B, Liu A, Xu L. Genome-wide investigation of bHLH genes and expression analysis under different biotic and abiotic stresses in Helianthus annuus L. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:72-83. [PMID: 34411617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors play important roles in many processes such as plant growth, metabolism and response to biotic/abiotic stresses. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is a major oil crop, cultivated throughout the world. However, no systematic characterization of bHLH gene members in sunflower (HabHLH) and their functions involved in drought, cadmium tolerance and Orobanche cumana resistance has been reported yet. In this study, 183 HabHLH genes were identified and named according to their chromosomal locations. We classified these proteins into 21 subfamilies by phylogenetic tree analysis. Subsequently, DNA-binding patterns, sequence analysis, duplication analysis and gene structures were analyzed. All of the HabHLH genes were randomly distributed on 17 chromosomes, and 10 pairs of tandem duplicated genes and one pair of segmental duplicated genes were detected in the HabHLH family. Among the duplicated gene pairs, eight pairs of HabHLH genes suffer from positive selection. Moreover, qRT-PCR results revealed significant up-regulated expression of HabHLH024 gene in response to both abiotic (cadmium, drought) and biotic (Orobanche cumana) stresses, suggesting its important functions in response to different stresses. Therefore, HabHLH024 would be the potential candidate gene for the sunflower tolerance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Li
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Li
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Peng Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China
| | - Hui Liu
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment and The UWA Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jianchuan Gong
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bixian Shi
- Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Ake Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China.
| | - Ling Xu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Sun W, Zhan J, Zheng T, Wu G, Xu H, Chen Y, Yao M, Zeng J, Yan J, Chen H. Involvement of several putative transporters of different families in β-cyclocitral-induced alleviation of cadmium toxicity in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) seedlings. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126474. [PMID: 34186425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) has a serious negative impact on crop growth and human food security. This study investigated the alleviating effect of β-cyclocitral, a potential heavy metal barrier, on Cd stress in quinoa seedlings and the associated mechanisms. Our results showed that β-cyclocitral alleviated Cd stress-induced growth inhibition in quinoa seedlings and promoted quinoa seedling root development under Cd stress. Moreover, it maintained the antioxidant system of quinoa seedlings, including the enzymatic, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and nonenzymatic, i.e., reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (ASA), antioxidants, which eliminate the damage from excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results showed that β-cyclocitral could reduce the amount of Cd absorbed by roots. Furthermore, we systematically identified five transporter families from the quinoa genome, and the RT-qPCR results showed that ZIP, Nramp and YSL gene families were downregulated by β-cyclocitral to reduce Cd uptake by roots. Thus, β-cyclocitral promoted the growth, photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant capacity of the aboveground parts of quinoa seedlings. Taken together, these results suggested that the β-cyclocitral-induced decrease in Cd uptake may be caused by the downregulation of several selected transporter genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Sun
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Junyi Zhan
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210032, China.
| | - Tianrun Zheng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Guoming Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Haishen Xu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Min Yao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Jing Zeng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Jun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture Rural Affairs, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
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19
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Kumar D, Seth CS. Photosynthesis, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidative responses of Helianthus annuus L. against chromium (VI) accumulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 24:1-10. [PMID: 34379027 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1958747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study was performed to address how Cr(VI) posed its toxicities on photosynthesis, lipid peroxidation, and its retaliation by antioxidative system of Helianthus annuus L. during Cr(VI) accumulation. For this, a pot experiment was performed wherein three different concentrations viz, 15, 30, and 60 mg Cr(VI) kg-1 soil were applied to Helianthus annuus L. at the time of seeds sowing. The results revealed that Cr(VI) accumulation was two to three folds higher in roots than in shoots which suggests that root is the major site for Cr(VI) accumulation. It was observed that with increasing doses of Cr(VI), growth indices hampered significantly, along with closure of stomata and damaged guard and epidermal cells. Photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids), leaf gaseous exchange parameters (A, E, GH2O), and PSII efficiency (Fv/Fm) worsened under Cr(VI) toxicity in dose dependent manner. Cr(VI) accumulation intensified the lipid peroxidation, too by triggering the MDA and H2O2 production, however, the plant responded well against the lipid peroxidation by enhancing the coordinated action of enzymatic (SOD, APX, GR) and non-enzymatic (GSH, AsA) antioxidants. In a nutshell, Helianthus annuus L. could be used as a potential Cr(VI) accumulator because of its good tolerance strategies against Cr(VI) toxicities.NOVELTY STATEMENT The results revealed that Cr(VI) accumulation was two to three folds higher in roots than in shoots which suggests that root is the major site for Cr(VI) accumulation. Photosynthetic pigments, leaf gaseous exchange parameters, and Fv/Fm worsened under Cr(VI) toxicity. Cr(VI) accumulation intensified lipid peroxidation by triggering MDA and H2O2 production, however, the plant responded well against the lipid peroxidation by enhancing the coordinated action of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. In a nutshell, Helianthus annuus L. could be used as a potential Cr(VI) accumulator because of its good tolerance strategies against Cr(VI) toxicities.
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Effect of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) on Leaf Chlorophyll Fast Fluorescence Characteristics and Mineral Element Content of Buxus megistophylla Grown along Urban Roadsides. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7050095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that trees grown on roadsides suffer from stressful environments, including poor soils, bad weather, and harmful gases from automobile exhaust. Improving the adaptability of roadside trees to adverse environments is important for urban management. An experiment was carried out with six-year-old Buxus megistophylla Levl. hedgerows, where 20 mg/L 5-aminolevulinic acids (5-ALA) solution was sprayed on the blade surface at the end of April. Three months later, plant morphology, chlorophyll fast fluorescence characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activities and the mineral element content were investigated. The results showed that leaf size and thickness were significantly greater with 5-ALA treatment, and the leaf color was also greener than those of the control. 5-ALA treatment significantly promoted the electron transfer activity of the PSII reaction center on the donor side, the reaction center itself and the receptor side. It reduced energy dissipation through the heat with increased photochemical quantum yields. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in leaves and roots, were stimulated by 5-ALA treatment. The content of soluble sugars and free proline in leaves was significantly increased by 5-ALA treatment, as were the absorption and accumulation of several kinds of mineral nutrient elements, such as nitrogen, phosphate, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper and boron. Additionally, 5-ALA application significantly increased the content of cadmium, mercury, chromium and lead in the roots but decreased them in the leaves. This implies that 5-ALA may induce a mechanism in B. megistophylla in which toxic elements were intercepted in roots to avoid accumulation in leaves, which ensured healthy growth of the aboveground tissues. 5-ALA may regulate the absorption and utilization of mineral nutrient elements in soil with the interception of toxic heavy metal elements in roots, promote leaf photosynthetic performance, induce the accumulation of soluble sugars and free proline, and improve the antioxidant enzyme systems for plants to adapt to the stressful environment of urban roads. These results provide a basis for 5-ALA applications alongside city roads.
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21
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Yap CK, Chew W, Al-Mutairi KA, Al-Shami SA, Nulit R, Ibrahim MH, Wong KW, Bakhtiari AR, Sharifinia M, Cheng WH, Okamura H, Ismail MS, Saleem M. Invasive Weed Asystasia gangetica as a Potential Biomonitor and a Phytoremediator of Potentially Toxic Metals: A Case Study in Peninsular Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094682. [PMID: 33924835 PMCID: PMC8124176 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The invasive weed Asystasia gangetica was investigated for its potential as a biomonitor and as a phytoremediator of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in Peninsular Malaysia owing to its ecological resistance towards unfavourable environments. The biomonitoring potential of PTMs was determined based on the correlation analysis of the metals in the different parts of the plant (leaves, stems, and roots) and its habitat topsoils. In the roots, the concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn ranged from 0.03 to 2.18, 9.22 to 139, 0.63 to 5.47, 2.43 to 10.5, and 50.7 to 300, respectively. In the leaves, the concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn ranged from 0.03 to 1.16, 7.94 to 20.2, 0.03 to 6.13, 2.10 to 21.8, and 18.8 to 160, respectively. In the stems, the concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn ranged from 0.03 to 1.25, 5.57 to 11.8, 0.23 to 3.69, 0.01 to 7.79, and 26.4 to 246, respectively. On the other hand, the phytoremediation potential of the five metals was estimated based on the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and the translocation factor (TF) values. Correlation analysis revealed that the roots and stems could be used as biomonitors of Cu, the stems as biomonitors of Ni, the roots and leaves as biomonitors of Pb, and all three parts of the plant as biomonitors of Zn. According to the BCF values, in the topsoil, the “easily, freely, leachable, or exchangeable” geochemical fractions of the five metals could be more easily transferred to the roots, leaves, and stems when compared with total concentrations. Based on the TF values of Cd, Ni, and Pb, the metal transfer to the stems (or leaves) from the roots was efficient (>1.0) at most sampling sites. The results of BCF and TF showed that A. gangetica was a good phytoextractor for Cd and Ni, and a good phytostabilizer for Cu, Pb, and Zn. Therefore, A. gangetica is a good candidate as a biomonitor and a phytoremediator of Ni, Pb, and Zn for sustainable contaminant remediation subject to suitable field management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Kong Yap
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (W.C.); (R.N.); (M.H.I.); (K.W.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Weiyun Chew
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (W.C.); (R.N.); (M.H.I.); (K.W.W.)
| | | | - Salman Abdo Al-Shami
- Indian River Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA;
| | - Rosimah Nulit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (W.C.); (R.N.); (M.H.I.); (K.W.W.)
| | - Mohd Hafiz Ibrahim
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (W.C.); (R.N.); (M.H.I.); (K.W.W.)
| | - Koe Wei Wong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (W.C.); (R.N.); (M.H.I.); (K.W.W.)
| | - Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor 46417-76489, Iran;
| | - Moslem Sharifinia
- Shrimp Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bushehr 75169-89177, Iran;
| | - Wan Hee Cheng
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Inti International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Nilai 71800, Malaysia;
| | - Hideo Okamura
- Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Faculty of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe 658-0022, Japan;
| | | | - Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, Government Post Graduate College Mirpur, Affiliated Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250, Pakistan;
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