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Biney M, Gusiatin MZ. Biochar from Co-Pyrolyzed Municipal Sewage Sludge (MSS): Part 2: Biochar Characterization and Application in the Remediation of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3850. [PMID: 39124513 PMCID: PMC11314058 DOI: 10.3390/ma17153850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The disposal of municipal sewage sludge (MSS) from wastewater treatment plants poses a major environmental challenge due to the presence of inorganic and organic pollutants. Co-pyrolysis, in which MSS is thermally decomposed in combination with biomass feedstocks, has proven to be a promising method to immobilize inorganic pollutants, reduce the content of organic pollutants, reduce the toxicity of biochar and improve biochar's physical and chemical properties. This part of the review systematically examines the effects of various co-substrates on the physical and chemical properties of MSS biochar. This review also addresses the effects of the pyrolysis conditions (temperature and mixing ratio) on the content and stability of the emerging pollutants in biochar. Finally, this review summarizes the results of recent studies to provide an overview of the current status of the application of MSS biochar from pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis for the remediation of HM-contaminated soils. This includes consideration of the soil and heavy metal types, experimental conditions, and the efficiency of HM immobilization. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential of MSS biochar for environmental sustainability and offers insights into future research directions for optimizing biochar applications in soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariusz Z. Gusiatin
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna Str. 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland;
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2
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Lu Y, Gu K, Wang X, Shen Z, Tang CS, Shi B, Zhou Q. The role of soil structure on the cracking and cadmium leaching behavior of biochar-amended fine-grained soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142596. [PMID: 38876326 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Biochar has shown promising potential for soil remediation, yet its impact on heavy metals (HMs) immobilization often overlooks soil structure, which could influence soil cracking behavior and HMs transport. To address this gap, this study investigates the role of soil structure (dry density and aggregate size) on the cracking and cadmium (Cd) leaching behavior of biochar-amended fine-grained soils. A series of semi-dynamic leaching tests were conducted on samples with and without wetting-drying (W-D) cycles. Based on the proposed improved method for quantifying the effective diffusion coefficient (De) of Cd in unsaturated soils and microstructural analyses, we found that: (1) Higher dry density and larger aggregate generally resulted in smaller De by decreasing soil pore volume. (2) Biochar could connect isolated pores within large aggregates through its internal pores, yielding greater increases in De (294.8%-469.0%) compared to small aggregates (29.1%-77.4%) with 3% biochar. However, further increases in biochar dosage led to decreased De, primarily due to the dense pore structure. (3) Biochar effectively inhibited soil cracking, achieving the highest reduction of 36.8% in surface crack ratio. (4) After W-D cycles, samples exhibited higher De with increasing dry density, with aggravated cracking being the primary cause, suggesting preferential flow within the cracks, particularly those penetrating the soil. This study highlights the importance of careful consideration of soil structure and cracking potential before in situ field application of biochar as a remediation agent for HMs-contaminated fine-grained soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kai Gu
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhengtao Shen
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chao-Sheng Tang
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bin Shi
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qiyou Zhou
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Biney M, Gusiatin MZ. Biochar from Co-Pyrolyzed Municipal Sewage Sludge (MSS): Part 1: Evaluating Types of Co-Substrates and Co-Pyrolysis Conditions. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3603. [PMID: 39063895 PMCID: PMC11278580 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
With the increasing production of municipal sewage sludge (MSS) worldwide, the development of efficient and sustainable strategies for its management is crucial. Pyrolysis of MSS offers several benefits, including volume reduction, pathogen elimination, and energy recovery through the production of biochar, syngas, and bio-oil. However, the process can be limited by the composition of the MSS, which can affect the quality of the biochar. Co-pyrolysis has emerged as a promising solution for the sustainable management of MSS, reducing the toxicity of biochar and improving its physical and chemical properties to expand its potential applications. This review discusses the status of MSS as a feedstock for biochar production. It describes the types and properties of various co-substrates grouped according to European biochar certification requirements, including those from forestry and wood processing, agriculture, food processing residues, recycling, anaerobic digestion, and other sources. In addition, the review addresses the optimization of co-pyrolysis conditions, including the type of furnace, mixing ratio of MSS and co-substrate, co-pyrolysis temperature, residence time, heating rate, type of inert gas, and flow rate. This overview shows the potential of different biomass types for the upgrading of MSS biochar and provides a basis for research into new co-substrates. This approach not only mitigates the environmental impact of MSS but also contributes to the wider goal of achieving a circular economy in MSS management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariusz Z. Gusiatin
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna Str. 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland;
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Huang H, Yu J, Chen L, Zhang L, Li T, Ye D, Zhang X, Wang Y, Zheng Z, Liu T, Yu H. The effect of different amendments on Cd availability and bacterial community after three-year consecutive application in Cd-contaminated paddy soils. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 259:119459. [PMID: 38942257 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
In situ immobilization is a widely used measure for passivating Cd-contaminated soils. Amendments need to be continuously applied to achieve stable remediation effects. However, few studies have evaluated the impact of consecutive application of amendments on soil health and the microecological environment. A field experiment was conducted in a Cd-contaminated paddy (available Cd concentration 0.40 mg kg-1) on the Chengdu Plain to investigate the changes in soil Cd availability and response characteristics of soil bacterial communities after consecutive application of rice straw biochar (SW), fly ash (FM) and marble powder (YH) amendments from 2018 to 2020. Compared with control treatment without amendments (CK), soil pH increased by 0.6, 0.5 and 1.5 under SW, FM and YH amendments, respectively, and the soil available Cd concentration decreased by 10.71%, 21.42% and 25.00%, respectively. The Cd concentration in rice grain was less than 0.2 mg kg-1 under YH amendment, which was within the Chinese Contaminant Limit in Food of National Food Safety Standards (GB2762-2022) in the second and third years. The three amendments had different effects on the transformation of Cd fractions in soil, which may be relevant to the specific bacterial communities shaped under different treatments. The proportion of Fe-Mn oxide-bound fraction Cd (OX-Cd) increased by 11% under YH treatment, which may be due to the promotion of Fe(III) and Cd binding by some enriched iron-oxidizing bacteria, such as Lysobacter, uncultured_Pelobacter sp. and Sulfurifusis. Candidatus_Tenderia and Sideroxydans were enriched under SW and FM amendments, respectively, and were likely beneficial for reducing Cd availability in soil through Cd immobilization. These results revealed the significance of the bacterial community in soil Cd immobilization after consecutive application of amendments and highlighted the potential of applying YH amendment to ensure the safe production of rice in Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huagang Huang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Jieyi Yu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Lan Chen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Tingxuan Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Daihua Ye
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Xizhou Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Yongdong Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Zicheng Zheng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Haiying Yu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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Ghandali MV, Safarzadeh S, Ghasemi-Fasaei R, Zeinali S. Heavy metals immobilization and bioavailability in multi-metal contaminated soil under ryegrass cultivation as affected by ZnO and MnO 2 nanoparticle-modified biochar. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10684. [PMID: 38724636 PMCID: PMC11082237 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pollution by heavy metals (HMs) has become a global problem for agriculture and the environment. In this study, the effects of pristine biochar and biochar modified with manganese dioxide (BC@MnO2) and zinc oxide (BC@ZnO) nanoparticles on the immobilization and bioavailability of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Ni in soil under ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivation were investigated. The results of SEM-EDX, FTIR, and XRD showed that ZnO and MnO2 nanoparticles were successfully loaded onto biochar. The results showed that BC, BC@MnO2 and BC@ZnO treatments significantly increased shoots and roots dry weight of ryegrass compared to the control. The maximum dry weight of root and shoot (1.365 g pot-1 and 4.163 g pot-1, respectively) was reached at 1% BC@MnO2. The HMs uptake by ryegrass roots and shoots decreased significantly after addition of amendments. The lowest Pb, Cd, Zn and Ni uptake in the plant shoot (13.176, 24.92, 32.407, and 53.88 µg pot-1, respectively) was obtained in the 1% BC@MnO2 treatment. Modified biochar was more successful in reducing HMs uptake by ryegrass and improving plant growth than pristine biochar and can therefore be used as an efficient and cost effective amendment for the remediation of HMs contaminated soils. The lowest HMs translocation (TF) and bioconcentration factors were related to the 1% BC@MnO2 treatment. Therefore, BC@MnO2 was the most successful treatment for HMs immobilization in soil. Also, a comparison of the TF values of plant showed that ryegrass had a good ability to accumulate all studied HMs in its roots, and it is a suitable plant for HMs phytostabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sedigheh Safarzadeh
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Reza Ghasemi-Fasaei
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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6
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Wu J, Fu X, Zhao L, Lv J, Lv S, Shang J, Lv J, Du S, Guo H, Ma F. Biochar as a partner of plants and beneficial microorganisms to assist in-situ bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171442. [PMID: 38453085 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Synergistic remediation of heavy metal (HM) contaminated soil using beneficial microorganisms (BM) and plants is a common and effective in situ bioremediation method. However, the shortcomings of this approach are the low colonisation of BM under high levels of heavy metal stress (HMS) and the poor state of plant growth. Previous studies have overlooked the potential of biochar to mitigate the above problems and aid in-situ remediation. Therefore, this paper describes the characteristics and physicochemical properties of biochar. It is proposed that biochar enhances plant resistance to HMS and aids in situ bioremediation by increasing colonisation of BM and HM stability. On this basis, the paper focuses on the following possible mechanisms: specific biochar-derived organic matter regulates the transport of HMs in plants and promotes mycorrhizal colonisation via the abscisic acid signalling pathway and the karrikin signalling pathway; promotes the growth-promoting pathway of indole-3-acetic acid and increases expression of the nodule-initiating gene NIN; improvement of soil HM stability by ion exchange, electrostatic adsorption, redox and complex precipitation mechanisms. And this paper summarizes guidelines on how to use biochar-assisted remediation based on current research for reference. Finally, the paper identifies research gaps in biochar in the direction of promoting beneficial microbial symbiotic mechanisms, recognition and function of organic molecules, and factors affecting practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieting Wu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| | - Xiaofan Fu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jin Lv
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Sidi Lv
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Jing Shang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Jiaxuan Lv
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Shuxuan Du
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Haijuan Guo
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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7
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Zhang Y, Fu P, Ni W, Zhang S, Li S, Deng W, Hu W, Li J, Pei F, Du L, Wang Y. A review of solid wastes-based stabilizers for remediating heavy metals co-contaminated soil: Applications and challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:170667. [PMID: 38331289 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The remediation of heavy metals/metalloids (HMs) co-contaminated soil by solid wastes-based stabilizers (SWBS) has received major concern recently. Based on the literature reported in the latest years (2010-2023), this review systematically summarizes the different types of solid wastes (e.g., steel slag, coal fly ash, red mud, and sewage sludge, etc.) employed to stabilize HMs contaminated soil, and presents results from laboratory and field experiments. Firstly, the suitable solid wastes for soil remediation are reviewed, and the pros and cons are presented. Thereafter, the technical feasibility and economic benefit are evaluated for field application. Moreover, evaluation methods for remediation of different types of HMs-contaminated soil and the effects of SWBS on soil properties are summarized. Finally, due to the large specific surface, porous structure, and high reactivity, the SWBS can effectively stabilize HMs via adsorption, complexation, co/precipitation, ion exchange, electrostatic interaction, redox, and hydration process. Importantly, the environmental implications and long-term effectiveness associated with the utilization of solid wastes are highlighted, which are challenges for practical implementation of soil stabilization using SWBS, because the aging of soil/solid wastes has not been thoroughly investigated. Future attention should focus on modifying the SWBS and establishing an integrated long-term stability evaluation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Zhang
- School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pingfeng Fu
- School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Wen Ni
- School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Sheng Li
- School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei Deng
- School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Civil and Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fuyun Pei
- CECEP Tech and Ecology & Environment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518017, China
| | - Linfeng Du
- CECEP Tech and Ecology & Environment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518017, China
| | - Yueling Wang
- CECEP Tech and Ecology & Environment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518017, China
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Mitzia A, Böserle Hudcová B, Vítková M, Kunteová B, Casadiego Hernandez D, Moško J, Pohořelý M, Grasserová A, Cajthaml T, Komárek M. Pyrolysed sewage sludge for metal(loid) removal and immobilisation in contrasting soils: Exploring variety of risk elements across contamination levels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170572. [PMID: 38309337 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Efficient treatment of sewage sludge may transform waste into stable materials with minimised hazardous properties ready for secondary use. Pyrolysed sewage sludge, sludgechar, has multiple environmental benefits including contaminant sorption capacity and nutrient recycling. The properties of five sludgechars were tested firstly for adsorption efficiency in laboratory solutions before prospective application to soils. A wide variety of metal(loid)s (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn) was involved. Secondly, the sludgechars (3 % v/v) were incubated in five soils differing in (multi)-metal(loid) presence and the level of contamination. The main aim was to evaluate the metal(loid) immobilisation potential of the sludgechars for soil remediation. Moreover, nutrient supply was investigated to comprehensively assess the material's benefits for soils. All sludgechars were efficient (up to 100 %) for the removal of metal cations while their efficiency for metal(loid) anions was limited in aqueous solutions. Phosphates and sulphates were identified crucial for metal(loid) capture, based on SEM/EDS, XRD and MINTEQ findings. In soils, important fluctuations were observed for Zn, being partially immobilised by the sludgechars in high-Zntot soils, while partially solubilised in moderate to low-Zntot soils. Moreover, pH showed to be crucial for material stability, metal(loid) adsorption ability and their immobilisation in soils. Although metal(loid) retention was generally low in soils, nutrient enrichment was significant after sludgechar application. Long-term evaluation of the material sorption efficiency, nutrient supply, and ageing in soil environments will be necessary in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Mitzia
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Böserle Hudcová
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Vítková
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Kunteová
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Casadiego Hernandez
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Moško
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 135, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Department of Power Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Pohořelý
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 135, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Department of Power Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Grasserová
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Praha 4 - Krč, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Cajthaml
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Praha 4 - Krč, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Komárek
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic
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9
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Lima JZ, Ogura AP, Espíndola ELG, Ferreira da Silva E, Rodrigues VGS. Post-sorption of Cd, Pb, and Zn onto peat, compost, and biochar: Short-term effects of ecotoxicity and bioaccessibility. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141521. [PMID: 38395370 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Contamination by potentially toxic metals and metalloids (PTMs) has become a significant health and environmental issue worldwide. Sorption has emerged as one of the most prominent strategies for remediating both soil and water contamination. New sorbents are being developed to provide economically viable and environmentally sound alternatives, in alignment with the principles of the Sustainable Development Goals. This research aimed to assess the potential effects on human health and environmental toxicity following the sorption of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) using peat, compost, and biochar as sorbents. The peat was collected in Brazil, a country with a tropical climate, while the compost and biochar were produced from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). In terms of bioaccessibility, the results showed the following order: compost < biochar < peat for Pb, and compost < peat < biochar for Cd and Zn. There was a significant growth inhibition for Eruca sativa and Zea mays exposed to increasing concentrations of PTMs treated with peat and compost. The presence of contaminants played a decisive role on immobilization of neonates of Ceriodaphnia silvestrii after treatments with compost and, especially, peat. However, the biochar addition rate caused a significant influence on the outcomes of ecotoxicity across all tested species. Although the samples treated with biochar exhibited lower residual concentrations of PTMs than those treated with compost and peat, the inherent toxicity of biochar might be attributed to the material itself. The exposure to residual PTM concentrations post-desorption caused ecotoxic effects on tested species, emphasizing the need to assess PTM desorption potential. Peat, compost, and biochar are promising alternatives for the sorption of PTMs, but the addition rates must be properly adjusted to avoid the occurrence of undesirable ecotoxicological effects. This research offers valuable insights for sustainable environmental management and protection by thoroughly investigating the impacts of different sorbents and contaminants on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Zanin Lima
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil; GeoBioTec, Department of Geoscience, University of Aveiro, Campus of Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal.
| | - Allan Pretti Ogura
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/LPB/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espíndola
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/LPB/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ferreira da Silva
- GeoBioTec, Department of Geoscience, University of Aveiro, Campus of Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
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10
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Li X, Li R, Zhan M, Hou Q, Zhang H, Wu G, Ding L, Lv X, Xu Y. Combined magnetic biochar and ryegrass enhanced the remediation effect of soils contaminated with multiple heavy metals. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 185:108498. [PMID: 38402711 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Biochar is a very promising material for soil remediation. However, most studies mainly focus on the adsorption ability of biochar on one heavy metal, which is difficult to evaluate the actual remediation effect since soils were contaminated with multiple heavy metals. In order to improve the soil remediation efficiency, we used the joint remediation method of magnetically modified biochar and ryegrass to remediate the soil polluted by compound heavy metals (chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic and cadmium), and evaluate the effect on the process of organic carbon mineralization in polluted soils. It was found that magnetic biochar and ryegrass together decreased the concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Cd in soils by 24.12 %, 23.30 %, 22.01 %, 9.98 %, 14.83 %, and 15.08 %, respectively, and reduced the available fractions. Ryegrass roots were the main accumulation part of heavy metals, and the order of enrichment effect was ranked as Zn > As > Cr > Cu > Ni > Cd. In addition, magnetic biochar can maintained the stability of the organic carbon pool, and inhibited the emission of volatile organic compounds from ryegrass. Overall, this study indicates that magnetic biochar spheres combined with ryegrass is an effective method for heavy metals co-contaminated soils, and has the excellent remediation ability for actual co-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ruipu Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mengqi Zhan
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qian Hou
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Guangqi Wu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Liqun Ding
- Marine Chemical Research Institute Co., LTD, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaofei Lv
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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11
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Wu Y, Yan Y, Wang Z, Tan Z, Zhou T. Biochar application for the remediation of soil contaminated with potentially toxic elements: Current situation and challenges. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119775. [PMID: 38070425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Recently, biochar has garnered extensive attention in the remediation of soils contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) owing to its exceptional adsorption properties and straightforward operation. Most researchers have primarily concentrated on the effects, mechanisms, impact factors, and risks of biochar in remediation of PTEs. However, concerns about the long-term safety and impact of biochar have restricted its application. This review aims to establish a basis for the large-scale popularization of biochar for remediating PTEs-contaminated soil based on a review of interactive mechanisms between soil, PTEs and biochar, as well as the current situation of biochar for remediation in PTEs scenarios. Biochar can directly interact with PTEs or indirectly with soil components, influencing the bioavailability, mobility, and toxicity of PTEs. The efficacy of biochar in remediation varies depending on biomass feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, type of PTEs, and application rate. Compared to pristine biochar, modified biochar offers feasible solutions for tailoring specialized biochar suited to specific PTEs-contaminated soil. Main challenges limiting the applications of biochar are overdose and potential risks. The used biochar is separated from the soil that not only actually removes PTEs, but also mitigates the negative long-term effects of biochar. A sustainable remediation technology is advocated that enables the recovery and regeneration (95.0-95.6%) of biochar from the soil and the removal of PTEs (the removal rate of Cd is more than 20%) from the soil. Finally, future research directions are suggested to augment the environmental safety of biochar and promote its wider application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuhang Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zongwei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhongxin Tan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Tuo Zhou
- China State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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12
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Guo G, Lin L, Jin F, Mašek O, Huang Q. Application of heavy metal immobilization in soil by biochar using machine learning. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116098. [PMID: 37172676 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Biochar application is a promising strategy for the immobilization of heavy metal (HM)-contaminated soil, while it is always time-consuming and labor-intensive to clarify key influenced factors of soil HM immobilization by biochar. In this study, four machine learning algorithms, namely random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVR), Gradient boosting decision trees (GBDT), and Linear regression (LR) are employed to predict the HMimmobilization ratio. The RF was the best-performance ML model (Training R2 = 0.90, Testing R2 = 0.85, RMSE = 4.4, MAE = 2.18). The experiment verification based on the optimal RF model showed that the experiment verification was successful, as the results were comparable to the RF modeling results with a prediction error<20%. Shapley additive explanation and partial least squares path model method were used to identify the critical factors and direct and indirect effects of these features on the immobilization ratio. Furthermore, independent models of four HM (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) also achieved better model prediction performance. Feature importance and interactions relationship of influenced factors for individual HM immobilization ratio was clarified. This work can provide a new insight for HM immobilization in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genmao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Linyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Fangming Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Qing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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13
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Sun J, Wang P, Guo Y, Hu B, Wang X. Effect of biochar derived from co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and rice straw on cadmium immobilization in paddy soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-26826-4. [PMID: 37208509 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26826-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The remediation of cadmium (Cd) contaminated cropland has been related to food safety and public health. While biochar derived from sewage sludge (SS) has been widely used for soil remediation due to its high efficiency of Cd immobilization, it has a low specific surface area and the ecological risk of heavy metals. Co-pyrolysis of straws and SS could resolve these issues. To date, little is known about the effect of biochar from SS/rice straw (RS) on Cd immobilization in soils. Here, we explored the soil remediation efficiency and mechanism of biochar derived from different mixing ratios (1:0, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 0:1) of RS and SS named as RBC, R3S1, R2S1, R1S1, R1S2, R1S3 and SBC. It was shown that R1S2 amendment had the most efficiency of Cd immobilization among all amendments, which decreased the bioavailable Cd by 85.61% and 66.89% compared with RBC and SBC amendments. Results of biochar after soil remediation revealed that cation-π interaction, complexation, ion exchange and precipitation were the key mechanisms of Cd immobilization by biochar. All biochar amendments indirectly promoted Cd immobilization through increasing soil pH values, cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil organic carbon (SOC) and available phosphorous (AP). Compared with RBC, R1S2 reduced bioavailable Cd mainly through the increased soil pH, CEC and AP. However, the enhanced efficiency of Cd immobilization in R1S2 amendment than that in SBC amendment because of the more developed pore structure, functional groups and larger specific surface area of R1S2. Overall, our study showed a new type of biochar for the effective remediation of Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development On Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Road Xikang, Nanjing, People's Republic of China, 210098
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development On Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Road Xikang, Nanjing, People's Republic of China, 210098.
| | - Yong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development On Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Road Xikang, Nanjing, People's Republic of China, 210098
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development On Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Road Xikang, Nanjing, People's Republic of China, 210098
| | - Xun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development On Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Road Xikang, Nanjing, People's Republic of China, 210098
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14
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Kim HB, Kim JG, Alessi DS, Baek K. Mitigation of arsenic release by calcium peroxide (CaO 2) and rice straw biochar in paddy soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138321. [PMID: 36878361 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has a great potential in the stabilization of soil heavy metals; however, the application can actually enhance the mobility of Arsenic (As) in soil. Here, a biochar-coupled calcium peroxide system was proposed to control the increase in As mobility caused by biochar amendment in paddy soil environment. The capability of rice straw biochar pyrolyzed at 500 °C (RB) and CaO2 to control As mobility was evaluated by incubation for 91 days. CaO2 encapsulation was performed for pH control of CaO2, and As mobility was evaluated using a mixture of RB + CaO2 powder (CaO2-p), and RB + CaO2 bead (CaO2-b), respectively. The control soil solely and RB alone were included for comparison. The combination of RB with CaO2 exhibited remarkable performance in controlling As mobility in soil, and As mobility decreased by 40.2% (RB + CaO2-p) and 58.9% (RB + CaO2-b) compared to RB alone. The result was due to high dissolved oxygen (6 mg L-1 in RB + CaO2-p and RB + CaO2-b) and calcium concentrations (296.3 mg L-1 in RB + CaO2-b); oxygen (O2) and Ca2+ derived from CaO2 is able to prevent the reductive dissolution and chelate-promoted dissolution of As bound to iron (Fe) oxide by biochar. This study revealed that the simultaneous application of CaO2 and biochar could be a promising way to mitigate the environmental risk of As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Bin Kim
- Department of Environment and Energy (BK21 FOUR), Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, 54896, Republic of Korea; Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Gook Kim
- Department of Environment and Energy (BK21 FOUR), Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, 54896, Republic of Korea; Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel S Alessi
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Kitae Baek
- Department of Environment and Energy (BK21 FOUR), Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, 54896, Republic of Korea; Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Civil, Environmental, Resources and Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Fan Z, Zhou X, Peng Z, Wan S, Gao ZF, Deng S, Tong L, Han W, Chen X. Co-pyrolysis technology for enhancing the functionality of sewage sludge biochar and immobilizing heavy metals. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 317:137929. [PMID: 36682641 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS) is a frequent and challenging issue for countries with big populations, due to its massive output, significant hazard potential, and challenging resource utilization. Pyrolysis can simultaneously realize the reduction, harmlessness and recycling of SS. Co-pyrolysis offers a wide range of potential in terms of increasing product quality and immobilizing heavy metals (HMs), thanks to its capacity to use additives to address the mismatch between SS characteristics and pyrolysis. High-value utilization potential of SS biochar is the key to evaluating the advancement of treatment technology. A further requirement for using biochar resources is the immobilization and bioavailability reduction of HMs. Due to the catalytic and synergistic effects in the co-pyrolysis process, co-pyrolysis SS biochar exhibits enhanced functionality and has been applied in soil improvement, pollutant adsorption and catalytic reactions. This review focuses on the research progress of different additives in improving the functionality of biochar and influencing the behavior of HMs. The key limitation and challenges in SS co-pyrolysis are then discussed. Future research prospects are detailed from seven perspectives, including pyrolysis process optimization, co-pyrolysis additive selection, catalytic mechanism research of process and product, biochar performance improvement and application field expansion, cooperative immobilization of HMs, and life cycle assessment. This review will offer recommendations and direction for future research paths, while also assist pertinent researchers in swiftly understanding the current state of SS pyrolysis research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Fan
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Research Center of Water Engineering Safety and Disaster Prevention of Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan, 430010, China.
| | - Xian Zhou
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Research Center of Water Engineering Safety and Disaster Prevention of Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Ziling Peng
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Research Center of Water Engineering Safety and Disaster Prevention of Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Sha Wan
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Research Center of Water Engineering Safety and Disaster Prevention of Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Zhuo Fan Gao
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Research Center of Water Engineering Safety and Disaster Prevention of Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Shanshan Deng
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Research Center of Water Engineering Safety and Disaster Prevention of Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Luling Tong
- Wuhan Planning & Design Institute, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Wei Han
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Research Center of Water Engineering Safety and Disaster Prevention of Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Research Center of Water Engineering Safety and Disaster Prevention of Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan, 430010, China.
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16
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Zhu Q, Liang Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Wang C, Zhai S, Li Y, Sun H. Biochar derived from hydrolysis of sewage sludge influences soil properties and heavy metals distributed in the soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130053. [PMID: 36182884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge contains a large number of nutrients and dangerous substances, when sludge was processed into sludge hydrochar that was added to the soil, which not only solve the problem of sludge disposal, but also amend the soil and fix pollutants in the soil. However, it was lack of report on the effect of the sludge hydrochar on soil compositions and soil microorganism community structures until now. In the present study, the hydrothermal carbonization method is used to prepare hydrochar from sewage sludge at temperatures of 180 ℃ and 240 ℃ at durations of 6 h and 15 h in this paper. The effects of the prepared sludge hydrochar on soil-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM), the content of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) and NO3--N in soil, and the community structure of soil bacteria and fungi were evaluated. Furthermore, the change rules in heavy metal speciation in soils treated with sludge hydrochar were investigated. With the increase in the preparation temperature and dosage of sludge hydrochar, the main components of DOM changed from soluble microbial byproducts to fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like fractions through UV and fluorescence characterization. The sludge hydrochar prepared at low temperature could significantly increase the contents of TDN and NO3--N in the soil. Affected by sludge hydrochar, the dominant phylum of the bacterial community changed from Proteobacteria to Actinobacteria, and the dominant phylum in the fungal community did not change, but its relative abundance increased. Finally, the sludge hydrochar obtained when the carbonization time was 15 h was more beneficial to reduce the total amount and available content of heavy metals in the soil. The study provides a basis for sludge hydrochar application for the soil amendment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yafeng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Cuiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Sheng Zhai
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Yanhua Li
- School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, PR China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
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17
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Zhang S, Gu W, Bai J, Dong B, Zhao J, Zhuang X. Fate and health risk assessment of heavy metals in Brassica chinensis L. (pak-choi) and soil amended by sludge-based biochar. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:5621-5633. [PMID: 35980524 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22358-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is widely used in agriculture to efficiently solve the problem of sludge. In this study, sludge-based biochar (referred to as BC1, BC2, and BC3) was prepared by mixing sludge with FeCl3, Na2SiO3, and Ca (H2PO4)2, respectively. Then, it was mixed with fresh soil to plant Brassica chinensis L. The analysis of the effects of the three biochar types showed that all of them were beneficial to the growth of Brassica chinensis L. We added the biochar to the soil and found that the concentration of heavy metals did not exceed the recommended threshold. Additionally, the aboveground part of Brassica chinensis L. met the standard requirement for food safety (GB 2761-2017). Notably, BC3 stood out with the best effect on the growth of Brassica chinensis L. and resulted in the improvement of the physical and chemical properties of soil such as ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium (BC3 was followed by BC2 and BC1). BC3 could efficiently inhibit the migration of heavy metals, thereby reducing the overall heavy metal pollution level and ameliorating the soil nutrients. BC3 could increase the organic carbon by 258.92%, available phosphorus by 234.45%, and available potassium by 37.12% compared with the CK group. The THQ and TTHQ estimates of Brassica chinensis L. were lower than one, indicating that the health risk of heavy metal intake was not prominent. Additionally, the application of the proposed biochar could reduce the form of F1 (acid extracted state) and increase the form of F4 (residue state) in soil. Overall, we conclude that the application of the proposed biochar can promote the root absorption of heavy metals and inhibit the migration of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China
| | - Weihua Gu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jianfeng Bai
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China.
| | - Bin Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China
| | - Xuning Zhuang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China
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18
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Rashid MS, Liu G, Yousaf B, Hamid Y, Rehman A, Arif M, Ahmed R, Song Y, Ashraf A. Role of biochar-based free radicals in immobilization and speciation of metals in the contaminated soil-plant environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116620. [PMID: 36323123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The structure of biochar produced at various pyrolysis temperatures influences metal geochemical behavior. Here, the impact of wheat straw-derived biochar (300, 500, and 700 °C) on the immobilization and transformation of metals in the contaminated soil-plant system was assessed. The findings of the sequential extraction revealed that biochar additives had a substantial influence on the speciation of Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the contaminated soil. The lowest F1 (exchangeable and soluble fraction) + F2 (carbonate fraction) accounted for Cr (44%) in WB-300, Ni (43.87%) in WB-500, Pb (43.79%), and Zn (49.78%) in WB-700 with applied amendments of their total amounts. The characterization results indicated that high pyrolysis temperatures (300-700 °C) increased the carbon-containing groups with the potential to adsorb metals from the soil-plant environment. The bioconcentration and translocation factors (BCF and TF) were less than 1, indicating that metal concentration was restricted to maize roots and translocation to shoots. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) intracellularly influence metal interactions with plants. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was performed to determine hydroxyl radical generation (•OH) in plant segments to assess the dominance of free radicals (FRs). Consequently, the formation of •OH significantly depends on the pyrolysis temperature and the interaction with a contaminated soil-plant environment. Thus, metal transformation can be effectively decreased in the soil-plant environment by applying WB amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saqib Rashid
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China
| | - Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdul Rehman
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Muhammad Arif
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Rafay Ahmed
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Yu Song
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Aniqa Ashraf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
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19
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Zhao L, Sun ZF, Pan XW, Tan JY, Yang SS, Wu JT, Chen C, Yuan Y, Ren NQ. Sewage sludge derived biochar for environmental improvement: Advances, challenges, and solutions. WATER RESEARCH X 2023; 18:100167. [PMID: 37250290 PMCID: PMC10214287 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid growth yield of global sewage sludge, rational and effective treatment and disposal methods are becoming increasingly needed. Biochar preparation is an attractive option for sewage sludge treatment, the excellent physical and chemical properties of sludge derived biochar make it an attractive option for environmental improvement. Here, the current application state of sludge derived biochar was comprehensively reviewed, and the advances in the mechanism and capacity of sludge biochar in water contaminant removal, soil remediation, and carbon emission reduction were described, with particular attention to the key challenges involved, e.g., possible environmental risks and low efficiency. Several new strategies for overcoming sludge biochar application barriers to realize highly efficient environmental improvement were highlighted, including biochar modification, co-pyrolysis, feedstock selection and pretreatment. The insights offered in this review will facilitate further development of sewage sludge derived biochar, towards addressing the obstacles in its application in environmental improvement and global environmental crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zhong-Fang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Pan
- Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, China
| | - Jing-Yan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shan-Shan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jie-Ting Wu
- School of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Biological Engineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing 10076, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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20
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Dan Y, Wang X, Sang W, Zhou L, Diao Y, Liu F, Wang H. Development of chitosan-magnetic sawdust hydrochar for Pb and Zn immobilization process on various soil conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:84675-84689. [PMID: 35781665 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21745-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A series of 60-day soil immobilized incubations were performed to explore the impacts of various factors (incubation time, chitosan modified magnetic sawdust hydrochar (CMSH) dosages, initial pH values, moisture contents, and humic acid (HA)) on CMSH immobilization of Pb and Zn. DTPA and BCR extraction techniques were undertaken to study the distribution of form transformations of Pb and Zn. CMSH showed significant immobilization ability for both DTPA-Pb and DTPA-Zn, and the highest removal rates were shown to be 57.40% and 90.00% for Pb and Zn respectively. After 60 days of incubation, the residual Pb was enhanced by 34-61% and residual Zn increased by 25-41%, which indicated that CMSH was effective in immobilizing Pb and Zn. Meanwhile, the immobilization efficiency improved with increasing incubation time, CMSH dosage, HA dosage, and initial solution pH. In particular, 5% HA application increased the soil TOC and accelerated the metal stabilization processes, with the residual forms of Pb and Zn eventually reaching a maximum of 73% and 71%, respectively. In addition, the alkaline initial solution promoted the ion exchange, surface complexation reaction, and cationic-π interaction, resulting in a better immobilization of Pb and Zn by CMSH. Finally, according to the orthogonal analysis of BCR results, HA dosage was the major factor affecting Pb and Zn immobilization by CMSH compared to soil pH and moisture content in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Dan
- Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Wenjing Sang
- Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Lei Zhou
- Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yinzhu Diao
- Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Feihong Liu
- Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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21
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Lima JZ, Ferreira da Silva E, Patinha C, Rodrigues VGS. Sorption and post-sorption performances of Cd, Pb and Zn onto peat, compost and biochar. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 321:115968. [PMID: 35988405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of waste-derived sorbents to immobilize potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is a promising strategy, contributing to the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs). Therefore, this study aimed to assess the sorption performance of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn), comparing sorbents derived from organic fraction of municipal solid waste (composts and biochars) with peat. The physicochemical characterization, equilibrium of sorption, post-sorption analyzes and bioaccessibility were investigated. Results showed that the sorbents have distinct characteristics; however, each material have their particularities favorable to sorption. For instance, peat and composts have the highest cation exchange capacity (800-1100 mmolc kg-1), while biochar produced at 700 °C has the highest specific surface area (91.21 m2 g-1). The sorption equilibrium data revealed the actual sorption capacity and was well explained by the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms and, in some cases, by the Dubinin-Radushkevich model. Post-sorption analyzes indicated the occurrence of several sorption mechanisms, driven by the physicochemical properties. Electrostatic interaction stood out for peat and compost. The FTIR spectrum for peat proved the complexation with oxygenated functional groups. The composts showed variations in the released cations (e.g. Ca2+ and K+), indicating cation exchange. Differently, for biochars, the XRD patterns showed that precipitation or coprecipitation seems to be one of the main mechanisms, especially for Cd and Pb. Regarding human bioaccessibility, the results of the gastric phase simulation (pH∼1.20) revealed lower percentages of Pb (33-81%) than Cd (91-99%) or Zn (82-99%), especially for the highest concentrations. Nevertheless, in numerical terms, all bioaccessible concentrations inspire care. In conclusion, among the sorbents, composts and biochars presented the best sorption performances and, therefore, have great potential for environmental applications. Furthermore, the bioaccessibility findings indicate that these assays, still little used in experiments with sorbents, are an important tool that should be better explored in the assessment of the environmental risk associated with contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Zanin Lima
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo - 400 Trabalhador São Carlense Ave, São Carlos, 13566-590, Brazil; GeoBioTec, Department of Geoscience, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Ferreira da Silva
- GeoBioTec, Department of Geoscience, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carla Patinha
- GeoBioTec, Department of Geoscience, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Valéria Guimarães Silvestre Rodrigues
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo - 400 Trabalhador São Carlense Ave, São Carlos, 13566-590, Brazil.
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22
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Wang X, Cui X, Fang C, Yu F, Zhi J, Mašek O, Yan B, Chen G, Dan Z. Agent-assisted electrokinetic treatment of sewage sludge: Heavy metal removal effectiveness and nutrient content characteristics. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 224:119016. [PMID: 36113240 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS) is rich in nutrient elements such as phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), and potassium (K), and therefore a candidate material for use in agriculture. But high content of heavy metals (HMs) can be a major obstacle to its further utilization. Therefore, an appropriate HM removal technology is required before its land application. In this study, an innovative biodegradable agent (citric acid, FeCl3, ammonium hydroxide, tetrasodium iminodisuccinate (IDS), and tea saponin) assisted electrokinetic treatment (EK) was performed to investigate the HM removal efficiency (RHMs) and nutrient transportation. Citric acid, IDS, and FeCl3-assisted EK showed a preferable average RHMs (Rave) reduction of 52.74-59.23%, with low energy consumption. After treatment, the content of Hg (0.51 mg kg-1), Ni (13.23 mg kg-1), and Pb (26.45 mg kg-1) elements met the criteria of national risk control standard, in all cases. Following the treatment, most HMs in SS had a reduced potential to be absorbed by plants or be leached into water systems. Risk assessment indicated that the Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) value of HMs has decreased by 0.28-2.40, and the risk of Pb (Igeo=-0.74) reduced to unpolluted potential. Meanwhile, no excessive nutrient loss in SS occurred as a result of the treatment, on the contrary, there was a slight increase in P content (18.17 mg g-1). These results indicate that agent-assisted EK treatment could be an environmentally-friendly method for RHMs and nutrient element recovery from SS, opening new opportunities for sustainable SS recycling and its inclusion into circular economy concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xutong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; UK Biochar Research Centre, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Xiaoqiang Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region 850012, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Jun'ao Zhi
- School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region 850012, China
| | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK.
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China.
| | - Zeng Dan
- School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region 850012, China
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23
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Diao Y, Zhou L, Ji M, Wang X, Dan Y, Sang W. Immobilization of Cd and Pb in soil facilitated by magnetic biochar: metal speciation and microbial community evolution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:71871-71881. [PMID: 35606582 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20750-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of magnetic biochar from sewage sludge and rice straw for heavy metal contaminated soil remediation has greater application prospects, but its remediation mechanism was rarely considered by combining soil physicochemical properties with microbial community. In this study, the effects of magnetic sewage sludge biochar (SSB) and rice straw biochar (RSB) on Cd and Pb immobilization in paddy soil were compared and analyzed by 60-day soil incubation experiments. The results illustrated that DTPA-Cd and DTPA-Pb were reduced by 51.53% (43.07%) and 53.57% (50.47%), while the percentage of residual fraction of the BCR procedure was enhanced by 31.27% (30.78%) of Cd and 27.25% (23.22%) of Pb in the SSB (RSB) treatment, respectively. Fe was detected on both SSB and RSB surfaces, but SSB had rougher and a larger specific surface area compared to RSB. The addition of SSB and RSB in paddy soil increased soil pH and TOC content, and affected the diversity and species of soil microbial community. Compared with the CK group, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Lysobacter decreased, and the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota, Pontibacter, and Alkaliphilus increased with SSB and RSB treatments, all of which reflected the bioavailability of Cd and Pb reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhu Diao
- Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Mengyuan Ji
- CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padua, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yitong Dan
- Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Wenjing Sang
- Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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24
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Rashid MS, Liu G, Yousaf B, Hamid Y, Rehman A, Munir MAM, Arif M, Ahmed R, Song Y. Assessing the influence of sewage sludge and derived-biochar in immobilization and transformation of heavy metals in polluted soil: Impact on intracellular free radical formation in maize. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119768. [PMID: 35841993 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most common ways to get rid of municipal waste, landfill leachate, waste with complicated compositions and high levels of contaminants, has become a significant threat to the world's environment. Here, the impact of sewage sludge (SS) and derived-biochar (SSB) amendments on the immobilization and potential mobility of heavy metals in a contaminated soil-plant system was investigated. The sequential fractionation findings showed that using SS-2%, SSB-2%, and SSBC-1% reduced the potential mobility of heavy metals while increasing the residual fraction in polluted soils. The translocation and bioconcentration factors showed that heavy metals were slightly transferred into shoots from roots and lowered accumulation in roots from contaminated soils. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) comprehensive characterization results indicated the significant role of applied amendments for heavy metals transformation from the exchangeable-soluble fractions to the least available form by lowering their mobility to confirm the adsorption-based complexes, which results in the surface adsorption of heavy metals with functional groups. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results indicated the dominance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the intracellular formation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) in maize plant roots and shoots. ROS (•OH) generation plays a critical influence in the interaction between the physiological processes of plants and heavy metals. Moreover, all the amendments increased maize growth and biomass production. Our study suggests that alone and combined application of SS and SSB have great potential to remediate heavy metals contaminated soil for environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saqib Rashid
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China
| | - Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdul Rehman
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Mehr Ahmed Mujtaba Munir
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Arif
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China; Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 66000, Pakistan
| | - Rafay Ahmed
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Yu Song
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China; School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, PR China
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25
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Liu M, Zhu J, Yang X, Fu Q, Hu H, Huang Q. Biochar produced from the straw of common crops simultaneously stabilizes soil organic matter and heavy metals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154494. [PMID: 35283120 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous stabilization of heavy metals and organic matter in polluted soil has received little research attention. In this study, we studied the immobilization of Cu and Cd and the mineralization of organic matter in the acidic soil amended with biochar produced from rice, wheat, corn, and rape straws through incubation experiments. Compared with that in the control treatment, the availability of Cu and Cd in the biochar amended soils decreased by 17-31% and 3-17%, respectively. The cumulative amount of CO2 released from each treatment in 60 days of incubation followed the order: control treatment (399 mg CO2-C kg-1) > rape straw biochar treatment (388 mg CO2-C kg-1) > rice straw biochar treatment (374 mg CO2-C kg-1) > corn straw biochar treatment (355 mg CO2-C kg-1) > wheat straw biochar treatment (288 mg CO2-C kg-1). The information implied that biochar produced from the straw of common crops can simultaneously stabilize both heavy metals and organic matter in the acidic soil. The transformation of Cu and Cd from acid soluble fraction to residual fraction was the potential mechanism of biochar in facilitating soil heavy metal immobilization. The significant decrease in soil β-glucosidase activity, which controlled the degradation of soil organic matter, was an important potential pathway of biochar in decreasing soil organic matter mineralization. A significant decrease in the content and a substantial increase in the structural complexity of soil dissolved organic matter could further the decrease of wheat straw biochar in soil organic matter mineralization. Thus, biochar produced from the straw of common crops is a promising amendment for simultaneously stabilizing both heavy metals and organic matter in the acidic soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qingling Fu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongqing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiaoyun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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26
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Gong H, Zhao L, Rui X, Hu J, Zhu N. A review of pristine and modified biochar immobilizing typical heavy metals in soil: Applications and challenges. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 432:128668. [PMID: 35325861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the application of biochar in the remediation of heavy metals (HMs) contaminated soil has received tremendous attention globally. We reviewed the latest research on the immobilization of soil HMs by biochar almost in the last 5 years (until 2021). The methods, effects and mechanisms of biochar and modified biochar on the immobilization of typical HMs in soil have been systematically summarized. In general, the HMs contaminating the soil can be categorized into two groups, the oxy-anionic HMs (As and Cr) and the cationic HMs (Pb, Cd, etc.). Reduction and precipitation of oxy-anionic HMs by biochar/modified biochar are the dominant mechanism for reducing HMs toxicity. Pristine biochar can effectively immobilize cationic HMs. The commonly applied modification method is to add substances that can precipitate HMs to the biochar. In addition, we assessed the risks of biochar applications. For instance, biochar may cause the leaching of certain HMs; biochar aging; co-transportation of biochar nanoparticles with HMs. Future work should focus on the artificial/intelligent design of biochar to make it suitable for remediation of multiple HMs contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabo Gong
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuan Rui
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinwen Hu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Nanwen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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27
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Lu J, Yuan M, Hu L, Yao H. Migration and Transformation of Multiple Heavy Metals in the Soil–Plant System of E-Waste Dismantling Site. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040725. [PMID: 35456776 PMCID: PMC9030041 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
E-waste generation has become a major environmental issue worldwide. Heavy metals (HMs) in e-waste can be released during inappropriate recycling processes. While their pollution characteristics have been studied, the migration and transformation of different multi-metal fractions in soil–plant system of e-waste dismantling sites is still unclear. In this study, pot experiments were conducted to investigate the migration and transformation of different multi-metal fractions (Cu, Pb, Zn and Al) in the soil–plant system using two Chinese cabbage cultivars (heavy metals low-accumulated variety of Z1 and non-low-accumulated Z2) treated with or without biochar. The result showed that the acid-soluble fraction of Cu, Pb, Zn and Al in soil decreased by 5.5%, 55.7%, 7.8% and 21.3%, but the residual fraction (ResF) of them increased by 48.5%, 1.8%, 30.9% and 43.1%, respectively, when treated with biochar and plants, compared to that of the blank soil (CK). In addition, Pb mainly existed as a reducible fraction, whereas Cu existed as an oxidisable fraction. Biochar combined with plants significantly increased the ResF of multi-metals, which reduced the migration ability of Pb among all other metals. The relative amount of labelled 13C in the soil of Z1 was higher than that of Z2 (25.4 fold); among them, the Gram-negative bacteria (18-1ω9c, 18-1ω7c) and fungi (18-2ω6c) were significantly labelled in the Z1-treated soil, and have high correlation with HM migration and transformation. In addition, Gemmatimonadete were significantly positive in the acid-soluble fraction of HMs, whereas Ascomycota mostly contributed to the immobilisation of HMs. Therefore, the distribution of fractions rather than the heavy metal type plays an important role in the HM migration in the soil–plant system of e-waste dismantling sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China;
| | - Ming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China;
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (H.Y.)
| | - Lanfang Hu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, China;
| | - Huaiying Yao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China;
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, China;
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (H.Y.)
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28
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Dong X, Zhang Z, Wang S, Shen Z, Cheng X, Lv X, Pu X. Soil properties, root morphology and physiological responses to cotton stalk biochar addition in two continuous cropping cotton field soils from Xinjiang, China. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12928. [PMID: 35190786 PMCID: PMC8857900 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term and widespread cotton production in Xinjiang, China, has resulted in significant soil degradation, thereby leading to continuous cropping obstacles; cotton stalk biochar (CSB) addition may be an effective countermeasure to this issue, with effects that are felt immediately by root systems in direct contact with the soil. In this study, we assess the effects of different CSB application rates on soil nutrient contents, root morphology, and root physiology in two soil types commonly used for cotton production in the region. Compared with CK (no CSB addition), a 1% CSB addition increased total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), and organic matter (OM) by 13.3%, 7.2%, and 50% in grey desert soil, respectively , and 36.5%, 19.9%, and 176.4%, respectively, in aeolian sandy soil. A 3% CSB addition increased TN, AP, and OM by 38.8%, 23.8%, and 208.1%, respectively, in grey desert soil, and 36%, 13%, and 183.2%, respectively, in aeolian sandy soil. Compared with the aeolian sandy soil, a 1% CSB addition increased TN, OM, and AP by 95%, 94.8%, and 33.3%, respectively, in the grey desert soil , while in the same soil 3% CSB addition increased TN, OM, and AP by 108%, 21.1%, and 73.9%, respectively. In the grey desert soil, compared with CK, a 1% CSB application increased the root length (RL) (34%), specific root length (SRL) (27.9%), and root volume (RV) (32.6%) during the bud stage, increased glutamine synthetase (GS) (13.9%) and nitrate reductase (NR) activities (237%), decreased the RV (34%) and average root diameter (ARD) (36.2%) during the harvesting stage. A 3% CSB addition increased the RL (44%), SRL (20%), and RV (41.2%) during the bud stage and decreased the RV (29%) and ARD (27%) during the harvesting stage. In the aeolian sandy soil, 1% CSB increased the RL (38.3%), SRL (73.7%), and RV (17%), while a 3% caused a greater increase in the RL (55%), SRL (89%), RV (28%), soluble sugar content (128%), and underground biomass (33.8%). Compared with the grey desert soil, a 1% CSB addition increased the RL (48.6%), SRL (58%), and RV (18.6%) in the aeolian sandy soil, while a 3% further increased the RL (54.8%), SRL (84.2%), RV (21.9%), and soluble sugar content (233%). The mechanisms by which CSB addition improves the two soils differ: root morphology changed from coarse and short to fine and long in the grey desert soil, and from fine and long to longer in the aeolian sandy soil. Overall, a 3% CSB addition may be a promising and sustainable strategy for maintaining cotton productivity in aeolian sandy soil in the Xinjiang region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shaoming Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zihui Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaojiao Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinhua Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaozhen Pu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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Applications of Biochar and Modified Biochar in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil: A Descriptive Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132414041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Given that the problem of contaminated soil continues to grow, the development of effective control and remediation measures has become imperative, especially for heavy-metal-contaminated soil. Biochar and modified biochar are eco-friendly and cost-effective remediation materials that are widely used in the remediation of contaminated soil. This review provides an overview of the different raw materials used in the preparation of biochar as well as the modification of biochar using various synthesis methods, highlighting their differences and providing recommendations for biochar and modified biochar as applied toward ameliorating pollution in soil contaminated by heavy metals. We also explore the effects of the physicochemical properties of raw materials, pyrolysis temperature, additives, and modification methods on the properties of the resulting biochar and modified biochar, and systematically present the types of soil and operating factors for repair. Moreover, the mechanisms involved in remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil by biochar and modified biochar are outlined in detail, and include adsorption, complexation, precipitation, ion exchange, and electrostatic attractions. Finally, the corresponding monitoring technologies after remediation are illustrated. Future directions for studies on biochar and modified biochar in the remediation of contaminated soil are also proposed to support the development of green environmental protection materials, simple preparation methods, and effective follow-up monitoring techniques.
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