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Li M, Zhang L, Liu W, Jin Y, Li B. Facile Estimation of Surface Oxygen Vacancies in Co 3O 4 Catalysts with a Colorimetric Method. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8999-9006. [PMID: 38758012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Oxygen vacancy (Ov) is known to act as an active center of the metal oxide. Quantification of surface Ov is vital for understanding the quantitative structure-activity relationship. Facile quantification characterization of surface Ov is highly desirable but still challenging. In this study, we presented a simple colorimetric method for rapidly quantifying surface Ov. As an example of metal oxide nanoparticles, Co3O4 was used to catalyze the 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)-H2O2 colorimetric reaction. It was found that the absorbance of the TMB-H2O2 system was dependent on the surface Ov amount in Co3O4. The investigation of the mechanism showed that the Ov-dependent absorbance would be attributed to the activity of surface Ov to easily adsorb and dissociate H2O2 into a hydroxyl radical (•OH). The absorbance signal of the TMB-H2O2 system acted as a probe to estimate the surface Ov. This colorimetric measurement could be completed in less than 20 min. The Ov concentrations obtained by the proposed colorimetric method matched well with those obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This method does not require any complex operation and expensive equipment and can be performed in any ordinary chemical laboratory. So, this colorimetric method is expected to become an alternative approach for quantifying the surface Ov in metal oxide nanoparticles. This method will provide essential insights into the rational design and application of Ov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Baoxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
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Xu J, Zou J, Wu J, Zeng H, Huang Y, Yang J, Gong C, Chen S, Ma J. Enhanced chlorination of diclofenac using ABTS as electron shuttle: Performance, mechanism and applicability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168117. [PMID: 37890637 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Chlorination, one of the most common oxidation strategies, performed limited degradation capacity towards many emerging organic contaminants under neutral pH conditions. In this study, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonate (ABTS) was discovered to possess an outstanding activation property towards free available chlorine (FAC) during the chlorination of diclofenac (DCF) among pH 6.0-9.5. ABTS radical (ABTS•+) primarily accounted for the elimination of DCF in the ABTS/FAC system, although hydroxyl radicals, reactive chlorine species, and singlet oxygen were also generated via the self-decomposition of FAC. ABTS acted as the electron shuttle to degrade DCF in the ABTS/FAC system, where ABTS was firstly oxidized by FAC to ABTS•+ via single electron transfer, and followed by the elimination of DCF with the generated ABTS•+. Eight DCF degradation intermediates were identified by LC/Q-TOF/MS, and four DCF degradation pathways were proposed. Real water bodies, humic acid, and the coexistent anions of Cl-, HCO3-, NO3-, and SO42- performed negligible influence on DCF removal in ABTS/FAC system. ABTS/FAC system was much superior to sole chlorination in terms of toxicity reduction and anti-interference capacity. Overall, this study innovatively introduced ABTS as the electron shuttle to enhance the oxidative capacity of FAC under neutral pH conditions and provided a new insight that the ABTS-like organic/synthetic components might play an important role in degrading emerging organic contaminants by chlorination in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Xu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.
| | - Jianying Wu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Huiping Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yixin Huang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Jingxin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chunming Gong
- Xiamen Institute of Environmental Science, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Siying Chen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
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Lei J, Zhang L, Li M, Liu W, Jin Y, Li B. Surface Oxygen Vacancy-Rich Co 3O 4 Nanowires as an Effective Catalyst of Luminol-H 2O 2 Chemiluminescence for Sensitive Immunoassay. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17937-17944. [PMID: 37991222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen vacancy is one intrinsic defect in metal oxide materials. Interestingly, we herein found that the surface oxygen vacancy can significantly enhance the catalytic activity of Co3O4 nanowires in the luminol-H2O2 chemiluminescence (CL) reaction. 0.1 ng/mL Co3O4 nanowires containing 51.3% surface oxygen vacancies possessed ca. 2.5-fold catalytic activity of free Co2+ (the best metal ionic catalyst for the luminol-H2O2 CL reaction). The superior catalytic efficiency is attributed to the enhanced adsorption of H2O2 by surface oxygen vacancies, which in turn accelerates the cleavage of O-O bonds and generates •OH radicals. More importantly, the surface oxygen vacancy-rich Co3O4 nanowires retained about 90% catalytic activity after modification with antibodies. The surface oxygen vacancy-rich Co3O4 nanowires were used to label the secondary antibody, and one sandwich-type CL immunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen was established. The detection limit was 0.3 ng/mL with a linear range of 1-10 ng/mL. This proof-of-concept work proves that surface oxygen vacancy-rich Co3O4 nanowires are suitable for labeling biomolecules in CL bioanalysis and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Baoxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
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Li M, Durkin DP, Waller G, Yu Y, Men Y, Ye T, Chen H, Shuai D. Transformation of Graphitic Carbon Nitride by Reactive Chlorine Species: "Weak" Oxidants Are the Main Players. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:2749-2757. [PMID: 36745632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanomaterials hold great promise in diverse applications; however, their stability in engineering systems and transformation in nature are largely underexplored. We evaluated the stability, aging, and environmental impact of g-C3N4 nanosheets under the attack of free chlorine and reactive chlorine species (RCS), a widely used oxidant/disinfectant and a class of ubiquitous radical species, respectively. g-C3N4 nanosheets were slowly oxidized by free chlorine even at a high concentration of 200-1200 mg L-1, but they decomposed rapidly when ClO· and/or Cl2•- were the key oxidants. Though Cl2•- and ClO· are considered weaker oxidants in previous studies due to their lower reduction potentials and slower reaction kinetics than ·OH and Cl·, our study highlighted that their electrophilic attack efficacy on g-C3N4 nanosheets was on par with ·OH and much higher than Cl·. A trace level of covalently bonded Cl (0.28-0.55 at%) was introduced to g-C3N4 nanosheets after free chlorine and RCS oxidation. Our study elucidates the environmental fate and transformation of g-C3N4 nanosheets, particularly under the oxidation of chlorine-containing species, and it also provides guidelines for designing reactive, robust, and safe nanomaterials for engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiao Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C.20052, United States
| | - David P Durkin
- Department of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland21402, United States
| | - Gordon Waller
- Chemistry Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C.20375, United States
| | - Yaochun Yu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California92521, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Yujie Men
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California92521, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota57701, United States
| | - Hanning Chen
- Texas Advanced Computing Center, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78758, United States
| | - Danmeng Shuai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C.20052, United States
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Applications of nanomaterial-based chemiluminescence sensors in environmental analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhang Y, Wang C, Zhao Y, Yu Z, Yang F, Zhang X. Core-shell structured Co 3O 4@PPy composite for electrochemical determination of terbutylhydroquinone. RSC Adv 2022; 12:29845-29851. [PMID: 36321087 PMCID: PMC9578399 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05574k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
TBHQ is a significant synthetic antioxidant, but excessive use of TBHQ is harmful to human health. Therefore, the preparation of a high-efficiency TBHQ electrochemical sensor is of great significance. In this work, a core-shell structured Co3O4@PPy composite is synthesized for TBHQ determination and exhibits remarkable electrochemical properties. The core-shell structure of Co3O4@PPy composite shows the synergistic effects of fast charge transfer, rich active surface area and more active sites. Under optimal conditions, the linear range of the developed sensor is 0.2-600 μM, and the detection limit is 0.05 μM (S/N = 3). In addition, it also has good stability and reproducibility due to the stable protective role of the PPy shell. The proposed sensor can also be applied to practical sample detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zhang
- The Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Shijiazhuang Hebei 050061 China
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Contamination and Remediation, China Geological Survey & Hebei Province Shijiazhuang Hebei 050061 China
| | - Cunli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Material Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Yalin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Material Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Zhe Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Material Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Fengchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Contamination and Remediation, China Geological Survey & Hebei Province Shijiazhuang Hebei 050061 China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Material Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Material Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
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Pt/Au Nanoparticles@Co3O4 Cataluminescence Sensor for Rapid Analysis of Methyl Sec-Butyl Ether Impurity in Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether Gasoline Additive. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10070260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
High purity methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) can be used to adjust gasoline octane values. However, an isomer, methyl sec-butyl ether (MSBE), is the main by-product of its industrial production, and this affects the purity of MTBE. Pt/Au NPs@Co3O4 composites with a hollow dodecahedron three-dimensional structure were synthesized using ZIF-67 as a template, with Pt and Au nanoparticles (NPs) evenly distributed on the shell of the hollow structure. A CTL sensor was established for the determination of MSBE based on the specificity of Pt/Au NPs@Co3O4. The experimental results showed that Pt/Au NPs@Co3O4 had a strong specific cataluminescence (CTL) response to MSBE, with no interference from MTBE. The linear range was 0.10–90 mg/L, the limit of detection was 0.031 mg/L (S/N = 3), the RSD was 2.5% (n = 9), and a complete sample test could be completed in five minutes. The sensor was used to detect MSBE in MTBE of different purity grades, with recoveries ranging from 92.0% to 109.2%, and the analytical results were consistent with those determined by gas chromatography. These results indicate that the established method was accurate and reliable, and could be used for rapid analysis of MTBE gasoline additive.
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