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Wang M, Wang W, Zhang X, Dai G, Tang K. Formulation analysis of functional fragrance via polar-gradient extraction method and chemometrics pattern recognition. Talanta 2024; 275:126121. [PMID: 38688086 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
In this study, characteristic components of 15 natural flavors was analyzed by the polar-gradient extraction (PGE) technique in combination with GC-MS and chemometrics pattern recognition. The obtained results were utilized for the traceability of 4 functional fragrance formulations. The optimal PGE system consisting of 5 different polar solvents, was developed based on similarity-intermiscibility theory. Four chemometrics pattern recognition models including PCA, HCA, PLS-DA, and OPLS-DA were constructed based on the characteristic component database constituting 15 natural flavors. These models were used to trace 4 functional fragrance formulations. The experimental results obtained were found to be satisfactory and accurate. The combination of PGE technique and chemometric pattern recognition methods provides theoretical guidance for the analysis of characteristic components of natural flavors and the traceability of functional fragrance formulations. This approach can be promoted in various fields such as food, traditional Chinese medicine, and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, China
| | - Wanru Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, China.
| | - Guilin Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, China
| | - Kewen Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, China.
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Yang Y, He H, Chen Y, Chen B, Esfahani EB, Mohseni M, Xu N, Nesterenko P. Towards elevated perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) enrichment in water: Sequential liquid-liquid extraction pretreatment for ion chromatography detection. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142227. [PMID: 38704046 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The widespread detection of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in the environment has raised significant concerns. The standard PFOA analytical method relies on expensive solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) instruments, making routine use prohibitive. We herein proposed a cost-effective yet novel enrichment method for determining PFOA at ng L-1 level. This method entailed a two-step sample preparation process: firstly, PFOA was extracted and enriched using a forward-extraction under acidic conditions, followed by a backward-extraction and enrichment step utilizing alkaline water. The enriched samples were subsequently subjected to a common ion chromatography (IC). Results reveal that maintaining a forward-extraction pH below its pKa value (2.8) is essential, as protonated PFOA proves effective in enhancing the enrichment factor (EF). The challenge lied in driving PFOA from forward-extractant to aqueous backward-extractant due to the decreased hydrophobicity of deprotonated PFOA (log Kow2 = 1.0). In addition, we found that evaporating forward-extractant with alkaline backward-extractant (containing 5% methanol) reduced potential analytical uncertainties associated with PFOA evaporation and sorption. Under optimal conditions, the method achieved a detection limit of 9.2 ng L-1 and an impressive EF value of 719. Comparison with SPE-LC-MS/MS confirmed the proposed method as a promising alternative for PFOA determination. Although initially targeted for PFOA, the novel methodology is likely applicable to preconcentration of other poly-fluoroalkyl substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055, China
| | - Huan He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055, China
| | - Yuheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055, China
| | - Baiyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055, China.
| | - Ehsan Banayan Esfahani
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Madjid Mohseni
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Nan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Pavel Nesterenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorob'evy Gory, GSP-3, Moscow, 119899, Russian Federation
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Richardson SD, Manasfi T. Water Analysis: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8184-8219. [PMID: 38700487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan D Richardson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, JM Palms Center for GSR, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Tarek Manasfi
- Eawag, Environmental Chemistry, Uberlandstrasse 133, Dubendorf 8600, Switzerland
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Li W, Ma W, Yang Y, He H, Chen B. Enhanced detection of monoiodoacetic acid at ng/L level by ion chromatography with novel derivatization-free pretreatment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 467:133729. [PMID: 38335611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Concerns have recently arisen regarding the formation of carcinogenic and genotoxic iodinated haloacetic acids (HAAs), such as monoiodoacetic acid (MIAA), during the disinfection of iodine-containing water with chloramine. Existing detection methods for MIAA rely on either labor-intensive derivatization operations or expensive instruments, making analysis challenging. To bypass these issues, this study proposed a novel two-step liquid-liquid extraction strategy to enrich MIAA and then pioneered the integration of common ion chromatography (IC) with an ultraviolet detector to measure trace MIAA precisely. This novel approach achieved a remarkable 155.6-fold enrichment of MIAA and significantly reduced the need for water and chemicals, hence enhancing its efficiency and environmental friendliness. Besides, this method effectively removed coexisting anions and separated MIAA from other interferents by adjusting IC column and eluent conditions. The method detection limit of MIAA is an impressive 21.44 ng/L, and the recoveries in synthetic and real water samples ranged from 85 to 113%, with maximum deviations of 7.59%. We validated the reliability of our approach by comparing it with the USEPA 552.3 method. In conclusion, this IC-based method proves to be a robust and environment-benign solution for detecting trace MIAA in complex water components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huan He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Baiyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Zuo Y, Cheng S, Jiang H, Zhang H, Wu J, Sun H, Zhu F, Li A, Huo Z, Li W. Rapid and simultaneous determination of dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, ClO3−, ClO4−, and BrO3− using short-column ion chromatography-tandem electrospray mass spectrometry. Talanta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Determining haloacetic acids in drinking water by one-pump column-switching ion chromatography: An online and cost-effective tool for matrix removal and sample enrichment. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Li J, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Bian Y, Hu C, Wang ZH, Feng XS. Haloacetic Acids in the Aquatic Environment. SEPARATION & PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2022.2141649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, Pei-ching 100021, China
| | - Yu Bian
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Cong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
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