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Zhou X, Wang C, Huang M, Zhang J, Cheng B, Zheng Y, Chen S, Xiang M, Li Y, Bedia J, Belver C, Li H. A review of the present methods used to remediate soil and water contaminated with organophosphate esters and developmental directions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 475:134834. [PMID: 38889460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are widely used commercial additives, but their environmental persistence and toxicity raise serious concerns necessitating associated remediation strategies. Although there are various existing technologies for OPE removal, comprehensive screening for them is urgently needed to guide further research. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the techniques used to remove OPEs from soil and water, including their related influencing factors, removal mechanisms/degradation pathways, and practical applications. Based on an analysis of the latest literature, we concluded that (1) methods used to decontaminate OPEs include adsorption, hydrolysis, photolysis, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), activated sludge processes, and microbial degradation; (2) factors such as the quantity/characteristics of the catalysts/additives, pH value, inorganic ion concentration, and natural organic matter (NOM) affect OPE removal; (3) primary degradation mechanisms involve oxidation induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) (including •OH and SO4•-) and degradation pathways include hydrolysis, hydroxylation, oxidation, dechlorination, and dealkylation; (5) interference from the pH value, inorganic ion and the presence of NOM may limit complete mineralization during the treatment, impacting practical application of OPE removal techniques. This review provides guidance on existing and potential OPE removal methods, providing a theoretical basis and innovative ideas for developing more efficient and environmentally friendly techniques to treat OPEs in soil and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- Institute of Environmental pollution and health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Institute of Environmental pollution and health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Mengyan Huang
- Institute of Environmental pollution and health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Institute of Environmental pollution and health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Biao Cheng
- Institute of Environmental pollution and health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Institute of Environmental pollution and health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Environmental and Materials Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China
| | - Minghui Xiang
- Institute of Environmental pollution and health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of Environmental pollution and health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jorge Bedia
- Chemical Engineering Department, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Carolina Belver
- Chemical Engineering Department, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Environmental pollution and health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Saha A, Das BK, Tiwari NK, Chauhan S, Jana C, Ramteke M, Johnson C, Baitha R, Swain HS, Ray A, Das Gupta S, Gogoi P, Kayal T. Dynamics of sediment phosphorus in the middle and lower stretch of River Ganga, India: insight into concentration, fractionation, and environmental risk assessment of phosphorus. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:336. [PMID: 39060460 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Despite continuous efforts, eutrophication is still occurring in freshwater and phosphorus (P) is the most important nutrients that drive the eutrophication in rivers and streams. However, little information is available about the distribution of P fractions in river sediment. Here, the sequential extraction approach was used to evaluate the sediment P fractionation and its content in the anthropogenically damaged river Ganga, India. Different sedimentary P fractions viz. exchangeable (Ex-P), aluminum bound (Al-P), iron bound (Fe-P), calcium bound (Ca-P), and organically bound phosphorus (Org-P), were quantified. Significantly higher level of total P was recorded in pre-monsoon season (438.5 ± 95.8 mg/kg), than other [winter (345.7 ± 110.6 mg/kg), post-monsoon (319.2 ± 136.3 mg/kg), and monsoon (288.6 ± 77.3 mg/kg)] seasons. Different P fractions such as Ex-P, Al-P, Fe-P, Ca-P and Org-P varied from 2.88-12.8 mg/kg, 7.64-98.8 mg/kg, 32.2-179.2 mg/kg, 51.97-286.1 mg/kg and 9.3-143.7 mg/kg, respectively, which correspondingly represented 0.5-10.54%, 3.41-20.18%, 17.27-37.82%, 37.35-60.2%, 4.15-25.88% of the Total P with a rank order of P-fractions was Ca-P > Fe-P > Org-P > Al-P > Ex-P. Bio-available P contributes a considerable portion (37.9-46.0%) of total P which may increase the eutrophication to overlying water. Results demonstrate that inorganic P species control the P bio-availability in both time and space. However, an estimated phosphorus pollution index based on sediment total P content showed no ecological risk of phosphorus to Ganga River sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajoy Saha
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - B K Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India.
| | - Nitish Kumar Tiwari
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Suraj Chauhan
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Chayna Jana
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Mitesh Ramteke
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Canciyal Johnson
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Raju Baitha
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Himanshu Sekhar Swain
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Archisman Ray
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Subhadeep Das Gupta
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Pranab Gogoi
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Tania Kayal
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
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Naseem S, Tabinda AB, Baqar M, Khan MA, Zia-Ur-Rehman M. Occurrence, spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of Organophosphate Esters in surface water and sediments from the Ravi River and its tributaries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174828. [PMID: 39025139 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are widely used as substitutes for brominated flame retardants and characterized as emerging contaminants. Due to their toxicity and persistent nature, OPEs are becoming a matter of greater concern worldwide. However, information about the pollution profile of OPEs and associated ecological risks is still scarce in environmental matrices of the South Asian region, particularly Pakistan. Hence, the current study was conducted to investigate the occurrence, spatial distribution patterns, ecological risks and riverine flux of 10 organophosphate esters in surface water and sediments of Ravi River and its four tributaries. The concentrations of ∑10OPEs were in the range of 19.2 - 105 ng/L, with the dominance of chlorinated-OPEs (51 %) in surface water, whereas in case of sediments, the ∑10OPEs concentrations ranged from 20.7 to 149 ng/g dw, with high abundance of non - chlorinated alkyl-OPEs, which contributed about 56 % to total OPE concentration. The correlation analysis signified a strong positive relation of OPEs with TOC (p < 0.05, R = 0.76) in sediments; and in addition to this, field-based LogKoc values were estimated to be higher than predicted LogKoc. Moreover, a significantly positive correlation (p < 0.05, R = 0.88) was observed between LogKoc and LogKow, implying that hydrophobicity plays a significant role in OPE distribution in different environmental matrices. The global comparison revealed that contamination status of OPEs in the present study was comparatively lower than other regional findings, furthermore, principal component analysis suggested vehicular emissions, industrial discharges, household supplies and atmospheric deposition as main sources of OPEs occurrence in current study region. Furthermore, the riverine flux of ∑10OPEs was estimated to be 0.68 tons/yr and the ecological risk assessment indicated that all OPEs, except EHDPP and TCrP, showed negligible or insignificant ecological risks for aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samra Naseem
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Amtul Bari Tabinda
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mujtaba Baqar
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Mehroze Ahmad Khan
- Applied Chemistry Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research Laboratories, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Applied Chemistry Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research Laboratories, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
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Lin J, Ding X, Gu J, Zhang L, Chao J, Zhang H, Feng S, Guo C, Xu J, Gao Z. Organophosphate esters (OPEs) pollution characteristics, bioaccumulation and human consumption implication in wild marine organisms from the Yellow River Estuary, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 206:116708. [PMID: 38986395 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
As the substitutes of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, organophosphate esters (OPEs) with high concentrations have accumulated in the estuaries, bays, and harbors. However, limited information is available about the OPEs in the estuary organism categories, especially under the multiple industrial pressure. This study investigated the occurrence, bioaccumulation and human consumption implication in wild marine organisms from the Yellow River Estuary, where located many petroleum and chemical manufacturing industries. This study found that concentrations of Σ13OPEs ranged from 547 ng/L to 1164 ng/L in seawater (median: 802 ng/L), from 384 to 1366 ng/g dw in the sediment (median: 601 ng/g dw), and from 419 to 959 ng/g dw (median: 560 ng/g dw) in the marine organisms. The congener compositions in the organisms were dominated by alkyl-OPEs (80.7 %), followed by halogenated-OPEs (18.8 %) and aryl-OPEs (0.5 %). Based on the principal component analysis, petrochemical pollution, and industrial wastewater discharge were distinguished as the main plausible sources of OPEs to the YRE ecosystem. Most OPEs had potential or strong bioaccumulation capacity on the organisms, with a positive correlation between log BAF (Bioaccumulation Factor) and log Kow of OPEs. The highest estimated daily intake value of OPEs was tri-n-propyl phosphate, exceeding 300 ng/kg·bw/day via consuming fish. The highest hazard quotients from OPEs ranged from 0.001 to 0.1, indicating a low risk to human health by consuming marine organisms in the YRE. As the consumption of OPEs increases year by year, the risks of OPEs still cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Lin
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Xinshu Ding
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Jinzeng Gu
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Lutao Zhang
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Jinyu Chao
- School of Civil Engineering and Construction and Environment of Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, PR China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Song Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Changsheng Guo
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Zhenhui Gao
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
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Gan W, Zhang R, Cao Z, Liu H, Fan W, Sun A, Song S, Zhang Z, Shi X. Unveiling the hidden risks: Pesticide residues in aquaculture systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172388. [PMID: 38614356 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The present study systematically assessed the presence and ecological risks of 79 pesticides in various aquaculture systems, namely pond aquaculture (PA), greenhouse aquaculture (GA), and raceway aquaculture (RA) at different aquaculture stages, along with evaluating the pesticide removal of four tailwater treatment systems. Sixteen herbicides and two fungicides were identified, with the total concentrations ranging from 8.33 ng/L to 3248.45 ng/L. The PA system demonstrated significantly higher concentrations (p < 0.05) and a wider range of pesticide residues compared to the GA and RA systems. Prometryn, simetryn, atrazine, and thifluzamide were found to be the predominant pesticides across all three aquaculture modes, suggesting their significance as pollutants that warrant monitoring. Additionally, the findings indicated that the early aquaculture stage exhibits the highest levels of pesticide concentration, underscoring the importance of heightened monitoring and regulatory interventions during this phase. Furthermore, among the four tailwater treatment systems analyzed, the recirculating tailwater treatment system exhibited the highest efficacy in pesticide removal. A comprehensive risk assessment revealed minimal ecological risks in both the aquaculture and tailwater environments. However, the pesticide mixtures present high risks to algae and low to medium risks to aquatic invertebrates and fish, particularly during the early stages of aquaculture. Simetryn and prometryn were identified as high-risk pesticides. Based on the prioritization index, simetryn, prometryn, diuron, and ametryn are recommended for prioritization in risk assessment. This study offers valuable data for pesticide control and serves as a reference for the establishment of a standardized pesticide monitoring and management system at various stages of aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Gan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Zhi Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Wentao Fan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China
| | - Aili Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Suquan Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China
| | - Zeming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China.
| | - Xizhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China.
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Du Z, Ruan Y, Chen J, Fang J, Xiao S, Shi Y, Zheng W. Global Trends and Hotspots in Research on the Health Risks of Organophosphate Flame Retardants: A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis. TOXICS 2024; 12:391. [PMID: 38922072 PMCID: PMC11209454 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12060391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are compounds with a wide range of industrial and commercial applications and are mainly used as flame retardants and plasticizers. The global consumption of OPFRs has risen rapidly in recent decades, and they have been widely detected in environmental media. Unfortunately, OPFRs have been associated with many adverse health outcomes. The issue of the health risks of OPFRs is attracting increasing attention. Therefore, there is a need to review the current state of research and trends in this field to help researchers and policymakers quickly understand the field, identify new research directions, and allocate appropriate resources for further development of the OPFR health risk research field. METHODS This study statistically analyzed 1162 relevant publications included in the Web of Science Core Collection from 2003-2023. The internal and external features of the literature, such as publication trends, countries, authors, journals, and keywords, were quantitatively analyzed and visually presented to identify the research hotspots, compositions, and paradigms of the field and to horizontally and vertically analyze the development trends and structural evolution of the field. RESULTS The development of the field can be divided into three stages, and the field entered a period of rapid development in 2016. China (649 papers) is the most prolific country, followed by the United States (188 papers). The authors STAPLETON HM and WANG Y have the highest combined impact. International collaboration between countries and researchers still needs to be strengthened. Science of The Total Environment is the most frequently published journal (162 papers), and Environmental Science and Technology is the most frequently cited journal (5285 citations). Endocrine disruption, developmental toxicity, and neurotoxicity are the health effects of greatest interest. CONCLUSIONS Future research is expected to be multidisciplinary, and research hotspots may involve a comprehensive assessment of OPFR exposure in the population, exploration of the mechanisms of endocrine-disrupting effects and in vivo metabolic processes, and examination of the health effects of OPFR metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Du
- Key Laboratory of the Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.D.); (J.C.); (J.F.)
| | - Yuanyuan Ruan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiabin Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.D.); (J.C.); (J.F.)
| | - Jian Fang
- Key Laboratory of the Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.D.); (J.C.); (J.F.)
| | - Shuo Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institutes, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Yewen Shi
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.D.); (J.C.); (J.F.)
- Center for Water and Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Losantos D, Sarra M, Caminal G. OPFR removal by white rot fungi: screening of removers and approach to the removal mechanism. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2024; 5:1387541. [PMID: 38827887 PMCID: PMC11140845 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2024.1387541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The persistent presence of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in wastewater (WW) effluents raises significant environmental and health concerns, highlighting the limitations of conventional treatments for their remotion. Fungi, especially white rot fungi (WRF), offer a promising alternative for OPFR removal. This study sought to identify fungal candidates (from a selection of four WRF and two Ascomycota fungi) capable of effectively removing five frequently detected OPFRs in WW: tributyl phosphate (TnBP), tributoxy ethyl phosphate (TBEP), trichloroethyl phosphate (TCEP), trichloro propyl phosphate (TCPP) and triethyl phosphate (TEP). The objective was to develop a co-culture approach for WW treatment, while also addressing the utilization of less assimilable carbon sources present in WW. Research was conducted on carbon source uptake and OPFR removal by all fungal candidates, while the top degraders were analyzed for biomass sorption contribution. Additionally, the enzymatic systems involved in OPFR degradation were identified, along with toxicity of samples after fungal contact. Acetate (1.4 g·L-1), simulating less assimilable organic matter in the carbon source uptake study, was eliminated by all tested fungi in 4 days. However, during the initial screening where the removal of four OPFRs (excluding TCPP) was tested, WRF outperformed Ascomycota fungi. Ganoderma lucidum and Trametes versicolor removed over 90% of TnBP and TBEP within 4 days, with Pleorotus ostreatus and Pycnoporus sanguineus also displaying effective removal. TCEP removal was challenging, with only G. lucidum achieving partial removal (47%). A subsequent screening with selected WRF and the addition of TCPP revealed TCPP's greater susceptibility to degradation compared to TCEP, with T. versicolor exhibiting the highest removal efficiency (77%). This observation, plus the poor degradation of TEP by all fungal candidates suggests that polarity of an OPFR inversely correlates with its susceptibility to fungal degradation. Sorption studies confirmed the ability of top-performing fungi of each selected OPFR to predominantly degrade them. Enzymatic system tests identified the CYP450 intracellular system responsible for OPFR degradation, so reactions of hydroxylation, dealkylation and dehalogenation are possibly involved in the degradation pathway. Finally, toxicity tests revealed transformation products obtained by fungal degradation to be more toxic than the parent compounds, emphasizing the need to identify them and their toxicity contributions. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into OPFR degradation by WRF, with implications for future WW treatment using mixed consortia, emphasizing the importance of reducing generated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Losantos
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Escola d’Enginyeria, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Montserrat Sarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Escola d’Enginyeria, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Glòria Caminal
- Institut de Quiímica Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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Zhao F, Ping H, Liu J, Zhao T, Wang Y, Cui G, Ha X, Ma Z, Li C. Occurrence, potential sources, and ecological risks of traditional and novel organophosphate esters in facility agriculture soils: A case study in Beijing, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171456. [PMID: 38442758 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Although traditional organophosphate esters (OPEs) in soils have attracted widespread interest, there is little information on novel OPEs (NOPEs), especially in facility agriculture soils. In this work, we surveyed 11 traditional OPEs, four NOPEs, and four corresponding organophosphite antioxidant precursors (OPAs) for the NOPEs in soil samples collected from facility greenhouses and open fields. The median summed concentrations of traditional OPEs and NOPEs were 14.1 μg/kg (range: 5.38-115 μg/kg) and 702 μg/kg (range: 348-1952 μg/kg), respectively, in film-mulched soils from greenhouses. These concentrations were much higher than those in soils without mulch films, which suggests that OPEs in soils are associated with plastic mulch films. Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate, which is a NOPE produced by oxidation of (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, was the predominant congener in farmland soils, with concentrations several orders of magnitude greater than those of traditional OPEs. Comparisons of OPEs in different mulch films and the corresponding mulched soils revealed that degradable and black films caused more severe pollution than polyethylene and white films. Traditional OPEs, including tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate and tricresyl phosphate, exhibited moderate risks in farmland soils, especially in film-mulched soils. NOPEs, including trisnonylphenol phosphate, posed high ecological risks to the terrestrial ecosystem. Risk evaluations should be conducted for a broad range of NOPEs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-Products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Ping
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-Products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-Products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-Products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjun Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-Products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Guanglu Cui
- Daxing District Planting Technology Promotion Station, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Xuejiao Ha
- Daxing District Planting Technology Promotion Station, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Zhihong Ma
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-Products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China.
| | - Cheng Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-Products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China.
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9
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Yin H, Liu L, Xiong Y, Qiao Y. Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in typical industrial parks in Southwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:35206-35218. [PMID: 38720129 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33160-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
As alternative substances of PBDEs, organophosphate esters (OPEs), an emerging organic pollutant, were increasingly produced and used in many kinds of industries and consumer products. However, OPEs also have various adverse toxic effects. Information on the pollution levels and exposure to OPEs in related industries is still limited. This study presented data on OPE contamination in the soil, leaf, and river water samples from seven typical industrial parks in Southwest China. Total concentration of seven OPEs (Σ7OPE) including tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP), tris-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP), tris-(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), tris-(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine (TCEP), triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), tris-(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) ester (TDCPP), and tris-(chlorisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) in the soil samples (36.2 ~ 219.7 ng/g) and the surrounding river water samples (118.9 ~ 287.7 ng/L) were mostly lower than those in other studies, while the Σ7OPE level in the leaves (2053.3 ~ 8152.7 ng/g) was relatively high. There were significant differences in the concentration and distribution of OPEs in the surrounding environment of different industrial parks. TDCPP, TnBP, and TCPP could be used as the characteristic compound in soil samples from auto industrial park, river samples from shoe making industrial park, and leaf samples from logistics park, respectively. The parameter m (the content ratio of chlorinated OPEs to alkyl OPEs) was suggested to distinguish the types of industrial park preliminary. When m ≥ 1, it mainly refers to heavy industries sources such as automobiles, electronics, and machinery, etc. When m<1, it mainly for the light industrial sources such as textile industry, transportation services, and resources processing, etc. For logistics park, furniture park and Wuhou comprehensive industrial park, the volatilization of materials was the main sources of OPEs in the surrounding environment, while more effort was required to strengthen the pollution control and management of the waste water and soil in the pharmacy industrial park, shoe making industrial park and auto industrial park. Risk assessment showed that there was a negligible non-cancer and carcinogenic risk in the soil, while high attention should be paid to the non-cancer risk for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Yin
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610025, Sichuan, China.
| | - Liya Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610025, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanming Xiong
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610025, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Qiao
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610025, Sichuan, China
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10
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Liu Y, Chen L, Li H, Song Y, Yang Z, Cui Y. Occurrence of organophosphorus flame retardants in Xiangjiang River: Spatiotemporal variations, potential affecting factors, and source apportionment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141822. [PMID: 38561157 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The environmental occurrence of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) is receiving increasing attention. However, their distribution in the Xiangjiang River, an important tributary in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, is still uncharacterized, and the potential factors influencing their distribution have not been adequately surveyed. In this study, the occurrence of OPFRs in the Xiangjiang River was comprehensively investigated from upstream to downstream seasonally. Fourteen OPFRs were detected in the sampling area, with a total concentration (∑OPFRs) ranging from 3.16 to 462 ng/L, among which tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate was identified as the primary pollutant (ND - 379 ng/L). Specifically, ∑OPFRs were significantly lower in the wet season than in the dry season, which may be due to the dilution effect of river flow and enhanced volatilization caused by higher water temperatures. Additionally, Changsha (during the dry season) and Zhuzhou (during the wet season) exhibited higher pollution levels than other cities. According to the Redundancy analysis, water quality parameters accounted for 35.7% of the variation in the occurrence of OPFRs, in which temperature, ammonia nitrogen content, dissolved oxygen, and chemical oxygen demand were identified as the potential influencing factors, accounting for 28.1%, 27.2%, 24.1%, and 11.5% of the total variation, respectively. The results of the Positive Matrix Factorization analysis revealed that transport and industrial emissions were the major sources of OPFRs in Xiangjiang River. In addition, there were no high-ecological risk cases for any individual OPFRs, although tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate and tributoxyethyl phosphate presented a low-to-medium risk level. And the results of mixture risk quotients indicated that medium-risk sites were concentrated in the Chang-Zhu-Tan region. This study enriches the global data of OPFRs pollution and contributes to the scientific management and control of pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Haipu Li
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Yang Song
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhaoguang Yang
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yue Cui
- Hunan Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Center, Changsha, 410081, China
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11
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Hou M, Zhang B, Zhou L, Ding H, Zhang X, Shi Y, Na G, Cai Y. Occurrence, distribution, sources, and risk assessment of organophosphate esters in typical coastal aquaculture waters of China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133264. [PMID: 38113744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
This study monitored 20 organophosphate esters (OPEs) in water and sediment from three typical mariculture bases (Yunxi Marine Ranching (YX), Hangzhou Bay (HZB), and Zhelin Bay (ZLB)) and Meiliang Bay (MLB) of Taihu Lake in China, focusing on the spatial distribution and sources of OPEs. Moreover, the occurrence and risk of OPEs in fishes from ZLB were evaluated. The ∑OPE concentrations in waters followed the order MLB (591 ng/L) > YX (102 ng/L) > HZB (70.0 ng/L) > ZLB (37.4 ng/L), with tri(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP), triethyl phosphate (TEP), and tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) being the dominant OPEs. Significantly higher ∑OPE concentrations were found in sediment in MLB compared to the other three areas with similar levels. The decreasing concentrations of OPEs from nearshore to offshore areas in HZB and MLB indicated that terrigenous input is the main source of OPEs. The even distribution of OPEs in YX and ZLB combined with PCA analysis suggested ship traffic or aquaculture activities are also potential sources. The ∑OPE concentrations in fishes ranged from 0.551-2.45 ng/g wet weight, with TCIPP, tri-phenyl phosphate (TPHP), and TCEP being the main OPEs. Hydrophobicity was a key factor affecting the sediment-water distribution coefficients and the bioaccumulation factors of OPEs. The human exposure to OPEs through consumption of fishes from ZLB had a low health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Hou
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bona Zhang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Longfei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Xuwenqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Yali Shi
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guangshui Na
- Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute/Hainan Key Laboratory for Coastal Marine Eco-environment and Carbon Sink/ College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China.
| | - Yaqi Cai
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Losantos D, Palacios O, Berge MJ, Sarrà M, Caminal G, Eustaquio A. Novel method for rapid monitoring of OPFRs by LLE and GC-MS as a tool for assessing biodegradation: validation and applicability. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1493-1504. [PMID: 38280016 PMCID: PMC10861394 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are high-production volume chemicals widely present in environmental compartments. The presence of water-soluble OPFRs (tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP), and triethyl phosphate (TEP)) in water compartments evidences the struggle of conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to effectively eliminate these toxic compounds. This study reports for the first time the use of white-rot fungi as a promising alternative for the removal of these OPFRs. To accomplish this, a simple and cost-efficient quantification method for rapid monitoring of these contaminants' concentrations by GC-MS while accounting for matrix effects was developed. The method proved to be valid and reliable for all the tested parameters. Sample stability was examined under various storage conditions, showing the original samples to be stable after 60 days of freezing, while post-extraction storage techniques were also effective. Finally, a screening of fungal degraders while assessing the influence of the glucose regime on OPFR removal was performed. Longer chain organophosphate flame retardants, TBP and TBEP, could be easily and completely removed by the fungus Ganoderma lucidum after only 4 days. This fungus also stood out as the sole organism capable of partially degrading TCEP (35% removal). The other chlorinated compound, TCPP, was more easily degraded and 70% of its main isomer was removed by T. versicolor. However, chlorinated compounds were only partially degraded under nutrient-limiting conditions. TEP was either not degraded or poorly degraded, and it is likely that it is a transformation product from another OPFR's degradation. These results suggest that degradation of chlorinated compounds is dependent on the concentration of the main carbon source and that more polar OPFRs are less susceptible to degradation, given that they are less accessible to radical removal by fungi. Overall, the findings of the present study pave the way for further planned research and a potential application for the degradation of these contaminants in real wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Losantos
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Escola d'Enginyeria, Campus Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Oscar Palacios
- Servei d'Anàlisi Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Facultat de Ciències, Campus Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - María Jesús Berge
- Servei d'Anàlisi Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Facultat de Ciències, Campus Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Montserrat Sarrà
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Escola d'Enginyeria, Campus Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Gloria Caminal
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Eustaquio
- Servei d'Anàlisi Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Facultat de Ciències, Campus Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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13
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Zhang Y, Zhao B, Chen Q, Zhu F, Wang J, Fu X, Zhou T. Fate of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in the "Cambi® TH + AAD" of sludge in a WWTP in Beijing, China. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 169:363-373. [PMID: 37523947 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are emerging environmental pollutants that cause endocrine disruption, neurotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity. Sewage sludge is an important source of tri-OPFRs that are released into the environment. The occurrence, distribution, and ecological risk of OPFRs in the full-scale "Cambi® thermal hydrolysis (TH) + advanced anaerobic digestion (AAD) + plate-frame pressure filtration" sludge treatment process is closely related to the application of sewage sludge. We tested sludge samples from a wastewater treatment plant in Beijing, China. Nine tri-OPFRs were detected in the sludge samples collected at different treatment units during four seasons. The ΣOPFRs decreased from 1,742.65-2,579.68 ng/g to 971.48-1,702.22 ng/g. The mass flow of tri-OPFRs in treated sludge decreased by 61.4%, 48.9%, 42.4%, and 63.9% in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively, effectively reducing the corresponding ecological risk. The ecological risk of tri-OPFRs in sludge in forestland utilization mainly lies in chlorinated tri-OPFRs, especially TCPP and TCEP. No >42.20 t/hm2 of sludge could be used continuously for one year to prevent tri-OPFRs from exceeding the low ecological risk level, indicating that the current commonly applied proportion of sludge (1.6-30 t/hm2) will likely not raise the ecological risk of tri-OPFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Zhang
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 10872, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 10872, China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 10872, China
| | - Fenfen Zhu
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 10872, China.
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Municipal Sewage Reclamation, R&D Center, Beijing Drainage Group Co. Ltd., Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xingmin Fu
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Municipal Sewage Reclamation, R&D Center, Beijing Drainage Group Co. Ltd., Beijing 100124, China
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 10872, China
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Khare A, Jadhao P, Kawre S, Kanade G, Patil M, Vaidya AN, Kumar AR. Occurrence, spatio-temporal variation and ecological risk assessment of benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVs) in water and sediment of rivers in central India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163381. [PMID: 37030358 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVs) in different environmental matrices has attracted researchers and regulatory agencies worldwide due to its persistency, bioaccumulative and toxic properties. Environmental occurrence of BUVs in Indian freshwater is lacking. The present study analyzed six targeted BUVs in surface water and sediments of three rivers of Central India. BUVs were determined in pre- and post-monsoon seasons to reveal their concentration, spatio-temporal distribution and probable ecological risks. Results indicated that total concentration of BUVs (ƩBUVs) ranged from ND to 42.88 μg/L in water, and ND to 165.26 ng/g in sediments with UV-329 as the predominant BUV in surface water and sediments during pre- and post-monsoon seasons. Surface water samples from Pili River, and sediment of Nag River accounted for maximum BUVs concentration. Partitioning coefficient results confirmed the effective transfer of BUVs from overlaying water to sediments. The observed concentration of BUVs in water and sediments posed low ecological risk to planktons. Untreated municipal discharges and poor waste management practices including dumping of wastes might be the sources of BUVs in water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Khare
- Chemical and Hazardous Waste Management Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pradip Jadhao
- Chemical and Hazardous Waste Management Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shatabdi Kawre
- Chemical and Hazardous Waste Management Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Gajanan Kanade
- Chemical and Hazardous Waste Management Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mahendra Patil
- Chemical and Hazardous Waste Management Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Atul Narayan Vaidya
- Chemical and Hazardous Waste Management Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Asirvatham Ramesh Kumar
- Chemical and Hazardous Waste Management Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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