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Jiang S, Lin J, Zhang R, Wu Q, Li H, Zhang Q, Wang M, Dai L, Xie D, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Han B. In situ mass spectrometry imaging reveals pesticide residues and key metabolic pathways throughout the entire cowpea growth process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134534. [PMID: 38733786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Cowpea plants, renowned for their high edibility, pose a significant risk of pesticide residue contamination. Elucidating the behavior of pesticide residues and their key metabolic pathways is critical for ensuring cowpea safety and human health. This study investigated the migration of pesticide residues and their key metabolic pathways in pods throughout the growth process of cowpea plants via in situ mass spectrometry. To this end, four pesticides--including systemic (thiram), and nonsystemic (fluopyram, pyriproxyfen, and cyromazine) pesticides--were selected. The results indicate the direct upward and downward transmission of pesticides in cowpea stems and pods. Systemic pesticides gradually migrate to the core of cowpea plants, whereas nonsystemic pesticides remain on the surface of cowpea peels. The migration rate is influenced by the cowpea maturity, logarithmic octanol-water partition coefficient (log Kow) value, and molecular weight of the pesticide. Further, 20 types of key metabolites related to glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and flavonoid synthesis were found in cowpea pods after pesticide treatment. These findings afford insights into improving cowpea quality and ensuring the safe use of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufan Jiang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables; Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of Tropical Agricultural Products of Haikou City, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China; Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
| | - Jingling Lin
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables; Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of Tropical Agricultural Products of Haikou City, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables; Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of Tropical Agricultural Products of Haikou City, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables; Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of Tropical Agricultural Products of Haikou City, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Hongxing Li
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables; Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of Tropical Agricultural Products of Haikou City, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables; Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of Tropical Agricultural Products of Haikou City, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables; Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of Tropical Agricultural Products of Haikou City, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Longjun Dai
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Defang Xie
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables; Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of Tropical Agricultural Products of Haikou City, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables; Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of Tropical Agricultural Products of Haikou City, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China.
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Bingjun Han
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables; Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of Tropical Agricultural Products of Haikou City, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China.
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Wang X, Sun X, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Wu G, Wang Y, Li Q, Yang C, Ban T, Liu Y, Huang JA, Li Y. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Imaging Assisted by Machine Learning Analysis: Unveiling Pesticide Molecule Permeation in Crop Tissues. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2405416. [PMID: 38923362 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) imaging technology faces significant technical bottlenecks in ensuring balanced spatial resolution, preventing image bias induced by substrate heterogeneity, accurate quantitative analysis, and substrate preparation that enhances Raman signal strength on a global scale. To systematically solve these problems, artificial intelligence techniques are applied to analyze the signals of pesticides based on 3D and dynamic SERS imaging. Utilizing perovskite/silver nanoparticles composites (CaTiO3/Ag@BONPs) as enhanced substrates, enabling it not only to cleanse pesticide residues from the surface to pulp of fruits and vegetables, but also to investigate the penetration dynamics of an array of pesticides (chlorpyrifos, thiabendazole, thiram, and acetamiprid). The findings challenge existing paradigms, unveiling a previously unnoticed weakening process during pesticide invasion and revealing the surprising permeability of non-systemic pesticides. Of particular note is easy to overlook that the combined application of pesticides can inadvertently intensify their invasive capacity due to pesticide interactions. The innovative study delves into the realm of pesticide penetration, propelling a paradigm shift in the understanding of food safety. Meanwhile, this strategy provides strong support for the cutting-edge application of SERS imaging technology and also brings valuable reference and enlightenment for researchers in related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Research Center for Innovative Technology of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Research Center for Innovative Technology of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Zhehan Liu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Research Center for Innovative Technology of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Guangrun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Research Center for Innovative Technology of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Research Center for Innovative Technology of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Research Center for Innovative Technology of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Chunjuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Research Center for Innovative Technology of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Tao Ban
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, and Department of Pharmacology (State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Jian-An Huang
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu, Oulu, 999018, Finland
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Research Center for Innovative Technology of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, 150081, P. R. China
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu, Oulu, 999018, Finland
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Wang SY, Wang YX, Yue SS, Shi XC, Lu FY, Wu SQ, Herrera-Balandrano DD, Laborda P. G-site residue S67 is involved in the fungicide-degrading activity of a tau class glutathione S-transferase from Carica papaya. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107123. [PMID: 38417796 PMCID: PMC10958117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Thiram is a toxic fungicide extensively used for the management of pathogens in fruits. Although it is known that thiram degrades in plant tissues, the key enzymes involved in this process remain unexplored. In this study, we report that a tau class glutathione S-transferase (GST) from Carica papaya can degrade thiram. This enzyme was easily obtained by heterologous expression in Escherichia coli, showed low promiscuity toward other thiuram disulfides, and catalyzed thiram degradation under physiological reaction conditions. Site-directed mutagenesis indicated that G-site residue S67 shows a key influence for the enzymatic activity toward thiram, while mutation of residue S13, which reduced the GSH oxidase activity, did not significantly affect the thiram-degrading activity. The formation of dimethyl dithiocarbamate, which was subsequently converted into carbon disulfide, and dimethyl dithiocarbamoylsulfenic acid as the thiram degradation products suggested that thiram undergoes an alkaline hydrolysis that involves the rupture of the disulfide bond. Application of the GST selective inhibitor 4-chloro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole reduced papaya peel thiram-degrading activity by 95%, indicating that this is the main degradation route of thiram in papaya. GST from Carica papaya also catalyzed the degradation of the fungicides chlorothalonil and thiabendazole, with residue S67 showing again a key influence for the enzymatic activity. These results fill an important knowledge gap in understanding the catalytic promiscuity of plant GSTs and reveal new insights into the fate and degradation products of thiram in fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yan-Xia Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Sheng-Shuo Yue
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xin-Chi Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Feng-Yi Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Si-Qi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | | | - Pedro Laborda
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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Xie H, Cheng Y, Cai Y, Ren T, Zhang B, Chen N, Wang J. A H 2O 2-specific fluorescent probe for evaluating oxidative stress in pesticides-treated cells, rice roots and zebrafish. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133426. [PMID: 38185089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays an irreplaceable role in the evaluation of the redox status in versatile circumstances. The levels of H2O2 can be affected by both internal and external stimuli, including environmental hazards. Abnormal production of H2O2 is a common characteristic of pesticide-caused damage. Therefore, H2O2 levels can intuitively and conveniently reflect the oxidative stress caused by various pesticides in cells and organisms. However, reliable and convenient monitoring of H2O2 in living cells is still limited by the lack of specific imaging probes. In this study, a fluorescent probe (HBTM-HP) was developed for in situ observation of H2O2 fluctuations caused by pesticide treatment over time in mammalian cells, rice roots and zebrafish. HBTM-HP showed high sensitivity and selectivity for H2O2. Fluorescence imaging results confirmed that HBTM-HP could be applied to reveal H2O2 production induced by multiple pesticides. This study revealed that HBTM-HP could serves as a versatile tool to monitor the redox status related to H2O2 both in vitro and in vivo upon exposure to pesticides, and also provides a basis for clarifying the mechanisms of pesticides in physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai 200234, PR China; Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Yuchun Cheng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Yiheng Cai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Tianrui Ren
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Nan Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai 200234, PR China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai 200234, PR China.
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Li X, Song S, Wei F, Huang X, Guo Y, Zhang T. Occurrence, distribution, and translocation of legacy and current-use pesticides in pomelo orchards in South China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169674. [PMID: 38160827 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Pomelo (Citrus grandis) is a highly popular and juicy member of the citrus family. However, little is known regarding the occurrence and distribution of pesticides in pomelo. In this study, we determined the levels of legacy (n = 25) and current-use pesticides (n = 2) in all parts of pomelo (i.e., epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp, pulp, and seed) and paired soil and leaf samples collected from two pomelo orchards in South China. At least one target pesticide was detected in the pomelo fruit, soil, and leaf samples, indicating that these pesticides were ubiquitous. The spatial distribution of the total concentration of pesticides in the pomelo parts was in the order of epicarp (216 ng/g) > mesocarp (9.50 ng/g) > endocarp (4.40 ng/g) > seed (3.80 ng/g) > pulp (1.10 ng/g), revealing different spatial distributions in pomelo. Principal component analysis was performed based on the concentrations of the target pesticides in the pulp and paired samples of epicarp, leaf, topsoil, and deep soil to examine the translocation pathway of the pesticides in pomelo. Close correlations were found among the target pesticides, and the pesticides in the pulp were mainly transferred from the epicarp, topsoil, or deep soil. We also explored the factors that affected such transport and found that the main translocation pathway of the non-systemic pesticide (i.e., buprofezin) into the pulp was the epicarp, whereas the systemic pesticide (i.e., pyriproxyfen) was mainly derived from the soil. The cumulative chronic dietary risks of all the pesticides resulting from pomelo consumption were much lower than the acceptable daily intake values for the general population. However, the prolonged risk of exposure to these pesticides should not be underestimated. The potential health risks posed by legacy and current-use pesticides, which are widely and frequently utilized, should be given increased attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; School of Chemistry and Environment, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China
| | - Shiming Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; School of Chemistry and Environment, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China
| | - Fenghua Wei
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China
| | - Xiongfei Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuankai Guo
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Tankiewicz M. Assessment of Apple Peel Barrier Effect to Pesticide Permeation Using Franz Diffusion Cell and QuEChERS Method Coupled with GC-MS/MS. Foods 2023; 12:3220. [PMID: 37685153 PMCID: PMC10486934 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a new approach to pesticide permeation through the apple peel into the pulp is discussed. The tested compounds can be classified, based on mode of action, as systemic (boscalid, cyprodinil, pirimicarb, propiconazole and tebuconazole) or contact (captan, cypermethrin and fludioxonil) pesticides. The barrier effect was assessed using a Franz flow-type vertical diffusion cell system. A residue analysis was performed using a modified quick, easy, cheap, efficient, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) extraction method coupled to gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The limits of detection (LODs) ranged between 2.6 µg kg-1 (pirimicarb) and 17 µg kg-1 (captan), with the coefficient of variability (CV) lower than 6%, while recoveries ranged from 85% (boscalid) to 112% (captan) at 0.1 and 1 mg kg-1 spiked levels. The highest peel penetration was observed for pirimicarb, captan and cyprodinil, with cumulative permeations of 90, 19 and 17 µg cm-2, respectively. The total absorption was in the range from 0.32% (tebuconazole) to 32% (pirimicarb). Only cypermethrin was not quantitatively detected in the pulp, and its use can be recommended in crop protection techniques. The obtained results indicate that molecular weight, octanol-water partition coefficient and water solubility are important parameters determining the process of pesticide absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Tankiewicz
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences with Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa Str. 23A, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland
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